If significant risks and uncertainties occur, or if our estimates or underlying assumptions prove inaccurate, actual results could differ materially. You are urged to consider all such risks and uncertainties. In light of the uncertainty inherent in such forward-looking statements, you should not consider their inclusion to be a representation that such forward-looking matters will be achieved.

Additional information concerning the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements is contained in Item 1. “Business”, Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) which are available on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. We undertake no obligation to publicly revise any forward-looking statements or cautionary factors, except as required by law.

PART I

Item 1. Business.

General Development of Business

Wright Investors’ Service Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”, “Wright Holdings”, “we” or “us”) was incorporated on March 10, 1998. The Company’s common stock is quoted on the OTC Pink Sheets and is traded under the symbol “iWSH”.

The Company currently has a substantial portion of its assets consisting of cash and cash equivalents and investments in U.S. Treasury Bills and mutual funds.

Description of the Business of the Company

The Company has no or nominal operations. As a result, the Company is a “shell company”, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. As a shell company, its stockholders will be unable to utilize Rule 144 of the Securities Act, or Rule 144 to sell “restricted stock” as defined in Rule 144 or otherwise use Rule 144 to sell stock of the Company, and the Company would be ineligible to utilize registration statements on Form S-3 or Form S-8 for so long as the Company remains a shell company and other things, as a consequence, the offering, issuance and sale of its securities is likely to be more expensive and time consuming and may make the Company’s securities less attractive to investors. As a shell company, our stockholders will be unable to utilize Rule 144 of the Securities Act, or Rule 144 to sell “restricted stock” as defined in Rule 144 or otherwise use Rule 144 to sell stock of the Company, and we would be ineligible to utilize registration statements on Form S-3 or Form S-8 for so long as we remain a shell company and for 12 months thereafter.

The Company is not engaged in the business of investing, reinvesting, or trading in securities, and it does not hold itself out as being engaged in those activities. However, under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”), a company may fall within the scope of being an “inadvertent investment company” under section 3(a)(1)(C) of such Act if the value of the Company’s investment securities (as defined in the Investment Company Act) is more than 40% of the Company’s total assets (exclusive of government securities, and cash and certain cash equivalents). However, under the Investment Company Act, a company may fall within the scope of being an “inadvertent investment company” under section 3(a)(1)(C) of such Act if the value of its investment securities (as defined in the Investment Company Act) is more than 40% of its total assets (exclusive of government securities and cash and certain cash equivalents).

The Company intends to evaluate and explore all available strategic options. The Company will continue to work to maximize stockholder value. We will continue to work to maximize stockholder value. Such strategic options may include acquisition of an investment advisory business, acquisition of a financial services business, creating partnerships or joint ventures for those or other businesses and investing in other businesses that provide attractive opportunities for growth. The directors will also consider alternatives for distributing some or all of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents. The directors will also consider alternatives for distributing some or all of the proceeds to stockholders. Until such time as a decision is made as to how its liquid assets are so deployed, the Company intends to invest its liquid assets in high-grade, short-term investments consistent with the preservation of principal, maintenance of liquidity and avoidance of speculation.

See “Risk Factors” “The Company may be classified as an inadvertent investment company…” and “The Company is a shell company under the federal securities laws.”

Employees

The Company has 2 full-time employees as of December 31, 2023.

Connecticut Property

The Company has interests in land and certain flowage rights in undeveloped property (the “properties”) primarily located in Killingly, Connecticut. The properties were fully impaired as of December 31, 2018.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider the following risk factors relating to our business and the additional information in our other reports that we file with the SEC.

The Company may be classified as an inadvertent investment company if we acquire investment securities in excess of 40% of our total assets.

The Company is not engaged in the business of investing, reinvesting, or trading in securities, and we do not hold ourselves out as being engaged in those activities. However, under the Investment Company Act, a company may fall within the scope of being an “inadvertent investment company” under section 3(a)(1)(C) of such Act if the value of its investment securities (as defined in the Investment Company Act) is more than 40% of its total assets (exclusive of government securities, and cash and certain cash equivalents).

If the Company was required to register as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act, applicable restrictions could make it impractical for the Company to continue its business as contemplated and could have a material adverse effect on us.

The Investment Company Act and the rules thereunder contain detailed requirements for the organization and operation of investment companies. If we were required to register under the Investment Company Act, applicable restrictions and other requirements could have a material adverse effect on us. In the event that we were to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we would be forced to comply with substantive requirements under the Act, including:

In the event that we were to be deemed to be an investment company subject to registration as such under the Investment Company Act, compliance costs and burdens upon us may increase and the additional requirements may constrain our ability to conduct business, which may adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

The Company is a shell company under the federal securities laws.

The Company has no or nominal operations. Pursuant to Rule 405 of the Securities Act and Exchange Act Rule 12b-2, a shell company is defined as a registrant that has no or nominal operations, and either:

Our consolidated balance sheet reflects that our assets consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and investments in U.S. Treasury Bills and mutual funds. Accordingly, we are a shell company. Applicable securities rules prohibit shell companies from using a Form S-8 registration statement to register securities pursuant to employee compensation plans and from utilizing Form S-3 for the registration of securities for so long as the Company is a shell company and for 12 months thereafter.

Additionally, Form 8-K requires shell companies to provide more detailed disclosure upon completion of a transaction that causes it to cease being a shell company. To the extent that we acquire a business in the future, we must file a current report on Form 8-K containing the financial and other information required in a registration statement on Form 10 within four business days following completion of such a transaction.

To assist the SEC in the identification of shell companies, we are required to check a box on our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and our annual reports on Form 10-K indicating that we are a shell company.

Since we are required to comply with additional disclosure because we are a shell company, we may be delayed in executing any mergers or acquiring other assets that would cause us to cease being a shell company. In addition, under Rule 144 of the Securities Act, a holder of restricted securities of a “shell company” is not allowed to resell their securities in reliance upon Rule 144. Preclusion from any prospective purchase using the exemptions from registration afforded by Rule 144 may make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future and the inability to utilize registration statements on Forms S-8 and S-3 would likely increase our cost to register securities in the future. Additionally, the loss of the use of Rule 144 and Forms S-3 and S-8 may make investments in our securities less attractive to investors and may make the offering and sale of our securities to employees, directors and others under compensatory arrangements more expensive and less attractive to recipients.

Unless we select a particular industry or target business with which to complete a business combination, you will be unable to ascertain the risks of the industry or business in which we may ultimately operate.

The Company may develop or acquire a majority interest or at least a controlling interest (as defined for purposes of the Investment Company Act) in a company (or companies) with principal business operations in an industry that we believe will provide attractive opportunities for growth. We are not limited to any particular industry or type of business. Accordingly, there is no current basis for you to evaluate the possible risks of the particular industry in which we may ultimately operate. Although we will evaluate the risks inherent in a particular target business, we cannot assure you that all of the significant risks present in that target business will be properly assessed. Even if we properly assess those risks, some of them may be outside of our control or ability to affect.

Resources will be expended in researching potential acquisitions that might not be consummated.

The investigation of target businesses and the negotiation, drafting and execution of relevant agreements, disclosure documents, and other instruments will require substantial management time and attention in addition to costs for accountants, attorneys and others. If a decision is made not to complete a specific business combination, the costs incurred up to that point for the proposed transaction likely would not be recoverable. Furthermore, even if an agreement is reached relating to a specific target business, we may fail to consummate the business combination for any number of reasons including those beyond our control.

There can be no guarantee that we will quickly identify a potential target business or complete a business combination.

The process to identify potential acquisition targets, to investigate and evaluate the future business prospects thereof and to negotiate an acceptable purchase agreement with one or more target companies can be time consuming and costly. The Company may incur operating losses, resulting from payroll, rent and other overhead and professional fees, while we are searching for a business to develop or acquire.

The Company has no revenue from operations; therefore, our existing assets may be diminished and ultimately depleted by our corporate overhead and other expenses.

The Company has no revenue from operations and has been experiencing significant negative cash flow. Expenditures related to corporate overhead and other related items are expensed. Expenditures related to corporate overhead generated and other related items are expensed. Until such time as we develop or acquire an operating business or businesses that generate revenue, we will continue to deplete our existing assets.

Risks Related to Our Stock

The Company has agreed to restrictions and adopted policies that could have possible anti-takeover effects and reduce the value of our stock.

Several provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws could deter or delay unsolicited changes in control of the Company. These include limiting the stockholders’ powers to amend the Bylaws or remove directors and prohibiting the stockholders from increasing the size of the Board of Directors or acting by written consent instead of at a stockholders’ meeting. Our Board of Directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders to fix the rights and preferences of and issue preferred stock. These provisions and others that could be adopted in the future could deter unsolicited takeovers or delay or prevent changes in control or management of the Company including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over then current market prices. These provisions may limit the ability of stockholders to approve transactions that they may deem to be in their best interests.

Risks Related to Owning Our Common Stock

A significant portion of our common stock is held by a small group of large shareholders. Future sales of our common stock in the public market by the Company or its large stockholders could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.

As of December 31, 2023, Bedford Oak Advisors, LLC and William H. Miller beneficially owned 26.73% and 17.02% of the Company’s common stock, respectively. Bedford Oak Advisors, LLC is controlled by Mr. Harvey P. Eisen, the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Eisen beneficially owned at such date an aggregate of 29.55% of the Company’s common stock, which percentage includes the 26.73% beneficially owned by Bedford Oak Advisors, LLC. Eisen beneficially owned at such date an aggregate of 30.71% of the Company’s common stock, which percentage includes the 27.78% beneficially owned by Bedford Oak Advisors, LLC. Sales by us or our large stockholders of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

Our common stock is thinly traded, which can cause volatility in its price.

Our stock is thinly traded due to our small market capitalization and the high level of ownership of our common stock by a small group of shareholders. Thinly traded stock can be more susceptible to market volatility. This market volatility could significantly affect the market price of our common stock without regard to our operating performance.

Possible additional issuances of our stock will cause dilution.

At December 31, 2023, we had outstanding 20,620,711 shares of our common stock. The Company is authorized to issue up to 30,000,000 shares of common stock and are therefore able to issue additional shares without being required under corporate law to obtain shareholder approval. If we issue additional shares, our other shareholders may find their holdings drastically diluted, which if it occurs, means they would own a smaller percentage of our Company.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

The Company recognizes the importance of assessing, identifying, and managing material risks associated with cybersecurity threats (as defined in Item 106(a) of Regulation S-K). These risks include, among others, operational risks, fraud, and violation of privacy. The Company, a shell entity, does not have processes in place since cybersecurity is not a risk to the Company due to the size of the Company, nature of its operations, and the number of transactions during the year. As needed, and in order to keep the Company informed of new and evolving cybersecurity risks, the Company consults with external parties such as information technology experts about risk management and strategy.

The audit committee assists the board of directors in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities with respect to the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s information security policies and practices and the internal controls regarding information security risks. The board and its committees engage with management to discuss potential enterprise risks, including matters related to cybersecurity.

We do not believe that there are currently any known risks from cybersecurity threats that are reasonably likely to materially affect us or our business strategy, results of operations or financial condition.

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