Risk Factors Dashboard

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

Sow Good Inc. is a U.S.-based consumer packaged goods company that pioneered the freeze dried candy category. Since commencing commercial sales in the first quarter of 2023, Sow Good developed and scaled a proprietary freeze drying manufacturing operation dedicated to transforming traditional candy and snacks into novel, intensely flavorful treats it markets under the "hyper dried, hyper crunchy, hyper flavorful" brand positioning.

Recent Strategic Transactions

On December 30, 2025, the Company sold substantially all of its manufacturing assets, including six proprietary freeze drying machines and other property and equipment with an aggregate net book value of approximately $10,793,563, to Trea Grove, LLC, ("Trea Grove"), a related party, for total consideration of $1.5 million. Concurrently, the Company entered into an exclusive Distribution Agreement with Trea Grove, pursuant to which Trea Grove serves as the exclusive worldwide distributor of Sow Good's remaining finished goods inventory, with the Company receiving 10% of gross receipts from customer sales. The Distribution Agreement has a term through July 31, 2026.

As a result of these transactions, the Company no longer operates manufacturing facilities and has transitioned to a capital-light model for the duration of the Distribution Agreement. The Company's board and management are evaluating strategic alternatives for the business going forward.

Additionally, on December 31, 2025, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement for the private placement of two tranches of convertible preferred stock (the “Private Placement”). The Company completed the sale of the first tranche by issuing 1,500,000 Series AA Convertible Non-Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company (the “Series AA Preferred Stock”) with proceeds to the Company of $3,000,000, which were used to pay down debt, reduce headcount, and for operational purposes. Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company expects to consummate the sale of the second tranche with the issuance of 1,500,000 Series AAA Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company (the “Series AAA Preferred Stock”) for additional proceeds of $3,000,000 in March 2026. The terms of the Series AAA Preferred Stock are substantially similar to the terms of the Series AA Preferred Stock, except that the Series AAA Preferred Stock are redeemable at a price of $200 per share, and each share of Series AA Preferred Stock is initially convertible into 14 shares of Common Stock where each share of Series AAA Preferred Stock is initially convertible into 250 shares of Common Stock (subject to adjustment as provided in the Series AAA certificate of designations).

Products

Sow Good sells freeze-dried candy and snack products through a distributor. The freeze drying process removes up to 99% of moisture from products in their frozen state through the application of low heat in a near-vacuum environment, concentrating flavor and producing a uniquely crunchy texture with a long shelf life and natural preservation characteristics.

Facilities

Prior to the December 30, 2025 asset sale, the Company operated a custom-built 20,945 square foot freeze drying facility located at 1440 N. Union Bower Road, Irving, Texas, which was leased under a related party lease with Mr. Goldfarb, and housed six bespoke, proprietary freeze dryers capable of producing up to 24 million units of freeze dried candy annually. The manufacturing equipment were among the assets transferred to Trea Grove, LLC as part of the asset sale, and the lease was exited. Sow Good maintains an approximately 10,000 square foot warehouse for remaining inventory, leased through July 2026.

Founders and Background

Sow Good was co-founded by Claudia Goldfarb and Ira Goldfarb. Mr. Goldfarb and Mrs. Goldfarb are also the Managing Members of Trea Grove, LLC, the buyer in the December 2025 asset sale and the Company's exclusive distributor. See "Related Party Transactions" for a full description of those arrangements.

Our Market Opportunity

We believe the candy category is stagnant, repetitive, and in need of revitalization to reengage and captivate consumers seeking innovative ways to satisfy their sweet cravings. We see our market opportunity existing at the intersection of two categories: the burgeoning freeze dried candy category and the non-chocolate confections category. While we observed the freeze dried candy category experience a significant rise in popularity during 2024 and the first half of 2025, we have observed market data showing a significant decline in sales in the freeze dried candy category toward the end of 2025. For these reasons, the Company has transitioned to a

capital-light model for the duration of the Distribution Agreement. The Company's board and management are evaluating strategic alternatives for the business going forward.

A Distinctive and Trusted Brand Name

We believe we have a distinctive brand that consumers trust and helps distinguish our product on crowded retail shelves. Since Sow Good’s inception, we have invested heavily to elevate the Sow Good brand by creating a distinctive and cohesive brand design that sparks consumer curiosity and a desire to sample additional flavors carried by Sow Good. In addition, we use premium packaging materials to communicate the high-quality nature of our products and differentiate ourselves from competitive offerings.

Our Growth Strategy

Following the sale of substantially all manufacturing and operating assets and the entry into a long-term Distribution Agreement, Sow Good Inc. now operates as a commission-based distribution and brand-focused company. We do not manufacture products. Our business model is centered on developing and supporting the Sow Good brand, driving consumer demand, and earning a fixed percentage of distributor gross receipts from sales of Sow Good-branded products.

Our growth strategy is focused on three primary elements: (i) maintaining a lean, asset-light operating structure while we pursue strategic alternatives; (ii) strengthening brand awareness and consumer engagement; and (iii) expanding distribution through our distribution partner.

Maintain an Asset-Light Operating Structure While We Pursue Strategic Alternatives

Our current business model is asset-light and does not require ownership of manufacturing facilities, production equipment, or inventory. We believe this structure provides flexibility, scalability, and reduced capital requirements relative to a vertically integrated manufacturing model, while allowing management to focus on pursuing strategic alternatives. Given the substantial decline in sales experienced by the freeze dried candy category, and with the benefit of the proceeds from the Private Placement, our management is reviewing strategic alternatives to create shareholder value in adjacent categories as well as other industries.

Strengthen Brand Awareness and Consumer Engagement

We believe brand recognition and consumer loyalty are critical drivers of long-term value. We seek to build a trusted brand associated with novel, high-quality freeze-dried treats that consistently deliver a differentiated sensory experience. Our efforts are focused on increasing brand visibility across digital channels, social media platforms, and retail environments, as well as supporting marketing initiatives that drive consumer trial and repeat purchases.

We work collaboratively with our distribution partner to support retail launches, merchandising initiatives, and promotional campaigns designed to increase shelf presence, improve sell-through velocity, and expand consumer awareness of the Sow Good brand.

Expand Distribution Through Our Distribution Partner

Under the Distribution Agreement, our distribution partner is responsible for sales, order fulfillment, warehousing, logistics, and customer relationships with retailers and distributors. Our role is to support and influence distribution expansion through brand development, product strategy, and marketing support. Growth in distribution footprint and sell-through directly increases gross receipts earned by our distribution partner, from which we earn a fixed commission.

Our Products

Sow Good operates as a brand owner and brand steward of freeze-dried snack products marketed under the Sow Good name. Product manufacturing, packaging, and distribution are performed by third parties under contractual arrangements. Current product categories include freeze-dried candy marketed under the Sow Good Candy brand, as well as other freeze-dried snack concepts under development.

Sow Good Candy – Freeze-Dried Candy

Sow Good Candy consists of freeze-dried versions of familiar gummy, chewy, and hard candies transformed into crunchy snack formats with concentrated flavor and expanded texture. Products are offered in a variety of flavor profiles, shapes, and pack sizes.

Supply Chain and Manufacturing

Sow Good does not manufacture products and does not own or operate production facilities. Manufacturing, packaging, and sourcing of raw materials are performed by third-party partners engaged by our distribution partner.

We rely on our distribution partner to manage relationships with manufacturers and suppliers, maintain appropriate quality standards, and ensure compliance with applicable food safety and regulatory requirements. We work collaboratively with our partners to support product specifications, quality expectations, and brand standards.

Quality Control

We expect our manufacturing partners to operate in compliance with applicable FDA, USDA, and other regulatory requirements and to maintain food safety and quality certifications appropriate for the products manufactured. Our distribution partner is responsible for overseeing quality assurance processes, while we provide brand-level input regarding product standards and consumer expectations.

Sales Channels and Product Distribution

Sow Good-branded products are sold to retailers and distributors through our distribution partner. We do not sell products directly to retailers or consumers and do not maintain an e-commerce fulfillment operation. Products are distributed across conventional grocery, natural and specialty grocery, club, and convenience store channels, as well as other retail formats, depending on distribution partner relationships and market opportunities.

Sales and Marketing

We maintain a lean internal team focused on partner coordination. Our role is to support distribution efforts.

Competition

Sow Good competes in the freeze-dried candy and snack categories and, more broadly, within the packaged snack food market. Competition includes large multinational food companies, regional brands, and smaller specialty snack producers. Competitive factors include brand recognition, product differentiation, quality, price, innovation, distribution reach, and marketing effectiveness.

Culture, Employees and Human Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2025, we had a small team of employees primarily focused on executive management, finance, and partner coordination. We believe our culture emphasizes accountability and disciplined execution. Our human capital strategy is centered on retaining a lean, highly skilled workforce aligned with our asset-light business model.

We maintain TikTok, Instagram, and Facebook accounts under the username @thisissowgood. Our social media presence allows us to directly connect with our audience and field customer service requests.

Our Competition

Our brands primarily operate within the freeze dried candy and non-chocolate confections categories, but we also compete within the larger conventional packaged food category. The categories and markets we operate in are highly competitive and comprised of a diverse set of participants that include global multinational, national, regional, and local firms offering branded and/or private label products. Some of these competitors may have greater financial and other resources, longer operating histories, a broader assortment of product offerings, products that are well-accepted in the marketplace, more established relationships with retailers, and greater brand visibility among consumers.

Within the conventional packaged food category, our competitors include, but are not limited to, Nestlé S.A., The Hershey Company, Mars Inc., PepsiCo, Inc., Van Drunen Farms, Mondelēz International, Haribo. Within the freeze dried candy category, we believe our primary direct competitors are both larger companies, like Mars, Inc. or the Hershey Company, and smaller or local companies that have significantly lower production capacity, distribution and/or branding, and includes such firms such as Crazy Candy and Trendy Treats.

We believe the principal competitive factors for our business are taste, product quality, brand recognition and loyalty, price, convenience, product variety and innovation, customer service, access to retailer shelf-space, effectiveness of marketing and promotional activity, and the ability to respond to evolving customer preferences. While we believe we can compete favorably with respect to each of these factors, there is no guarantee that we will be able to compete effectively against our current or future competitors, particularly those with greater financial and market resources.

Culture, Employees and Human Capital Resources

Sow Good firmly believes that we can all plant positive seeds to sow a better version of ourselves, our communities, and our world. We plant our seeds by coming into work each day dedicated to creating delicious treats that enrich the lives of our customers, partners and employees. We believe that we are only as excellent as our employees, which is why we provide a living wage, an energizing working environment, full benefits, and stock options to every employee. We strive for nothing short of excellence because that is what our customers, employees, and environment deserve. We believe that our company culture has been and will continue to be a key contributor to the fulfillment of this commitment. Our culture enables us to foster the creativity, teamwork, focus, and innovation we need to support our growth.

As of December 31, 2025, we had 8 full-time employees. Currently, none of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. To date, we have never experienced an organized work stoppage, strike or labor dispute.

Our human resources objectives include, as applicable, identifying, recruiting, retaining, incentivizing and integrating our existing and additional employees. The principal purposes of our equity incentive plans are to attract, retain and motivate selected employees, consultants and directors through the granting of stock-based compensation awards and cash-based performance bonus awards.

Office Locations

We do not own any real property. Prior to December 30, 2025, our principal executive office and manufacturing facility was located in Irving, Texas, where we leased approximately 20,945 square feet of space under a lease agreement with an entity owned entirely by Ira Goldfarb, a related party. On December 31, 2025, concurrently with the sale of our manufacturing assets, the Company exited that lease.

As of December 31, 2025, we lease a 9,900 square feet warehouse facility located in Dallas, Texas which we use to receive, store, package, and distribute our products. We believe that these facilities are sufficient to meet our current needs.

Trademarks and Other Intellectual Property

Our intellectual property consists primarily of trademarks, trade names, trade dress, copyrights, domain names, and related brand assets associated with the Sow Good brand. We do not own any registered patents.

Our intellectual property is a strategically important component of our business and is central to our brand-focused, asset-light operating model. We believe our trademarks and trade dress are valuable assets that reinforce the distinctiveness of the Sow Good brand, support consumer recognition, and contribute to building long-term brand equity. We consider the “Sow Good” name and the “Sow Good” logo, together with related product and packaging marks, to be among our most important intellectual property assets. Our products are marketed and sold under the Sow Good brand pursuant to our contractual arrangements with our distribution and manufacturing partner.

As of December 31, 2025, we owned two U.S. trademark registrations and had six pending U.S. trademark applications. We also own the registered domain names www.thisissowgood.com and www.sowginc.com. The information contained on or accessed through our websites does not constitute part of this report.

In addition to registered intellectual property, we rely on proprietary brand concepts, product concepts, packaging designs, marketing content, and other creative materials that are protected, where applicable, by copyright and trade secret laws. We treat the confidential aspects of our brand strategy, product concepts, marketing plans, and commercial relationships as proprietary and take reasonable measures to maintain their confidentiality.

We no longer rely on proprietary manufacturing processes, equipment designs, or production-related trade secrets as part of our business model. Manufacturing and production activities are performed by third-party partners, and we rely on contractual protections to safeguard our intellectual property and brand standards in those arrangements.

While there is no active litigation involving our intellectual property, we may be required from time to time to enforce or defend our rights. For additional information regarding risks related to our intellectual property portfolio, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property, Information Technology, and Privacy.”

Security, Privacy and Data Protection

The regulatory environment surrounding information security and privacy is demanding, with the frequent imposition of new and changing requirements across our business. Various federal, state, and foreign legislative and regulatory bodies may expand current laws or regulations, enact new laws or regulations, or issue revised rules or guidance regarding privacy, data protection, information security, and consumer protection. We must comply with increasingly complex and rigorous laws and regulations regarding privacy and the collection, storage, use, processing, transfer, transmission, disclosure, and protection of personal and other data, which require us, among other things, to maintain reasonable and appropriate data security measures and to provide timely notice to individuals and regulators in the event that such personal information is compromised.

Earning and maintaining the trust of our customers, consumers, supply chain partners, employees, and securityholders is critical to the success and growth of our business, and we take significant measures to protect the privacy and security of their personal data and to comply with applicable laws. We have established and maintain an information security program, which is aligned with applicable standards and regulations, including Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (“PCI-DSS”). In November 2020, California voters passed the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”), which became fully effective on January 1, 2023. The CPRA imposed additional data privacy compliance requirements on companies covered by the legislation, including the expansion of consumers’ rights with respect to certain sensitive personal information. The CPRA also established a new regulatory agency dedicated to enforcing the requirements of the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”) and CPRA. The effects of the CCPA and CPRA may require us to continue to materially modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial compliance-related costs and expenses. We must also comply with laws on advertising, including the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (“TCPA”) the Telemarketing Sales Rule, and Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003 (“CAN-SPAM Act”).

Our team of professionals works to identify and mitigate risks, implement best practices, and continue to evaluate ways to improve our information security. These steps include data encryption in transit and at rest, network security, limiting and authorizing access controls, and multi-factor authentication for access to systems with data. We also employ regular system monitoring, logging, and alerting to retain and analyze the security state of our corporate and production infrastructure. In addition, we take appropriate steps to help ensure that appropriate security measures are maintained by the third-party vendors we use, including by conducting security reviews.

Government Regulation

The food industry is highly regulated. We and our suppliers are subject to extensive laws and regulations in the United States by federal, state, and local government authorities, or by federal, state, and local government authorities in other jurisdictions where they are located. These laws and regulations apply to many aspects of our business, including the manufacture, packaging, labeling, distribution, advertising, sale, quality, and safety of our products, as well as the health and safety of our employees and the protection of the environment.

Our business is subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”), and other federal, state, and local authorities in the United States, and any other jurisdictions in which we may manufacture or sell our products. Specifically, in the United States, we and our products are subject to the requirements of the FDA and regulations promulgated thereby. This comprehensive regulatory program governs the manufacturing, nutritional value, composition and ingredients, packaging, labeling, and safety of food. Under this program, the FDA requires that facilities that manufacture food products comply with a range of requirements, including hazard analysis and preventative controls regulations, GMPs, and supplier verification requirements. Our processing facilities are subject to periodic inspection by foreign, federal, state, and local authorities. For example, our Irving, Texas facility is subject to periodic inspections by the FDA and Occupational Safety and Health Administration to evaluate compliance with certain applicable requirements. We seek to comply with applicable laws and regulations through a combination of employing internal experience and expert personnel to monitor quality-assurance compliance, and we contract with third-party laboratories that conduct analyses of new products to establish nutrition labeling information and to help identify certain potential contaminants before distribution.

The FDA’s Foreign Supplier Verification Program requires that the U.S. owner or consignee of imported food take steps to verify that the foreign supplier of imported food is manufacturing the food in accordance with FDA requirements, that the importer understand what hazards the foreign supplier is controlling and how those hazards are controlled, and that this oversight program is documented. The regulation is being implemented using a tiered series of compliance dates based on the size of the U.S. importer and the foreign supplier. We have developed a program that we believe is in compliance with this regulation and are monitoring its ongoing implementation.

The FDA also requires that certain nutrition and product information appear on our product labels and, more generally, that our labels and labeling be truthful and not misleading. Similarly, the FTC requires that our marketing and advertising be truthful, not misleading, and not deceptive to consumers. We are also restricted from making certain types of claims about our products, including nutrient content claims, health claims, and claims regarding the effects of our products on any structure or function of the body, whether express or implied, unless we satisfy certain regulatory requirements and our representations are not misleading. Further, we must comply with additional laws impacting our advertising, including the TCPA, the Telemarketing Sales Rule, and the CAN-SPAM Act.

In addition to federal regulatory requirements in the United States, certain states impose their own manufacturing and labeling requirements. For example, every state in which our products are manufactured requires facility registration with the relevant state food safety agency, and those facilities are subject to state inspection as well as federal inspection. Further, states can impose state-specific labeling requirements, such as Proposition 65 in California.

We are currently subject to international laws and regulations where we manufacture our products, and to the extent we commence selling and distributing our products internationally, we will become subject to additional laws and regulations.

We are also subject to labor and employment laws, laws governing advertising, privacy laws, safety regulations, and other laws, including consumer protection regulations that regulate retailers or govern the promotion and sale of merchandise. Our operations, and those of our suppliers and any potential co-manufacturers, are also subject to various laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and worker health and safety matters.

Although we have implemented policies and procedures designed to comply with existing laws and regulations, we operate in a highly regulated environment with constantly evolving legal and regulatory frameworks. Consequently, we are subject to heightened risk of legal claims, government investigations, or other regulatory enforcement actions.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may be involved in various disputes and litigation matters that arise in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently engaged in any material legal proceedings.

Corporate Information

Sow Good Inc. (“SOWG,” “Sow Good,” “us,” “our,” “we,” or the “Company”) is a U.S.-based brand owner and commission-based distributor of freeze-dried candy and snack products. Following the sale of substantially all manufacturing and operating assets and the entry into a long-term Distribution Agreement, the Company no longer manufactures products and instead earns a fixed percentage of distributor gross receipts from sales of Sow Good-branded products.

Formerly Black Ridge Oil & Gas, Inc. (a business that participated in the acquisition and development of oil and gas leases and was acquired by the Company on October 1, 2020), the Company initially focused on the production of freeze-dried fruits and vegetables, later expanding into freeze-dried candy and other snacks prior to transitioning to its current asset-light operating model.

At the time of the acquisition of Black Ridge Oil & Gas, Inc., the Company’s common stock began to be quoted on the OTCQB under the trading symbol “SOWG,” from the former trading symbol “ANFC.” Prior to April 2, 2012, Black Ridge Oil & Gas was known as Ante5, Inc., a publicly traded company since July 1, 2010. Effective February 15, 2024, Sow Good Inc. reincorporated in the State of Delaware from the State of Nevada under the name Sow Good Inc. pursuant to a plan of conversion. On May 2, 2024, trading of the Company’s common stock commenced on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

Our principal executive offices are located at 1440 N. Union Bower Road, Irving, Texas 75061, and our telephone number is (214) 623-6055. Our website addresses are www.thisissowgood.com and www.sowginc.com. Information contained on, or accessible through, our websites is not incorporated by reference into this report, and you should not consider information on our websites to be part of this report.

Available Information – Reports to Security Holders

Our website addresses are www.thisissowgood.com and www.sowginc.com. We make available on our www.sowginc.com website, free of charge, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports after we electronically file those materials with, or furnish those materials to, the SEC, along with certain other materials. Electronic filings with the SEC are also available on the SEC internet website at www.sec.gov.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Summary Risk Factors

The risk factors described below are a summary of the principal risk factors associated with an investment in the Company. These are not the only risks we face. You should carefully consider these risk factors, together with the risk factors set forth in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the other reports and documents filed by us with the SEC.

Risks Related to Our Operating History, Financial Position and Capital Needs

We have a limited operating history in our current form and have incurred significant operating losses. As a result of continuing investments to support our brand and distribution strategy, we may not achieve or sustain profitability.

Sow Good commenced commercial sales of Sow Good-branded products in 2021 and expanded into freeze-dried candy and other snack categories in 2023. As a result of continued and accelerating declines of both our sales and the sales within the freeze dried candy category more broadly, in December 2025, we sold substantially all manufacturing and operating assets and entered into a long-term Distribution Agreement pursuant to which we transitioned to a commission-based, asset-light business model to pursue strategic alternatives. Under this model, we no longer manufacture products or own inventory and instead earn a fixed percentage of distributor gross receipts from sales of Sow Good-branded products.

Because this business model is relatively new, we have a limited operating history in our current form upon which to evaluate our performance, forecast future results, or assess the long-term sustainability of our operations. Our historical financial results were generated under a materially different vertically integrated manufacturing model and are not necessarily indicative of future results. This lack of operating history increases the uncertainty associated with our ability to accurately forecast revenues, expenses, cash flows, and working capital needs and to effectively plan our business.

Our future success depends on a number of factors, including the continued existence of the freeze dried candy category, our ability to find strategic alternatives in adjacent categories or other industries, our ability to build and maintain brand awareness, support product innovation, expand distribution through our distribution partner, and maintain productive relationships with third-party manufacturers and distributors. We must also effectively manage a lean corporate infrastructure while meeting the reporting, compliance, and governance obligations associated with being a public company. Our strategic priorities may need to evolve over time, and we may not be successful in adapting our strategy to changing market conditions, consumer preferences, or competitive dynamics.

In the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we incurred net losses from continuing operations of approximately $6.8 million and $11.8 million, respectively. We expect to continue to incur operating losses in the near term as we pursue strategic alternatives, invest in brand development, marketing, product support, personnel, and public company infrastructure. Even if we succeed in increasing gross receipts generated by sales of Sow Good-branded products, we may not be able to generate commission revenue in amounts sufficient to offset our operating expenses.

We cannot assure that we will achieve profitability in the foreseeable future whether through the continued sale of freeze dried candy or through strategic alternatives, or, if achieved, that we will be able to sustain profitability. Failure to do so could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and the trading price of our common stock.

We may need additional funding in order to fund our existing commercial operations, commercialize new products and grow our business.

To date, we have financed our operations through the sale of securities including public offerings and private placements of our equity, equity-linked and debt securities. We have devoted substantially all our financial resources and efforts to developing our products, workforce, and manufacturing capabilities. Our long-term growth and success are dependent upon the freeze dried candy category’s return to growth, our ability to find strategic alternatives, our ability ultimately to expand our manufacturing capacity and generate cash from operating activities. There is no assurance that we will be able to generate sufficient cash from operations or access the capital we need to grow our business. Our inability to obtain additional capital could have a material adverse effect on our ability to fully implement our business plan as described herein and grow our business, to a greater extent than we can with our existing financial resources.

If our available cash balances, net proceeds from anticipated offerings/or anticipated cash flow from operations are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements because of lower demand for our products or due to other risks described herein, we may seek to sell common stock or other securities, enter into an additional credit facility or seek another form of third-party funding, including debt financing. The amount of additional capital we may require, the timing of our capital needs and the availability of financing to fund those needs will depend on a number of factors, including our strategic initiatives and operating plans, the performance of our business and the market conditions for debt or equity financing. Although we believe various debt and equity financing alternatives will be available to us to support our working capital needs, financing arrangements on acceptable terms may not be available to us when needed. Additionally, these alternatives may require significant cash payments for interest and other costs or could be highly dilutive to our existing stockholders. Any such financing alternatives may not provide us with sufficient funds to meet our long-term capital requirements.

We may consider raising additional capital in the future to expand our business, to pursue strategic investments, to take advantage of financing opportunities or for other reasons, including to:

Our present and future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including:

The various ways we could raise additional capital carry potential risks. If we raise funds by issuing equity securities, dilution to our stockholders could result. Any equity securities issued also could provide for rights, preferences, or privileges senior to those of holders of shares of our common stock. If we raise funds by issuing debt securities, those debt securities would have rights, preferences, and privileges senior to those of holders of shares of our common stock. The terms of any debt securities issued or borrowings made pursuant to a credit agreement could impose significant restrictions on our operations. If we raise additional funds through collaborations and licensing arrangements, we might be required to relinquish significant rights or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us.

Our business depends substantially on the continuing efforts of our Distributors and their key personnel, including Ira and Claudia Goldfarb, and our business may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.

Our future success heavily depends on the continued service of our Distributor and their key employees, especially the continued contributions of Ira and Claudia Goldfarb, whose knowledge, leadership and technical expertise would be difficult to replace. Our executive officers or key personnel could terminate their employment with us at any time without penalty. In addition, we do not maintain key person life insurance policies on any of our employees. If one or more of our senior executives is unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in the present position, we may have to spend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating a replacement into our operations, which would substantially divert management’s attention from our business and severely disrupt our business. If one or more of our senior executives is unable or unwilling to continue to work for us in his or her present position, we may have to spend a considerable amount of time and resources searching, recruiting, and integrating a replacement into our operations, which would substantially divert management’s attention from our business and severely disrupt our business. This may also adversely affect our ability to execute our business strategy.

Our prior rapid growth has not been indicative of our future growth, and our limited operating history may make it difficult to assess our future viability.

Our revenues grew from approximately $88.4 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2021 to approximately $428.1 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2022 and approximately $16.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, reflecting the ramp of our former vertically integrated manufacturing and direct-sales model. We experienced significant declines in revenue during the third and fourth quarters of 2024 and throughout 2025 as we experience the impact of external competition and, in late 2025, the significant reduction in sales within the freeze dried candy category. For the year ended December 31, 2025, we reported $0.0 million of revenue from continuing operations as we exited the manufacturing and direct-sales business and transitioned to a commission-based distribution model in connection with the sale of substantially all operating assets and entry into a long-term Distribution Agreement.

Results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 have been reclassified on our Statement of Operations as either a gain or loss on discontinued operations, net of tax. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we reclassified a loss of $33.8 million and a gain of $8.1 million, respectively to discontinued operations.

Our historical revenue growth rates have not been indicative of future results. We initially saw a rapid rise in sales alongside the growth of the freeze dried candy category. However, those sales plummeted with the entry of larger candy companies into the freeze dried candy category and the subsequent substantial decline of the freeze dried candy category more broadly. Under our current business model, we expect future revenues to consist solely of commission revenue based on a fixed percentage of distributor gross receipts from sales of Sow Good-branded products, while we pursue strategic alternatives. If product sales through our distribution partner increase, we expect our commission revenue to increase accordingly; however, the absolute level and growth rate of such revenue will depend on factors outside of our direct control, including the performance and execution of our distribution partner and broader market conditions.

In addition, we may face increased competition from current or new competitors that may reduce our market share and thereby limit our growth. Since the initial commercialization of our freeze dried candy treats in March 2023, we have not yet demonstrated the ability to sustain growth over a long period of time or maintain profitability. Consequently, any predictions about our future success or viability may not be as accurate as they could be if we had a longer operating history or had previously achieved sustained profitability.

If we are unable to successfully manage new product launches, our business and financial results could be adversely affected.

Due to the highly competitive nature of our product sector and the overall reduction of sales therein, we expect and intend to continue to introduce new products and evolve existing products to better match consumer demand. The success of new and evolved products depends on a number of factors, including timely and successful development and consumer acceptance. Such endeavors may also involve significant risks and uncertainties, including distraction of management from current operations, greater than expected liabilities and expenses, inadequate return on capital, exposure to additional regulations and reliance on the performance of third-parties, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

The retail food and non-chocolate confectionary and freeze dried candy segments are highly competitive. If our competitors are more successful or offer better value to consumers, our business could decline.

We operate in a very competitive environment that is characterized by competition from a number of other retailers in the market in which we operate. We compete with large national and regional food retail companies, some of which have greater financial and operational resources than us, and with smaller local retailers, some of which may have lower administrative costs than us. We are at a competitive disadvantage relative to certain of our large national and regional competitors whose operations are more geographically diversified than ours.

Increased competition could hurt our business. The freeze dried candy category is fragmented and has seen a significant decline in sales during the fourth quarter of 2025, but remains very competitive. We have experienced a reduction in revenue due to the entrant of a significant competitor in 2024. New competitors may easily enter the freeze dried candy market on which we are focused. The competitors may offer an equivalent or superior product to that of the Company. We expect the number of companies offering products and services in our market segment to increase.

If we are unable to compete effectively in our markets, our business could decline disproportionately to our competitors, and our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. We can provide no assurance that we will be able to continue to compete successfully in any of our markets. Our inability to continue to compete successfully in any of our markets could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations.

We rely on Trea Grove, a sole supplier, for the manufacture and distribution of our treats, and our supply chain may be interrupted and prevent us from obtaining the necessary materials we need to operate.

On December 30, 2025, the Company sold substantially all of its manufacturing assets, including six proprietary freeze drying machines and other property and equipment with an aggregate net book value of approximately $10,793,563, to Trea Grove, a related party, for total consideration of $1.5 million. Concurrently, the Company entered into an exclusive Distribution Agreement with Trea Grove, pursuant to which Trea Grove serves as the exclusive worldwide distributor of Sow Good's remaining finished goods inventory, with the Company receiving 10% of gross receipts from customer sales. The Distribution Agreement has a term through July 31, 2026. We rely on Trea Grove to meet our high-quality standards and supply products in a timely and efficient manner. There is, however, no assurance that quality ingredients will continue to be available to Trea Grove to meet our specific and growing needs. This may be due to, among other reasons, problems with our suppliers’ and vendors’ businesses, finances, labor relations, ability to export or import materials, product quality issues, costs, production, insurance and reputation, as well as disease outbreaks or pandemics such as the COVID-19 pandemic, acts of war, terrorism, natural disasters, fires, earthquakes, flooding or other catastrophic occurrences. If for any reason our suppliers or vendors became unable or unwilling to continue to provide services to Trea Grove, this would likely lead to an interruption in our ability to import our products until we found another source that could provide these services. Failure to find a suitable replacement,

even on a temporary basis, would have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet our production targets, make it difficult to grow and would have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, three key suppliers, Shandong Richfield Foodstuffs Co LTD, Albanese and Jiangsu Shengifan Foodstuff accounted for approximately 77% of our total raw material and packaging purchases for our products. Additionally, neither of Trea Grove, no the Company has any contractual obligations for the continued supply of raw material and packaging from these key suppliers. As a result of this concentration in the supply chain for our products, our freeze-dried candy business and related operations would be negatively affected if any of these key suppliers of Trea Grove were to experience significant disruption affecting the price, quality, availability or timely delivery of their products. While we have not had supply chain disruptions to date, and believe that additional sources for our products' raw material and packaging, can be found. In the event that our supply from current suppliers is interrupted, our operations may be interrupted in the interim resulting in lost revenue, added costs such as, without limitation, shipping costs, and distribution delays that could harm our business and customer relationships until we are able to identify one or more alternative suppliers.

We have experienced a decline in revenues from the loss of significant customers which has adversely affected our results of operations and financial condition.

Our results of operations and financial condition have been and could continue to be adversely affected by the loss of significant customers or any significant reduction in revenue volumes from our significant customers, which has occurred in the past and could occur in the future. Certain of our significant customers entered into exclusivity agreements in 2024 with larger new market entrants that have significantly reduced our shelf space and revenue. If other customers enter into exclusivity arrangements with our competitors, or other factors occur limiting our shelf space with significant customers, our revenue will be further reduced. In addition, the freeze dried candy category has seen significant declines in sales, which has led to, and could further lead to, the loss of key customers.

Consumer preferences for our products, or for freeze dried candy generally have changed and could change rapidly, and, if we are unable to respond quickly to new trends, our business may be adversely affected.

Our business is focused in part on the development, manufacture, marketing, and sale of freeze dried treats. Consumer preferences, and therefore demand for our products have changed, and could further change rapidly as a result of a number of factors, including consumer demand for specific nutritional content, dietary habits, or restrictions, including perceptions regarding food quality, concerns regarding the health effects of certain ingredients or macronutrient ratios, shifts in preferences for product attributes, laws and regulations governing product claims, brand reputation and loyalty, and product pricing. Further, freeze dried candy as a market entrant is in its nascent stage and has not seen wide-spread acceptance. On the contrary, the freeze dried candy category has seen a significant decline in sales recently which has further negatively impacted our results of operations and financial condition. A continued shift in consumer demand away from our products, or towards competitive products, could limit our product sales, reduce our market share, and negatively impact our brand reputation, any of which could adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.

If we fail to grow the value and enhance the visibility of our brand, our business could suffer.

A key component of our business strategy involves maintaining the value and enhancing the visibility of our “Sow Good” brand. Our ability to maintain, position and enhance our brand will depend on a number of factors, including continued viability of the freeze dried candy category, the market acceptance of our current and future product offerings, the nutritional content of our products, food quality and safety, quality assurance, our advertising and marketing efforts, and our ability to build relationships with customers and consumers. Any negative publicity, regardless of its accuracy, could materially adversely affect our business. Brand value is often based on perceptions of subjective qualities, and any incident that erodes the loyalty of our customers, suppliers, or consumers, could significantly reduce the value of our brand and harm our business.

Any damage to our reputation or brand image could adversely affect our business or financial results.

Maintaining a good reputation is critical to our business. Our reputation or brand image has been affected by our product melting problems in 2024 and could be in the future adversely impacted by, among other things, any failure to maintain high ethical, social and environmental sustainability practices for our operations, the views of management and other stakeholders, our impact on the environment, public pressure from investors or policy groups to change our policies, consumer perceptions of our advertising campaigns, sponsorship arrangements or marketing programs, including opportunities we choose to forego due to management philosophy, consumer perceptions of our use of social media, or consumer perceptions of statements made by us, our employees and executives, agents or other third-parties. Negative publicity, including as a result of the social or political views of our management, employees, customers or vendors, or misconduct by our consumers, customers, vendors or employees, can also spread rapidly through social media. Should we not respond in a timely and appropriate manner to address negative publicity, our brand and reputation may be significantly harmed. Damage to our reputation or brand image or loss of consumer confidence in our products could adversely affect our business and financial results as well as require additional resources to rebuild or repair our reputation.

Fluctuations in various food and supply, transportation and shipping costs could adversely affect our operating results.

Supplies and prices of the ingredients that we are going to use to may be affected by a variety of factors, such as weather conditions (including the effects of climate change), natural disasters, seasonal fluctuations, demand, politics and economics in the production areas. These factors subject us to shortages or interruptions in product supplies, which could adversely affect our revenue and profits. These factors subject us to shortages or interruptions in product supplies, which could adversely affect our revenue and profits.

The price of candy, which is currently our main ingredient in our products, can be volatile. The candy of the quality our productions require tends to trade on a negotiated basis, depending on supply and demand at the time of the purchase. The fruit of the quality we seek tends to trade on a negotiated basis, depending on supply and demand at the time of the purchase. An increase in pricing of any candy that we are going to use in our products could have a significant adverse effect on the profitability of our products. An increase in pricing of any fruit that we are going to use in our products could have a significant adverse effect on our profitability. We cannot assure you that we or Trea Grove will be able to secure the candy supply for our treats. We cannot assure you that we will be able to secure our fruit supply.

In addition, the profitability of our products are affected by general inflationary pressures related to transportation and shipping costs, particularly to the extent we have additional retail sales and smaller order quantities. Such inflationary pressures could be passed on to the customer and could cause the price of our products to increase, which may impact the attractiveness of our freeze dried treats relative to other candy or snack options with cost sensitive consumers. We are also subject to a reduction in our profitability due to increased labor costs. As we look to expand our distribution and market, we may not be able to increase our sales prices to absorb these costs. We cannot provide assurances that we will be able to maintain profitability consistent with our goals.

In addition, our products use significant quantities of cardboard, film, and plastic to package our products. The costs of these products may also fluctuate based on a number of factors beyond our control, including changes in the competitive environment, availability of substitute materials, and macroeconomic conditions. Such cost increases could adversely affect our operating results.

We may not be able to protect our intellectual property and proprietary technology adequately, which may impact our commercial success.

We believe that our intellectual property has substantial value and has contributed significantly to the success of our business. We rely on a combination of copyrights, trademarks, trade dress, trade secrets, and trademarks laws, as well as confidentiality agreements and other contractual restrictions, to protect our intellectual property. However, these legal means afford only limited protection and may not adequately protect our intellectual property or permit us to gain or keep any competitive advantage.

Our trademarks, including our Sow Good logo, are valuable assets that reinforce our brand and consumers’ favorable perception of our products. We also rely on unpatented proprietary expertise, recipes and formulations, and other trade secrets and copyright protection to develop and maintain our competitive position. Our continued success depends in part upon our ability to protect and preserve our intellectual property.

Our confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, independent contractors and suppliers generally require that all information made known to them be kept strictly confidential. Nevertheless, trade secrets are difficult to protect. Our confidentiality agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of our proprietary information and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of such information. In addition, others may independently discover our trade secrets, in which case we would not be able to assert trade secret rights against such parties. Further, some of our manufacturing know-how and process had been implemented by or with our prior co-manufacturers. As a result, we may not be able to prevent others from using similar processes, which could adversely affect our business. In addition, we have not historically obtained confidentiality agreements or invention assignment agreements from all employees and consultants, which could impact our ability to protect our intellectual property and proprietary technology.

We cannot assure you that the steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property rights are adequate, that our intellectual property rights can be successfully defended and asserted in the future, or that third parties will not infringe upon or misappropriate any such rights. In addition, our trademark rights and related registrations may be challenged in the future and could be canceled or narrowed. Failure to protect our trademark rights could prevent us in the future from challenging third parties who use names and logos similar to our trademarks, which may in turn cause consumer confusion or negatively affect customers’ or consumers’ perception of our brand and products. In addition, if we do not keep our trade secrets confidential, others may produce products with our recipes or formulations. Moreover, intellectual property disputes and proceedings and infringement claims may result in a significant distraction for management and significant expense, which may not be recoverable regardless of whether we are successful. Such proceedings may be protracted with no certainty of success, and an adverse outcome could subject us to liability, force us to cease use of certain trademarks or other intellectual property, or force us to enter into licenses with others.

Third parties may initiate legal proceedings alleging that we are infringing or otherwise violating their intellectual property rights.

Our commercial success depends on our ability to develop and commercialize our products without infringing the intellectual property or proprietary rights of third parties. However, from time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business with respect to intellectual property. Intellectual property disputes can be costly to defend and may cause our business, operating results, and financial condition to suffer. Whether merited or not, we may face allegations that we or parties indemnified by us have infringed or otherwise violated the patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights of third parties. Such claims may be made by competitors seeking to obtain a competitive advantage or by other parties.

It may also be necessary for us to initiate litigation to defend ourselves in order to determine the scope, enforceability, and validity of third-party intellectual property or proprietary rights, or to establish our respective rights. Regardless of whether claims that we are infringing patents or other intellectual property rights have merit, such claims can be time-consuming, divert management’s attention and financial resources, and can be costly to evaluate and defend. Results of any such litigation are difficult to predict and may require us to stop commercializing or using our products, obtain licenses, modify our products while we develop non-infringing substitutes, or incur substantial damages, settlement costs, or face a temporary or permanent injunction prohibiting us from marketing or providing the affected products. If we require a third-party license, it may not be available on reasonable terms or at all, and we may have to pay substantial royalties, upfront fees, or grant cross-licenses to intellectual property rights for our products and solutions. We may also have to redesign our products so they do not infringe third-party intellectual property rights, which may not be possible or may require substantial monetary expenditures and time, during which our products may not be available for commercialization or use. Even if we have an agreement to indemnify us against such costs, the indemnifying party may be unable to uphold its contractual obligations. If we cannot or do not obtain a third-party license to the infringed intellectual property, license the intellectual property on reasonable terms, or obtain similar intellectual property from another source, our revenue and earnings could be adversely impacted.

Further, some third parties may be able to sustain the costs of complex litigation more effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources. And even if resolved in our favor, litigation or other legal proceedings relating to intellectual property claims may cause us to incur significant expenses and could distract our management personnel from their normal responsibilities. In addition, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions, or other interim proceedings or developments, and if securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a material adverse effect on the price of our common stock. Moreover, any uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of any legal proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our ability to raise the funds necessary to continue our operations. Assertions by third parties that we violate their intellectual property rights could therefore have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Food safety concerns and concerns about the health risk of our products may have an adverse effect on our business.

Food safety is a top priority for us, and we dedicate substantial resources to ensure that our customers enjoy safe and high-quality treats. However, foodborne illnesses and other food safety issues have occurred in the retail food industry in the past and could occur in the future. Also, our reliance on third-party food suppliers, distributors and food delivery aggregators increases the risk that foodborne illness incidents could be caused by factors outside of our control. A failure or perceived failure to meet our quality or safety standards, including product adulteration, contamination, or tampering, or allegations of mislabeling, whether actual or perceived, could occur in our operations, distributors or suppliers. This could result in time consuming and expensive production interruptions at Trea Grove (our sole supplier), negative publicity, the destruction of product inventory, the discontinuation of sales or our relationships with such distributors or suppliers, lost sales due to the unavailability of product for a period of time and higher-than-anticipated rates of returns of goods. The occurrence of health-related illnesses or other incidents related to the consumption of our products, including allergies, excessive consumption or death to a consumer, could also adversely affect the price and availability of affected ingredients, resulting in higher costs, disruptions in supply and a reduction in our sales.

Noncompliance with applicable food product quality and safety regulations can result in enforcement action by applicable regulatory agencies, including product recalls, market withdrawals, product seizures, warning letters, injunctions, or criminal or civil liability. Such incidents could also expose us to product liability, negligence or other lawsuits, including consumer class action lawsuits. Any claims brought against us may exceed or be outside the scope of our existing or future insurance policy coverage or limits. Any judgment against us that is more than our policy limits or not covered by our policies or not subject to insurance would have to be paid by us, which would affect our results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, negative publicity also could be generated from false, unfounded or nominal liability claims or limited recalls. The occurrence of foodborne illnesses or food safety issues could also adversely affect the price and availability of affected ingredients, which could result in disruptions in our supply chain, significantly increase costs and/or lower margins for us.

In addition, there is increasing consumer awareness of, and increased media coverage on, the alleged adverse health impacts of consumption of various food products globally. Our products contain fats, sugar and other compounds and allergens, the health effects of which are the subject of public scrutiny, including the suggestion that excessive consumption of sugar and other compounds can lead to a variety of adverse health effects. An unfavorable report on the health effects of certain compounds present in our products, or negative publicity or litigation arising from other health risks such as obesity, could significantly reduce the demand for our products. Additionally, there may be new laws and regulations that could impact the ingredients and nutritional content of our product offerings, or laws and

regulations requiring us to disclose the nutritional content of our product offerings or otherwise restrict sales of our treats. A decrease in consumer traffic as a result of these health concerns, laws or regulations or negative publicity could materially and adversely affect our business.

Product liability exposure may subject us to significant liability. Product liability exposure may expose us to significant liability.

We may face an inherent business risk of exposure to product liability and other claims and lawsuits in the event that the development or use of our technology or prospective products is alleged to have resulted in adverse effects. We may face an inherent business risk of exposure to product liability and other claims and lawsuits in the event that the development or use of our technology or prospective products is alleged to have resulted in adverse effects. The sale of products for human use and consumption involves the risk of injury or illness to consumers. Such injuries may result from inadvertent mislabeling, tampering by unauthorized third parties or product contamination or spoilage. Under certain circumstances, we may be required to recall or withdraw products, suspend production of our products, or cease operations, which may lead to a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, customers may stop placing or cancel orders for such products as a result of such events.

Even if a situation does not necessitate a recall or market withdrawal, product liability claims might be asserted against us. While we are subject to governmental inspection and regulations and believe our facilities and those of our co-manufacturers and suppliers comply in all material respects with all applicable laws and regulations, if the consumption of any of our products causes, or is alleged to have caused, a health-related illness or death to a consumer, we may become subject to claims or lawsuits relating to such matters. Even if a product liability claim is unsuccessful or is not fully pursued, the negative publicity surrounding any assertion that our products caused illness or physical harm could cause consumers to lose confidence in the safety and quality of our products. Moreover, claims or liabilities of this type might not be covered by our insurance or by any rights of indemnity or contribution that we may have against others. Although we maintain product liability and product recall insurance in an amount that we believe to be consistent with market practice, we cannot be sure that we will not incur claims or liabilities for which we are not insured or that exceed the amount of our insurance coverage. A product liability judgment against us or a product recall could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

We have no control over our products once purchased by consumers. Accordingly, consumers may store or prepare our products in a manner that is inconsistent with our directions or store our products for longer than approved periods of time, which may adversely affect the quality and safety of our products.

Although we believe our insurance coverage to be adequate and consistent with industry practice, we may not have sufficient insurance coverage, and we may not be able to obtain sufficient coverage at a reasonable cost. An inability to obtain product liability insurance at acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit the commercialization of our products. Further, any claim under our insurance policies may be subject to certain exceptions, may not be honored fully, in a timely manner, or at all, and we may not have purchased sufficient insurance to cover all losses incurred. If we were to incur substantial liabilities or if our business operations were interrupted for a substantial period, we could incur costs and suffer losses. Inventory, equipment, and business interruption losses may not be covered by our insurance policies. Additionally, insurance coverage may not be available to us at commercially acceptable premiums in the future, or at all.

Overall, we may not be able to avoid significant product liability exposure. A product liability claim could hurt our financial performance. Even if we ultimately avoid financial liability for this type of exposure, we may incur significant costs in defending ourselves that could hurt our financial performance and condition.

Our customers are not obligated to continue purchasing products from us.

Most of our customers are retailers or distributors that buy from us under purchase orders, and we generally do not have long-term agreements with or commitments from these customers for the purchase of products. We cannot provide assurance that our customers will maintain or increase their sales volumes or orders for the products supplied by us or that we will be able to maintain or add to our existing customer base. Decreases in our customers’ sales volumes or orders for products supplied by us may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Any failure to adequately store, maintain and deliver our products could materially adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition, and operating results.

Our ability to adequately store, maintain, and deliver our products is critical to our business. Keeping our food products at specific temperatures and humidity levels maintains food safety and quality. For example, in 2024, our products suffered a melting issue during shipment that resulted in a loss of sales and additional costs related to remediation. In the event of extended power outages, labor disruptions, natural disasters or other catastrophic occurrences, including extreme heat, failures of the refrigeration systems in our third-party delivery trucks, or other circumstances, our inability to store inventory at appropriate temperatures and low humidity could result in significant product inventory losses, as well as increased risk of food-borne illnesses and other food safety incidents. Improper handling or storage of food by a customer, without any involvement or fault of ours or our retail customers, could result in food-borne illnesses,

which could result in negative publicity and harm to our brand and reputation. Any failure to adequately store, maintain, or transport our products could negatively impact the safety, quality and merchantability of our products and the experience of our customers. The occurrence of any of these risks could materially adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition, and operating results.

Failure to manage inventory at optimal levels could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are required to manage a large volume of inventory of products effectively for our business. We depend on our forecasts for the anticipated demand for our products to make procurement plans and manage our inventory. Our forecast for demand, however, may not accurately reflect the actual market demands, which depends on a number of factors including, without limitation, launches of new products, changes in product life cycles and pricing, product defects, changes in consumer spending patterns, supplier back orders and other supplier-related issues, distributors’ and retailers’ procurement plans, as well as the volatile economic environment in the markets where we sell our products. In addition, when we launch a new product with new components or raw material, it may be difficult to establish relationships, determine appropriate raw material and product selection, and accurately forecast market demand for such product. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain proper inventory levels for our business at all times, and any such failure may have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Inventory levels in excess of distributor and/or consumer demand may result in inventory write-downs or an increase in inventory holding costs and a potential negative effect on our liquidity. As we plan to continue expanding our product offerings, we expect to include more products in our inventory, which will make it more challenging for us to manage our inventory effectively and will put more pressure on our storing system. If we fail to manage our inventory effectively, we may be subject to a heightened risk of inventory obsolescence, a decline in inventory values, and significant inventory write-downs or write-offs. For example, with the loss of certain significant customers and the reduction in sales related to the heat related product damage in late 2024, our inventory levels based on our growth rate at the beginning of 2024 increased significantly, resulting in write-downs and negatively impacted our financial position. In addition, we may be required to lower sale prices in order to reduce inventory level, which may lead to lower gross margins. High inventory levels may also require us to commit substantial capital resources, preventing us from using that capital for other important purposes. Any of the above may materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Conversely, if we underestimate distributor or consumer demand, or if our supplier fails to provide products to us in a timely manner, we may experience inventory shortages, which may, in turn, require us to purchase our products at higher costs, result in unfulfilled product orders, leading to a negative impact on our financial condition and our relationships with distributors or consumers. Under-stocking can lead to missed sales opportunities, while over-stocking could result in inventory depreciation and decreased shelf space for products that are in higher demand. These results could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Information security events, or real or perceived errors, failures, or bugs in our systems; other technology disruptions; or failure to comply with laws and regulations relating to information security could negatively impact our business, our reputation and our relationships with customers.

Our continued success depends in part on our systems, applications, and software continuing to operate to meet our business demands. We rely on information technology systems and infrastructure for substantially all aspects of our business operations. We use mobile applications, social networking, and other online activities to connect with our customers, consumers, suppliers, and employees. Our business involves the storage and transmission of confidential information and intellectual property, including information pertaining to customers, consumers, vendors, distributors, and suppliers, and employees. We also may maintain financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. Further, as we pursue new initiatives that enhance our operations and cost structure, potentially including acquisitions, we may also be required to expand and improve our information technologies, resulting in a larger technological presence and corresponding exposure to cybersecurity risk. Like all technology and information systems, such use gives rise to cybersecurity risks, including security incidents, espionage, system disruption through material errors, failures, vulnerabilities, or bugs, particularly when new features or capabilities are released, theft, and inadvertent release of information. Our technology and information systems may be subject to computer viruses or malicious code, break-ins, phishing impersonation attacks, attempts to overload our servers with denial-of-service or other attacks, ransomware, and similar incidents or disruptions from unauthorized access or use of our computer systems, as well as unintentional incidents causing data leakage, any of which could lead to interruptions, delays, or website or mobile app shutdowns. Electronic security attacks designed to gain access to personal, sensitive, or confidential data are constantly evolving, and such attacks continue to grow in sophistication. If we fail to assess and identify cybersecurity risks associated with new initiatives or acquisitions, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks.

While we have implemented measures designed to prevent security incidents and cyber attacks, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be effective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, misuse, or release of sensitive or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with our information technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, reputational harm, violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, and liability, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Additionally, as a

result of a security incident, we could be subject to demands, claims, and litigation by private parties and investigations, related actions, and penalties by regulatory authorities. Moreover, we could incur significant costs in notifying affected persons and entities and otherwise complying with the multitude of laws and regulations relating to the unauthorized access to, or acquisition, use, or disclosure of personal information.

Further, our operations depend on the continuing and efficient operation of our information technology, communications systems and infrastructure, and on cloud-based platforms, including platforms operated by vendors. Any of these systems and infrastructure are vulnerable to damage or interruption from earthquakes, vandalism, sabotage, terrorist attacks, floods, fires, power outages, telecommunications failures, computer viruses or other deliberate attempts to harm the systems. The occurrence of a natural or intentional disaster, any decision to close a facility we are using without adequate notice, or particularly an unanticipated problem at a cloud- based virtual server facility, could result in harmful interruptions in our service, resulting in adverse effects to our business. Although we have invested in the protection of data and information technology, there can be no assurances that our efforts will protect us against significant breakdowns, breaches in our systems, or other cyber incidents that could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, operations, or financial condition of the company.

Our collection, use, and disclosure of information, including personal information, is subject to federal, state and foreign privacy and security regulations and binding industry standards; new or changed regulations could impose significant costs to our operation and failure to comply with those regulations or to adequately secure the information we hold could result in significant liability or reputational harm.

We are subject to numerous federal, state and local rules and regulations relating to the collection, processing, storing, sharing, disclosure, use, and security of personal information and other data. We also are or may in the future be subject to contractual obligations to protect data. We strive to comply with applicable laws, contractual obligations, and our own policies pertaining to the processing of personal information. Nevertheless, such laws, regulations, and other obligations may require us to change our business practices and may negatively impact our ability to expand our business and pursue business opportunities. We may incur significant expenses to comply with the laws, regulations, and other obligations that apply to us. Additionally, the privacy- and data protection-related laws, rules, and regulations applicable to us may be interpreted and applied in new ways or in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other rules or our practices. Further, new laws, rules, and regulations could be enacted with which we are not familiar or with which our practices do not comply.

Several U.S. jurisdictions have passed omnibus privacy laws that apply to us now or may apply in the future as we grow and expand, and other jurisdictions are considering imposing additional restrictions. Examples include the California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”), as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act (collectively, “CPRA”). Since the passage of the CCPA, more than ten (10) U.S. states have enacted omnibus privacy laws, which will go into effect at varying dates through 2026. The CCPA and other state omnibus laws provide consumers with substantial rights over their personal information, impose notice obligations on companies, and require companies to implement programs to manage such rights. As Company operates in the business-to-business space, Company will not be directly subject to the majority of the enacted state omnibus privacy laws. Nonetheless, to the extent that certain of these laws are applicable to us, and to the extent that other states enact laws in the future that are or may be applicable to us, we will need to expend resources to evaluate such regulations and implement compliance solutions. If we engage in email marketing or certain telemarketing activities, we will be subject to issue-specific laws pertaining to the use of information, including laws on marketing and advertising, such as the Telephone Consumer Protection Act and the Telemarketing Sales Rule and the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003, and their state counterparts.

Further, if our operations bring us into the scope of non-U.S. privacy and data protection regulations, we may be subject to additional privacy and data protection regulations, which may require us to spend resources to comply with such programs and expose us to risk for any actual or perceived failure to comply.

We also are or may be subject to binding industry standards, including the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (“PCI-DSS”), due to our acceptance of payment cards. If we or our payment processors fail to comply with the PCI-DSS, we may incur significant fines or liability and lose access to major payment card systems. Industry groups may in the future adopt additional self-regulatory standards by which we are legally or contractually bound.

Compliance with these and any other applicable privacy and data security laws and regulations is a rigorous and time-intensive process, and we may be required to put in place additional mechanisms ensuring compliance with the new data protection rules. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with privacy or data protection laws, policies, or industry standards or any security incident that results in the unauthorized release of personal information may result in governmental enforcement actions and investigations, fines and penalties, litigation and/or adverse publicity, including by consumer advocacy groups, and could cause our customers to lose trust in us, which could have an adverse effect on our reputation and business. Such failures could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operations. If the third parties we work with violate applicable laws, contractual obligations or suffer a security incident,

such violations may also put us in breach of our obligations under privacy laws and regulations and/or could in turn have a material adverse effect on our business.

Risks Related to the Regulatory Environment

Our operations are subject to regulation by the FDA and other federal, state, and local authorities in the U.S., and in any other jurisdictions in which we may sell our products, and there is no assurance that we will be in compliance with all laws and regulations.

Our operations are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA, and other federal, state, and local authorities in the U.S. and in any other jurisdictions in which we may sell our products. Specifically, for products manufactured or sold in the U.S., we are subject to the requirements of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (“FDCA”) and regulations promulgated thereunder by the FDA. This comprehensive regulatory program governs, among other things, the manufacturing, ingredients, packaging, labeling, and safety of food. Under this program, the FDA requires that facilities that manufacture food products comply with a range of requirements, including hazard analysis and preventative controls regulations, current good manufacturing practices (“GMPs”), and supplier verification requirements. If our products are not manufactured, processed, packaged and labeled in conformity with our specifications and the strict regulatory requirements of the FDA or other regulatory authorities, we may be subject to adverse inspectional findings or enforcement actions, which could materially impact our ability to market our products or result in a recall of our product, that have already been distributed. If the FDA or another regulatory authority determines that we or our suppliers or other business partners have not complied with applicable regulatory requirements, our business may be adversely impacted.

We seek to comply with applicable laws and regulations through expert personnel with experience to ensure quality-assurance compliance and contracting with third-party laboratories that conduct analyses of new products to establish nutrition labeling information and to help identify certain potential contaminants before distribution. Our existing compliance structures may be insufficient to address the current or changing regulatory environment. This may result in gaps in compliance coverage or the omission of necessary new compliance activity. The failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, or maintain permits, licenses, or registrations relating to our or their operations, could subject us to civil remedies or penalties, including fines, injunctions, product recalls, warning letters, or restrictions on the marketing or manufacturing of products, as well as potential criminal sanctions, any of which could result in increased operating costs and reputational harm. In addition, changes to laws, regulations, or policies applicable to foods could leave us vulnerable to adverse governmental action and materially adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Even inadvertent, non-negligent or unknowing violations of federal, state, or local regulatory requirements could expose us to adverse governmental action and materially adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.

The FDCA, which governs the shipment of foods in interstate commerce, generally does not distinguish between intentional and unknowing, non-negligent violations of the law’s requirements. Most state and local laws operate similarly. Consequently, almost any deviation from subjective or objective requirements of the FDCA, or applicable state or local laws, leaves us vulnerable to a variety of administrative actions, enforcement actions, and/or civil and criminal penalties. Failure to comply with laws and regulations could materially adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

If we fail to comply with the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, our common stock may be delisted and the price of our common stock and our ability to access the capital markets could be negatively impacted.

Our common stock is currently listed for trading on Nasdaq. We must satisfy Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements. A delisting of our common stock from Nasdaq could materially reduce the liquidity of our common stock and result in a corresponding material reduction in the price of our common stock. In addition, delisting could harm our ability to raise capital through alternative financing sources on terms acceptable to us, or at all, and may result in the potential loss of confidence by investors, suppliers, customers and employees and fewer business development opportunities.

We have in the past, and may in the future, be unable to comply with certain of the listing standards that we are required to meet to maintain the listing of our common shares on Nasdaq. For example, on May 14, 2025, we received a letter from the Staff indicating that, based upon the closing bid price of our common stock for the 30 consecutive business days, we did not meet the minimum bid price of $1.00 per share required for continued listing on Nasdaq pursuant to the Minimum Bid Price Rule. The letter also indicated that we will be provided with a compliance period of 180 calendar days, or until November 10, 2025, in which to regain compliance pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A). On November 11, 2025, Nasdaq subsequently issued a letter providing us with an additional 180 day compliance period, or until May 11, 2026 to regain compliance.

In order to regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Rule, our common stock must maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 for at least ten consecutive business days during the Minimum Bid Price Compliance Period. However, if it appears to Nasdaq that

we will be unable to cure the deficiency, Nasdaq will provide notice that our common stock will be subject to delisting. There can be no assurance that the Nasdaq staff would grant our request for continued listing subsequent to any delisting notification. In the event of such a notification, we may appeal the Staff’s determination to delist its securities.

There is no assurance that we will regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement or maintain compliance with the minimum listing requirements with all applicable requirements for continued listing on Nasdaq. If our common stock were delisted from Nasdaq, trading of our common stock would most likely take place on an over-the-counter market established for unlisted securities, such as the OTCQB or the Pink Market maintained by OTC Markets Group Inc. An investor would likely find it less convenient to sell, or to obtain accurate quotations in seeking to buy, our common stock on an over-the-counter market, and many investors would likely not buy or sell our common stock due to difficulty in accessing over-the-counter markets, policies preventing them from trading in securities not listed on a national exchange or other reasons. In addition, as a delisted security, our common stock would be subject to SEC rules as a “penny stock,” which impose additional disclosure requirements on broker-dealers. The regulations relating to penny stocks, coupled with the typically higher cost per trade to the investor of penny stocks due to factors such as broker commissions generally representing a higher percentage of the price of a penny stock than of a higher-priced stock, would further limit the ability of investors to trade in our common stock. In addition, delisting could harm our ability to raise capital through alternative financing sources on terms acceptable to us, or at all, and may result in the potential loss of confidence by investors, suppliers, customers and employees and fewer business development opportunities. For these reasons and others, delisting would adversely affect the liquidity, trading volume and price of our common stock, causing the value of an investment in us to decrease and having an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, including our ability to attract and retain qualified employees and to raise capital.

The market price of our common stock has been, and is likely to continue to be, highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations.

The market price of our common stock is likely to continue to be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including but not limited to:

These and other factors are largely beyond our control, and the impact of these risks, singly or in the aggregate, may result in material adverse changes to the market price of our common stock and our results of operations and financial condition.

Further, the stock markets have experienced price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the trading prices of equity securities of many companies. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations may negatively impact the trading price of our common stock.

In the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the trading of their securities have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, which could harm our business.

We have never paid dividends on our common stock and we do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We have never declared or paid any dividends on our common stock and do not intend to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. We anticipate that we will retain all of our future earnings if any, to service debt, fund growth, develop our business, fund working capital needs, and for general corporate purposes. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors and in accordance with applicable state law. Accordingly, investors should rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment in our common stock.

Future sales and issuances of our common stock, or securities convertible into or exercisable for our common stock, including pursuant to our equity incentive plans, could result in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our stockholders and could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline.

In the future, we may sell shares of our common stock, or securities convertible into or exercisable for our common stock, in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. For example, we issued 1,500,000 shares of Series AA Preferred Stock in the Private Placement, and we intend to consummate the sale of 1,500,000 shares of our Series AAA Preferred Stock in March 2026. The conversion of the Series AA Preferred Stock and/or the Series AAA Preferred Stock would result in substantial dilution to the percentage of ownership a holder of our common stock holds prior to any such conversion. We also expect to issue additional shares of our common stock to directors, officers, employees, and consultants pursuant to our equity incentive plans. If we sell shares of our common stock, or securities convertible into or exercisable for our common stock, in subsequent transactions, or if shares of our common stock are issued pursuant to our equity incentive plans, investors may be materially diluted. In addition, new investors in such subsequent transactions could receive securities with rights senior to those of holders of our common stock.

We are a “smaller reporting company,” and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies may make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are a “smaller reporting company” under applicable SEC rules, meaning that the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700.0 million and our annual revenue was less than $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company if either (i) the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250.0 million, or (ii) our annual revenue was less than $100.0 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates was less than $700.0 million. As a smaller reporting company, we have chosen to present only the two most recent years of audited financial statements and only two years of related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations disclosure in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and we have taken advantage of reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation.

Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated and may in the future fluctuate significantly, period-to-period comparisons of our results may not be meaningful, and these fluctuations may cause the price of our common stock to decline.

Our quarterly results, including our revenues, operating expenses, operating margins, and profitability, may fluctuate significantly in the future, and period-to-period comparisons of our results may not be meaningful. Accordingly, the results of any one quarter should not be viewed as a prediction or indication of our future performance. In addition, our quarterly results may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business.

Factors that may cause fluctuations in our quarterly results include, but are not limited to:

Fluctuations in quarterly results, or for any other period, may negatively impact the value of our common stock, regardless of whether they impact or reflect the overall performance of our business. If one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results may vary materially from those expected or projected. If our quarterly results, or results for any other period, fall below the expectations of investors or any securities analysts who follow our stock, or below any guidance we may provide, the trading price of our common stock could decline substantially.

Risks Related to Accounting and Tax Matters

Changes in tax laws or regulations that are applied adversely to us in the various tax jurisdictions to which we are subject could increase the costs of our products and harm our operating results.

New income, sales, use, or other tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances could be enacted at any time. Those enactments could harm our business, operating results, and financial condition. Further, existing tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances could be interpreted, changed, modified, or applied adversely to us. These events could require us to pay additional tax amounts on a prospective or retroactive basis, as well as require us to pay fines, and penalties, and interest for past amounts deemed to be due, any of which would harm our operating results.

Changes in existing financial accounting standards or practices may require us to restate our reported financial results or harm our operating results.

GAAP is subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the SEC and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect

on our reported financial results and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement of a change. Adoption of such new standards and any difficulties in the implementation of changes in accounting principles, including the ability to modify our accounting systems, could cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations, which could lead to regulatory enforcement actions, cause investors to lose confidence in our financial reports, and result in a decline in the trading price of our common stock.

General Risks

A worsening of economic conditions or a decrease in consumer spending may adversely impact our ability to implement our business strategy.

Our success depends to a significant extent on discretionary consumer spending, which is influenced by general economic conditions and the availability of discretionary income. Our success depends to a significant extent on discretionary consumer spending, which is influenced by general economic conditions and the availability of discretionary income. There is no certainty regarding economic conditions in the United States, and credit and financial markets and confidence in economic conditions could deteriorate at any time. Accordingly, we may experience declines in revenue during economic turmoil or during periods of uncertainty. In addition, sustained periods of inflation may result in a decline in the amount of discretionary spending and otherwise hamper our gross margins. Future economic conditions such as employment levels, business conditions, housing starts, interest rates, inflation rates, energy and fuel costs and tax rates could reduce consumer spending or change consumer purchasing habits. Any material decline in the amount of discretionary spending, leading cost-conscious consumers to be more selective in food products purchased, could have a material adverse effect on our revenue, results of operations, business and financial condition.

Global climate change, severe weather patterns and natural disasters may negatively affect our business, operating results, financial condition, cash flows and prospects.

We are subject to risks associated with the long-term effects of climate change on the global economy and on our industry in particular. Extreme weather and natural disasters that occur around the globe, such as drought, extreme heat and heat waves, wildfires, storms, changes in ocean currents and flooding, could make it more difficult and costly for us to manufacture and deliver our products to our customers, obtain raw materials from our suppliers, or perform other critical corporate functions.

Adverse weather conditions and natural disasters could increase our costs of storing and transporting our inventory or disrupt production schedules. Our manufacturing operations also could be adversely affected by reduced water availability resulting from droughts or other interruptions from acute and chronic physical climate events due to climate change, including droughts, heat waves, freezing temperatures, changing precipitation patterns and heat stress. There is a global concern that carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere may have an adverse effect on global temperatures, weather patterns and the frequency and severity of natural disasters. The impact of a natural disaster such as an earthquake, tsunami, tornado, flood, wildfire, drought or other natural disaster or severe weather event at any of our facilities on our overall operations is difficult to predict, but such a natural disaster or severe weather event could seriously disrupt our entire business and lead to substantial losses.

The failure to successfully integrate newly acquired products or businesses could negatively impact our profitability.

From time to time, we may consider opportunities to acquire other products or businesses that may expand the breadth of our markets or customer base. The success of future acquisitions will be dependent upon our ability to effectively integrate the acquired products and operations into our business. Integration can be complex, expensive and time-consuming. The failure to successfully integrate acquired products or businesses in a timely and cost-effective manner could materially adversely affect our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition. The diversion of our management’s attention and any difficulties encountered in any integration process could also have a material adverse effect on our ability to manage our business. In addition, the integration process could result in the loss of key employees, the disruption of ongoing businesses, tax costs or inefficiencies, or inconsistencies in standards, any of which could adversely affect our ability to maintain the appeal of our brand and our relationships with customers, employees or other third parties or our ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of such acquisitions and could harm our financial performance. We do not know if we will be able to identify acquisitions we deem suitable, whether we will be able to successfully complete any such acquisitions on favorable terms or at all, or whether we will be able to successfully integrate any acquired products or businesses. Additionally, an additional risk inherent in any acquisition is that we fail to realize a positive return on our investment.

Claims, legal proceedings, and other disputes could divert our management’s attention, have a negative impact on our reputation, expose us to significant liabilities, and make it more difficult to obtain insurance coverage.

From time to time, we may be party to various claims, legal proceedings, and other disputes. We evaluate these matters to assess the likelihood of unfavorable outcomes and to estimate, if possible, the amount of potential losses. Based on these assessments and estimates, we may establish reserves, as appropriate. These assessments and estimates are based on the information available to management at the time and involve a significant amount of management judgment. Actual outcomes or losses may differ materially from our assessments and estimates.

Even when not merited, the defense of legal proceedings may divert our management’s attention, and we may incur significant expenses in defending these matters. The results of legal proceedings are inherently uncertain, and adverse judgments or settlements in some of these proceedings may result in adverse monetary damages, penalties, or injunctive relief against us, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, and liquidity. Any legal proceedings or other disputes, even if fully indemnified or insured, could have a negative impact on our reputation, and make it more difficult to compete effectively or to obtain adequate insurance in the future.

Further, while we maintain insurance for certain potential liabilities, such insurance does not cover all types and amounts of potential liabilities and is subject to various exclusions and caps on amounts recoverable. Even if we believe a claim is covered by insurance, insurers may dispute our entitlement to recovery for a variety of potential reasons, which may affect the timing and amount of our recovery.

Our disclosure controls and procedures may not prevent or detect all errors or acts of fraud.

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. We believe that any disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by an unauthorized override of the controls. Accordingly, because of the inherent limitations in our control system, misstatements or insufficient disclosures due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

ITEM 1B. ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.