$IPVA Risk Factor changes from 00/11/16/23/2023 to 00/03/28/24/2024

Item 1A. Risk Factors. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this report, including the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included herein, before deciding whether to invest in our securities. Our business, results of operations, financial condition, and prospects could also be harmed by risks and uncertainties that are not presently known to us or that we currently believe are not material. If any of the risks actually occur, our business, results of operations, financial condition, and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. Unless otherwise indicated, references in these risk factors to our business being harmed will include harm to our business, reputation, brand, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. In such event, the market price of our securities could decline. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, our net loss before provision for income taxes was $113.7 million, respectively. Historically, we have devoted significant efforts and expenditures to grow our host and guest communities, improve our marketplace and platform, increase our marketing spend, rapidly expand our operations, and hire additional employees. In particular, while we are currently endeavoring to reduce our costs and lower our losses as we implement operating plans under new leadership, these efforts may prove more expensive than we currently anticipate, and we may not succeed in increasing our revenues or decreasing our costs sufficiently. To date, we have financed our operations principally from the sale of our debt, equity or equity-linked securities, revenue generated through our marketplace, and the incurrence of indebtedness. Our cash flow from operations was negative for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, and we may not generate positive cash flow from operations in any given period. If our current cash runway is insufficient for us to be able to achieve or maintain positive cash flow, we will require additional financing, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all or which would be dilutive to our stockholders. If we are unable to raise sufficient funds, we will have to further reduce our spending, delay or cancel our planned activities or substantially change our corporate structure. We might not be able to obtain any funding, and we might not have sufficient resources to conduct our business as projected, both of which could mean that we would be forced to curtail or discontinue our operations. Our revenue may decline for a number of other reasons, including reduced demand for our offerings, global economic weakness or macroeconomic shocks such as higher inflation and fuel prices, geopolitical conflicts, public health and safety concerns, increased competition, a decrease in the growth or size of the carsharing, ridesharing, or overall mobility market, any failure to capitalize on growth opportunities, local, state and federal laws and negative publicity. Any failure to increase our revenue or manage our operating expenses could prevent us from achieving or maintaining profitability. If we are unable to address any of these risks and challenges successfully as we encounter them, our business may be harmed. Our failure to achieve or maintain profitability or positive cash flow could negatively affect the value of our common stock. While we began operations in 2011, our business model has not yet been fully proven. As a result, we have only a limited operating history at our current scale and as an international company, which may make it difficult to evaluate our current business and future prospects. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in addressing these and other challenges we may face in the future and if we do not manage these risks successfully, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected. You should consider our business and prospects in light of the risks and difficulties we may encounter as an early-stage company. We may not achieve sufficient revenue to achieve or maintain positive cash flow from operations or profitability in any given period. We face intense competition and may not be able to compete successfully with current or future competitors, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Additionally, we compete with the status quo of personal car ownership and other equivalent means of transportation. As a result, our competitors may be better positioned to provide superior offerings to consumers and respond more rapidly and effectively than we can to new or existing business opportunities, products, technologies, and host and guest requirements and preferences. Many of our competitors offer discounted services, incentives, or alternative pricing models or focus on a particular geographic location or market segment. Our competitors may also make acquisitions or establish cooperative or other strategic relationships among themselves or with other complementary companies. We compete to attract and retain hosts who share their vehicles in our marketplace, as hosts have other options should they choose to generate income from carsharing, may not be aware of peer-to-peer carsharing, its benefits, or the economic opportunities it provides, or may not be motivated to monetize their vehicles. Hosts may also share their vehicles simultaneously on the marketplaces of our competitors. We compete to attract, engage and retain hosts based on numerous factors, such as ease of access to and use of the app and marketplace, fleet management functions and tools, flexibility of services to match various use cases, the level of revenue yield to hosts, real-time insights from platform and marketplace data, insurance coverage and claims handling, safety, brand recognition and host experience. We also compete to attract, engage, and retain guests in our marketplace to reserve vehicles shared by hosts. Guests have many travel and mobility options in addition to reserving a vehicle through our platform, including reserving vehicles through a competitor’s platform or directly by a potential host, renting vehicles through traditional car rental companies, using their own vehicle or borrowing a friend’s vehicle, or choosing to use vehicles other than automobiles. We compete for guests based on numerous factors, such as adequacy and quality of car supply, density and proximity of cars to prospective guests, ease of access to and use of the app and marketplace, pricing to guests, insurance coverage, brand recognition and guest experience. As we and our competitors introduce new offerings and as existing offerings evolve, we expect to become subject to additional competition. In addition, our competitors may adopt certain of our platform features or may adopt innovations that hosts and guests value more highly than ours, which would render our marketplace less attractive and reduce our ability to differentiate our marketplace and platform. Increased competition could result in, among other things, reductions of the revenue we generate through our marketplace, the number of hosts and guests, the frequency of use of our marketplace, and our margins. For all of these reasons, we may not be able to compete successfully. If we lose existing hosts or guests, fail to attract or retain new hosts or guests, fail to provide our hosts and guests with the experience or service they expect from us, or are forced to make pricing concessions as a result of increased competition, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be adversely affected. The impact of adverse or changing economic conditions, including the resulting effects on consumer spending, may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our business depends on the overall demand for vehicle bookings. Global economic and political events or uncertainty may cause some of our current or potential hosts and guests to curtail their use of our marketplace. In addition, travel and other trends affecting our business have fluctuated in recent periods. In response to negative impacts from these factors, guests may not use or spend in our marketplace at rates we expect, thus further reducing demand for vehicle bookings. These adverse conditions have in the past resulted, and could in the future result, in reductions in consumer spending, slower adoption of new technologies, and increased competition. We cannot predict the timing, strength, or duration of any economic slowdown, including the current macroeconomic downturn, or any subsequent recovery generally. In addition, increases in the price of gasoline or overall inflation may cause guests to decrease their travel or choose alternative or lower cost methods of transportation than our offering. Similarly, increasing awareness around the impact of travel on climate change may adversely impact the travel and hospitality industries and demand for our marketplace. Volatility in fuel prices and shortages of fuel may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We are subject to risks associated with the availability and price of fuel. Fuel prices have fluctuated dramatically over recent years, and have recently spiked. Future fluctuations in the availability and price of fuel could adversely affect our results of operations. Because guests must pay for the fuel consumed during the trips booked through our platform, rising fuel prices may reduce the number of trips taken by guests, decrease demand for our marketplace and increase the volume of support requests related to fuel issues that arise in connection with trips booked through our platform. Rising fuel prices may also increase the total cost of car ownership for our hosts, which may in turn deter hosts from sharing the types of vehicles in our marketplace that guests are looking to reserve. Fuel shortages and increases in fuel prices may adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our marketplace primarily focuses on serving hosts and guests in or near large metropolitan areas, and if our operations in these areas are disrupted, our business, financial condition, and results of operations will be adversely affected. Our business model and marketplace focus on serving hosts and guests mainly in or near large metropolitan areas within Europe and the United States. Because of our geographic market concentration, our operations are tied to the economic, social, political, regulatory, and climate conditions that affect such metropolitan areas and our ability to offer our marketplace in these areas in a cost-effective manner, or at all, may be adversely affected as a result of such conditions. Events and circumstances that particularly impact large metropolitan areas, such as public health concerns, including COVID-19 and other pandemics/epidemics, natural disasters, infrastructure issues, terrorist attacks and security concerns and economic downturns, could lead to short-term and long-term declines in the desirability to populate such areas or use our marketplace. If we are unable to obtain new licenses or renew existing licenses in the large metropolitan areas where we offer our marketplace, our business, financial condition, and results of operations will be adversely affected. If the costs required to launch our marketplace in a new market or continue to operate our marketplace in an existing one become more expensive than we have anticipated, we may not be able to launch our marketplace in the new market or continue to operate our marketplace in an existing market. The costs and resources required to operate our marketplace in any given region, country, state, city, zip code, or other defined market vary across different local markets. Examples of local operating costs include the prices of vehicles suitable for sharing in our marketplace; the price of fuel, parking, tolls, insurance, parts, and vehicle maintenance; marketing and user acquisition costs; the availability of local vendors to support our services; the prices charged by vendors to install and troubleshoot our connected devices; costs required to comply with insurance, licensing, taxation, and other regulatory requirements; and the prevalence of claims and safety incidents. These costs may vary across markets and fluctuate within each market. Additionally, there is no guarantee that our marketing efforts will generate sufficient supply and demand for a given market, or that the anticipated benefits of our marketing spend will materialize. If the costs required to offer our marketplace in a new market or continue to offer our marketplace in an existing market are too high, we may be prevented from entering the new market or continuing to operate in the existing market, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be negatively impacted as a result. If we do not retain existing hosts or guests, or add new hosts and guests, or if hosts fail to provide an adequate supply of high-quality vehicles, our business, financial condition, and results of operations will be negatively impacted. Our business depends on hosts sharing their vehicles in our marketplace, maintaining the safety and cleanliness of their vehicles, and ensuring that the descriptions and availability of their vehicles in our marketplace are accurate and up-to-date. These practices are beyond our direct control. If hosts do not share enough vehicles, or if their vehicles are less attractive to guests than vehicles offered by our competitors, our revenue would decline and our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be materially adversely affected. Hosts are not required to make their vehicles available in our marketplace for a minimum sharing period or number of reservations, and they may choose to cancel reservations made by guests. Hosts may also use our technology to replicate the experience offered by our marketplace on competing platforms without sharing their vehicles with us. While we continue to invest in tools and resources to support hosts, including those for our Powerhosts, these investments may not be as attractive to hosts as those developed by our competitors, and hosts may not share their vehicles in our marketplace as a result. We believe that many hosts rely on the earnings generated from sharing their vehicles in our marketplace to help offset any leasing, financing, parking, registration, maintenance, and repair costs of those vehicles. If the earnings made by hosts in our marketplace do not sufficiently offset the costs of owning, maintaining or sharing their vehicles, we may not be able to retain hosts. Failure to compensate hosts for loss or damages to their shared vehicles incurred during reservations made through our marketplace or dissatisfaction with the claims process may result in our inability to retain such hosts. Additionally, the personal automobile insurance companies insuring the cars that hosts share in our marketplace may deny coverage for claims or decline to renew automobile insurance policies issued to hosts, based on incidents involving shared vehicles or carsharing procedures followed by hosts (such as placing car keys inside vehicles), while hosts’ vehicles are being shared in our marketplace. Hosts have in the past experienced and may in the future continue to experience issues raised by their personal automobile insurance companies regarding the sharing of their vehicles in our marketplace. Specifically, it is possible for a personal automobile insurance company to deny a claim submitted by a host, even if the loss that gave rise to the claim was not incurred during a trip booked through our platform. Such denials may be more likely if a host followed procedures prescribed by our marketplace, such as leaving vehicle keys inside a shared vehicle. It is also possible for personal automobile insurance companies to decline to renew automobile insurance policies because the vehicles covered by those policies are shared in our marketplace. While there are laws in some states that prohibit personal automobile insurance companies from taking such actions based on the sharing of a vehicle in our marketplace, we are unable to control the ultimate outcome of claims filed by hosts with their personal automobile insurance companies. Hosts whose personal automobile insurance claims are denied, or whose personal automobile insurance policies are not renewed, may be deterred from sharing additional vehicles in our marketplace, and they may remove their existing shared vehicles from our marketplace. As a result, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be negatively impacted. In addition, our business depends on guests reserving trips on our platform. If we fail to retain existing guests because they elect to use a competitor’s platform, or if we are unable to sustain growth in the level of revenue yield for hosts or attract new guests to our marketplace, our business, results of operations, reputation, and financial condition would be adversely affected. A decrease in the number of guests or reduction in the level of revenue yield for hosts may also result in host attrition if hosts are unable to realize sufficient value from sharing their vehicles in our marketplace. If our platform, including searching for vehicles and completing the reservation and payment process, is not easy to use, or if improvements to our platform experience are not successful, or if guests are dissatisfied with our account creation or verification processes, we may not be able to retain or attract guests to our marketplace. Our business also depends on guests reserving the vehicles shared in our marketplace. Guests are not required to make a minimum number of reservations, and they may choose to cancel existing reservations. Guests have in the past, and may in the future choose not to use our marketplace for a variety of reasons such as: being required to have an account with Facebook, Google, Apple or another third-party service for identity verification purposes; being requested to respond to our account verification processes; experiencing difficulty with searching our marketplace for shared vehicles; being unable to locate a suitable shared vehicle; being unable to book the desired trip because of price or other payment-related concerns; being unable to locate the shared vehicle at the start of a reservation; experiencing a negative customer support interaction or outcome; experiencing a negative reservation outcome; and being prevented from booking reservations because of violations of our terms of service and accompanying policies. If we cannot attract and retain guests in a cost-effective manner, or at all, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be materially adversely affected. Our growth prospects and our revenue are dependent on our hosts, and if we do not retain these hosts, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be negatively impacted. Our investments in our host community and in tools to assist these hosts may not be successful in growing or maintaining the number of hosts and vehicles in our marketplace. If we do not retain these hosts, our operations in certain markets and revenue from those markets may be jeopardized, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be negatively impacted as a result. A significant majority of our overall revenue depends on a large number of hosts who share multiple vehicles in our marketplace. We refer to hosts with three or more cars in our marketplace as Powerhosts. Other than sharing three or more cars, the principal reason Powerhosts are an important part of our business is it is easier to increase the supply of cars on our platform by encouraging existing hosts to add additional cars, rather than to attract new hosts to add their first car. Additionally, certain Powerhosts may provide a significant portion of the vehicles for a given market. The manufacture, installation and operation of the Getaround Connect IoT devices is highly dependent upon third party suppliers, service providers and networks, including sole source component suppliers who have been impacted by COVID-19, the global parts shortage and supply chain disruption. We depend on third party service providers to supply the electronic components used in the manufacturing of our proprietary Getaround Connect IoT devices. We also rely on third-party contract manufacturers to build and assemble our Connect IoT devices. In addition, we rely on third-party service providers and networks that install our Connect IoT devices into the vehicles shared in our marketplace. Our hardware and its components are supplied to us under short-term purchase orders submitted to our contract manufacturer. The growth of our business will depend on our ability to manage our supply chain to manufacture and deliver our hardware devices at scale, with which we have limited experience. On occasion, our suppliers have not been able to deliver the quantities of Connect IoT devices, wiring, and components that we require, without adding significant lead time or cost increases. Our inability to secure sufficient quantities of Connect IoT devices, including as a result of the inability by such third-party suppliers to obtain the necessary components, labor, or financial resources because of pandemics/epidemics, natural disasters, labor disputes or other supply chain issues, could restrict our growth by preventing the increase of connected cars on our platform. If any of our relationships with our suppliers are interrupted or terminated, we could experience a shortage of Connect IoT devices. Developing alternate sources of supply for our Connect IoT devices or changing our design may be difficult, time-consuming, and costly. In particular, beginning in the first half of 2020, the global parts shortage and supply chain disruptions negatively impacted our supply of Connect IoT devices. The supply of certain chips and other components needed to manufacture our devices has been limited since 2020, and there are often no alternative sources for these chips and other components. We have adapted to the shortage by holding more Connect IoT devices, securing key components through alternate channels, updating the design of our Connect IoT device with different components, as well as collecting, recycling and refurbishing Connect IoT devices that were previously installed into shared vehicles; however, if the current parts shortage and related economic factors affecting us and the broader automotive industry are not resolved, our available supply of Connect IoT devices may become exhausted, and we will not be able to add new connected cars to our platform. As a result, the growth of our marketplace would be severely limited, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be materially adversely affected. We are at risk for interruptions, outages and breaches of: operational systems, including business, financial, accounting, product development, data processing or production processes, owned by us or our third-party vendors or suppliers; facility security systems, owned by us or our third-party vendors or suppliers; in-product technology owned by us or our third-party vendors or suppliers; the integrated software and firmware in our Connect IoT devices; or customer or guest data that we process or our third-party vendors or suppliers process on our behalf. Such cyber incidents could materially disrupt operational systems; result in loss of intellectual property, trade secrets or other proprietary or competitively sensitive information; compromise certain information of customers, employees, suppliers, guests or others; jeopardize the security of our facilities; or affect the performance of in-product technology and the integrated software in our lidar solutions. A cyber incident could be caused by disasters, insiders (through inadvertence or with malicious intent) or malicious third parties (including nation-states or nation-state supported actors) using sophisticated, targeted methods to circumvent firewalls, encryption and other security defenses, including hacking, fraud, trickery or other forms of deception. The techniques used by cyber attackers change frequently and may be difficult to detect for long periods of time. Although we maintain information technology measures designed to protect us against intellectual property theft, data breaches and other cyber incidents, such measures will require updates and improvements, and we cannot guarantee that such measures will be adequate to detect, prevent or mitigate cyber incidents. The implementation, maintenance, segregation and improvement of these systems requires significant management time, support and cost. Moreover, there are inherent risks associated with developing, improving, expanding and updating current systems, including the disruption of our data management, procurement, production execution, finance, supply chain and sales and service processes. These risks may affect our ability to manage our data and inventory, procure parts or supplies or produce, sell, deliver and service our solutions, adequately protect our intellectual property or achieve and maintain compliance with, or realize available benefits under, applicable laws, regulations and contracts. We cannot be sure that the systems upon which we rely, including those of our third-party vendors or suppliers, will be effectively implemented, maintained or expanded as planned. Moreover, our proprietary information or intellectual property could be compromised or misappropriated and our reputation may be adversely affected. If these systems do not operate as we expect them to, we may be required to expend significant resources to make corrections or find alternative sources for performing these functions. A significant cyber incident could impact production capability, harm our reputation, cause us to breach our contracts with other parties or subject us to regulatory actions or litigation, any of which could materially affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. In addition, our insurance coverage for cyber-attacks may not be sufficient to cover all the losses we may experience as a result of a cyber incident. We have not in the past and may not in the future independently verify the safety, suitability, location, quality, compliance with our policies, and legal compliance of all of the vehicles shared in our marketplace by hosts or the suitability of vehicles shared in our marketplace for individual guests. In the limited circumstances where we have undertaken or may undertake the verification or screening of certain aspects of descriptions of vehicles shared in our marketplace, the scope of such processes may be limited and rely on, among other things, information provided by hosts and guests, which may be inaccurate or incomplete, and the ability of our internal teams or third-party vendors to adequately conduct such verification or screening practices. We have implemented policies to respond to issues reported by hosts and guests regarding vehicles shared in our marketplace, but not all issues may be reported to us, and no assurance can be given that our customer support team has taken the requisite actions to address any issues in accordance with our policies. In addition, our policies may not contemplate or sufficiently address certain safety risks posed by vehicles shared in our marketplace or individual hosts or guests, including whether shared vehicles are subject to safety recalls, and our policies are not designed to identify legal, quality, and safety issues that may occur after initial sign-up. We have no control over, or ability to predict, the actions of our users and other third parties, such as passengers, either during a reservation or otherwise, and we may not be able to protect or provide a safe environment during reservations for hosts or guests as a result of certain actions by hosts, guests, and other third parties. The actions of hosts, guests, and other third parties have resulted and can further result in fatalities, injuries, fraud, invasion of privacy, property damage, discrimination, and brand and reputational damage, which have created and could continue to create potential legal or other substantial liabilities for us. These incidents may subject us to liability, which would increase our operating costs and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. We do not verify the identity of hosts or ownership of the vehicles shared in our marketplace, other than requiring hosts to provide documentation of ownership upon our request. Some of our hosts may share or have shared vehicles in our marketplace in violation of their lease or financing agreements or personal automobile insurance policies, or in violation of applicable state restrictions on subleasing. Hosts have in the past, and may in the future, share vehicles located on private or governmental property without the authorization of the property owner. In the absence of a court order or contractual obligation, we do not verify that parking locations for shared vehicles are authorized by property owners. We do not screen vehicles for compliance with state vehicle inspection requirements or whether they are legally registered to be driven on public roads, and it is possible that some of our hosts may share or have shared vehicles in our marketplace that fail to meet basic safety or legal requirements for a vehicle. Even if we detect and ban such vehicles or hosts from our marketplace, we may fail to detect if the host re-shares the vehicle or rejoins our marketplace. Our identity verification processes for guests focus on confirming that the drivers’ license records of new guests meet our eligibility requirements. These processes rely on, among other things, information provided by users and supplemented by state motor vehicle records, and our ability to validate that information and the effectiveness of third-party service providers that support our verification processes may be limited. In addition, we do not currently, and may not in the future, require users to re-verify their identities following their successful completion of the initial verification process. We do not screen or verify third parties such as passengers who may be present during a reservation made through our platform. We do not run criminal background checks on hosts, guests or other third parties, and there can be no assurances that our identity verification measures will significantly reduce criminal or fraudulent activity in our marketplace. Such conduct has prompted, and may in the future prompt, negative media coverage or regulatory inquiries into our marketplace policies and business practices. In addition, claims may be asserted against us by hosts, guests, and third parties for compensation for incidents caused by other hosts, guests, or third parties while using our marketplace. In addition, certain regions where we operate have higher rates of violent crime or property crime, which can lead to more safety and security incidents such as increased rates of damage or theft of vehicles shared in our marketplace, which may adversely impact the usage of our marketplace in those regions and elsewhere. Our third-party insurance coverage, which is subject to certain conditions and exclusions, may be inadequate to fully cover alleged claims of liability, investigation costs, defense costs, indemnification, and payouts. Even if these claims do not result in liability, we will incur significant time and cost in investigating and defending against them. As we expand our products, offerings, and areas in which our products and offerings are available, the frequency or severity of incidents may increase and our overall financial exposure may grow. Measures taken to improve the safety of our marketplace and our reputation may cause us to incur significant expenditures and may not be successful. We have taken and continue to take measures to improve the safety in our marketplace and our reputation, combat fraudulent activities and other misconduct, and improve community trust, such as requiring identity and driving record information from guests, removing descriptions of vehicles shared in our marketplace that are reported to us as being inaccurate, and removing hosts and guests who fail to comply with our policies. Some of these measures may reduce usage of our marketplace by increasing the number of steps required to share a vehicle or make a reservation. Implementing these measures has caused and will continue to cause us to incur significant operating expenses and may result in fewer vehicles shared in our marketplace, decreased reservation volume, and reduced host and guest retention. These measures may not significantly reduce criminal or fraudulent activity in our marketplace, or be sufficient to protect our brand and reputation. Furthermore, the community guidelines we have implemented to reduce such risks to our business may not always be followed by or effectively enforced against all members of our community. For example, although our software application provides messaging functionality for hosts and guests to correspond regarding reservations without disclosing their personal contact information, hosts and guests may nonetheless choose to share such contact information to enable the exchange of telephone calls, text messages, electronic mail, or messages via third-party software applications. Additionally, while we require hosts to adhere to our policies, we cannot prevent hosts from attempting to impose their own policies on guests, including specifying separate reservation fees and charges, or requesting to view or photograph the driver’s licenses of guests who have reserved vehicles shared in our marketplace. Failure by hosts and guests to follow our community guidelines or our failure to enforce them may result in claims against us or our hosts and guests. Enforcement of our policies against hosts and guests, as well as hosts or guests affected by ineffective enforcement or understanding of our community guidelines, may decrease their usage of our marketplace. Our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be adversely affected if: •our cost per claim, premiums or the number of claims significantly exceeds our expectations; •we experience a claim in excess of our coverage limits; •our insurance providers become insolvent or otherwise fail to pay on our insurance claims; •we experience a claim for which coverage is not provided; •the number of claims under our deductibles or retentions exceeds historic averages; or •we are unable to reduce our claims cost per mile below our historical averages. Our overall spend on insurance has increased as our business has grown and losses from covered claims have increased. Premiums have increased as a result, and we have experienced and expect to continue to experience increased difficulty in obtaining appropriate policy limits and levels of coverage at a reasonable cost and with reasonable terms and conditions. We do not have sufficient coverage for certain catastrophic events, including certain business interruption losses, such as those resulting from COVID-19. Furthermore, as our business continues to develop and diversify, we may experience difficulty in obtaining insurance coverage for new and evolving offerings and tiers, which could require us to incur greater costs. We establish insurance reserves for claims incurred but not yet paid and claims incurred but not yet reported and any related estimable expenses, and we periodically evaluate and, as necessary, adjust our insurance reserves as our experience develops or new information is learned. Our insurance reserves account includes unpaid losses, loss adjustment expenses for risks, and other associated expenses. These amounts are based on third-party actuarial estimates, historical claim information, and industry data. Estimating the number and severity of claims, as well as related judgment or settlement amounts, is inherently difficult, subjective, and speculative. While these reserves are believed to be adequate, our ultimate liability could be in excess of our reserves. Insurance claims reserves and accruals may be inadequate and could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Insurance claim costs cannot be fully predicted, and reserves for expected costs within our deductible retention or under our contractual reimbursement contracts as part of a protection plan may be inadequate for losses. Claims frequency may change, the severity of the claims may be different than expected, and changes in our ability to collect amounts due from guests or insurance companies via subrogation may lead to adverse development of claim reserves or shortfalls in accrued amounts, any of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Our community experience support function is critical to the success of our marketplace, and any failure to provide high-quality service could affect our ability to retain and attract hosts and guests Meeting the customer experience expectations of our hosts and guests requires investing significant time and resources in staffing, technology, including automation and machine learning to improve efficiency, infrastructure, policies, and customer experience tools. The vast majority of our customer support is performed by a limited number of third-party service providers who provide services to us as independent contractors. The number of hosts and guests in our marketplace has grown significantly, and we have in the past experienced and may in the future experience backlog incidents that lead to substantial delays or other issues in responding to requests for customer support. When a host or guest has a poor experience in our marketplace or with our platform, we may issue refunds or coupons for future reservations. Such refunds and coupons, as well as payouts for property damage claims under our claims program, are generally treated as a reduction to revenue. A robust customer experience effort is costly, and we expect such cost to continue to rise in the future as we grow our business. Our brand and our reputation are among our most important assets. Maintaining and enhancing our brand and reputation is critical to our ability to attract and retain hosts, guests, and employees, to compete effectively, to maintain and improve our standing in the communities where our hosts operate, including our standing with community leaders and regulatory bodies, and to mitigate legislative or regulatory scrutiny, litigation, and government investigations. Any incident, whether actual or rumored to have occurred, involving the safety or security of shared vehicles, hosts, guests, or other members of the public, fraudulent transactions, or incidents that are mistakenly attributed to Getaround, and any media coverage resulting therefrom, could create a negative public perception of our marketplace, which would adversely impact our ability to attract hosts and guests. In addition, when hosts or guests believe they have been adversely affected by our policies or practices, their perception of the value of our marketplace is adversely impacted and may cause hosts and guests to not use our marketplace in the future. We have been the subject of media reports, social media posts, blogs, and other forums that contain allegations about our business or activity in our marketplace that sought or created negative publicity. In addition, our brand and reputation could be harmed if we fail to act responsibly or are perceived as not acting responsibly, or fail to comply with regulatory requirements as interpreted by certain governments or agencies thereof, in a number of other areas, such as safety and security, data security, privacy practices, provision of information about users and activities in our marketplace, non-discrimination, claims management and insurance, and support for local communities. We rely on traffic to our marketplace to generate revenue, and if we are unable to drive traffic cost-effectively, it would materially adversely affect our business results of operations, and financial condition. Promoting awareness of our marketplace is important to our ability to drive traffic to our marketplace and grow our business. Our marketing efforts have included referrals, partnerships, display advertising, billboards, radio, video, social media, email, mobile “push” communications, and search engine marketing. Our marketing initiatives may become increasingly expensive and generating a meaningful return on these initiatives may be difficult. Even if we successfully increase revenue as a result of our paid marketing efforts, any increase may not offset the additional marketing expenses we incur. If our marketing efforts to help grow our business are not effective, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be adversely affected. In addition, driving traffic to our marketplace depends, in part, on our ability to attract consumers through unpaid placement within search results on search engines like Google. The number of consumers we attract to our marketplace from search engines is due in large part to how and where our website or app ranks in unpaid search results. These rankings can be affected by a number of factors, many of which are not under our direct control and may change frequently. For example, a search engine may change its ranking algorithms, methodologies, or design layouts. As a result, links to our website or app may not be prominent enough to drive traffic to our website or app, and we may not know how or otherwise be in a position to influence the results. In some instances, search engine companies may change these rankings in a way that promotes their own competing products or services or the products or services of one or more of our competitors. Search engines may also expand or add new paid advertising placements for keywords that would reduce our market visibility to prospective hosts and guests. Our website has experienced fluctuations in search result rankings in the past, and we anticipate similar fluctuations in the future. Any reduction in the number of consumers directed to our marketplace from search engines could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Moreover, as guests increase their booking activity across multiple carsharing marketplaces, or compare offerings across marketplaces, our marketing efficiency and effectiveness may be adversely impacted. In response, we may increase our sales and marketing expenditures in the future, which may not be offset by additional revenue, and could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. We have in the past, are currently engaged in, and may in the future collaborate with OEMs of vehicles manufactured with connected car technology to integrate our platform with the software installed in these vehicles. These collaborations consist of researching, developing and testing the ability of our products and services to be offered directly through the infotainment systems of OEM connected cars. We cannot be certain that these collaborations will prove successful, or that even if they are successful, the collaborations will yield commercially viable products or services. If our efforts are unsuccessful or unable to be commercialized, our business and prospects could be negatively impacted. We also have a Vehicle Solutions Agreement with Uber, pursuant to which vehicles in our marketplace are available to Uber drivers within the Uber app, however Uber may terminate the agreement for convenience with sixty (60) days’ notice and there is no guarantee this business relationship will create meaningful revenue for us. This strategic partnership may not succeed for a variety of reasons, some of which may not be within our control, including if Uber terminates the agreement or does not prioritize our platform, or if we do not make vehicles in our marketplace available to Uber drivers at sufficiently attractive rates to generate meaningful revenue for Uber drivers. Vehicles shared in our marketplace may be subject to safety recalls by their manufacturers, which could have an adverse impact on the number of shared vehicles available for reservation. We may be required to notify hosts of safety recalls that affect vehicles they have shared in our marketplace and remove those vehicles from our marketplace until hosts can arrange for the repairs described in the recalls to be completed. As such, recalls can increase our costs, negatively impact our revenues and reduce our marketplace utilization. Depending on the nature and severity of any recall, it could create customer service problems, harm our reputation, and materially adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, if we fail to notify hosts of safety recalls or remove shared vehicles affected by those recalls from our marketplace, we could face governmental inquiries and liability claims as a result. Carsharing is a relatively new business model and the historical rate of adoption and our associated growth in our current markets may not be representative of future rates of adoption or future growth in other markets. Carsharing in general, and peer-to-peer carsharing in particular, is a relatively new business model without abundant historical data regarding rates of adoption or growth, or corresponding results of operation or financial performance. Because of the relatively recent adoption of peer-to-peer carsharing as a business model, our growth rate and rates of adoption of our business model in our current markets may not represent typical or expected future rates of adoption or growth. As mentioned elsewhere in these risk factors, peer-to-peer-carsharing is subject to a variety of economic, technological, and regulatory developments, any of which can cause our financial condition and results of operation to fluctuate beyond historical averages or trends. Our business depends on attracting and retaining capable management and employees, and the loss of any key personnel could negatively impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our success depends in large part on our ability to attract and retain high-quality management and employees. Our CEO, COO and other members of our senior management team, as well as other key employees, may terminate their employment with us at any time, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to attract and retain the personnel we need. Our business requires highly skilled technical, engineering, design, product, data analytics, marketing, business development, and community support personnel, including executive-level employees, who are in high demand and are often subject to competing offers. Competition for qualified employees and executive-level employees is intense in our industry and particularly in San Francisco, Paris and Oslo, where our regional headquarters are located, and other jurisdictions where we operate. To attract and retain key personnel, we use various measures, including referencing cash compensation standards and offering an equity incentive program. As we continue to mature, the incentives to attract, retain, and motivate employees provided by our programs or by future arrangements may not be as effective as in the past, particularly if similarly situated businesses offer more competitive incentives. As a result, it may be difficult for us to continue to retain and motivate these employees, and the value of their holdings could affect their decisions about whether or not they continue to work for us. Our ability to attract, retain, and motivate employees may be adversely affected by declines in our stock price. If we issue significant equity to attract employees or to retain our existing employees, we would incur substantial additional stock-based compensation expense and the ownership of our existing stockholders would be further diluted. Our company culture emphasizes innovation, collaboration, and collective focus on our business, financial, and operational goals. Our culture has contributed to the growth of our business and marketplace. Changes to (or erosion of) our corporate culture could negatively impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We may not be able to effectively manage the risks presented by our business model internationally. As of December 31, 2023, our platform supports approximately 2.0 million unique guests in over 1,000 cities across 8 countries. We expect to continue to make investments to expand our international operations. Managing a global organization is difficult, time consuming, and expensive, and requires significant management attention and careful prioritization, and any international expansion efforts that we may undertake may not be successful. In addition, conducting international operations subjects us to risks, which include: •operational and compliance challenges caused by distance, language, and cultural differences; the cost and resources required to localize our marketplace and platform, which often requires the translation of our marketplace into foreign languages and adaptation for local practices and regulatory requirements; unexpected, more restrictive, differing, and conflicting laws and regulations, including those laws governing Internet activities, travel, mobility, driving, taxes, licensing, payments processing, messaging, marketing activities, registration and verification of hosts and guests, ownership of intellectual property, content, data collection and privacy, security, data localization, data transfer and government access to personal information, and other activities important to our business; •uncertainties regarding the interpretation of national and local laws and regulations, uncertainty in the enforceability of legal rights, and uneven application of laws and regulations to businesses, in particular U.S. companies; •competition with companies that understand local markets better than we do, or that have a local presence and pre-existing relationships with potential hosts and guests in those markets; •differing levels of social acceptance of carsharing, our brand, and offerings; •legal uncertainty regarding our liability for the listings, the services, and content provided by hosts, guests, and other third parties; •uncertain resolutions of litigation or regulatory inquiries; •variations in payment forms for hosts and guests, increased operational complexity around payments, and inability to offer local payment forms like cash or country specific digital forms of payment; •lack of familiarity and the burden of complying with a wide variety of U.S. and foreign laws, legal standards, and regulatory requirements, which are complex, sometimes inconsistent, and subject to unexpected changes; •potentially adverse tax consequences, including resulting from the complexities of foreign corporate income tax systems, value added tax (“VAT”) regimes, tax withholding rules, vehicle excise taxes, vehicle rental taxes, sales and use taxes and other indirect taxes, tax collection or remittance obligations, and restrictions on the repatriation of earnings; •difficulties in managing and staffing international operations, including due to differences in legal, regulatory, and collective bargaining processes; •fluctuations in currency exchange rates, and in particular, decreases in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar; •regulations governing the control of local currencies and impacting the ability to collect and remit funds to hosts in those currencies or to repatriate cash into the United States; •oversight by foreign government agencies whose approach to privacy or human rights may be inconsistent with that taken in other countries; •increased financial accounting and reporting burdens, and complexities and difficulties in implementing and maintaining adequate internal controls in an international operating environment; •political, social, and economic instability abroad, terrorist attacks, and security concerns in general; 25 •operating in countries that are more prone to crime or have lower safety standards; •operating in countries that have higher risk of corruption; and •reduced or varied protection for our intellectual property rights in some countries. The failure to successfully execute and integrate acquisitions and the different products and services associated with such acquisitions could negatively impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.no AS) and our May 2023 acquisition of certain assets and liabilities of HyreCar, Inc. related to the operation of its peer-to-peer car sharing business, and we regularly evaluate potential acquisitions. We may expend significant cash or incur substantial debt to finance such acquisitions, which indebtedness could result in restrictions on our business and significant use of available cash to make payments of interest and principal. We may enter into negotiations for acquisitions that are not ultimately consummated. Those negotiations could result in diversion of management time and significant out-of-pocket costs, as well as create the potential for confusion among our hosts and guests. For example, we operate two distinct marketplaces in North America on the one hand, and Norway and the European Union on the other hand, and there are risks associated with keeping our marketplaces distinct or integrating them into a single marketplace. If we fail to evaluate and execute acquisitions successfully, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including the following: •difficulties in integrating and managing the combined operations, technology platforms, or offerings of the acquired companies and realizing the anticipated economic, operational, and other benefits in a timely manner, which could result in substantial costs and delays, and failure to execute on the intended strategy and synergies; •failure of the acquired businesses to achieve anticipated revenue, earnings, or cash flow; •diversion of management’s attention or other resources from our existing business; •our inability to maintain the key customers, business relationships, suppliers, and brand potential of acquired businesses; •uncertainty of entry into businesses or geographies in which we have limited or no prior experience or in which competitors have stronger positions; •unanticipated costs associated with pursuing acquisitions or greater than expected costs in integrating the acquired businesses; •responsibility for the liabilities of acquired businesses, including those that were not disclosed to us or exceed our estimates, such as liabilities arising out of the failure to maintain effective data protection and privacy controls, and liabilities arising out of the failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, including tax laws; •difficulties in or costs associated with assigning or transferring to us or our subsidiaries the acquired companies’ intellectual property or its licenses to third-party intellectual property; •inability to maintain our culture and values, ethical standards, controls, procedures, and policies; •challenges in integrating the workforce of acquired companies and the potential loss of key employees; •challenges in integrating and auditing the financial statements of acquired companies, including as a result of their not having historically prepared financial statements in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”); and •potential accounting charges to the extent goodwill and intangible assets recorded in connection with an acquisition, such as trademarks, customer relationships, or intellectual property, are later determined to be impaired and written down in value. We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to develop and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results in a timely manner, which may result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim consolidated financial statements. We cannot assure you that any measures we may take in the near future will be sufficient to remediate these material weaknesses or avoid potential future material weaknesses. In addition, we may suffer adverse regulatory or other consequences, as well as negative market reaction, as a result of any material weaknesses, and we will incur additional costs as we seek to remediate these material weaknesses. The management of Legacy Getaround concluded that these material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting were due to the fact that it was a private company with limited resources and did not yet have the necessary business processes and related internal control formally designed and implemented coupled with the appropriate resources with the appropriate level of experience and technical expertise to oversee its business processes and controls surrounding risk assessment, segregation of duties and accuracy of accruals. The material weaknesses will not be considered remediated until management designs and implements effective controls that operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are effective. Our management will monitor the effectiveness of our remediation plans and will make changes management determines to be appropriate. If not remediated, these material weaknesses could result in material misstatements to our annual or interim consolidated financial statements that might not be prevented or detected on a timely basis, or in delayed filing of required periodic reports. If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or when required in the future, if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an unqualified opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our common stock could be adversely affected and we could become subject to litigation or investigations by NYSE, the SEC, or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources. Because we recognize revenue over trip duration instead of upon booking, upticks or downturns in bookings are not immediately reflected in our results of operations. We recognize revenue over trip duration. The effect of significant upticks or downturns in trip bookings in a particular quarter may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods because of this timing in revenue recognition. We issue refunds to guests as part of our customer support activities in the form of cash or travel credits applied to future trip bookings, which we account for as consideration paid to a guest and which results in a reduction of revenue. Certain of our performance and operational metrics may not accurately reflect certain details of our business, are subject to inherent challenges in measurement, and real or perceived inaccuracies in such metrics may harm our reputation and negatively affect our business. We track certain performance and operational metrics with internal systems and tools that are not independently verified by any third party and which may differ from estimates or similar metrics published by third parties due to differences in sources, methodologies, or the assumptions on which we rely. Our internal systems and tools have a number of limitations, and our methodologies for tracking these metrics may change over time, which could result in unexpected changes to our metrics, including the metrics we publicly disclose, or our estimates of our category position. If the internal systems and tools we use to track these metrics undercount or overcount performance or contain algorithmic or other technical errors, the data we report may not be accurate. While these numbers are based on what we believe to be reasonable estimates of our metrics for the applicable period of measurement, there are inherent challenges in measuring how our products are used across large populations globally. In addition, limitations or errors with respect to how we measure data or with respect to the data that we measure may affect our understanding of certain details of our business, which could affect our long-term strategies. If our operating metrics are not accurate representations of our business or perceived to be accurate, or if we discover material inaccuracies with respect to these figures, our reputation may be significantly harmed, and our operating and financial results could be negatively impacted. If our goodwill or intangible assets become impaired, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings. We carry a significant amount of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets on our consolidated balance sheet, which exposes us to the risk of significant impairments. We assess goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment each year, or more frequently if circumstances suggest an impairment may have occurred. We may determine that an impairment exists due to a variety of circumstances, such as deterioration in the performance of our business or services, adverse market conditions and changes in the 27 competitive landscape. Furthermore, we have a significant amount of identifiable intangible assets and fixed assets that could also be subject to impairment. We may never realize the full value of our goodwill and intangible assets, and if we determine that a significant impairment has occurred in the value of our unamortized intangible assets or fixed assets, we could be required to write off a portion of our assets, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. A significant portion of our business is denominated and transacted in foreign currencies, which subjects us to foreign exchange risk. Generally speaking, U.S. dollar strength adversely impacts the translation of the portion of our revenue that is generated in foreign currencies into the U.S. dollar. Our results of operations could also be negatively impacted by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar since a large portion of our costs are U.S. dollar denominated. While we may choose to enter into transactions to hedge portions of our foreign currency translation and balance sheet exposure in the future, it is impossible to predict or eliminate the effects of foreign exchange rate exposure. Strengthening of the U.S. dollar could negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition. Our debt obligations contain restrictions and limitations that could significantly impact our ability to operate our business. In connection with the Business Combination, we issued $175.0 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior secured notes (the “Convertible Notes”) pursuant to a convertible note subscription agreement, dated as of May 11, 2022 (the “Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement”). The indenture governing the Convertible Notes (the “Convertible Notes Indenture”) contains covenants that, among other things, limit our ability, the ability of our subsidiaries and the ability of the guarantors, as applicable, to: •incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred stock; •pay certain dividends or make certain distributions on capital stock or repurchase or redeem capital stock; •make certain loans, investments or other restricted payments; •incur certain liens; •transfer or sell certain assets (including transferring our intellectual property); •issue equity interests; •consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of their assets; and •enter into certain transactions with our affiliates. In addition, under the Convertible Notes Indenture, we are required to maintain a minimum liquidity amount of at least $10.0 million. Our or the guarantors’ ability to comply with the covenants and restrictions contained in the Convertible Notes Indenture and our other outstanding indebtedness may be affected by economic, financial and industry conditions beyond our or the guarantors’ control. We cannot be certain that we will have funds available to remedy these defaults. A default, if not cured or waived, may permit acceleration of our indebtedness. If our indebtedness is accelerated, we cannot be certain that we will have sufficient funds available to pay the accelerated indebtedness or have the ability to refinance the accelerated indebtedness on terms favorable to us or at all, which may force us into bankruptcy or liquidation, or, result in the foreclosure on the assets that secure the Convertible Notes and our other outstanding senior secured indebtedness, including substantially all of our intellectual property assets, which would force us to relinquish rights to such assets that we may believe are critical to our business. All of these covenants and restrictions could affect our ability to operate our business, may limit our ability in the future to satisfy currently outstanding obligations and may limit our ability to take advantage of potential business opportunities as they arise. We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to repurchase the Convertible Notes upon a fundamental change or repay the Convertible Notes in cash at their maturity, and our future debt may contain limitations on our ability to pay cash upon redemption or repurchase of the Convertible Notes. Holders of the Convertible Notes will have the right under the Convertible Notes Indenture to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their Convertible Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change before the applicable maturity date at a repurchase price equal to the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus certain make-whole premiums, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date. Moreover, we will be required to repay the Convertible Notes in cash at their maturity, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. We may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to make repurchases of such Convertible Notes surrendered or repay the Convertible Notes at their maturity. Our failure to repurchase the Convertible Notes at a time when the repurchase is required by the Convertible Notes Indenture would constitute a default under the Convertible Notes Indenture. If the payment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay the indebtedness and repurchase the Convertible Notes. We may still incur substantially more debt or take other actions that would diminish our ability to make payments on the Convertible Notes when due. We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional debt in the future, subject to the restrictions contained in our debt instruments, including the Convertible Notes Indenture. In addition, the payment of interest on the Convertible Notes through interest paid-in-kind will increase the amount of our indebtedness and increase the risks associated with our level of indebtedness. We are subject to certain restrictions under the terms of the Convertible Notes Indenture, including limitations regarding incurring future indebtedness, creating liens on our properties, paying dividends, making restricted payments or certain investments, or selling, transferring intellectual property or other assets, among other restrictions, subject to specific allowances in the Convertible Notes Indenture. However, we are not restricted from recapitalizing our debt or taking a number of other actions that are not limited by the terms of the Convertible Notes Indenture that could have the effect of diminishing our ability to make payments on the Convertible Notes when due. Our senior secured obligations, including the Convertible Notes are secured by substantially all assets of ours and the guarantors of the Convertible Notes. As a result of these security interests, such assets would only be available to satisfy claims of our general creditors or to holders of our equity securities if we were to become insolvent to the extent the value of such assets exceeded the amount of our secured indebtedness and other obligations. In addition, the existence of these security interests may adversely affect our financial flexibility. Our senior secured obligations, including the Convertible Notes, are guaranteed by certain of our subsidiaries and secured by a lien on substantially all assets of ours and the guarantors. Accordingly, if an event of default were to occur under the Convertible Notes Indenture or our other senior secured obligations, the holders of such indebtedness would have a prior right to our and the guarantors’ assets, to the exclusion of our or the guarantors’ general creditors in the event of our bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation, or reorganization. In that event, our assets and those of the guarantors would first be used to repay in full all indebtedness and other obligations under our senior secured indebtedness, including the Convertible Notes Indenture, resulting in all or a portion of our assets and those of the guarantors being unavailable to satisfy the claims of our or the guarantors’ unsecured indebtedness. Only after satisfying the claims of our and the guarantors’ unsecured creditors and our subsidiaries’ unsecured creditors would any amount be available for our equityholders. The pledge of our assets and those of the guarantors and other restrictions may limit our flexibility in raising capital for other purposes. Because substantially all of our assets and those of the guarantors are pledged under these financing arrangements, our ability to incur additional secured indebtedness or to sell or dispose of assets to raise capital may be impaired, which could have an adverse effect on our financial flexibility. We may not be able to successfully manage and limit our exposure to bad debt. Some of our expenses are attributable to uncollectible accounts expense, also known as bad debt, stemming from balances owed to us by our hosts and guests. These balances may be categorized as bad debt for a variety of reasons, including the age or amount of the outstanding balance, the absence of a valid payment method for the balance, or the perceived financial position of the marketplace user. We have taken and continue to take measures to manage and limit our exposure to bad debt. Some of these measures may reduce usage of our marketplace by preventing users with outstanding balances from booking trips or sharing their vehicles. Implementing these measures has caused and will continue to cause us to incur significant operating expenses and may result in fewer vehicles shared in our marketplace, decreased reservation volume, and reduced host and guest retention. We may not be able to increase or maintain our revenue growth rate in the future. Our growth rate also makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and may increase the risk that we will not be successful. Our operating results may vary significantly and are not necessarily an indication of future performance. Our future revenue growth depends on the growth of supply and demand for shared vehicles in our marketplace, and our business is affected by general economic and business conditions worldwide as well as trends in the global travel and mobility industries. If our revenue does not improve, we may not achieve profitability and our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be negatively impacted. We experience seasonality in our operational and financial results. We experience fluctuations in our operating and financial results, which vary based on seasonality. Historically, we generate higher revenue in the third and fourth quarters of the year compared to the first and second quarters because of increased travel during the summer and holiday seasons. Seasonality in our operational and financial results is more pronounced in Europe compared to North America, and we expect these trends to become more prominent over time if our growth slows. Other seasonal trends may develop or these existing seasonal trends may become more extreme, which would contribute to fluctuations in our operating results. Our customer support costs also increase in the second and third quarters as we increase our staffing to handle increased activity in our marketplace in those periods. We may not accurately forecast our results of operations. However, we base our spending and investment plans on forecasts and estimates, and we may not be able to adjust our spending quickly enough if our revenue is less than expected, causing our results of operations to fail to meet our expectations or the expectations of investors. In addition, any circumstance or occurrence that disrupts use of our marketplace during the peak season, could have a disproportionately adverse impact on our results of operations, or financial condition. We may experience significant fluctuations in our results of operations, including as a result of seasonality, making it difficult to project future results. Our operating results may vary significantly and are not necessarily an indication of future performance. Our ability to attract and retain new hosts and guests, increased competition in the markets in which we operate, our ability to expand our operations in new and existing markets, our ability to maintain an adequate growth rate and effectively manage that growth, our ability to keep pace with technological changes in the industries in which we operate, changes in governmental or other regulations affecting our business, harm to our brand or reputation, and other risks described elsewhere in these risk factors. As such, we may not accurately forecast our operating results. A significant portion of our expenses and investments are fixed, and we may not be able to adjust our spending quickly enough if our revenue is less than expected, resulting in losses that exceed our expectations. If we are unable to achieve sustained profits, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be negatively impacted. We rely on third-party service providers such as Amazon, Apple, AT&T, Facebook, Google, and Stripe to support our platform. Such cyber incidents could materially disrupt operational systems; result in loss of intellectual property, trade secrets or other proprietary or competitively sensitive information; compromise certain information of customers, employees, contractors, suppliers or others; jeopardize the security of our facilities; or affect the performance of our platform and hardware devices. A cyber incident could be caused by disasters, such as fires, natural disasters and power loss, terrorist attacks, war, insiders (through inadvertence or with malicious intent) or malicious third parties (including nation-states or nation-state supported actors) using sophisticated, targeted methods to circumvent firewalls, encryption and other security defenses, including hacking, fraud, trickery or other forms of deception, theft, misuse or attempts to harm our or third-party systems. The techniques used by cyber attackers change frequently and may be difficult to detect for long periods of time. Although we maintain information technology measures designed to protect us against intellectual property theft, data breaches and other cyber incidents, such measures will require updates and improvements, and we cannot guarantee that such measures will be adequate to detect, prevent or mitigate cyber incidents. The implementation, maintenance, segregation and improvement of these systems requires significant management time, support and expense. Moreover, there are inherent risks associated with developing, improving, expanding and updating current systems, including the disruption of our data management, procurement, production execution, finance, supply chain and sales and service processes. These risks may affect our ability to manage our data and inventory, procure components or produce, deliver and service our hardware devices, ensure the security of shared vehicles, adequately protect our intellectual property or achieve and maintain compliance with, or realize available benefits under, applicable laws, regulations and contracts. We cannot be sure that the systems upon which we rely, including those of our third-party vendors or suppliers, will be effectively implemented, maintained or expanded as planned. If we do not successfully implement, maintain or expand these systems as planned, our operations may be disrupted, our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results could be impaired, and deficiencies may arise in our internal control over financial reporting. If these systems do not operate as we expect them to, we may be required to expend significant resources to make corrections or find alternative sources for performing these functions. Our technology could have undetected defects, errors, vulnerabilities, or bugs in hardware or software which could damage our reputation with current or prospective hosts or guests. Our platform is a complex system that consists of interoperating hardware and software components. Our business is dependent upon our ability to prevent system interruption on our platform. Our software, including open source software that is incorporated into our code, may now or in the future contain undetected errors, bugs, or vulnerabilities. Some errors in our software code may only be discovered after the code has been released. Bugs in our software, third-party software (including open source software that is incorporated into our code), misconfigurations of our systems, and unintended interactions between systems could result in our failure to comply with certain federal, state, or foreign reporting obligations, may lead to security incidents, or could cause downtime that would impact the availability of our service to hosts and guests. We have from time to time found defects or errors in our platform and may discover additional defects in the future that could result in platform unavailability or system disruption. In addition, we have experienced outages on our platform due to circumstances within our control, such as outages due to software limitations. In addition, our release of new firmware or software in the past has inadvertently caused, and may in the future cause, interruptions in the availability or functionality of our platform. Any errors, bugs, or vulnerabilities discovered in our code or systems after release could result in an interruption in the availability of our platform, a security incident, or a negative experience for guests and hosts, and could also result in negative publicity and unfavorable media coverage, damage to our reputation, loss of hosts and guests, loss of revenue or liability for damages, regulatory inquiries, or other proceedings, any of which could negatively impact our business and financial results. If our systems and network infrastructure cannot be expanded or are not scaled to cope with increased demand or fail to perform, we could experience unanticipated disruptions in service, slower response times, decreased customer satisfaction, and delays in the introduction of new markets. Our corporate headquarters, a significant portion of our research and development activities, and certain other critical business operations are located in San Francisco. Our systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from human error, computer viruses, earthquakes, floods, fires, power loss, and similar events. In addition, Northern California has recently experienced, and may continue to experience power outages during the fire season. Our systems and operations are also subject to break-ins, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism, terrorism, and similar misconduct from external sources and malicious insiders. Our existing security measures may not be successful in preventing attacks on our systems, and any such attack could cause significant interruptions in our operations. Reductions in the availability and response time of our digital marketplace could cause loss of substantial business volumes during the occurrence of any such attack on our systems, and measures we may take to divert suspect traffic in the event of such an attack could result in the diversion of bona fide customers. These issues are likely to become more difficult to manage as we expand the number of markets where we operate and the variety of services we offer, and as the tools and techniques used in such attacks become more advanced and available. Successful attacks could result in negative publicity and damage to our reputation, and could prevent consumers from booking or visiting our platform during the attack, any of which could negatively impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition. In the event of certain system failures, we may not be able to switch to back-up systems immediately and the time to full recovery could be prolonged. We have experienced system failures from time to time. In addition to placing increased burdens on our engineering staff, these outages create a significant amount of consumer questions and complaints that need to be addressed by our community support team. Any unscheduled interruption in our service could result in an immediate and significant loss of revenue, an increase in community support costs, and harm to our reputation, and could result in some consumers switching to our competitors. If we experience frequent or persistent system failures, our brand and reputation could be permanently and significantly harmed, and our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be negatively impacted. While we have taken and continue to take steps to increase the reliability and redundancy of our systems, these steps are expensive and may not be completely effective in reducing the frequency or duration of unscheduled downtime. We do not carry business interruption insurance sufficient to compensate us for all losses that may occur. We use both internally developed systems and third-party systems to operate our platform, including transaction and payment processing, and financial and accounting systems. If the number of consumers using our platform increases substantially, or if critical third-party systems stop operating as designed, we may need to significantly upgrade, expand, or repair our transaction and payment processing systems, financial and accounting systems, and other infrastructure. We may not be able to upgrade our systems and infrastructure to accommodate such conditions in a timely manner, and depending on the systems affected, our transaction and payment processing, and financial and accounting systems could be impacted for a meaningful amount of time, which could negatively impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Our business depends on the performance and reliability of the internet, telecommunications network operators, and other infrastructures that are not under our control. As consumers increasingly turn to mobile devices, we also become dependent on consumers’ access to the Internet through mobile carriers and their systems. Disruptions in Internet access, whether generally, in a specific region or otherwise, could negatively impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Improper installation or defective hardware of a connected device could result in liability, such as in the event improper installation allows vehicles to be improperly started, which has occurred in the past. As a consequence, we could lose existing and future business. The Connect IoT device is installed into vehicles shared in our marketplace. We contract with third party service providers to install the Connect IoT device into the vehicles connected to our platform. We have in the past, and may in the future, experience issues with the installation and subsequent removal of the Connect IoT device, including improper disassembly and reassembly of interior trim panels, damage to vehicle wiring harnesses, short circuits of vehicle electrical systems, damage to vehicle keys and ignition systems, and installation of incorrect relays and other electrical components. These issues have caused certain of our Connect IoT devices and vehicles connected to our platform to function improperly or not at all. For example, vehicle batteries may be prematurely drained or their lifespans significantly shortened, vehicles may fail to start when their ignitions are activated, vehicles may become exposed to theft or damage, and the Connect IoT device may lose connectivity with our systems or prevent hosts and guests from locating, accessing, and driving vehicles. If we fail to address these issues in a satisfactory manner, hosts and guests who have experienced such issues could cease using our marketplace, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be negatively impacted as a result. System interruptions that disrupt communications with hosts, hosts’ vehicles, data and other communications with hosts, vehicles and guests would damage our reputation and brand, which could substantially harm our business and operating results. Disruptions in Internet infrastructure or GPS signals or the failure of telecommunications network operators to supply us with the bandwidth we need to support our products and offerings have interfered, and could continue to interfere with the speed, availability, and usability of our platform, hardware devices, and shared vehicles. If our platform is unavailable when hosts and guests attempt to access it, or if our platform does not load as quickly as hosts and guests expect it to, hosts and guests may not return to our platform as often in the future, or at all. Some of our hardware devices, in connection with our software application, also provide hosts with the option of having their shared vehicles immobilized during certain time periods. The availability and effectiveness of these features depend on the continued operation of information technology and telecommunications systems. If these systems become unavailable, our platform may cease to function indefinitely, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be negatively impacted as a result. We may fail to detect all malware, viruses, and other vulnerabilities on our networks and systems, which could permit a security or privacy breach. We rely heavily on information technology systems across our operations. Our information technology systems, including mobile and online platforms, administrative functions such as human resources, payroll, accounting, and internal and external communications, and the information technology systems of our third-party business partners and service providers, contain proprietary or confidential information related to business and personal data, including sensitive personal data, entrusted to us by hosts and guests, employees, and job candidates. Cyberattacks, computer malware, viruses, spamming, and phishing attacks have become more prevalent, have occurred on our systems in the past, and may occur on our systems in the future. Cyberthreats are constantly evolving and employing more sophisticated attack techniques. Our detection capabilities may not be sufficient to prevent or detect a sophisticated cyberattacker, such as a nation state using a zero day exploit or unknown malware. Breaches of our facilities, network, or data security could disrupt the security of our systems and platforms, impair our ability to protect data, compromise confidential or technical business information harming our reputation or competitive position, result in theft or misuse of our intellectual property or other assets, require us to allocate more resources to improve technologies, or otherwise negatively affect our business, reputation, financial condition, and results of operations. Our insurance may not cover all potential claims relating to any potential security incident, data breach, or privacy violation, and may not be adequate to indemnify us for all liability that may be imposed. We collect, use, and process a variety of personal data, such as names, email addresses, residential addresses, mobile phone numbers, profile photos, personal attributes, driving behavior, telematics data, geolocation information, driver’s license numbers, driving records, and consumer payment card information. Possession and use of this personal data in conducting our business may subject us to legislative and regulatory burdens in the United States and other jurisdictions that could require notification of any data breach, restrict our use of such information, and hinder our ability to acquire new customers or market to existing customers. We may incur significant expenses to comply with privacy, consumer protection and security standards and protocols imposed by laws, regulations, industry standards or contractual obligations. If users allege that we have improperly released, disclosed or processed their personal information, or if third parties improperly obtain and use the personal information of our users, we may be required to expend significant resources to resolve these problems. We may also suffer reputational damage. We have in the past, and could again in the future, face legal claims, regulatory scrutiny and fines relating to privacy and data protection compliance. As such, we are an attractive target of data security attacks by third parties. We rely on third-party service providers to host or otherwise process some of our data and that of hosts and guests, and any failure by such third party service providers to prevent or mitigate security breaches or improper access to, or use, acquisition, disclosure, alteration, or destruction of, such information could have similar adverse consequences for us. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade services, or sabotage systems change frequently and are often unrecognizable until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques and implement adequate preventative measures. Our servers and platform may be vulnerable to computer viruses or physical or electronic break-ins that our security measures may not detect. Individuals able to circumvent our security measures may misappropriate confidential, proprietary, or personal information held by or on behalf of us, disrupt our operations, damage our computers, or otherwise damage our business. In addition, any perception by the public that online transactions or the privacy of user information are becoming increasingly unsafe or vulnerable to attacks could inhibit the growth of our business and other online services generally. These third-party service providers perform customer support tasks such as verifying the identities of account holders, reviewing driving records and motor vehicle records, recording phone numbers and email addresses of hosts and guests for support purposes, making or modifying reservations on behalf of guests or hosts, enabling or preventing access to shared vehicles on behalf of guests or hosts, monitoring the locations of shared vehicles during trips, disclosing guest names and locations of shared vehicles to other third-party service providers for roadside assistance purposes, facilitating communications and mediating disputes between hosts and guests, and disclosing host, guest, and vehicle information for insurance, 33 law enforcement, or legal purposes. All third-party service providers have access to personal data of hosts and guests that we collect, and we currently do not restrict or modify access to such personal data according to the geographic location of each third-party service provider or the nature of our business relationship with a particular third-party service provider. Because our third-party service providers are located in various regions and may access personal data from our systems using various methods, we cannot be assured that all third-party service providers will access, use, disclose, protect, or erase such personal data consistently and as required by our information security policies. If a third-party service provider were to access, use, or disclose personal data of one or more hosts and guests in an unauthorized manner, we could be exposed to significant legal claims, and we may not have adequate, or any, insurance coverage or contractual remedies. If our risk scoring model is unable to permit us to effectively generate accurate trip fees for each trip, it may adversely impact our operating results, business, results of operations, and financial condition. We rely on our internally developed proprietary algorithms, which incorporate data from third-party sources as well as our own data, to improve our platform, offer personalization, and optimize the economics of trip bookings on our platform in an intelligent manner. This capability, built on machine learning algorithms, enables us to implement real-time, risk-based trip fees and takes a broad view of risk to account for an array of undesirable outcomes. If we rely on a model that fails to effectively take into account appropriate variables, or learn from data quickly enough, we may generate trip fees that do not optimize the economics of trip bookings on our platform either by setting fees too low for riskier trips or increasing fees to a degree that discourages guests from completing valuable trip bookings. Information and data collected since the outbreak of COVID-19 may not be representative of future risk, particularly with respect to business trends experienced during and after COVID-19, which may contribute to potentially setting fees too low or too high. In addition, if any of the third-party sources that provide data used to build our pricing model provides inaccurate information or limits our use of such source, in part or entirely, including by raising the price to use such third-party data, our model may suffer and become less accurate. As a result, our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be adversely affected. Even though our algorithms do not collect, analyze, or utilize attributes such as race or ethnicity, if consumers believe that we are discriminating on the basis of race or ethnicity, or that we rely on third-party data sources that have been influenced by institutional or systemic racism, our brand and reputation may suffer, we may become subject to liability and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be adversely impacted. We rely on mobile operating systems and app marketplaces to make our app available to hosts and guests, and if we do not effectively operate with or receive favorable placements within such app marketplaces and maintain high user reviews, our usage or brand recognition could decline and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected. We depend in part on mobile operating systems, such as Android and iOS, and their respective app marketplaces, to make our app available to hosts and guests who utilize our platform. Any changes in such systems and app marketplaces that degrade the functionality of our app or give preferential treatment to our competitors’ apps could adversely affect our platform’s usage on mobile devices and adversely affect our user ratings and reviews in app marketplaces. If such mobile operating systems or app marketplaces limit or prohibit us from making our app available to hosts and guests, make changes that degrade the functionality of our app, slow the rollout of our app on their app marketplaces, increase the cost of using our app, impose terms of use unsatisfactory to us, require users to opt in to enable marketing or advertising features, or modify their search or ratings algorithms in ways that are detrimental to us, or if our competitors’ placement in such mobile operating systems’ app marketplace is more prominent than the placement of our app, our user growth could slow. Any of the foregoing risks could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. As new mobile devices and mobile platforms are released, there is no guarantee that app marketplaces will continue to list our app or that certain mobile devices will continue to support our platform or effectively roll out updates to our app. In addition, in order to deliver a high-quality app, we need to ensure that our platform is designed to work effectively with a range of mobile technologies, systems, networks, and standards. We may not be successful in developing or maintaining relationships with key participants in the mobile industry that enhance users’ experience. If hosts or guests who utilize our platform encounter any difficulty accessing or using our app on their mobile devices or if we are unable to adapt to changes in popular mobile operating systems, our user growth and user engagement would be adversely affected. We hold intellectual property rights related to our brand; certain content and design elements on our platform; inventions related to our platform and the Connect IoT device; and audio and visual assets. This includes registered domain names, registered and unregistered trademarks, service marks, and copyrights, patents and patent applications, trade secrets, licenses of intellectual property rights of various kinds, and other forms of intellectual property rights in the United States and in a number of countries around the world. In the future we may acquire or license patents or patent portfolios, or other intellectual property assets and rights from third parties, which could require significant cash expenditures. Our pending and future trademark and patent applications may not be approved. Furthermore, effective intellectual property protection may not be available in every country in which we operate or intend to operate our business. There can be no assurance that other businesses will not offer technologies, products, services, features, or concepts that are substantially similar to ours and compete with our business, or copy or otherwise obtain, disclose and/or use our brand, content, design elements, creative, editorial, and entertainment assets, or other proprietary information without authorization. We may be unable to prevent third parties from seeking to register, acquire, or otherwise obtain trademarks, service marks, domain names, or social media handles that are similar to, infringe upon or diminish the value of our trademarks, service marks, copyrights, and our other proprietary rights. Third parties may also obtain or misappropriate certain of our data through website scraping, robots, or other means to launch copycat sites, aggregate our data for their internal use, or to feature or provide our data through their respective websites, and/or launch businesses monetizing this data. While we routinely employ technological and legal measures in an attempt to divert, halt, or mitigate such operations, we may not always be able to detect or halt the underlying activities as technologies used to accomplish these operations continue to rapidly evolve. Our intellectual property assets and rights are essential to our business. If the protection of our proprietary rights and data is inadequate to prevent unauthorized use or misappropriation by third parties, the value of our brand and other intangible assets may be diminished and competitors may be able to more effectively mimic our technologies, offerings, or features or methods of operations. Even if we do detect violations or misappropriations and decide to enforce our rights, litigation may be necessary to enforce our rights, and any enforcement efforts we undertake could be time-consuming and expensive, could divert our management’s attention, and may result in a court determining that certain of our intellectual property rights are unenforceable. If our trademarks and trade names are not adequately protected, we may not be able to build name recognition in our markets of interest and our business, financial condition, results of operation, and prospects may be adversely affected. Our registered or unregistered trademarks or trade names may be challenged, circumvented, or determined to be infringing on other marks. There can be no assurance that competitors will not infringe our trademarks, that we will have adequate resources to enforce our trademarks or that any of our current or future trademark applications will be approved. During trademark registration proceedings, we may receive rejections and, although we are given an opportunity to respond, we may be unable to overcome such rejections. In addition, in proceedings before the United States Patent and Trademark Office and in proceedings before comparable agencies in many foreign jurisdictions, trademarks are examined for registrability against prior pending and registered third-party trademarks, and third parties are given an opportunity to oppose registration of pending trademark applications and/or to seek cancellation of registered trademarks. Applications to register our trademarks may be finally rejected, and opposition or cancellation proceedings may be filed against our trademarks, which may necessitate a change in branding strategy if such rejections and proceedings cannot be overcome or resolved. We have been, and may in the future be, subject to claims that we or others violated certain third-party intellectual property rights, which, even where meritless, can be costly to defend and could adversely affect our business. We have received in the past, and may receive in the future, communications from third parties, including practicing and non-practicing entities, claiming that we have infringed, misused, or otherwise misappropriated their intellectual property rights, including alleged patent infringement. Additionally, we have been, and may in the future be, involved in claims, suits, regulatory proceedings, and other proceedings involving alleged infringement, misuse, or misappropriation of third-party intellectual property rights, or relating to our intellectual property holdings and rights, which regardless of merit, could be time consuming and expensive to litigate or settle and could divert our management’s attention and other resources. Claims involving intellectual property could subject us to significant liability for damages and could result in our having to stop using certain technologies, content, branding, or business methods found to be in violation of another party’s rights. We might be required or may opt to seek a license for rights to intellectual property held by others, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Even if a license is available, we could be required to pay significant royalties. We may introduce new features and services or make changes to our platform or make other business changes, including in areas where we currently do not compete, which could increase our exposure to patent, copyright, trademark, and other intellectual property rights claims from competitors, other practicing entities and non-practicing entities. Similarly, our exposure to risks associated with various intellectual property claims may increase as a result of acquisitions of other companies. Moreover, like many other companies in the Internet and technology industries, we sometimes enter into agreements which include indemnification provisions related to intellectual property which can subject us to costs and damages in the event of a claim against an indemnified third party. We have in the past incorporated and may in the future incorporate certain “open source” software into our code base as we continue to develop our platform. Open source software is generally licensed by its authors or other third parties under open source licenses, which in some instances may subject us to certain unfavorable conditions, including requirements that we offer our products that incorporate the open source software for no cost, that we make publicly available the source code for any modifications or derivative works we create based upon, incorporating or using the open source software, or that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of the particular open source license. From time to time, companies that use open source software have faced claims challenging the use of open source software or compliance with open source license terms. Furthermore, there is an increasing number of open-source software license types, almost none of which have been tested in a court of law, resulting in a dearth of guidance regarding the proper legal interpretation of such licenses. We could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software or claiming noncompliance with open source licensing terms. While we employ practices designed to monitor our compliance with the licenses of third-party open source software and protect our proprietary source code, inadvertent use of open source software is fairly common in software development in the Internet and technology industries. Risks Related to Our Regulatory Environment We may be subject to governmental economic and trade sanctions laws and regulations that limit the scope of our marketplace. Additionally, failure to comply with applicable economic and trade sanctions laws and regulations could subject us to liability and negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We are required to comply with economic and trade sanctions administered by governments where we operate, including the U.S. government (including without limitation regulations administered and enforced by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) and the U.S. Department of State) and the Council of the European Union. These economic and trade sanctions prohibit or restrict transactions to or from or dealings with certain specified countries, regions, their governments and, in certain circumstances, their nationals, and with individuals and entities that are specially-designated, such as individuals and entities included on OFAC’s List of Specially Designated Nationals. Any future economic and trade sanctions imposed in jurisdictions where we operate could negatively impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Non-compliance with anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, financial and economic sanctions and similar laws can subject us to administrative, civil and criminal fines and penalties, collateral consequences, remedial measures and legal expenses, all of which could materially adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations. We are or will be subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, financial and economic sanctions and similar laws and regulations in various jurisdictions in which we conduct or in the future may conduct activities, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), the U.K. Bribery Act 2010, and other anti-corruption laws and regulations. The FCPA and the U.K. Bribery Act 2010 prohibit us and our officers, directors, employees and business partners acting on our behalf, including agents, from corruptly offering, promising, authorizing or providing anything of value to a “foreign official” for the purposes of influencing official decisions or obtaining or retaining business or otherwise obtaining favorable treatment. The FCPA also requires companies to make and keep books, records and accounts that accurately reflect transactions and dispositions of assets and to maintain a system of adequate internal accounting controls. The U.K. Bribery Act also prohibits non-governmental “commercial” bribery and soliciting or accepting bribes. A violation of these laws or regulations could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation. Non-compliance with anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering or financial and economic sanctions laws could subject us to whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, and severe administrative, civil and criminal sanctions, collateral consequences, remedial measures and legal expenses, all of which could materially adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations. We could face liability for information or content on or accessible through our marketplace. We could face claims relating to information or content that is made available in our marketplace. Our marketplace relies upon content that is created and posted by hosts, guests, or other third parties. While we rely on a variety of statutory and common-law frameworks and defenses, including those provided by the DMCA, the CDA, the fair-use doctrine and various tort law defenses in the United States and the E-Commerce Directive in the European Union, differences between statutes, limitations on immunity or responsibility, requirements to maintain immunity or proportionate responsibility, and moderation efforts in the many jurisdictions in which we operate may affect our ability to rely on these frameworks and defenses, or create uncertainty regarding liability for information or content uploaded by hosts and guests or otherwise contributed by third-parties to our marketplace. Moreover, regulators in the United States and in other countries may introduce new regulatory regimes that increase potential liability for information or content available in our marketplace. For example, in the United States, laws such as the CDA, which have previously been interpreted to provide substantial protection to interactive computer service providers, may change and become less predictable or unfavorable by legislative action or juridical interpretation. There have been various federal legislative efforts to restrict the scope of the protections available to online platforms under the CDA, in particular with regards to Section 230 of the CDA, and current protections from liability for third-party content in the United States could decrease or change. There is proposed U.S. federal legislation seeking to hold marketplaces liable for user-generated content. We could incur significant costs investigating and defending such claims and, if we are found liable, significant damages. The European Union is also reviewing the regulation of digital services, and in December 2020, the European Commission published a draft of the proposed Digital Services Act (“DSA”), a package of legislation intended to update the liability and safety rules for digital platforms, products, and services, which could negatively impact the scope of the limited immunity provided by the E-Commerce Directive. Some European jurisdictions have also proposed or intend to pass legislation that imposes new obligations and liabilities on platforms with respect to certain types of harmful content. In parallel, the European Commission also published a legislative proposal to introduce new ex ante regulation of online platforms and new market investigation powers as a separate piece of legislation, the Digital Markets Act (“DMA”). If the DMA is enacted, it may contain certain regulatory requirements and/or obligations that negatively impact our business. Some European jurisdictions (such as the United Kingdom and Germany) are also reviewing their competition rules in relation to digital platforms which could lead to new regulations similar to the DMA at national level. While the scope and timing of these proposals are currently evolving, if enacted and applied to our platform, the new rules may adversely affect our business. Because liability often flows from information or content in our marketplace or services accessed through our platform, as we continue to expand our platform, tiers, and scope of business, both in terms of the range of features, services and geographical operations, we may face or become subject to additional or different laws and regulations. Our potential liability for information or content created by third parties and posted to our platform could require us to implement additional measures to reduce our exposure to such liability, may require us to expend significant resources, may limit the desirability of our platform to hosts and guests, may cause damage to our brand or reputation, and may cause us to incur time and costs defending such claims in litigation, thereby materially adversely affecting our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We may be subject to damages resulting from claims that we or our employees have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of our employees’ former employers. We may be subject to claims that we or our employees have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed trade secrets or other proprietary information of an employee’s former employers. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. If we fail in defending such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and demand on management resources. We currently rely on third-party vendors to provide payment processing services, including the processing of payments from credit cards and debit cards, and our business would be disrupted if our vendors refuse to provide these services or reservation revenue to us and we are unable to find a suitable replacement on a timely basis or at all. If we or our processing vendors fail to maintain adequate systems for the authorization and processing of credit card transactions, such failures could cause one or more of the major credit card companies to disallow our continued use of their payment products. In addition, if these systems fail to work properly and, as a result, we do not charge our customers’ credit cards on a timely basis or at all, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be harmed. If we fail to comply with applicable rules or requirements for the payment methods we accept, or if payment-related data are compromised due to a breach of data, we may be liable for significant costs incurred by payment card issuing banks and other third parties or subject to fines and higher transaction fees, or our ability to accept or facilitate certain types of payments may be impaired. We process a significant volume and dollar value of transactions on a daily basis. Such instances have and can lead to the reversal of payments received by us for such reservations, referred to as a “chargeback.” For 2023, total chargeback expense was $893,000. Our ability to detect and combat fraudulent schemes, which have become increasingly common and sophisticated, could be adversely impacted by the adoption of new payment methods, the emergence and innovation of new technology platforms, including mobile and other devices, and our growth in certain regions, including in regions with a history of elevated fraudulent activity. We expect that technically-knowledgeable criminals will continue to attempt to circumvent our anti-fraud systems. In addition, the payment card networks have rules around acceptable chargeback ratios. If we are unable to effectively combat fictitious listings and fraudulent bookings in our marketplace, combat the use of fraudulent or stolen credit cards, or otherwise maintain or lower our current levels of chargebacks, we may be subject to fines and higher transaction fees or be unable to continue to accept card payments because payment card networks have revoked our access to their networks, any of which would materially adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Payments for trips booked through our marketplace are susceptible to potentially illegal or improper uses, including money laundering, transactions in violation of economic and trade sanctions, corruption and bribery, terrorist financing, fraudulent listings, host account takeovers, or the facilitation of other illegal activity. We have taken measures to detect and reduce fraud and illegal activities, but these measures need to be continually improved and may add friction to our reservation process. Payments for trips booked through our marketplace are subject to extensive government regulation and oversight. Our failure to comply with extensive, complex, overlapping, and frequently changing laws, rules, regulations, policies, legal interpretations, and regulatory guidance could negatively impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Payments for trips booked through our marketplace are subject to various laws, rules, regulations, policies, legal interpretations, and regulatory guidance, including those governing: cross-border and domestic money transmission and funds transfers; stored value and prepaid access; foreign exchange; privacy, data protection, and cybersecurity; banking secrecy; payment services (including payment processing and settlement services); consumer protection; economic and trade sanctions; anti-corruption and anti-bribery; and anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing. As we expand and localize our international activities, we have and will become increasingly subject to the laws of additional countries or geographies. In addition, because we facilitate reservations in our marketplace worldwide, one or more jurisdictions may claim that we or our customers are required to comply with their laws. Laws outside of the United States regulating payments often impose different, more specific, or even conflicting obligations on us, as well as broader liability. For example, certain transactions that may be permissible in a local jurisdiction may be prohibited by OFAC regulations or U.S. anti-money laundering or counter-terrorist financing regulations. We have assessed, and will continue to assess, the adequacy of our policies, procedures, and internal controls for ensuring compliance with applicable laws, rules, regulations, policies, legal interpretations, and regulatory guidance, including the ones described below. Through these assessments, we have identified, and may in the future identify, certain gaps or weaknesses in our existing compliance programs, including in our policies, procedures, or internal controls. As a result of findings from these assessments, we have, are, and may in the future take certain actions, such as implementing enhancements to our compliance measures and amending, updating, or revising our policies, procedures, and internal controls, and other operational frameworks, designed to monitor for and ensure compliance with existing and new laws, rules, regulations, policies, legal interpretations, and regulatory guidance. Implementing appropriate measures to fully remediate or address findings from assessments of our compliance programs may require us to incur significant costs. The complexity of global regulatory and enforcement regimes, coupled with the global scope of our operations and the evolving global regulatory environment, could result in a single event giving rise to a large number of overlapping investigations and legal and regulatory proceedings by multiple government authorities in different jurisdictions, and have an adverse impact on, or result in the termination of, our relationships with financial institutions and other service providers on whom we rely for payment processing services. Our ability to track and verify transactions to comply with these regulations, including the ones described in this risk factor, require a high level of internal controls. As our business continues to grow and regulations change, we must continue to strengthen our associated internal controls. Any failure to maintain the necessary controls could result in reputational harm and result in significant penalties and fines from regulators. Our failure to properly manage funds held on behalf of customers could negatively impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition. When a guest books and pays for a trip on our platform, we hold the total amount paid by the guest until the 15th calendar day of the month immediately following the month during which the guest’s trip was completed, at which time we initiate the payment process to the host and retain our commission and platform-related fees. Accordingly, at any given time, we (or our third-party payment processor) hold on behalf of our hosts and guests a substantial amount of funds. Our ability to manage and account accurately for the cash underlying our customer funds requires a high level of internal controls. As our business continues to grow and we expand into new jurisdictions, we must continue to strengthen our associated internal controls. In addition, our access to the cash underlying our customer funds could be significantly impaired by the financial institutions with which we have arrangements directly facing liquidity constraints or failures. Any failure to maintain the necessary controls or to manage the assets underlying our customer funds accurately could result in reputational harm, lead customers to discontinue or reduce their use of our platform, and result in significant penalties and fines from regulators, each of which could negatively impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Uncertainty in the application of taxes, including sales or related taxes, to our hosts, guests, or platform could increase our tax liabilities and may discourage hosts and guests from conducting business on our marketplace. We are subject to a variety of taxes and tax collection obligations in the United States (federal, state, and local) and numerous foreign jurisdictions. We have received communications from federal, state, and local governments regarding the application of tax laws or regulations to our business or demanding data about our hosts and guests to aid in threatened or actual enforcement actions against our hosts and guests. In many jurisdictions where applicable, we have agreed to collect and remit taxes on behalf of our hosts. We have been subject to complaints by certain government entities for alleged responsibility for direct and indirect taxes. In some jurisdictions we are in dispute with respect to past and future taxes. A number of jurisdictions have proposed or implemented new tax laws or interpreted existing laws to explicitly apply various taxes to businesses like ours. Laws and regulations relating to taxes as applied to our platform, and to our hosts and guests, vary greatly among jurisdictions, and it is difficult or impossible to predict how such laws and regulations will be applied. The application of indirect taxes, such as sales and use tax, privilege taxes, excise taxes, VAT, goods and services tax, harmonized sales taxes, business tax, and gross receipt taxes, and potentially rental car taxes (together, “indirect taxes”) to e-commerce activities such as ours and to our hosts or guests is a complex and evolving issue. Some of such tax laws or regulations hold us responsible for the reporting, collection, and payment of such taxes, and such laws could be applied to us for transactions conducted in the past as well as transactions in the future. Many of the statutes and regulations that impose these taxes were established before the adoption and growth of the Internet and e-commerce. New or revised foreign, federal, state, or local tax regulations may subject us or our hosts and guests to additional indirect, income, and other taxes, and depending upon the jurisdiction could subject us or our hosts and guests to significant monetary penalties and fines for non-payment of taxes. An increasing number of jurisdictions are considering adopting or have adopted laws or administrative practices that impose new tax measures, including digital platform revenue-based taxes, targeting online sharing platforms and online marketplaces, and new obligations to collect host income taxes, sales, consumption, value added, or other taxes on digital platforms. We may recognize additional tax expenses and be subject to additional tax liabilities, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by additional taxes of this nature or additional taxes or penalties resulting from our failure to comply with any reporting, collection, and payment obligations. We accrue a reserve for such taxes when the likelihood is probable that such taxes apply to us, and upon examination or audit, such reserves may be insufficient. New or revised taxes and, in particular, the taxes described above and similar taxes would likely increase the price paid by guests, the cost of doing business for our hosts, discourage hosts and guests from using our platform, and lead to a decline in revenue, and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. If we are required to disclose personal data pursuant to demands from government agencies for tax reporting purposes, our hosts, guests, and regulators could perceive such disclosure as a failure by us to comply with privacy and data protection policies, notices, and laws and commence proceedings or actions against us. If we do not provide the requested information to government agencies due to a disagreement on the interpretation of the law, we are likely to face enforcement action, engage in litigation, face increased regulatory scrutiny, and experience an adverse impact in our relationships with governments. Our competitors may arrive at different or novel solutions to the application of taxes to analogous businesses that could cause our hosts and guests to leave our marketplace in favor of conducting business on the platforms of our competitors. This uncertainty around the application of taxes and the impact of those taxes on the actual or perceived value of our marketplace may also cause guests to use rental car agencies or other traditional mobility services. We are subject to a variety of complex, evolving, and sometimes inconsistent and ambiguous laws and regulations in the United States and in Europe that may adversely impact our operations and discourage hosts and guests from using our marketplace, and that could cause us to alter our business and/or incur significant expenses and liabilities, including fines and criminal penalties. Hosts list, and guests search for, cars on our marketplace in over 1,000 cities across 8 countries worldwide, including in the United States and across Europe, as of December 31, 2023. There are national, state, and local laws and regulations in jurisdictions that relate to or affect our business. Moreover, the laws and regulations of each jurisdiction in which we operate are distinct and may result in inconsistent or ambiguous interpretations among local, regional, or national laws or regulations applicable to our business. Compliance with laws and regulations of different jurisdictions imposing varying standards and requirements is burdensome for businesses like ours, imposes added cost, increases potential liability to our business, and makes it difficult to realize business efficiencies and economies of scale. For example, we incur significant operational costs to comply with requirements of jurisdictions that have disparate requirements around licensure, tax collection, tax reporting, insurance, consumer protection, and other regulations. In addition, climate change and greater emphasis on sustainability could lead to regulatory efforts to address the carbon impact of transportation and mobility. We incur significant expenses and commit significant resources to maintain our marketplace in compliance with laws and regulations. However, it may be difficult or impossible for us to investigate or evaluate laws or regulations in all jurisdictions in which we operate or to make the necessary changes to our marketplace to be or remain in compliance in a timely manner. Certain laws apply to our hosts and/or guests. While we require our hosts and guests to comply with their own independent legal obligations under our terms of service, we have limited means of enforcing or ensuring the compliance of our hosts and guests with all applicable legal requirements. Governments may try to hold us responsible for laws and regulations that apply to our hosts and/or guests. Our efforts to influence legislative and regulatory proposals have an uncertain chance of success, could be limited by laws regulating lobbying or advocacy activity in certain jurisdictions, and even if successful, could be expensive and time consuming, and could divert the attention of management from operations. Any failure or perceived failure to comply with existing or new laws and regulations, including the ones described in these risk factors, or orders of any governmental authority, including changes to or expansion of their interpretations, may subject us to significant fines, penalties, criminal and civil lawsuits, forfeiture of significant assets, enforcement actions in one or more jurisdictions, result in additional compliance and licensure requirements, and increased regulatory scrutiny of our business. In addition, we may be forced to restrict or change our operations or business practices, make product changes, or delay planned product launches or improvements. Any of the foregoing could materially adversely affect our brand, reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations. We may become subject to pricing regulations, as well as related litigation or regulatory inquiries. Our revenue is dependent, in part, on the pricing models we use to calculate reservation prices, deposits, fees, fines, charges, reimbursements, and commissions. Our pricing models, including dynamic pricing, may become subject to regulatory challenges and restrictions in certain jurisdictions. Regulation of and changes to our pricing models could increase our operating costs and adversely affect our business. Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited, including in connection with a change of ownership. As of December 31, 2023, we had U.S. federal NOL (“NOL”) carryforwards of $15.5 million that begin to expire in 2031, and $109.5 million that have an unlimited carryover period. As of December 31, 2023, we had U.S. state NOL carryforwards of $43.2 million that begin to expire in 2027 and $2.2 million that have an unlimited carryover period. As of December 31, 2023, we had foreign NOL carryforwards of $0.9 million that begin to expire in 2026 and $26.8 million that have an unlimited carryover period. Realization of these NOL carryforwards depends on our future taxable income, and there is a risk that our existing NOL carryforwards could expire unused (to the extent subject to expiration) and be unavailable to offset future taxable income, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” generally defined as a greater than 50 percentage point change (by value) in its equity ownership by significant stockholders or groups of stockholders over a three-year period, the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change NOL carryforwards and other pre-change tax attributes, such as research tax credits, to offset its post-change taxable income or income tax liabilities may be limited. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. We may have undergone ownership changes in the past, and we may experience ownership changes in the future because of shifts in our stock ownership, many of which are outside of our control. As a result, our ability to use our NOL carryforwards and other tax attributes to offset future U.S. federal taxable income or income tax liabilities may be, or may become, subject to limitations, which could result in increased future tax liability to us. The tax regimes we are subject to or operate under are unsettled and may be subject to significant change. Changes in tax laws or tax rulings, or changes in interpretations of existing laws, could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. For example, on December 22, 2017, the legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was enacted, which contains significant changes to U.S. tax law, including a reduction in the corporate tax rate and a transition to a more territorial system of taxation. The impact of the Tax Act will likely be subject to ongoing technical guidance and accounting interpretation, the issuance of which could materially affect our tax obligations and effective tax rate in the period issued. On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act contains certain tax provisions, including provisions that retroactively and/or temporarily suspend or relax in certain respects the application of certain provisions in the Tax Act, such as the limitations on the deduction of NOL and interest. In addition, many countries in Europe, as well as a number of other countries and states, have recently proposed or recommended changes to existing tax laws or have enacted new laws that could significantly increase our tax obligations in many countries and states where we do business or require us to change the manner in which we operate our business. The European Commission and several countries have issued proposals that would change various aspects of the current tax framework under which we are taxed. These proposals include changes to the existing framework to calculate income tax, as well as proposals to change or impose new types of non-income (including indirect) taxes, including taxes based on a percentage of revenue. For example, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, among others, have each proposed or enacted taxes applicable to digital services, which includes business activities on digital platforms and would likely apply to our business. The European Commission has conducted investigations in multiple countries focusing on whether local country tax rulings or tax law provide preferential tax treatment that violates European Union state aid rules and concluded that certain countries have provided illegal state aid in certain cases. These investigations may result in changes to the tax treatment of our foreign operations. Due to the large and increasing scale of our international business activities, many of these types of changes to the taxation of our activities described above and in our risk factor titled “— Uncertainty in the application of taxes, including sales or related taxes, to our hosts, guests, or platform could increase our tax liabilities and may discourage hosts and guests from conducting business in our marketplace” could increase our worldwide effective tax rate, increase the amount of non-income (including indirect) taxes imposed on our business, and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Such changes may also apply retroactively to our historical operations and result in taxes greater than the amounts estimated and recorded in our financial statements. We may have exposure to greater than anticipated income tax liabilities. Our income tax obligations are based in part on our corporate operating structure and intercompany arrangements, including the manner in which we operate our business, develop, value, manage, protect, and use our intellectual property, and determine the value of our intercompany transactions. The tax laws applicable to our business, including those of the United States and other jurisdictions, are subject to interpretation and certain jurisdictions are aggressively interpreting their laws in new ways in an effort to raise additional tax revenue from companies such as ours. We are subject to regular review and audit by U.S. federal, state, local, and foreign tax authorities. For example, as of December 31, 2023, all tax years are subject to examination by the respective taxing authorities. Generally, in the U.S. federal and state taxing jurisdictions, tax periods in which certain loss and credit carryovers are generated remain open for audit until such time as the limitation period ends for the year in which such losses or credits are utilized. The taxing authorities of the jurisdictions in which we operate may challenge our methodologies for valuing developed technology or intercompany arrangements, which could increase our worldwide effective tax rate and materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our provision for (benefit from) income taxes is also determined by the manner in which we operate our business, and any changes to such operations or laws applicable to such operations may affect our effective tax rate. Changes in accounting for intercompany transactions may also affect our effective tax rate. Although we believe that our provision for (benefit from) income taxes is reasonable, the ultimate tax outcome may differ from the amounts recorded in our financial statements and could materially affect our financial results in the period or periods for which such determination is made. In addition, our future tax expense could be adversely affected by earnings being lower than anticipated in jurisdictions that have lower statutory tax rates and higher than anticipated in jurisdictions that have higher statutory tax rates, by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, or by changes in tax laws, regulations, or accounting principles. We may also be subject to additional tax liability relating to indirect or other non-income taxes, as described in our risk factor titled “— Uncertainty in the application of taxes, including sales or related taxes, to our hosts, guests, or platform could increase our tax liabilities and may discourage hosts and guests from conducting business in our marketplace.” Our tax positions or tax returns are subject to change, and therefore we cannot accurately predict whether we may incur material additional tax liabilities in the future, which would materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Any subsequent integration or continued operation of such acquired businesses may result in an increased effective tax rate in certain jurisdictions or potential indirect tax costs, which could result in us incurring additional tax liabilities or having to establish a reserve in our consolidated financial statements, and which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. To the extent we fail to comply with federal, state, and foreign laws relating to privacy and data protection, we have in the past faced regulatory scrutiny, and may in the future face potentially significant liability, regulatory scrutiny and penalties, negative publicity, an erosion of trust, and increased regulation. Privacy and data protection laws, rules, and regulations are complex, and their interpretation is rapidly evolving, making implementation and enforcement, and thus compliance requirements, ambiguous, uncertain, and potentially inconsistent. Compliance with such laws may require changes to our data collection, use, transfer, disclosure, other processing, and certain other related business practices, including our collection and usage of telematics, geolocation and GPS information, and may thereby increase compliance costs or have other material adverse effects on our business. As part of our host and guest registration and business processes, we collect and use personal data, such as names, dates of birth, email addresses, phone numbers, and identity verification information (for example, government issued driver’s licenses and driving records), as well as credit card or other financial information that hosts and guests provide to us. The laws of many states and countries require businesses that maintain such personal data to implement reasonable measures to keep such information secure and otherwise restrict the ways in which such information can be collected and used. For example, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation and the equivalent in the United Kingdom (collectively, the “GDPR”) has resulted and will continue to result in significantly greater compliance burdens and costs and increased risk of regulatory fines. The GDPR regulates our collection, control, processing, sharing, disclosure, storage, and other use of data that can directly or indirectly identify a living individual (“personal data”), and imposes stringent data protection requirements with significant penalties, including the risk of civil litigation, for noncompliance. Among other things, the GDPR, and related directives such as the ePrivacy Directive, regulate how we collect a wide-range of personal data including our ability to track individuals online using technologies such as cookies, or our ability to permit third parties to track individuals online using such technology. Modifications to websites as part of the ordinary course of business can inadvertently cause data leakage (i.e., data to be sent to third parties without fully obtaining consent). In addition, standards regarding acceptable mechanisms for obtaining visitor consent to the use of tracking technologies continue to evolve. Privacy regulators, and privacy advocates, routinely test the websites of companies to file complaints. Failure to comply with the GDPR, and related European privacy laws, may result in fines of up to 20 million Euros or up to 4% of the annual global revenue of the infringer, whichever is greater. It may also lead to civil litigation, with the risks of damages or injunctive relief, and has in the past and may again in the future lead to regulatory orders adversely impacting the ways in which our business can use personal data. Many large geographies, which are important to our success, have passed or are in the process of passing comparable or other robust data privacy legislation or regulation, which may lead to additional costs and increase our overall risk exposure. Additionally, we are subject to laws, rules, and regulations regarding cross-border transfers of personal data, including laws relating to transfer of personal data outside the European Economic Area (“EEA”). Recent legal developments in Europe have created complexity and uncertainty regarding transfers of personal data from the EEA to the United States and other jurisdictions; for example, on July 16, 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union (the “CJEU”) invalidated the EU-US Privacy Shield Framework (“Privacy Shield”) under which personal data could be transferred from the EEA to US entities that had self-certified under the Privacy Shield scheme. While the CJEU upheld the adequacy of the standard contractual clauses (a standard form of contract approved by the European Commission as an adequate personal data transfer mechanism, and potential alternative to the Privacy Shield), it noted that reliance on them alone may not necessarily be sufficient in all circumstances; this has created uncertainty and increased the risk around our international operations. In addition to other mechanisms (particularly standard contractual clauses), we previously relied on our own Privacy Shield certification for the purposes of transferring personal data from the EEA to the United States. We continue to rely on the standard contractual clauses to transfer personal data outside the EEA. Following guidance from the European Data Protection Board and the UK Information Commissioner’s Office, we are also now required to conduct transfer impact assessments in connection with our use of the standard contractual clauses and international data transfer addenda. As the European Data Protection Board and other data protection regulators issue further guidance on personal data export mechanisms, including circumstances where the standard contractual clauses cannot be used, and/or start taking enforcement action, we could suffer additional costs, complaints and/or regulatory investigations or fines, and/or if we are otherwise unable to transfer personal data between and among countries and regions in which we operate, it could affect the manner in which we provide our services, the geographical location or segregation of our relevant systems and operations, and could adversely affect our financial results. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”) took effect on January 1, 2020. The CCPA establishes a new privacy framework for covered businesses such as ours, and may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and incur compliance related costs and expenses. The CCPA provides new and enhanced data privacy rights to California residents, such as affording consumers the right to access and delete their information and to opt out of certain sharing and sales of personal information. The law also prohibits covered businesses from discriminating against consumers (for example, charging more for services) for exercising any of their CCPA rights. The CCPA imposes severe statutory damages as well as a private right of action for certain data breaches that result in the loss of personal information. This private right of action is expected to increase the likelihood of, and risks associated with, data breach litigation. It remains unclear how various provisions of the CCPA will be interpreted and enforced. In November 2020, California voters passed the California Privacy Rights and Enforcement Act of 2020 (“CPRA”). The CPRA further expands the CCPA with additional data privacy compliance requirements that may impact our business, and establishes a regulatory agency dedicated to enforcing those requirements. Since the passage of the CPRA, Virginia, Colorado, Utah and Connecticut have passed comparable legislation, which will become effective in 2023, and other states may subsequently pass comparable legislation, with potentially greater penalties, and more rigorous compliance requirements relevant to our business. The effects of the CPRA, the CCPA, and other similar state or federal laws, are significant and may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and potential liability in an effort to comply with such legislation. Furthermore, we use telematics, mobile technology, geolocation and GPS information, and algorithms to collect and analyze data that informs certain marketplace fees and policies, claims management, safety, and customer support interactions, and our business processes. We also leverage our dataset in our Getaround TrustScore artificial intelligence (“AI”) technology for risk and pricing optimization aimed to improve the trust, safety and economics of our marketplace. Our ability to continue to collect, use, and process this data, and to maintain the confidentiality of our proprietary technology and processes will have a significant impact on our future success. In recent years, use of these data has come under increased regulatory scrutiny, and AI technologies such as our Getaround TrustScore are also subject to privacy and data security laws, as well as increasing regulation and scrutiny. For example, there are specific rules on the use of automated decision making under the GDPR that require the existence of automated decision making to be disclosed to the data subject with a meaningful explanation of the logic used in such decision making in certain circumstances, and safeguards must be implemented to protect individual rights, including the right to obtain human intervention and to contest any decision. Other existing laws such as the CCPA, future and recently adopted laws such as the CPRA and those in Virginia, Colorado, Utah and Connecticut, and evolving attitudes about privacy protection may similarly impair our ability to collect, use, and maintain data points of sufficient type or quantity to develop and train our algorithms. Several jurisdictions around the globe, such as Europe and certain U.S. states, have also proposed or enacted laws governing AI. For example, European regulators have adopted a stringent regulatory framework for AI that is expected to enter into force in 2024, and we expect other jurisdictions will adopt similar laws. These obligations may make it harder for us to conduct our business using AI, lead to regulatory fines or penalties, require us to change our business practices, retrain our AI, or prevent or limit our use of AI. For example, the Federal Trade Commission has required other companies to turn over (or disgorge) valuable insights or trainings generated through the use of where they allege the company has violated privacy and consumer protection laws. Other regulators have expressed interest in the use of external data sources, algorithms and/or predictive models in insurance underwriting or rating. Specifically, regulators have raised questions about the potential for unfair discrimination, disparate impact, and lack of transparency associated with the use of external consumer data. A determination by federal or state regulators that the data points we collect and the process we use for collecting this data unfairly discriminates against a protected class of people could subject us to fines and other sanctions, including, but not limited to, disciplinary action, revocation and suspension of licenses, and withdrawal of product forms. Although we have implemented policies and procedures into our business operations that we feel are appropriately calibrated to our machine learning and automation-driven operations, these policies and procedures may prove inadequate to manage our use of this nascent technology, resulting in a greater likelihood of inadvertent legal or compliance failures. Various other governments and consumer agencies around the world have also called for new regulation and changes in industry practices and many have enacted different and often contradictory requirements for protecting personal information collected and maintained electronically. If any jurisdiction in which we operate adopts news laws or changes its interpretation of its laws, rules, or regulations relating to data residency or localization such that we are unable to comply in a timely manner or at all, we could risk losing our rights to operate in such jurisdictions. While we have invested and continue to invest significant resources to comply with GDPR, CCPA, and other privacy regulations around the world, many of these regulations expose us to the possibility of material penalties, significant legal liability, changes in how we operate or offer our products, and interruptions or cessation of our ability to operate in key geographies, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Such verification procedures may include utilizing public information on the internet, accessing public databases such as court records, utilizing third-party vendors to analyze host or guest data, or physical inspection. These types of activities have in the past exposed us to regulatory scrutiny, and may expose us to the risk of regulatory enforcement from privacy regulators and civil litigation. In addition, we are subject to certain consumer protection laws, such as the Driver’s Privacy Protection Act (the “DPPA”), and the Fair Credit Reporting Act (the “FCRA”). These laws govern how we collect, store, use, and disclose driver information and other personal information. If we fail to observe these restrictions, we have in the past and may again in the future become subject to governmental inquiries, regulatory enforcement actions, and various fees, fines, and penalties. As a result, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be negatively impacted. As discussed above, we are required to disclose personal data pursuant to demands from government agencies, including tax authorities, state and city regulators, law enforcement agencies, and intelligence agencies, our hosts, guests, and privacy regulators could perceive such disclosure as a failure by us to comply with privacy and data protection policies, notices, and laws, which could result in proceedings or actions against us in the same or other jurisdictions. Conversely, if we do not provide the requested information to government agencies due to a disagreement on the interpretation of the law, we are likely to face enforcement action from such government, engage in litigation, face increased regulatory scrutiny, and experience an adverse impact on our relationship with governments or our ability to offer our services within certain jurisdictions. Any of the foregoing could materially adversely affect our brand, reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations. We are currently subject to a number of legal proceedings initiated by private parties and government agencies, including legal proceedings in foreign jurisdictions. Adverse litigation judgments or settlements resulting from these proceedings could expose us to monetary damages or limit our ability to operate our business. We have in the past been, are currently, and may in the future become, involved in private actions, collective actions, government investigations, and various other legal proceedings initiated by hosts, guests, commercial partners, competitors, employees, government agencies, or third parties, among others. We are subject to litigation regarding various matters such as personal injuries, property damage, commercial disputes, employment practices, intellectual property infringement, insurance inquiries, and tax compliance. For example, we have in the past been named, and are currently named as a defendant in a civil complaint and putative class actions filed by former individual contractors, which alleged or alleges that we misclassified the employment status of those former independent contractors, and that, among other claims, they should have been classified as employees. We may in the future be named as a defendant in similar complaints brought by current or former individual consultants or other independent contractors that allege misclassification of employment status and other related employment claims against us. In addition, we face claims and litigation relating to consumer disputes, automobile accidents, personal injuries and fatalities, property damage, violent acts, claims and safety practices, and privacy violations arising from reservations made on our platform. For example, we have been named as a defendant in a series of lawsuits that allege the wrongful death of a pedestrian who was killed by a guest driving a shared vehicle in San Francisco during a trip reserved on our platform. In addition, we have entered into a settlement with the District of Columbia’s Office of the Attorney General regarding our business practices, disclosures to hosts, tax compliance, and trust and safety practices in the District of Columbia. These legal proceedings, government inquiries, and regulatory investigations are time-consuming and require a great deal of financial resources and attention from us and our senior management. Investigations and enforcement actions from such entities, as well as continued negative publicity and an erosion of current and prospective hosts and guests’ trust, could severely disrupt our business. The results of any such investigation, litigation, and legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable and expensive. If any such investigation, litigation, and legal proceedings are resolved adversely to us, or if we were to enter into a settlement agreement, we may be subject to additional fines, penalties, and other sanctions, and could be forced to change our business practices substantially in the relevant jurisdictions. Any such proceeding could also result in significant adverse publicity or additional reputational harm, and could result in or complicate other inquiries, investigations, or lawsuits from other regulators in future merger control or conduct investigations. Any of these proceedings could result in material financial damages and operational restrictions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The number and significance of these proceedings have increased as we have grown, the number of reservations in our marketplace has increased, there is increased brand awareness, and the scope and complexity of our business have expanded, and we expect they will continue to increase. In addition, we regularly include arbitration provisions in employment agreements and our terms of service with hosts and guests. While intended to streamline the litigation process, arbitration may become more costly for us, or the volume of arbitrations may increase and become burdensome. Arbitration provisions have also been the subject of challenges and if our arbitration agreements were found to be unenforceable or specific claims were required to be exempted from arbitration, we could experience an increase in our litigation costs and the time involved in resolving such disputes. We have in the past been, are currently, and may in the future become, involved in civil and criminal proceedings arising out of the use of shared vehicles by guests and their passengers. Third parties have claimed to be injured by guests operating shared vehicles and have brought lawsuits against us, hosts, and guests that allege property damage, serious bodily injury, and wrongful death. These claims are often difficult to verify because we are not able to verify the condition of shared vehicles after reservations have ended. While we maintain third party automobile liability insurance coverage for trips booked on our platform, this coverage and our policy limits may be jeopardized by factors such as the extent of the injuries sustained, the condition of the shared vehicle at the time of the accident, and whether an unauthorized third party other than the guest was permitted to drive the shared vehicle. If any of these factors are present, if the regulatory framework for such litigation is amended, or if we fail to respond to lawsuits in a timely manner, our liability may be greater than anticipated, and our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be negatively impacted. In addition, as we expand into new geographical markets and the number of trips booked on our platform grows, our exposure to lawsuits brought by third parties will increase. Moreover, new markets may have laws that impose varying degrees of liability on us, hosts, and guests stemming from trips booked on our platform. Claims may be asserted against us for the negligence of our hosts or guests, and such claims may be facilitated by the laws of certain jurisdictions. Our ability to successfully settle or dismiss previous litigation initiated against us, hosts or guests is not an indication of our ability to do so in the future. If we are unable to settle or dismiss such litigation, our business, reputation, and financial condition could be harmed. We are subject to regulatory inquiries and different jurisdictions taking the position that we are subject to various licensing requirements, and failure to comply may adversely impact our operations and/or result in significant expenses and liabilities, including fines. In certain jurisdictions, we have applied for and obtained licenses or permits to operate aspects of our business, and we must continue to comply with the regulatory requirements and restrictions imposed by those jurisdictions. For example, in the State of Maryland, we have applied for and obtained a limited lines license to sell insurance as part of our peer-to-peer carsharing operations in the state. Obtaining and maintaining business licenses is essential to the growth of our business. If we fail to comply with applicable licensure requirements for a jurisdiction, we may face fees, fine or penalties, and we could be prevented from operating in that jurisdiction. As a result, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be negatively impacted. We are subject to risks related to corporate social responsibility, including the risk that our expectations or estimates regarding environmental, social and governance matters may not be achieved or may be incorrect. Our business faces increasing public scrutiny related to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) activities, which are increasingly considered to contribute to the long-term sustainability of a company’s performance. A variety of organizations measure the performance of companies on ESG topics, and the results of these assessments are widely publicized. In addition, major institutional investors have publicly emphasized the importance of such ESG measures to their investment decisions. We risk damage to our brand and reputation if we fail to act responsibly in a number of areas, such as environmental stewardship and corporate governance and transparency. Adverse incidents with respect to ESG activities could impact the value of our brand, the cost of our operations and relationships with investors, all of which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. For example, we have been in the past, and may in the future, be subject to claims of “greenwashing” (e.g., if our carbon footprint is alleged to be greater than what we claim, or if our claims regarding the environmental benefits of carsharing are false or misleading). Our expectations and estimates regarding ESG matters, including the potential environmental impact of our business model and initiatives, may not be achieved or may ultimately prove to be incorrect, which may lead to additional claims or liability. Additionally, new regulatory initiatives related to ESG could adversely affect our business. For example, the SEC has announced that it may require disclosure of certain ESG-related matters. At this time, there is uncertainty regarding the scope of such proposals or when they would become effective (if at all). Compliance with any new laws or regulations increases our regulatory burden and could make compliance more difficult and expensive, or affect the manner in which we conduct our operations. On April 12, 2021, the Acting Director of the Division of Corporation Finance and Acting Chief Accountant of the SEC together issued a statement regarding the accounting and reporting considerations for warrants issued by special purpose acquisition companies entitled “Staff Statement on Accounting and Reporting Considerations for Warrants Issued by Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (“SPACs”)” (the “SEC Statement”). Specifically, the SEC Statement focused on certain settlement terms and provisions related to certain tender offers following a business combination, which terms are similar to those contained in the warrant agreement governing the warrants. As a result, included on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023, contained elsewhere in this report are derivative liabilities related to the warrants. Accounting Standards Codification 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), provides for the remeasurement of the fair value of such derivatives at each balance sheet date, with a resulting non-cash gain or loss related to the change in the fair value being recognized in earnings in the statement of operations. As a result of the recurring fair value measurement, our financial statements and results of operations may fluctuate quarterly, based on factors which are outside of our control. Due to the recurring fair value measurement, we expect that we will recognize non-cash gains or losses on our warrants each reporting period and that the amount of such gains or losses could be material. The impact of changes in fair value on earnings may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock. Prior to the Business Combination, there was a limited public trading market for our securities. Following the Business Combination, an active trading market for our securities may never develop or, if developed, it may not be sustained. Our common stock is listed on NYSE under the symbol “GETR”. On January 30, 2023, we received a written notice from NYSE that, because the average closing price for our common stock had fallen below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive trading days, we no longer comply with the minimum share price criteria of Section 802.01C of the NYSE Listed Company Manual for continued listing on the NYSE. On March 27, 2023, we received a written notice from NYSE that we were not in compliance with Section 802.01B of the NYSE Listed Company Manual because our average global market capitalization over a consecutive 30 trading-day period was less than $50 million and, at the same time, our last reported stockholders’ equity was less than $50 million. Under NYSE procedures, we had 45 days from our receipt of the March notice to submit a plan to the NYSE demonstrating how we intend to regain compliance with the global market capitalization continued listing standard within 18 months, which compliance plan the NYSE accepted on June 27, 2023. On April 18, 2023, we received a written notice from NYSE that we were not in compliance with Section 802.

01E of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, which requires timely filing of all required periodic reports with the SEC, because of our failure to timely file our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. We have since regained compliance with Section 802.

01E of the NYSE Listed Company Manual by filing our delinquent annual report on Form 10-K on November 16, 2023, and our delinquent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2023, June 30, 2023, and September 30, 2023, respectively, on December 15, 2023. On January 5, 2024, we received a written notice from NYSE that we were not in compliance with Sections 302 and 303A of the NYSE Listed Company Manual because of our failure to hold an annual meeting in respect of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, by December 31, 2023.01 and 303A.07(a) of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, which requires the Company's board of directors (the "Board") to have a majority of independent directors and our audit committee to have a minimum of three members, respectively, following Mr. Fattouh’s resignation from the Board on January 19, 2024.01C of the NYSE Listed Company Manual during the respective cure periods or if we fail to meet material aspects of the compliance plan, the NYSE may commence suspension and delisting procedures. Our public warrants are quoted on the OTC Pink Market, but a market may not develop for the warrants. Our public warrants previously were listed on NYSE under the symbol “GETR WS.” On November 28, 2023, the NYSE halted trading in our public warrants due to the low trading price of the warrants and removed the public warrants from listing and registration on NYSE effective as of December 26, 2023. The public warrants are now quoted on the OTC Pink Market under the symbol “GETRW.” The over-the-counter market is a significantly more limited market than NYSE due to factors such as the reduced number of investors that will consider investing in securities traded over the counter, the reduced number of market makers in the securities, and the reduced number of securities analysts that follow such securities. As a result of the foregoing, holders of our warrants may find it difficult to resell their warrants at prices quoted in the market or at all. You may be unable to sell our warrants unless a market for such securities can be established or sustained. The market price of our common stock and warrants may be volatile, which could cause the value of your investment to decline. The market price of our common stock and warrants has been and may continue to be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations depending on a number of factors, including those described in this “Risk Factors” section, many of which are beyond our control and may not be related to our operating performance. For example, since the Closing Date, the market price for our common stock on NYSE has varied between a high of $8.88 on December 8, 2022, and a low of $0.138 on November 16, 2023. These fluctuations could cause you to lose all or part of your investment in our common stock or warrants. Factors affecting the trading price of our common stock and warrants may include: •market conditions in our industry or the broader stock market; •actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial and operating results; •actual or anticipated developments in our business or our competitors’ businesses or the competitive landscape generally; •the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in those projections, or our failure to meet those projections; •changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts concerning us or the market in general; •the public’s reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements and our filings with the SEC; •our ability to maintain and enhance our platform, marketplace and brand, and to attract hosts and guests; •announced or completed acquisitions of businesses, commercial relationships, products, services or technologies by us or our competitors; •changes in laws and regulations affecting our business; •changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations or principles; •commencement of, or involvement in, litigation involving us; •changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the incurrence of additional debt; •sales, or anticipated sales, of large blocks of our common stock; •any major change in the composition of the Board or our management; •general economic and political conditions such as recessions, interest rates, fuel prices, trade wars, pandemics (such as COVID-19), currency fluctuations and acts of war or terrorism; and •other risk factors listed under this “Risk Factors” section. Broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of our common stock and warrants, regardless of our actual operating performance. The stock markets in general, and the trading of transportation companies’ and technology companies’ securities in particular, have, from time to time, experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. Stock prices of many companies, including transportation companies and technology companies, have fluctuated in a manner often unrelated to the operating performance of those companies. Shareholder activism, which could take many forms or arise in a variety of situations, has been increasing recently. Accordingly, if an active trading market for these securities is not maintained, the liquidity of our common stock and warrants, your ability to sell your shares of our common stock or warrants when desired and the prices that you may obtain for your shares or warrants will be adversely affected. If our current cash runway is insufficient for us to be able to achieve or maintain positive cash flow, we will require additional capital to support our operations or the growth of our business, and we cannot be certain that this capital will be available on reasonable terms when required, or at all. The fact that we have a limited operating history at our current scale and as an international company means that our business model has not yet been fully proven. As a result, our future capital requirements may be uncertain and actual capital requirements may be different from those currently anticipated. We may need to seek equity or debt financing to finance a portion of our capital expenditures. Such financing might not be available to us in a timely manner or on terms that are acceptable, or at all. These factors may make the timing, amount, terms and conditions of such financing unattractive or unavailable to us. If we are unable to raise sufficient funds, we will have to significantly reduce our spending, delay or cancel our planned activities or substantially change our corporate structure. We might not be able to obtain any funding, and we might not have sufficient resources to conduct our business as projected, both of which could mean that we would be forced to curtail or discontinue our operations. In addition, our future capital needs and other business reasons could require us to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility. The sale of additional equity or equity-linked securities could dilute our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations or our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders. If we cannot raise additional funds when we need or want them, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be negatively impacted. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public markets, or the perception that such sales could occur, could reduce the price that our common stock might otherwise attain. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and may make it more difficult for investors to sell their shares of our common stock at a time and price that investors deem appropriate. All shares of our common stock previously held by the pre-Business Combination InterPrivate II stockholders at the completion of the Business Combination and a substantial number of shares of our common stock issued as merger consideration in the Business Combination are freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act, except for any shares of our common stock that may be held or acquired by our directors, executive officers and other affiliates, as that term is defined in the Securities Act, which are subject to restrictions under the Securities Act.4 million outstanding shares of our common stock and the 4.6 million private placement warrants are entitled, under the Registration Rights Agreement, to require us to register such shares and warrants for public sale in the United States. Holders of the Convertible Notes and shares of common stock and warrants to purchase shares of our common stock issued pursuant to the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement (the “Convertible Notes Warrants”) also are entitled, under the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement, to require us to register for public sale in the United States the 0.3 million shares and 7.0 million warrants issued to them pursuant to the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement in addition to the shares underlying the Convertible Notes and the Convertible Notes Warrants. We have filed a registration statement on Form S-1 to register the resale of these securities pursuant to the foregoing registration rights, which registration statement has not yet been declared effective as of the date of this report. Any registration statement we file to register additional shares, whether as a result of registration rights or otherwise, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline or be volatile. These sales also could cause the trading price of our common stock to fall and make it more difficult for you to sell shares of our common stock. The conversion of Convertible Notes would increase the number of shares of our common stock eligible for future resale in the public market and result in the dilution of our stockholders, and may create downward pressure on the price of our common stock and restrict our ability to raise additional capital or take advantage of future opportunities. The Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of common stock at the option of the noteholders at any time until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date of the Convertible Notes. The initial conversion rate of the Convertible Notes was 86.96 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount, representing an initial conversion price of $11.50 per share. The initial conversion price was subject to a downward adjustment to 115% of the average daily volume-weighted average trading price (“VWAP”) of our common stock for the 90 trading days after the Closing Date, subject to a minimum conversion price of $9.21 per share. Pursuant to the terms of the Convertible Notes Indenture, effective as of April 21, 2023, the conversion price for the Convertible Notes was automatically adjusted downward to the minimum conversion price of $9.21 per share, which is equivalent to a conversion rate of approximately 108.58 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes.00 per share at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date of the Convertible Notes. The conversion price is also subject to further downward adjustment to $0.25 per share, which is equivalent to a conversion rate of 4,000 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, subject to stockholder approval, pursuant to the subscription agreement entered into on September 8, 2023, in connection with the Super Priority Note bridge financing (See Note 11 – Notes Payable). The Convertible Notes bear stated interest at a rate of 8.00% per annum for cash interest or 9.50% per annum for interest paid-in-kind, which is to be selected at our option, and be paid semiannually. The outstanding Convertible Notes may affect our earnings per share figures, as accounting procedures may require that we include in our calculation of earnings per share the number of shares of common stock into which the Convertible Notes are convertible. If the Convertible Notes are converted into shares of common stock, there will be dilution to our stockholders’ equity and the market price of our common stock may decrease due to the additional selling pressure in the market. Any downward pressure on the price of our common stock caused by the sale, or potential sale, of shares issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes could also encourage short sales by third parties, creating additional selling pressure on our share price. The warrants may never be in the money and may expire worthless, and the exercise of any warrants for our common stock would increase the number of shares eligible for future resale in the public market and result in dilution to our stockholders. and 7,000,000 warrants issued to the holders of the Convertible Notes, all of which warrants are currently exercisable. Each warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one share of common stock at a price of $11.50 per share. The likelihood that holders will exercise their warrants for cash, and therefore the amount of cash proceeds that we would receive, is dependent upon the market price of our common stock. On February 29, 2024, the closing price of our common stock was $0. If the market price of our common stock continues to be less than the exercise price of the warrants, it is unlikely that holders will exercise their warrants for cash, and therefore unlikely that we will receive any proceeds from the exercise of these warrants in the near future, or at all. To the extent that any warrants are exercised, additional shares of common stock will be issued, which will result in dilution to the then-existing holders of common stock and increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market. Sales of substantial numbers of such shares in the public market or the fact that such warrants may be exercised could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. We have the ability to redeem outstanding warrants at any time prior to their expiration, at a price of $0.01 per warrant, provided that the closing price of our common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (subject to certain adjustments) for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date we give notice of redemption and provided that certain other conditions are met. If and when the warrants become redeemable by us, we may exercise our redemption right even if we are unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws. As a result, we may redeem the warrants as set forth above even if the holders are otherwise unable to exercise the warrants. None of the private placement warrants will be redeemable by us so long as they are held by their initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. We are not contractually obligated to notify investors when the warrants become eligible for redemption and we do not intend to so notify investors upon eligibility of the warrants for redemption, unless and until we elect to redeem the warrants pursuant to the terms of the warrant agreement. Because we have no current plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock, you may not receive any return on investment unless you sell your common stock for a price greater than that which you paid for it. We have no current plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock. The declaration, amount and payment of any future dividends will be at the sole discretion of the Board. The Board may take into account general and economic conditions, our results of operations and financial condition, our available cash, current and anticipated cash requirements, capital requirements, contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions and such other factors that the Board may deem relevant. In addition, the Convertible Notes Indenture contains and any future indebtedness we or our subsidiaries may incur would likely contain a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us, including restricting or limiting our ability to pay cash dividends. Furthermore, because we are a holding company, our ability to pay dividends will depend on our receipt of cash distributions and dividends, loans or other funds from our subsidiaries, which may be similarly affected by, among other things, the terms of any future indebtedness, other contractual restrictions and provisions of applicable law. As a result, you may not receive any return on an investment in our common stock unless you sell your shares for a price greater than that which you paid for it. We are an “emerging growth company” as well as a “smaller reporting company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and if we take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies or smaller reporting companies, this could make our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies. We are an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies for as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; reduced obligations with respect to financial data, including presenting only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements, with correspondingly reduced “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure; reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements; exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved; and an exemption from compliance with the requirement of the PCAOB regarding the communication of critical audit matters in the auditor’s report on the financial statements. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the end of that year’s second fiscal quarter, (ii) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenues of $1.235 billion or more during such fiscal year (as indexed for inflation), (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt in the prior three-year period or (iv) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the IPO. As a result, our stockholders may not have access to certain information they may deem important. In addition, the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the exemption from complying with new or revised accounting standards provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act as long as we are an emerging growth company. An emerging growth company can therefore delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period and, therefore, we may not be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. Additionally, we are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. Smaller reporting companies may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure obligations, including, among other things, providing only two years of audited financial statements. We will remain a smaller reporting company until the last day of the fiscal year in which (i) the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $250 million as of the end of that year’s second fiscal quarter, or (ii) our annual revenues exceeded $100 million during such completed fiscal year and the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the end of that year’s second fiscal quarter. To the extent we take advantage of such reduced disclosure obligations, it may also make comparison of our financial statements with other public companies difficult. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result of our reliance on these exemptions, the trading prices of our securities may be lower than they otherwise would be, there may be a less active trading market for our securities and the trading prices of our securities may be more volatile. Delaware law and provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws could make a takeover proposal more difficult. Certain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated bylaws and laws of the State of Delaware could discourage, delay, defer or prevent a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or other change of control transaction that a stockholder may consider favorable, including those attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for our common stock. Among other things, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws include provisions that: •provide for a classified board of directors with staggered, three-year terms, which could delay the ability of stockholders to change the membership of a majority of the Board; •prohibit cumulative voting in the election of directors, which limits the ability of minority stockholders to elect director candidates; •provide for the right of the Board to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the Board or the resignation, death or removal of a director in certain circumstances, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on the Board; •permit the Board to issue shares of common stock and preferred stock, including “blank check” preferred stock, and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights of the preferred stock, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquirer; •prohibit stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of stockholders; •require that a meeting of stockholders may not be called by stockholders, which may delay the ability of stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors. •provide advance notice requirements for nominations for election to the Board or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at annual meetings of stockholders, which could preclude stockholders from bringing matters before annual meetings of stockholders and delay changes in the Board and also may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the company; •require a supermajority vote (or, if two-thirds of the Whole Board (as defined in the amended and restated certificate of incorporation) approves, a majority) of stockholders to amend certain provisions of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation or the amended and restated bylaws; and •provide the right of the Board to make, alter, or repeal the amended and restated bylaws, which may allow the Board to take additional actions to prevent an unsolicited takeover and inhibit the ability of an acquirer to amend the amended and restated bylaws to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt. These provisions, alone or together, could delay hostile takeovers and changes in control of us or changes in the Board and our management. Any provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws provide for an exclusive forum in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware for certain disputes between us and our stockholders, and that the federal district courts of the United States will be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action under the Securities Act. Nothing in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws precludes stockholders that assert claims under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), from bringing such claims in federal court to the extent that the Exchange Act confers exclusive federal jurisdiction over such claims, subject to applicable law. We believe these provisions may benefit us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law and federal securities laws by chancellors and judges, as applicable, particularly experienced in resolving corporate disputes, efficient administration of cases on a more expedited schedule relative to other forums and protection against the burdens of multi-forum litigation. If a court were to find the choice of forum provision that is contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. For example, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Accordingly, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such a forum selection provision as written in connection with claims arising under the Securities Act. The choice of forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our current or former director, officer, other employee, agent, or stockholder to the company, which may discourage such claims against us or any of our current or former director, officer, other employee, agent, or stockholder to the company and result in increased costs for investors to bring a claim. The warrant agreement governing the warrants designates the courts of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by holders of the warrants, which could limit the ability of warrant holders to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us. The warrant agreement governing the warrants provides that, subject to applicable law, (i) any action, proceeding or claim against us arising out of or relating in any way to the warrant agreement, including under the Securities Act, will be brought and enforced in the courts of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, and (ii) that we irrevocably submit to such jurisdiction, which jurisdiction will be the exclusive forum for any such action, proceeding or claim. We will waive any objection to such exclusive jurisdiction and that such courts represent an inconvenient forum. Notwithstanding the foregoing, these provisions of the warrant agreement do not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal district courts of the United States of America are the sole and exclusive forum. Holders of warrants cannot waive compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. If any action within the scope of the forum provisions of the warrant agreement is filed in a court other than a court of the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in the name of any holder of warrants, such holder will be deemed to have consented to the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located in the State of New York or the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in connection with any action brought in any such court to enforce the forum provisions and having service of process made upon such warrant holder in any such action by service upon such warrant holder’s counsel in such action as agent for such warrant holder. Alternatively, if a court were to find this choice of forum provision inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We face increased legal, accounting, administrative and other costs and expenses as a public company that Legacy Getaround did not incur as a private company, and these expenses may increase even more after we are no longer an emerging growth company, as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including the requirements of Section 404, as well as rules and regulations subsequently implemented by the SEC, the Dodd-Frank Act and the rules and regulations promulgated and to be promulgated thereunder, the PCAOB and the securities exchanges, impose additional reporting and other obligations on public companies. Compliance with public company requirements will increase costs and make certain activities more time-consuming. A number of those requirements require us to carry out activities that Legacy Getaround had not done previously. For example, we have created new board committees and adopted new internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures. In addition, expenses associated with SEC reporting requirements and remediating material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting have and will continue to be incurred. Furthermore, if we experience any issues in complying with these requirements, we could incur additional costs rectifying those issues, and the existence of those issues could adversely affect our reputation or investor perceptions of it. It may also be more expensive to obtain director and officer liability insurance. Risks associated with our status as a public company may also make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on the Board or as executive officers. The additional reporting and other obligations imposed by these rules and regulations have increased our legal and financial compliance costs and the costs of related legal, accounting and administrative activities. These increased costs will require us to divert a significant amount of money that could otherwise be used to expand the business and achieve strategic objectives. Advocacy efforts by stockholders and third parties may also prompt additional changes in governance and reporting requirements, which could further increase costs. Our business may be affected by macroeconomic conditions, including fears concerning the financial services industry, inflation, rising interest rates and volatile market conditions, and other uncertainties beyond our control. Our ability to effectively run our business could also be adversely affected by general conditions in the global economy and in the financial services industry. Various macroeconomic factors could adversely affect our business, including fears concerning the banking sector, changes in inflation, interest rates and overall economic conditions and uncertainties. A weak or declining economy could also affect third parties upon whom we depend to run our business. Increasing concerns over bank failures and bailouts and their potential broader effects and potential systemic risk on the banking sector generally and on the transportation industry and its participants may adversely affect our access to capital and our business and operations more generally. Although we assess our banking relationships as we believe necessary or appropriate, our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance or capitalize our current and projected future business operations could be significantly impaired by factors that affect us, the financial institutions with which we have arrangements directly, or the financial services industry or economy in general. If any financial institution in which we hold our funds fails or is subject to significant adverse conditions in the financial or credit markets, we could be subject to a risk of loss of all or a portion of such funds or be subject to a delay in accessing all or a portion of such funds. Any such loss or lack of access to these funds could adversely impact our short-term liquidity and ability to meet our operating expense obligations, including payroll obligations. We also maintain investment accounts with other financial institutions in which we hold our investments and marketable securities and, if access to the funds we use for working capital and operating expenses is impaired, we may not be able to sell investments or transfer funds from our investment accounts to other operating accounts on a timely basis sufficient to meet our operating expense obligations. Our failure to timely and effectively implement controls and procedures required by Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have a material adverse effect on our business. The standards required for a public company under Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act are significantly more stringent than those previously required of Legacy Getaround as a privately held company. If we are not able to implement the additional requirements of Section 404(a) in a timely manner or with adequate compliance, we may not be able to assess whether our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, which may subject us to adverse regulatory consequences and could harm investor confidence and the market price of our securities. If we fail to maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations could be impaired. As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules and regulations of the applicable NYSE listing standards. We expect that the requirements of these rules and regulations will continue to increase our legal, accounting and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming and costly and place significant strain on our personnel, systems and resources. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. We are continuing to develop and refine our disclosure controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that information required to be disclosed in reports under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our principal executive and financial officers. We are also continuing to improve our internal control over financial reporting, which includes hiring additional accounting and financial personnel to implement such processes and controls. In order to maintain and improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, we have expended, and anticipate that we will continue to expend, significant resources, including accounting-related costs and significant management oversight. If any of these new or improved controls and systems do not perform as expected, we may experience material weaknesses in our controls in addition to those discussed in the section entitled “Controls and Procedures” under Part II, Item 9A of this report. Our current controls and any new controls that we develop may become inadequate because of changes in conditions in our business. Further, additional weaknesses in our disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting may be discovered in the future. Any failure to develop or maintain effective controls or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement could harm our results of operations or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations and may result in a restatement of our financial statements for prior periods. Any failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting also could adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and annual independent registered public accounting firm attestation reports regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting that we will eventually be required to include in our periodic reports that will be filed with the SEC. Ineffective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock. In addition, if we are unable to continue to meet these requirements, we may not be able to remain listed on the NYSE. We are required to comply with the SEC rules that implement Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and are required to make a formal assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for that purpose.

We will be required to provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting commencing with our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until after we are no longer an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act or a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. At such time, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our internal control over financial reporting is documented, designed, or operating. Any failure to maintain effective disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting could harm our business and could cause a decline in the price of our common stock. The accounting for our business is subject to change based on the evolution of our business model, interpretations of relevant accounting principles, enforcement of existing or new regulations, and changes in policies, rules, regulations, and interpretations of accounting and financial reporting requirements of the SEC or other regulatory agencies. Adoption of a change in accounting principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported results of operations and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the adoption of such change. It is difficult to predict the impact of future changes to accounting principles and accounting policies over financial reporting, any of which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition and could require significant investment in systems and personnel. If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research or reports, about us, our business, or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our securities adversely, the price and trading volume of our securities could decline. The trading market for our securities will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business, market or competitors. We do not have any control over these analysts or the information contained in 54 their reports. If securities and industry analysts do not commence and maintain coverage of our business, our stock price and trading volume would likely be negatively impacted. In the event securities or industry analysts initiate coverage, if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock, publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business or our market, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets and demand for our common stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price and trading volume to decline. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments. None. Cybersecurity. Protecting our technology platform and the data that our guests and hosts share with us is critical to our business. We maintain a process for identifying, assessing, and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats as part of our broader risk management processes. We employ privacy, safety, and security professionals to oversee cybersecurity risk management and mitigation, incident prevention, detection, and remediation. Leadership for these teams are professionals with cybersecurity expertise across multiple industries, including our CTO, VP of Engineering, and head of information technology. Our executive leadership team, along with input from these teams, is responsible for our overall enterprise risk management processes and regularly consider cybersecurity risks in the context of other material risks to the company. As part of our cybersecurity risk management system, our incident management process tracks and logs privacy and security incidents across our business to remediate and resolve any such incidents. Significant incidents are reviewed regularly by our CTO, VP of Engineering, and head of IT to determine whether further escalation is appropriate. Any incident assessed as potentially being or potentially becoming material is immediately escalated for further assessment to the broader executive leadership team. We consult with outside counsel as appropriate, including on materiality analysis and disclosure matters, and our senior management makes the final materiality determinations and disclosure and other compliance decisions. Our management apprises our independent registered public accounting firm of matters and any relevant developments. The Board has oversight responsibility for risks and incidents relating to cybersecurity threats, including compliance with disclosure requirements, cooperation with law enforcement, and related effects on financial and other risks. Senior management regularly discusses cyber risks and trends and, should they arise, any material incidents with the Board. Our business strategy, results of operations and financial condition have not been materially affected by cybersecurity threats, including as a result of previously identified cybersecurity incidents, but we cannot provide assurance that they will not be materially affected in the future by such risks or any future material incidents. For more information about the cybersecurity risks we face, see the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this report. .

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$IPVA Risk Factor changes from 00/11/16/23/2023 to 00/03/28/24/2024

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-New additions in green
-Changes in blue
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