Risk Factors Dashboard

Once a year, publicly traded companies issue a comprehensive report of their business, called a 10-K. A component mandated in the 10-K is the ‘Risk Factors’ section, where companies disclose any major potential risks that they may face. This dashboard highlights all major changes and additions in new 10K reports, allowing investors to quickly identify new potential risks and opportunities.

Risk Factors - FTI

-New additions in green
-Changes in blue
-Hover to see similar sentence in last filing

Item 1A. Risk Factors - Risks Related to Legal Proceedings, Tax and Regulatory Matters,” which is incorporated by reference in this Item 1.

Website Access to Reports and Proxy Statement
Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, Proxy Statements, and Forms 3, 4, and 5 filed on behalf of directors and executive officers, and amendments to each of those reports and statements, are available free of charge through our website at www.technipfmc.com, under “Investors” as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Alternatively, our reports may be accessed through the website maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov. Unless expressly noted, the information on our website or any other website is not incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should not be considered part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or any other filing we make with the SEC.

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HUMAN CAPITAL
Our people are at the heart of everything we do, and they drive our culture of strong execution, purposeful innovation, and challenging industry conventions. We are committed to the development of our employees, and our employee guidelines are specified in our Code of Business Conduct, which applies to all employees, regardless of their roles and no matter where they work.
We believe that all our employees are entitled to fair treatment and respect, wherever they work: in the office, offshore, on industrial and construction sites, or in client offices. We do not tolerate any form of abuse or harassment, and we will not tolerate any action, conduct, or behavior that is discriminating, intimidating, or hostile.
Furthermore, we are committed to hiring and employee development decisions that are fair, objective, and not based on protected characteristics. Our policy is for employment decisions to be based only on relevant qualifications, performance, demonstrated skills, experience, and other job-related criteria, which we believe helps to promote equal opportunity for all employees to grow, contribute, and thrive within our organization. Our policy is for employment decisions to be based only on relevant qualifications, performance, demonstrated skills, experience, and other job-related factors, with our goal of creating a tolerant, equitable, and inclusive workforce.
Workforce Overview
Our workforce consists of the following:
Attracting and Inspiring Talent for a Sustainable Future
At TechnipFMC, attracting and developing the right talent is essential to achieving our sustainability ambitions. Our people drive the innovations that help us deliver cleaner, safer, and more efficient energy solutions. By fostering an inclusive workplace, we ensure that sustainability is not just a goal, it’s embedded in how we work and who we are.
Our Employee Value Proposition (“EVP”), “The energy to transform,” reflects this commitment. Built on two pillars: relentless innovation and caring for the future - underpinned by our collaborative global culture, it speaks to both our purpose and the experience we offer employees.
In 2025, we amplified our efforts to attract and retain exceptional talent while staying true to our values:
Inclusive hiring for a stronger future - As a global equal opportunity employer, we strive to attract an inclusive candidate pool, always prioritizing merit and competence.
One global team - We’ve standardized and digitally advanced our global recruitment system to operate across regions making the hiring process smarter, faster, and more personalized.
Streamlined onboarding - Enhanced internal tools and touchpoints now make onboarding smoother and more connected for new hires, their managers and teams who support them.
Efficiency that matters - We continue to maintain an optimal recruiting lead time, helping us bring the right talent on board quickly and effectively.
Our EVP is more than a message; it’s a lived experience that empowers our people to transform the energy industry.
Developing and Keeping Talent
People development is a key focus at TechnipFMC, including providing learning, career development and knowledge-sharing opportunities enabling our people to perform at their fullest potential and develop capabilities for simplification, standardization, and industrialization.
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We focus on talent development through a process called "Talking Talents." This process forms the basis for identifying and developing employees into our three main career pathways: Leadership, Technology, and Project Management.’’ This program forms the basis for developing employees into our three main career pathways: Leadership, Technology, Project Management. Input from the Talking Talents process is also used for succession planning. Leveraging our Simplification, Standardization, and Industrialization journey and learnings, in 2025 we invested time to do a PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act) on our talking talents and succession planning processes with an aim to improve further.
We believe that regular dialogue between managers and employees is key to driving performance and building trust and engagement. Our "Check-In" process is embedded in our culture, where managers and employees meet at least quarterly to discuss goals, share feedback, and have in-depth discussion about the employee’s development, including creating individual development plans. This process focuses leaders on the development of people on their team and enables employees to own their career path and focus on the future. To further support this and as part of our Simplification, Standardization, and Industrialization journey, we conducted extensive internal research and identified two capabilities (problem-solving and cross-functional connectivity capability) and three behaviors (provide a value-driven purpose, ask and listen, and make problems visible) that are essential for every leader.As part of our Simplification, Standardization, and Industrialization journey, we conducted extensive internal research and identified two capabilities (problem solving and cross-functional connectivity capability) and three behaviors (provide a value driven purpose, ask and listen, and make problems visible) that are essential for every leader. These are captured as our new leadership standard. The Leadership Standard for People Development has not just been integrated into our People & Culture processes, but is part of wider culture change, transformation and mindset shift around how we develop our people. In 2025, we facilitated leadership standard workshop for 3,100 leaders as we look to further enhance and evolve our people first culture by developing our leaders and driving accountability for people development this year and beyond.
Learning and Knowledge Management
With the forecasted growth in our business, it is imperative to sharpen our focus on enabling our people to grow, develop, and share knowledge. The importance of being able to offer learning and knowledge-sharing opportunities in a digital, 24/7, and global environment has been key to our success. Building on our solid foundations, we delivered impactful courses, initiatives, and solutions across all of our business segments, in addition to being particularly focused on leadership, technology, and project management.
Our iLearn learning platform continues to be the main hub for delivering our formal learning initiatives, such as eLearning courses, videos, instructor-led training, and resource materials. We continue to embrace our digital transformation and strive to deliver engaging content. In 2025, we focused more on curated and specific content to meet the needs of our employees. As such, there were more than 11,000 pieces of creative and innovative learning content available, with ongoing releases of new and meaningful courses, to support skill development for our employees and enhance their performance in their roles. In 2024, there were more than 34,000 pieces of creative and innovative learning content available, with ongoing releases of new and meaningful courses, to support skill development for our employees and enhance their performance in their roles. In 2025, over 654,378 training hours were completed, with 28% of training being done online, which resulted in 28 training hours per employee. In 2024, over 581,000 training hours were completed with 65% of training being done online, which resulted in 24 training hours per employee.
We also saw an increase in the amount of training hours related to our leadership, technical, and engineering curriculums where 234,912 hours were engaged. This was the result of a significant focus and strategy to better engage with our technical employees and provide additional learning opportunities. In addition, in 2025 we continued our efforts on the adoption of the Digital Academy, which is a collaboration between our Information & Digital Services, Learning, and Knowledge Management functions to elevate our digital maturity and foundational digital proficiency. In 2025, our employees engaged with almost 39,000 hours of learning on the topic of Digital, a significant increase when compared to 2024. We also leverage our internal knowledge-sharing tools, The Bridge and The Well, to collaborate across the Company. The Bridge has 55 chartered global knowledge-sharing networks. The related knowledge repository, The Well, has 5,800 pages, which received over 2.8 million visits in 2025 (up from 1.9 million in 2024). The related knowledge repository, The Well, has 5,637 pages, which received almost 1.9 million visits in 2024 (up from 1.3 million in 2023). The Well is connected with the Company’s competency management platform and provides direct access to competency-based content. Employees all over the world access these and other knowledge management social learning tools, such as "Experts Explain" webinar series to increase their knowledge about business and technical topics and to share their own knowledge. Employees all over the world access these and other knowledge management social learning tools such as "Experts Explain" webinar series and "Illuminate" podcasts to increase their knowledge about business and technical topics, and to share their own knowledge.
Technical Expertise Program
The global Technical Expertise Program ("TEP") recognizes employees ("Technical Experts") who have demonstrated technical mastery in their discipline, as well as technical impact, people development, business impact, and industry leadership. The TEP currently has about 800 members, and in 2025, we continued to promote knowledge-sharing and saw an increased involvement from the expert community in project reviews, "Think IP," and strategic initiatives. The TEP currently has about 775 members, and in 2024, we continued to promote knowledge sharing and saw an increased involvement from the expert community in project reviews, "Think IP," and strategic initiatives. The 2025 cycle emphasized both new member intake and promotion of existing members, with a strategic focus on underrepresented disciplines such as, Digital and Software, Electronic Engineering, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, Power and Electrification, and Systems Engineering. Our Technology Fellows are the highest tier of the TEP and personify its mission of advancing the Company’s technical leadership
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by advising, innovating, enhancing operations, sharing knowledge, and inspiring others—within the company and across the industry. We believe each Fellow is a pillar in their field of expertise, setting standards across the industry, cultivating the next generation of experts, and ensuring that TechnipFMC retains its market leadership and competitive advantage.
Equal Opportunity and Inclusion
Three of our Foundational Beliefs: Integrity, Respect, and Sustainability are deeply embedded in our commitment to equal opportunity and inclusion. These principles are integral to our long-term value and performance and embedded in our Code of Business Conduct, which requires that employment decisions including recruitment, evaluation, compensation, and development are purely merit based. We are committed to providing equal opportunity to all, regardless of race, religion, gender, age, nationality, gender identity, marital status, disability, or any other factors.
In 2025, we built on our progress by enhancing support for employees with disabilities through reasonable accommodations, targeted training, and inclusive career development opportunities. Our global recognition of the International Day of Persons with Disabilities featured:
A suite of promotional awareness resources for employees to engage
Leadership and employee testimonials highlighting lived experiences and allyship
Virtual and in-person volunteering opportunities to foster community engagement
We also marked International Women’s Day, Pride Month, and Mental Health Month, reinforcing our inclusive culture and commitment to employee wellbeing.
In parallel, our iVolunteer program continued to grow, connecting employees to meaningful STEM education and community service initiatives. These efforts were further integrated into our university engagement and graduate recruitment strategies, helping us attract a broader talent pipeline and promoting equal opportunity in early career development.
Employee Networks and Resource Groups (“ENRGs”)
At TechnipFMC, our Employee Network Resource Groups (ENRGs) play a vital role in fostering an inclusive culture where all employees can thrive and reach their full potential. Open to all employees, ENRGs provide platforms for connection, advocacy, and professional growth across our global workforce.
In 2025, we continued to expand global participation and strengthen executive sponsorship across networks. ENRGs contribute to our business and culture by:
Encouraging meaningful employee engagement and developing future leaders;
Supporting talent attraction and retention; and
Bringing forward additional perspectives to shape a more agile and inclusive workforce.

Giving Back to the Community
At TechnipFMC, we believe that creating a better world starts with collective action. Through our Do Something Good Together initiative, we empower employees to make a meaningful difference in the communities where we live and work. Our efforts focus on five key areas that reflect our commitment to people and the planet:
Early Childhood Education – Supporting programs that give children the foundation for lifelong learning.
Environmental Stewardship – Driving initiatives that protect and restore our natural resources.
Food Access – Helping ensure that families have reliable access to nutritious meals.
Health & Wellness – Promoting healthier lifestyles and improving community well-being.
STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) – Inspiring the next generation of innovators to shape the future of energy.
Through our global volunteering program, every employee can dedicate four hours of paid volunteer time each year to causes that matter most and they are encouraged to record volunteer hours done outside of the workday as well. Together, we’re building stronger communities and advancing a more sustainable future.
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Employee Engagement and Well-being
We landed on TechnipFMC Voice as our enterprise-wide employee engagement survey, designed to capture actionable feedback and support continuous improvement across all levels of the organization. Building on the momentum from previous years, we were focused on fostering connection, transparency, and a culture of continuous feedback. Leadership engagement remained central, with leadership site visits, virtual collaboration sessions, and direct interactions across job sites and functions reinforcing our commitment to listening and responding.
The insights from the Voice survey empowered leaders with actionable data to drive improvements at the business unit, location, and team levels. Leaders were supported with tools and resources to interpret results, identify opportunities, and implement targeted action plans.
In terms of wellbeing, our global wellbeing program, Workplace Options, continued to gain momentum in 2025, providing employees with access to mental health resources, professional counselling, and personalized health coaching. We promoted holistic wellbeing through consistent communications, visible leadership support, and inclusive, accessible activities across regions. As part of our ongoing commitment to mental health, we recognized Mental Health Awareness Month in October with a series of global initiatives.
Internal Communication
We have a robust internal communications strategy and support communication channels that promote our ability to communicate with our employees in a timely and effective manner. The effectiveness of internal communication is monitored and adjusted based on various forms of feedback from multiple levels across the Company. Digital tools help us gauge the effectiveness of our digital communication platforms - from email to intranet to internal social media. Employees are regularly consulted and provided with information on changes and events that may affect them through channels such as regular meetings, employee representatives, and the Company’s intranet site. These consultations and meetings help to ensure that employees are kept informed of the financial and economic factors affecting the Company’s performance and matters of concern to them.
Labor Relations and Collective Agreements
We are committed to maintaining constructive relationships and open dialogue with works councils and trade unions, in compliance with applicable local laws and collective agreements governing both individual and collective labor relations. The Company’s European Works Council (EWC), which represents all eligible European entities, serves as a key platform for employee engagement. The EWC meets with management at least twice a year to discuss matters of mutual interest, promoting transparency and collaboration across our European operations.
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INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Information regarding our executive officers called for by Item 401(b) of Regulation S-K is hereby included in Part I, Item 1 “Business” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following table indicates the names and ages of our executive officers as of February 19, 2026, including all offices and positions held by each in the past five years:
(a) Member of the Executive Leadership Team and a Rule 3b-7 executive officer and Section 16 officer under the Exchange Act.
(b) Section 16 officer under the Exchange Act.
No family relationships exist among any of the above-listed officers, and there are no arrangements or understandings between any of the above-listed officers and any other person pursuant to which they serve as an officer. During the past 10 years, none of the above-listed officers was involved in any legal proceedings as defined in Item 401(f) of Regulation S-K. All officers are appointed by the Board of Directors to hold office until their successors are appointed.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Important risk factors that could impact our ability to achieve our anticipated operating results and growth plan goals are presented below. The following risk factors should be read in conjunction with discussions of our business and the factors affecting our business located elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other filings with the SEC.
Summary Risk Factors
The following is a summary of some of the risks and uncertainties that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. You should read this summary together with the more detailed description of each risk factor contained below.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
Demand for our products and services depends on oil and natural gas industry activity and expenditure levels and the demand for and price of oil and natural gas.
Competition and unanticipated changes relating to competitive factors in our industry, including ongoing industry consolidation, may impact our results of operations.
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Our success depends on our ability to develop, implement, and protect new technologies and services and intellectual property related thereto.
Cumulative loss of several major contracts, customers, alliances, or business disruptions may have an adverse effect on us.
Disruptions in the political, regulatory, economic, and social conditions or public health crises in the countries in which we conduct business, could adversely affect our business or results of operations.
Our existing and future debt may limit cash flows available to our operations and to service our outstanding debt.
A downgrade in our debt rating could restrict our ability to access financing.
Our acquisition and divestiture activities involve substantial risks.
Increasing scrutiny and expectations regarding sustainability matters could result in additional costs or risks or otherwise adversely affect our business.
Uncertainties with respect to the energy transition may adversely affect our business.

Risks Related to Our Operations
We may lose money on fixed-price contracts.
Our failure to timely deliver our backlog could affect future sales, profitability, and customer relationships.
We face risks relating to our reliance on subcontractors, suppliers, and our joint venture partners.
A failure or breach of our IT infrastructure or that of our subcontractors, suppliers, or joint venture partners, including as a result of cyber-attacks, could adversely impact our business and results of operations.
We may use artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data science in our business, and challenges with managing such technologies could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Pirates and maritime conflicts endanger our maritime employees and assets.
Capital asset construction projects for vessels and manufacturing facilities are subject to risks, including delays and cost overruns.

Risks Related to Legal Proceedings, Tax, and Regulatory Matters
The industries in which we operate or have operated expose us to potential liabilities, including the installation or use of our products, which may not be covered by insurance or may be in excess of policy limits, or for which expected recoveries may not be realized.
Our operations require us to comply with existing and future laws and regulations, including laws and regulations related to environment, climate change and GHG emissions, privacy, data protection, and data security, violations of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Uninsured claims and litigation against us could adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
As an English public limited company, we must meet certain additional financial requirements before we may declare dividends or repurchase shares and certain capital structure decisions may require stockholder approval which may limit our flexibility to manage our capital structure.
We are subject to compliance risk with tax laws of numerous jurisdictions, and challenges to our interpretation of, or future changes to, tax laws could adversely affect us.
Significant changes or developments in U.S. trade policies, including tariffs, and the reactions of other countries thereto may adversely affect us.

General Risk Factors
Our businesses are dependent on the continuing services of our key managers and employees.
Seasonal, weather, and other climatic conditions could adversely affect demand for our services and operations.
Currency exchange rate fluctuations could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
We are exposed to risks in connection with our defined benefit pension plan commitments.
We may be unable to obtain sufficient bonding capacity for certain contracts, and the need for performance and surety bonds could reduce availability under our credit facility.

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Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
Demand for our products and services depends on oil and natural gas industry activity and expenditure levels, which are directly affected by trends in the demand for and price of oil and natural gas.
We are substantially dependent on conditions in the oil and natural gas industry, including (i) the level of exploration, development, and production activity and (ii) capital spending. Any substantial or extended decline in these expenditures may result in the reduced pace of discovery and development of new reserves of oil and natural gas and the reduced exploration of existing wells, which could adversely affect demand for our products and services and, in certain instances, result in the cancellation, modification, or re-scheduling of existing orders in our backlog. These factors could have an adverse effect on our revenue and profitability. The level of exploration, development, and production activity is directly affected by trends in oil and natural gas prices, which historically have been volatile and are likely to continue to be volatile in the future.
Factors affecting the prices of oil and natural gas include, but are not limited to, the following:
demand for hydrocarbons, which is affected by worldwide population growth, economic growth rates, and general economic and business conditions;
costs of exploring for, producing, and delivering oil and natural gas;
political and economic uncertainty, socio-political unrest, and geopolitical conflicts, such as unrest in the Middle East and developments in Venezuela;
governmental laws, policies, regulations, and subsidies related to or affecting the production, use, and exportation/importation of oil and natural gas;
foreign trade policies, international sanctions, and tariffs;
the ability or willingness of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and the 10 other oil producing countries, including Russia, Mexico, and Kazakhstan (“OPEC+”) to set and maintain production level for oil;
oil refining and transportation capacity and shifts in end-customer preferences toward fuel efficiency and the use of natural gas;
technological advances affecting energy consumption;
development, exploitation, relative price, and availability of alternative sources of energy and our customers’ shift of capital to the development of these sources;
volatility in, and access to, capital and credit markets, which may affect our customers’ activity levels, and spending for our products and services;
decrease in investors’ interest in hydrocarbon producers because of environmental and sustainability initiatives (see risk factor “Increasing scrutiny and expectations regarding sustainability matters could result in additional costs or risks or otherwise adversely affect our business” for additional information; and
natural disasters.

The oil and natural gas industry has historically experienced periodic downturns, which have been characterized by diminished demand for oilfield services and downward pressure on the prices we charge. Continued volatility or any future reduction in demand for oilfield services could further adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
We operate in a highly competitive environment and unanticipated changes relating to competitive factors in our industry, including ongoing industry consolidation, may impact our results of operations.
We compete on the basis of a number of different factors, such as product offerings, project execution, customer service, and price. In order to compete effectively, we must develop and implement innovative technologies and processes, including building artificial intelligence (“AI”) capabilities into our products and services, and execute our clients’ projects effectively. We can give no assurances that we will continue to be able to compete effectively with the products and services or prices offered by our competitors.
Our industry, including our customers and competitors, has experienced unanticipated changes in recent years. Moreover, the industry is undergoing consolidation to create economies of scale and to control the value chain, which may affect demand for our products and services because of price concessions from our competitors or decreased customer capital spending. This consolidation activity could impact our ability to maintain market share, maintain or increase pricing for our products and services or negotiate favorable contract terms with our customers and suppliers, which could have a significant negative impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. We are unable to predict what effect consolidations and other competitive factors in the industry may
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have on pricing, capital spending by our customers, our selling strategies, our competitive position, our ability to retain customers, or our ability to negotiate favorable agreements with our customers and suppliers.
Our success depends on our ability to develop, implement, and protect new technologies and services and the intellectual property related thereto.
Our success depends on the ongoing development and implementation of new product designs, including the processes used by us to produce, market, install, operate, and maintain our products.Our success depends on the ongoing development and implementation of new product designs, including the processes used by us to produce and market our products.
We continually attempt to develop new technologies for use in our business, including AI. However, there is no guarantee of future demand for those technologies because the market for the new technologies may not develop or customers may be reluctant or unwilling to adopt our new technologies. In addition, we may also have difficulty negotiating satisfactory terms that would provide acceptable returns on our investment in the research and development of new technologies.
Development of new technology is critical to maintaining our competitiveness. However, we cannot assure that we will be able to successfully develop technology that our customers demand. Demand for our products and services may decline if we cannot keep pace with technological advances. Technology that is unavailable to us or that does not work as we expect, could adversely affect us. New technologies, services, or standards could render some of our products and services obsolete, which could reduce our competitiveness and have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations.
Additionally, we are exploring opportunities in GHG removal and offshore floating renewables (wind and tidal energy). Many technologies involved in those projects are novel and will need to be further developed before we can determine whether a renewable energy project is technologically feasible.
Our success also depends on our ability to protect and maintain critical intellectual property assets related to these developments. If we are not able to obtain patents, maintain trade secrets, or obtain other protection of our intellectual property rights, if our patents are unenforceable or the claims allowed under our patents are not sufficient to protect our technology, or if we are not able to adequately protect our patents or trade secrets, we may not be able to continue to develop our services, products, and related technologies. There is also uncertainty around the validity and enforceability of intellectual property rights related to our use, development, and deployment of AI. Additionally, our competitors may be able to independently develop technology that is similar to ours without infringing on our patents or gaining access to our trade secrets. If any of these events occurs, we may be unable to meet evolving industry requirements or do so at prices acceptable to our customers, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Due to the types of contracts we enter into and the geographic areas we operate in, the cumulative loss of several major contracts, customers, alliances, or business disruptions within any of these geographic areas may have an adverse effect on our results of operations.Due to the types of contracts we enter into and the markets in which we operate, the cumulative loss of several major contracts, customers, or alliances may have an adverse effect on our results of operations, and the credit and commercial terms of certain contracts may subject us to further risks.
We often enter into large, long-term contracts that, collectively, represent a significant portion of our revenue. These agreements, if terminated or breached, may have a larger impact on our operating results or our financial condition than shorter-term contracts due to the value at risk. Moreover, the global market for the production, transportation, and transformation of hydrocarbons and by-products, as well as the other industrial markets in which we operate, is dominated by a small number of companies. As a result, our business relies on a limited number of customers. If we were to lose several key contracts, customers, or alliances over a relatively short period of time, we could experience a significant adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Additionally, certain of our customers may require us to provide extended payment terms or other forms of financial support as a condition to obtaining commercial contracts. We have long-term contracts involving significant amounts to be paid by our customers toward the later stage of a project. Pursuant to these contracts, we may deliver products and services representing an important portion of the contract price before receiving any significant payment from the customer. Such arrangements could restrict the use of our cash and other resources for other projects and opportunities and our business could also be adversely affected if the financial condition of our customers erodes.
Disruptions in the political, regulatory, economic, and social conditions or public health crises in the countries in which we conduct business could adversely affect our business or results of operations.
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We operate in various countries across the world. Instability and unforeseen changes in any of the markets in which we conduct business, including economically and politically volatile areas or conflict or rumor of conflict could have an adverse effect on the demand for our services and products, our financial condition, or our results of operations.
These factors include, but are not limited to, the following:
nationalization and expropriation;
potentially burdensome taxation;
inflationary and recessionary markets, including capital and equity markets;
volatility in economic conditions including tightening of credit markets, inflation, rising interest rates, and currency exchange rate fluctuations and devaluations;
civil unrest, labor issues, political instability, disease outbreaks, cyber terrorism, and wars;
unexpected geopolitical events, armed conflicts and terrorism threats, and the resulting sanctions, embargoes, nationalizations and assets seizures, supply chain disruptions, and foreign exchange control and currency fluctuations;
public health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic;
increasing attention to global climate change resulting in pressure from shareholders, financial institutions and/or financial markets;
supply disruptions in key oil producing countries;
the ability of OPEC+ to set and maintain production levels and pricing;
trade restrictions, trade protection measures, price controls, or trade disputes;
sanctions, such as prohibitions or restrictions by the United States against countries that are the targets of economic sanctions, or are designated as state sponsors of terrorism;
foreign ownership restrictions;
import or export licensing requirements;
restrictions on operations, trade practices, trade partners, and investment decisions resulting from domestic and foreign laws and regulations;
regime changes;
changes in, and the administration of, treaties, laws, and regulations including in response to public health issues;
inability to repatriate income or capital;
reductions in the availability of qualified personnel;
foreign currency fluctuations or currency restrictions; and
fluctuations in the interest rate component of forward foreign currency rates.

Our existing and future debt may limit cash flows available to invest in the ongoing needs of our business and could prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under our outstanding debt.
As of December 31, 2025, our total debt was $0.4 billion.As of December 31, 2024, our total debt was $0.9 billion. We also have the capacity under our Credit Agreement to incur additional debt.
Our level of debt could have important consequences. For example, it could:
require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to the payment of debt service, reducing the availability of our cash flows to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, distributions, and other general partnership purposes;
increase our vulnerability to adverse economic or industry conditions;
limit our ability to obtain additional financing to react to changes in our business; and
place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to businesses in our industry that have less debt.

Additionally, any failure to meet required payments on our debt or to comply with any covenants in the instruments governing our debt, could result in an event of default under the terms of those instruments. In the event of such default, the holders of such debt could elect to declare all the amounts outstanding under such instruments to be due and payable. Such default could also trigger a cross default on our other debt.
Under our Revolving Credit Facility (see definition below), U.S. dollar-denominated loans bear interest, at the Company’s option, at a base rate or an adjusted rate linked to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) and Euro-denominated loans bear interest on an adjusted rate linked to the Euro interbank offered rate (“EURIBOR”). SOFR has limited history, and the future performance of SOFR cannot be predicted based on historical performance. SOFR, EURIBOR, and certain other interest “benchmarks” may be subject to further regulatory
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guidance and/or reform that could cause interest rates under our current or future debt agreements to perform differently than in the past or cause other unanticipated consequences.
A downgrade in our debt rating could restrict our ability to access financing.
The terms of our financings are, in part, dependent on the credit ratings assigned to our indebtedness by independent credit rating agencies. We cannot provide assurance that any of our current credit ratings will remain in effect for any given period of time or that a rating will not be lowered or withdrawn entirely by a rating agency. Factors that may impact our credit ratings include debt levels, capital structure, planned asset purchases or sales, near- and long-term production growth opportunities, market position, liquidity, asset quality, cost structure, product mix, customer and geographic diversification, and commodity price levels. A downgrade in our credit ratings, particularly to non-investment grade levels, could limit our ability to access financing or refinance our existing indebtedness or cause us to refinance or issue indebtedness with less favorable terms and conditions. Moreover, each of our revolving credit agreement and our performance letter of credit agreement includes an increase in interest rates if the ratings for our indebtedness are downgraded, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. An increase in the level of our indebtedness and related interest costs may increase our vulnerability to adverse general economic and industry conditions and may affect our ability to obtain additional financing on comparable terms to our existing financing agreements, as well as have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Our acquisition and divestiture activities involve substantial risks.
We have made and expect to continue to pursue acquisitions, dispositions, or other investments that may strategically fit our business and/or growth objectives. We cannot provide assurances that we will be able to locate suitable acquisitions, dispositions, or investments, or that we will be able to consummate any such transactions on terms and conditions acceptable to us. Even if we do successfully execute such transactions, they may not result in anticipated benefits, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial results. If we are unable to successfully integrate and develop acquired businesses, we could fail to achieve anticipated synergies and cost savings, including any expected increases in revenues and operating results. We may not be able to successfully cause a buyer of a divested business to assume the liabilities of that business or, even if such liabilities are assumed, we may have difficulties enforcing our rights, contractual or otherwise, against the buyer. We may invest in companies or businesses that fail, causing a loss of all or part of our investment. In addition, if we determine that an other-than-temporary decline in the fair value exists for a company in which we have invested, we may have to write down that investment to its fair value and recognize the related write-down as an impairment loss.
In connection with any divestitures, we may incur liabilities for breaches of representations and warranties or failure to comply with operating covenants under any agreement for such transaction. In addition, we may have to indemnify the counterparty in a divestiture for certain liabilities associated with the assets or operations subject to the divestiture transaction. These liabilities, if they materialize, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Similarly, our counterparty may not be able to satisfy their indemnification obligations to us, or their indemnity may not be sufficient to insure us against the full amount of liabilities for which we are responsible.
Increasing scrutiny and expectations regarding sustainability matters could result in additional costs or risks or otherwise adversely affect our business.
There has been ongoing attention from stakeholders, investors, customers, and regulators on renewable energy and sustainability practices and disclosures, including practices and disclosures related to GHGs and climate change, diversity and inclusion initiatives and governance standards. Expectations regarding such practices and disclosures may result in increased costs (including but not limited to increased costs related to compliance, stakeholder engagement, contracting, and insurance), changes in demand for certain product or service offerings, changes in the availability or cost of capital, enhanced compliance or disclosure obligations, or other impacts. Expectations regarding such practices and disclosures may result in increased costs (including but not limited to increased costs related to compliance, stakeholder engagement, contracting and insurance), changes in demand for certain product or service offerings, changes in the availability or cost of capital, enhanced compliance or disclosure obligations, or other impacts. In addition, negative attitudes toward or perceptions of fossil fuel products and their relationship to the environment and climate change may reduce the demand or authorization for production of oil and natural gas in areas of the world where our customers operate or otherwise limit our customers’ access to capital or ability to conduct operations, including via new regulation, and reduce future demand for our products and services. Any of these trends may, in turn, adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.
While we at times engage in voluntary initiatives (such as voluntary disclosures, certifications, or goals, among others) to improve the sustainability profile of our company and/or products or respond to stakeholder concerns,
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such initiatives may be costly and may not have the desired effect. For example, we may ultimately be unable to achieve our goals, either on the timeframes or costs initially anticipated or at all, due to factors that are within or outside of our control. Assessment of sustainability metrics is complex and occasionally requires revisions, including due to business changes, variations in calculations, data quality, or other factors, which can impact perceptions of our target progress or related initiatives. Moreover, our actions or statements are often based on methodologies or data that continue to evolve, and our approach to such matters (like other companies) has evolved (and is expected to continue to evolve) as well. Even if this is not the case, our current actions may subsequently be determined to be insufficient by various stakeholders, and any failure, or perceived failure, to comply with or advance certain sustainability initiatives (including the timeline and manner in which we complete such initiatives) may result in various adverse impacts, including reputational damage or investor or regulator engagement on our sustainability initiatives and disclosures, even if such initiatives are currently voluntary. The increasing attention and pressure from the shareholders, financial institutions, and/or financial markets could also increase the likelihood of governmental investigations and private litigation.
Additionally, certain market participants, including major institutional investors and capital providers, use third-party benchmarks and scores to assess companies’ sustainability profiles in making investment or voting decisions. Unfavorable sustainability ratings could lead to increased negative investor sentiment towards us or our industry, which could negatively impact our share price as well as our access to and cost of capital. To the extent sustainability matters negatively impact our reputation, it may also impede our ability to compete as effectively to attract and retain employees or customers, which may adversely impact our operations. We also expect there to be increasing sustainability-related regulations, disclosure-related and otherwise, which could magnify any of the risks identified in this risk factor. For more information, see our risk factor titled “Compliance with environmental and climate change-related laws and regulations may adversely affect our business and results of operations.” Simultaneously, there are efforts by some stakeholders, including some policymakers, to reduce companies’ efforts on certain sustainability-related matters. Both advocates and opponents to certain sustainability matters are increasingly resorting to a range of activism forms, including media campaigns and litigation, to advance their perspectives. To the extent we are subject to such activism, it may require us to incur costs or otherwise adversely impact our business. This and other stakeholder expectations will likely lead to increased costs as well as scrutiny that could heighten all of the risks identified in this risk factor. Our customers and suppliers may be subject to similar risks, which may also result in augmented or additional risks.
We are exploring investments in energy transition, and uncertainties with respect to these markets may adversely affect our business.
Uncertainties with respect to the energy transition may adversely affect our business. As a result of our evolution in the renewable energies arena, we are exploring opportunities in GHG removal, offshore floating renewables, and hydrogen. While we have subsea and surface expertise, as well as capabilities in project integration, we are exploring opportunities that are new to us and therefore involve uncertainties and risks.
The market for alternative and renewable energy is also intensively competitive and rapidly evolving. If the demand for alternative and renewable energy sources fails to grow sufficiently or favors sources for technologies different from our offerings, if new geopolitical, legislative or regulatory initiatives emerge and governments around the world reduce subsidies and economic incentives on alternative or renewable energy projects, or if market opportunities manifest themselves in areas that we do not focus on, our New Energy business may not succeed.
Limited operating experience or limited brand recognition in new energy markets may also limit our goals and targets on business expansion.
Risks Related to Our Operations
We may lose money on fixed-price contracts.
As is customary for some of our projects, we often agree to provide products and services under fixed-price contracts. We are subject to material risks in connection with such fixed-price contracts, including bearing greater risk of paying some, if not all, of any cost overruns. It is not possible to estimate with complete certainty the final cost or margin of a project at the time of bidding or during the early phases of its execution. Actual expenses incurred in executing these fixed-price contracts can vary substantially from those originally anticipated for several reasons including, but not limited to, the following:
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unforeseen additional costs related to the purchase of substantial equipment, material, and components necessary for contract fulfillment or labor shortages in the markets where the contracts are performed;
increasing costs from inflation, rising interest rates, tariffs as well as supply chain disruptions;
mechanical failure of our production equipment and machinery;
delays caused by local weather conditions and/or natural disasters (including earthquakes, floods, and public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic), which may become more frequent or severe as a result of climate change; and
a failure of suppliers, subcontractors, or joint venture partners to perform their contractual obligations.

The realization of any material risks and unforeseen circumstances could also lead to delays in the execution schedule of a project. We may be held liable to a customer should we fail to meet project milestones or deadlines or to comply with other contractual provisions. Additionally, delays in certain projects could lead to delays in subsequent projects that were scheduled to use equipment and machinery still being utilized on a delayed project.
Pursuant to the terms of fixed-price contracts, we are not always able to increase the price of the contract to reflect factors that were unforeseen at the time our bid was submitted, and this risk may be heightened for projects with longer terms. Depending on the size of a project, variations from estimated contract performance, or variations in multiple contracts, could have a significant impact on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Our failure to timely deliver our backlog could affect future sales, profitability, and relationships with our customers.
Many of the contracts we enter into with our customers require long manufacturing lead times due to complex technical and logistical requirements. These contracts may contain clauses related to liquidated damages or financial incentives regarding on-time delivery, and a failure by us to deliver in accordance with customer expectations could subject us to liquidated damages or loss of financial incentives, reduce our margins on these contracts, or result in damage to existing customer relationships. The ability to meet customer delivery schedules for this backlog is dependent upon a number of factors, including, but not limited to, access to raw materials required for production, an adequately trained and capable workforce, subcontractor performance, project engineering expertise and execution, sufficient manufacturing plant capacity, and appropriate planning and scheduling of manufacturing resources. Failure to deliver backlog in accordance with expectations could negatively impact our financial performance.
We face risks relating to our reliance on subcontractors, suppliers, and our joint venture partners.
We generally rely on subcontractors, suppliers, and our joint venture partners for the performance of our contracts. Although we are not dependent upon any single supplier, certain geographic areas of our business or a project or group of projects may depend heavily on certain suppliers for raw materials or semi-finished goods.
Any difficulty in engaging suitable subcontractors or acquiring equipment and materials could compromise our ability to generate a significant margin on a project or to complete such project within the allocated time frame. If subcontractors, suppliers, or joint venture partners refuse to adhere to their contractual obligations with us, or are unable to do so due to a deterioration of their financial condition or other event such as a major cyberattack, we may be unable to find a suitable replacement at a comparable price, or at all. Moreover, the failure of one of our joint venture partners to perform their obligations in a timely and satisfactory manner could lead to additional obligations and costs being imposed on us as we may be obligated to assume our defaulting partner’s obligations or compensate our customers. There are also increasing expectations that companies monitor their supply chain for environmental, social, or geographic considerations. For example, various countries have adopted prohibitions on the import or sale of product that violate such considerations (such as the United States’ presumptive ban on goods mined, manufactured, or produced in whole or in part in the Xinjiang region of China). Complying with such expectations can be costly and complex and may, in some instances, impact how we are able or willing to engage with suppliers.
Any delay, failure to meet contractual obligations, or other event beyond our control or not foreseeable by us, that is attributable to a subcontractor, supplier, or joint venture partner, could lead to delays in the overall progress of the project and/or generate significant extra costs. Even if we are entitled to make a claim for these extra costs against the defaulting supplier, subcontractor, or joint venture partner, we may be unable to recover the entirety of these costs and this could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
A failure or breach of our IT infrastructure or that of our subcontractors, suppliers, or joint venture partners, including as a result of cyber-attacks, could adversely impact our business and results of operations.
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The efficient and successful operation of our business is dependent on the security and integrity of our physical assets and computing hardware, software, technology infrastructure, online sites and networks (as well as those provided by third parties) (collectively, “IT Systems”), and data about customers, employees and others, including personal information and proprietary business data (collectively, “Confidential Information”) that we process and maintain. Accordingly, we rely upon the capacity, reliability, and security of our IT Systems and our ability to expand and update such systems in response to changing needs and evolving threats.
We face numerous and evolving cybersecurity risks that threaten the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our IT Systems and Confidential Information. We are continuously subject to cyber-attacks, including phishing/social engineering, malware, ransomware, and other security incidents, and expect attacks and other incidents in the future. No attack or incident has had a material adverse effect on our business; however, this may not be the case with future attacks. There can be no assurance that our cybersecurity risk management program and processes, including our policies, controls, or procedures, will be fully implemented, complied with, or effective in protecting our IT Systems and Confidential Information. Accordingly, our IT Systems and Confidential Information are vulnerable to compromise and damage from such attacks, as well as from natural disasters, failures, or security vulnerabilities in hardware or software, power fluctuations, unauthorized access to data and systems, theft, loss or destruction of data (including confidential customer, employee or contractor information or other Confidential Information), human error, and other similar disruptions. Hybrid working arrangements also present increased cybersecurity risks due to the prevalence of social engineering and other attacks in relation to remote working arrangements. If a cyber-attack, power outage, connectivity issue, or other event occurred that impacted our employees’ ability to work remotely, it may be difficult or, in certain cases, impossible, for us to continue our business for a substantial period of time.
We rely on third parties to provide certain IT Systems, for example, to support the operation of our IT hardware, software infrastructure, and cloud services, and in certain instances, we utilize web-based and software-as-a-service applications, across a broad array of services and functions (e.g., human resources, finance, data transmission, communications, risk compliance, among others). Third parties are also involved in helping us collect, process, and maintain aspects of our Confidential Information. The security and privacy measures implemented by third parties on whom we rely for internal and external operations may not be sufficient to identify or prevent cyber-attacks, and any such attacks may have a material adverse effect on our business. While our agreements with third parties, such as vendors, typically contain provisions that seek to eliminate or limit our exposure to liability for damages from a cyber-attack, we cannot ensure such provisions will withstand legal challenges or cover all or any such damages. We have acquired and continue to acquire companies with cybersecurity vulnerabilities and/or unsophisticated security measures, which exposes us to significant cybersecurity, operational, and financial risks.
Threats to our IT Systems and to those of our subcontractors, suppliers, and joint venture partners arise from numerous sources, not all of which are within our or their control, including but not limited to fraud or malice on the part of insiders or third parties, accidental technological failure or unknown vulnerabilities in hardware or software, electrical or telecommunication outages, failures of computer servers, or other damage to our property or assets, outbreaks of hostilities, terrorist acts, and social engineering (e.g., phishing). The frequency and magnitude of cyberattacks and other security incidents is expected to increase in the future and attackers are becoming more sophisticated. We, as well as other critical business partners, may be unable to anticipate, detect, or prevent future attacks, particularly because the methodologies utilized by attackers change frequently or are not recognized until launched, and attackers are increasingly using techniques and tools (such as AI) designed to circumvent controls, to avoid detection, and to remove or obfuscate forensic evidence. The failure of our or others’ security controls and measures to prevent, detect, contain, or remediate cyberattacks or other significant security incidents could disrupt our business and result in numerous adverse consequences, including reduced effectiveness and efficiency of operations, inappropriate disclosure of confidential and proprietary information, including personal data and loss of important information, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations and cause reputational harm. Data security breaches could also expose us to liability under various laws and regulations and increase the risk of litigation and governmental or regulatory investigation. We may need to notify governmental authorities and affected individuals with respect to data breach incidents, including for example, under laws in the European Union (“EU”), the United Kingdom, and the United States at both state and federal levels, as well as make notifications to affected individuals and customers. Compliance with such requirements could be expensive and difficult, and failure to comply with these regulations could subject us to regulatory scrutiny and additional liability (including fines). In addition, we may be required to incur significant costs to protect against or to mitigate damage caused by these attacks, disruptions, or other security incidents in the future. Our insurance coverage may not cover all of the costs and liabilities we incur as the result of these events or be available in the future on economic terms or at all, and if our business continuity and/or disaster recovery plans do not effectively and timely resolve issues resulting from a cyber-attack, we may suffer material adverse effects on our business.
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We may use artificial intelligence, machine learning, data science and similar technologies in our business, and challenges with properly managing such technologies could result in reputational harm, competitive harm, and legal liability, and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Artificial intelligence, machine learning, data science, and similar technologies (collectively, "AI"), including third-party AI tools, may be enabled by, or integrated into, some of our business processes and solutions. As with many developing technologies, AI presents risks and challenges that could affect its further development, adoption, and use, and therefore, our business. AI algorithms may be flawed or biased. Datasets used to train or develop AI systems may be insufficient, of inferior quality, or contain biased, incorrect, or incomplete information. The utilization of AI may increase our risk and liability exposure relating to confidentiality, intellectual property infringement, and client use restrictions. Our AI governance review process and safeguards may not be adequate to protect against these risks and challenges.
Advances in AI, such as deepfakes, automated attack tools, and adaptive offensive models, increase cybersecurity, operational, legal, and reputational risks. Threat actors can now use generative AI to create highly realistic synthetic communications, conduct targeted social‑engineering campaigns, develop detection‑evading malware, and more. If we are unable to effectively develop, deploy, or govern AI technologies, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Pirates and maritime conflicts endanger our maritime employees and assets.
We face material piracy and maritime conflict risks in the Gulf of Guinea, the Somali Basin, the Gulf of Aden, and the Red Sea, and, to a lesser extent in Southeast Asia, Malacca, and the Singapore Straits. Piracy represents a risk for both our projects and our vessels, which operate and transport through sensitive maritime areas. We may face additional risks to the extent other maritime disputes or conflicts emerge, such as the conflict around the Houthis’ attacks in the Red Sea following the Israel/Hamas war. Such risks have the potential to significantly harm our crews and to negatively impact the execution schedule for our projects. If our maritime employees or assets are endangered, additional time may be required to find an alternative solution, which may delay project realization and negatively impact our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Capital asset construction projects for vessels and manufacturing facilities are subject to risks, including delays and cost overruns, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, or results of operations.
From time to time, we carry out capital asset construction projects to maintain, upgrade, and develop our asset base, and such projects are subject to risks of delay and cost overruns that are inherent in any large construction project, resulting from numerous factors including, but not limited to, the following:
shortages of key equipment, materials, or skilled labor;
inflation, including rising costs of labor;
delays in the delivery of ordered materials and equipment;
design and engineering issues; and
shipyard delays and performance issues.

Failure to complete construction in time, or the inability to complete construction in accordance with design specifications, may result in the loss of revenue. Additionally, capital expenditures for construction projects could materially exceed the initially planned investments, or there could be delays in putting such assets into operation.
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Risks Related to Legal Proceedings, Tax and Regulatory Matters
The industries in which we operate or have operated expose us to potential liabilities, including as a result of the installation or use of our products, which may not be covered by insurance or may be in excess of policy limits, or for which expected recoveries may not be realized.
We are subject to potential liabilities arising from, among other possibilities, equipment malfunctions, equipment misuse, personal injuries, and natural disasters, any of which may result in hazardous situations, including uncontrollable flows of oil, gas or well fluids, or other sources of energy, fires, and explosions, which could disrupt our operations and damage our brand and reputation. Our insurance against these risks may not be adequate to cover our liabilities. Further, the insurance may not generally be available in the future or, if available, premiums may not be commercially justifiable. If we incur substantial liability and the damages are not covered by insurance or are in excess of policy limits, or if we were to incur liability at a time when we were not able to obtain liability insurance, such potential liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.
Our operations require us to comply with numerous laws and regulations, violations of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.Our operations require us to comply with numerous regulations, violations of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Our operations and manufacturing activities are governed by international, regional, transnational, and national laws and regulations in every place where we operate relating to matters such as environmental protection, health and safety, labor and employment, import/export controls (including export control laws and regulations administered and enforced by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. Department of State), currency exchange, bribery and corruption, taxation, and AI. These laws and regulations are complex, frequently change, and have tended to become more stringent over time. In the event the scope of these laws and regulations expands in the future, or we introduce new features in our products and services or change our operations in a way that subjects us to new and evolving laws and regulations, the incremental cost of compliance could adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. In the event the scope of these laws and regulations expands in the future, or we introduce new features in our products and services, such as AI, that subject us to new and evolving laws and regulations, the incremental cost of compliance could adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Our international operations are subject to anti-corruption laws and regulations, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010 (the “Bribery Act”), the anti-corruption provisions of French law n° 2016-1691 dated December 9, 2016 relating to Transparency, Anti-corruption and Modernization of the Business Practice, the Brazilian law nº 12,846/13, or the Brazilian Anti-Bribery Act (also known as the Brazilian Clean Company Act), and economic and trade sanctions, including those administered by the United Nations, the EU, the United Kingdom, and the United States (including the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“U.S. Treasury”), the U.S. Department of State, and the U.S. Department of Commerce). The FCPA prohibits corruptly providing anything of value to foreign officials for the purposes of obtaining or retaining business or securing any improper business advantage. We may deal with both governments and state-owned business enterprises, the employees of which are considered foreign officials for purposes of the FCPA. The provisions of the Bribery Act extend beyond bribery of foreign public officials and are more onerous than the FCPA in a number of other respects, including jurisdiction, non-exemption of facilitation payments, and penalties. Economic and trade sanctions restrict our transactions or dealings with certain sanctioned countries, territories, and designated persons.
As a result of doing business in countries throughout the world, including through partners and agents, we are exposed to a risk of violating anti-corruption laws and sanctions regulations. Some of the international locations in which we currently operate or may operate, in the future, have developing legal systems and may have higher levels of corruption than more developed nations. Our continued expansion and worldwide operations, including in developing countries, our development of joint venture relationships worldwide, and the employment of local agents in the countries in which we operate increase the risk of violations of anti-corruption laws and economic and trade sanctions. Violations of anti-corruption laws and economic and trade sanctions are punishable by civil penalties, including fines, denial of export privileges, injunctions, asset seizures, debarment from government contracts (and termination of existing contracts), and revocations or restrictions of licenses, as well as criminal fines and imprisonment. In addition, any major violations could have a significant impact on our reputation and, consequently, on our ability to win future business.
Additionally, we use artificial intelligence, machine learning, and automated decision-making technologies, including proprietary AI and machine learning algorithms and models (collectively, “AI Technologies”). The regulatory framework for AI Technologies continues to evolve across jurisdictions. In Europe, the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (the “EU AI Act”) establishes a comprehensive, risk-based governance framework for AI in the EU market, with the majority of the substantive requirements applying from August 2, 2026. Applicable requirements depend on the
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specific AI use case (such as requirements around transparency, conformity assessments and monitoring, risk assessments, human oversight, security, accuracy, general purpose AI and foundation models). The EU AI Act together with developing guidance and/or decisions in this area, may affect our use of AI Technologies and our ability to provide, improve or commercialize our services, require additional compliance measures and changes to our operations and processes, result in increased compliance costs and potential increases in civil claims against us, and could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We have implemented policies and procedures designed to minimize and detect potential violations of laws and regulations in a timely manner, but we can provide no assurance that such policies and procedures will be followed at all times or will effectively detect and prevent violations of the applicable laws by one or more of our employees, consultants, agents, or partners. The occurrence of any such violation could subject us to penalties and material adverse consequences on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Compliance with environmental and climate change-related laws and regulations may adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Environmental laws and regulations in various countries affect the equipment, systems, and services we design, market, and sell, as well as the facilities where we manufacture our equipment and systems, and any other operations we undertake. These laws include those governing the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relating to environmental protection. We are required to invest financial and managerial resources to comply with environmental laws and regulations, and we believe that we will continue to be required to do so in the future. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in the assessment of administrative, civil, and criminal penalties, the imposition of remedial obligations, the issuance of orders enjoining our operations, or other claims and complaints. Additionally, our insurance and compliance costs may increase as a result of changes in environmental laws and regulations or changes in enforcement. These laws and regulations, as well as any new laws and regulations affecting exploration and development of drilling for oil and natural gas, are becoming increasingly strict and could adversely affect our business and operating results by increasing our costs, limiting the demand for our products and services, or restricting our operations.
Regulatory requirements related to sustainability matters have been, and are being, implemented in relation to financial market participants.Regulatory requirements related to sustainability matters have been, and are being, implemented in the EU in particular, in relation to financial market participants. Such regulatory requirements are being implemented on a phased basis. We expect regulatory requirements related to, and investor focus on, sustainability matters to continue to expand in the EU, the United Kingdom, Australia, and more globally. In the United States, various policymakers, including the State of California, have adopted (or are considering adopting) requirements for certain companies to undertake disclosures or actions on climate or other sustainability matters. For example, in the United States, various policymakers, including the SEC and the State of California, have adopted (or are considering adopting) requirements for certain companies to undertake disclosures or actions on climate or other sustainability matters. Moreover, policymakers’ approaches are not uniform, which may increase the cost or complexity of compliance, as well as increase the general risk of litigation or enforcement on such matters.

Existing or future laws and regulations relating to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change may adversely affect our business.
Climate change continues to attract considerable public and scientific attention. As a result, numerous laws, regulations, and proposals have been made and are likely to continue to be made at the international, national, regional, and state levels of government to monitor and limit emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and other “greenhouse gases.” These efforts have included cap-and-trade programs, carbon taxes, GHG reporting and tracking programs, and regulations that directly limit GHG emissions from certain sources. Such existing or future laws, regulations, and proposals concerning the release of GHGs or that concern climate change (including laws, regulations, and proposals that seek to mitigate the effects of climate change) may require additional costs and may adversely impact demand for the equipment, systems, and services we design, market, and sell. For example, oil and natural gas exploration and production may decline as a result of such laws, regulations, and proposals, or any policies aimed at directly curtailing such exploration and production, and as a consequence, demand for our equipment, systems, and services may also decline. In addition, such laws, regulations, and proposals may also result in more onerous obligations with respect to our operations, including the facilities where we import and/or manufacture our equipment and systems. Such decline in demand for our equipment, systems, and services and such onerous obligations in respect of our operations may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Uninsured claims and litigation against us, including product liability and personal injury claims and intellectual property litigation, could adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
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We could be impacted by the outcome of pending litigation, as well as unexpected litigation or proceedings. We have insurance coverage against operating hazards, including product liability claims and personal injury claims related to our products or operating environments in which our employees operate, to the extent deemed prudent by our management and to the extent insurance is available. However, our insurance policies are subject to exclusions, limitations, and other conditions and may not apply in all cases, for example, where willful wrongdoing on our part is alleged. Additionally, the nature and amount of that insurance may not be sufficient to fully indemnify us against liabilities arising out of pending and future claims and litigation. Additionally, in individual circumstances, certain proceedings or cases may also lead to our formal or informal exclusion from tenders or the revocation or loss of business licenses or permits. Our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows could be adversely affected by unexpected claims not covered by insurance.
In addition, the tools, techniques, methodologies, programs, and components we use to provide our services, including through our use of AI, may infringe upon the intellectual property rights of others. Infringement claims generally result in significant legal and other costs. The resolution of these claims could require us to pay damages, enter into license agreements or develop alternative technologies. The development of these technologies or the payment of royalties under licenses from third parties, if available, would increase our costs. If a license were not available, or we are not able to develop alternative technologies, we might not be able to continue providing a particular service or product, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
As an English public limited company, we must meet certain additional financial requirements before we may declare dividends or repurchase shares and certain capital structure decisions may require stockholder approval which may limit our flexibility to manage our capital structure. We may not be able to pay dividends or repurchase our ordinary shares in accordance with our announced intent, or at all.
Under English law, we will only be able to declare dividends, make distributions, or repurchase shares (other than out of the proceeds of a new issuance of shares for that purpose) out of “distributable profits.” Distributable profits are a company’s accumulated, realized profits, to the extent that they have not been previously utilized by distribution or capitalization, less its accumulated, realized losses, to the extent that they have not been previously written off in a reduction or reorganization of capital duly made. In addition, as a public limited company incorporated in England and Wales, we may only make a distribution if the amount of our net assets is not less than the aggregate of our called-up share capital and non-distributable reserves, to the extent that the distribution does not reduce the amount of those assets to less than that aggregate.
Our articles of association permit us by ordinary resolution of the stockholders to declare dividends, provided that the directors have made a recommendation as to its amount. The dividend shall not exceed the amount recommended by the Board of Directors. The directors may also decide to pay interim dividends if it appears to them that the profits available for distribution justify such payment. When recommending or declaring payment of a dividend, the directors are required under English law to comply with their duties, including considering our future financial requirements.
In addition, the Board of Directors’ determinations regarding dividends and share repurchases will depend on a variety of other factors, including our net income, cash flows generated from operations or other sources, liquidity position, and potential alternative uses of cash, such as acquisitions, as well as economic conditions and expected future financial results. Our ability to declare and pay future dividends and make future share repurchases will depend on our future financial performance, which in turn depends on the successful implementation of our strategy and on financial, competitive, regulatory, technical, general economic conditions, demand and selling prices for our products and services, and other factors specific to our industry or specific projects, many of which are beyond our control. Therefore, our ability to generate cash depends on the performance of our operations and could be limited by decreases in our profitability or increases in costs, regulatory changes, capital expenditures, or debt servicing requirements.
Any failure to pay dividends or repurchase shares of our ordinary shares could negatively impact our reputation, harm investor confidence in us, and cause the market price of our ordinary shares to decline.
We are subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to privacy, data protection, and data security. Our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business.
We are subject to international data protection laws, such as the European Union General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679 (“EU GDPR”) and its implementing legislation, the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation and Data Protection Act 2018 (collectively, the “UK GDPR”), certain U.S. state regulations, and the Lei
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Geral de Proteção de Dados (“LGPD”) in Brazil. The EU GDPR, UK GDPR, and implementing legislation (collectively, “GDPR”) comprehensively regulate our use of personal data and have increased our obligations, regarding cross-border transfers of personal data outside of the EEA and the UK. The EU GDPR, UK GDPR, and implementing legislation (collectively, “GDPR”) comprehensively regulates our use of personal data, which have increased our obligations, regarding cross-border transfers of personal data outside of the EEA and the UK.
In relation to cross-border transfers of personal data, we expect the existing legal complexity and uncertainty regarding international personal data transfers to continue, and international data transfers to the United States and to other jurisdictions more generally to continue to be subject to enhanced scrutiny by regulators. As the regulatory guidance and enforcement landscape in relation to data transfers continues to develop, we could suffer additional costs, complaints and/or regulatory investigations or fines; we may have to stop using certain tools and vendors and make other operational changes; we may have to implement alternative data transfer mechanisms under GDPR, and/or take additional compliance and operational measures; or it could otherwise affect the manner in which we provide our services, which in turn can adversely affect our business, operations, and financial condition.
We are also subject to evolving privacy laws on cookies, tracking technologies, and e-marketing.We are also subject to evolving EU and UK privacy laws on cookies, tracking technologies, and e-marketing. Recent European court and regulator decisions are driving increased attention to cookies and tracking technologies. If the trend of increasing enforcement by regulators of the strict approach to opt-in consent for all but essential use cases, as seen in recent guidance and decisions continues, this could lead to additional costs and require significant systems changes. Violations of such laws could result in regulatory investigations, fines, orders to cease/change our use of such technologies, as well as civil claims including class actions, and reputational damage.
Failure to comply with the requirements of the data protection laws like GDPR could result in fines and/or other enforcement action for non-compliance. Since we are subject to the supervision of relevant data protection authorities under multiple legal regimes (including under both the EU GDPR and the UK GDPR), we could be fined under those regimes independently in respect of the same breach. Penalties for certain GDPR breaches are up to the greater of €20,000,000/ £17,000,000 or up to four percent of the total worldwide annual turnover of the preceding financial year. In addition to fines, a breach of data protection laws may result in regulatory investigations and enforcement action, reputational damage, orders to cease/change our data processing activities, enforcement notices, assessment notices (for a compulsory audit), and/or civil claims including representative actions and other class action type litigation, potentially amounting to significant compensation or damages liabilities, as well as associated costs, diversion of internal resources, and reputational harm.
We are likely to be required to expend significant capital and other resources to ensure ongoing compliance with GDPR and other applicable data protection legislation, and we may be required to put in place additional control mechanisms which could be onerous and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
The IRS may not agree that we should be treated as a foreign corporation for U.S. federal tax purposes and may seek to impose an excise tax on gains recognized by certain individuals.
Although we are incorporated in the United Kingdom, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) may assert that we should be treated as a U.S. “domestic” corporation (and, therefore, a U.S. tax resident) for U.S. federal income tax purposes pursuant to Section 7874 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code” and such Section, “Section 7874”). For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a corporation (i) is generally considered a “domestic” corporation (or U.S. tax resident) if it is organized in the United States or of any state or political subdivision therein, and (ii) is generally considered a “foreign” corporation (or non-U.S. tax resident) if it is not considered a domestic corporation. Because we are a U.K. incorporated entity, we would be considered a foreign corporation (and, therefore, a non-U.S. tax resident) under these rules. Section 7874 provides an exception under which a foreign incorporated entity may, in certain circumstances, be treated as a domestic corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
We do not believe this exception applies. However, the Section 7874 rules are complex and subject to detailed regulations, the application of which is uncertain in various respects. It is possible that the IRS will not agree with our position. Should the IRS successfully challenge our position, it is also possible that an excise tax under Section 4985 of the Code (the “Section 4985 Excise Tax”) may be assessed against certain “disqualified individuals” (including former officers and directors of FMC Technologies, Inc.) on certain stock-based compensation held thereby. We may, if we determine that it is appropriate, provide disqualified individuals with a payment with respect to the Section 4985 Excise Tax, so that, on a net after-tax basis, they would be in the same position as if no such Section 4985 Excise Tax had been applied. In addition, if the IRS asserts that we should be treated as a U.S. domestic corporation (and, therefore, a U.S. tax resident) for U.S. federal income tax purposes pursuant to Section 7874, there is a risk we would suffer additional income taxes associated with the U.S. taxation, on the income of our
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non-U.S. affiliates. Currently, the income of our non-U.S. affiliates that are not owned (directly or indirectly) by U.S. affiliates is generally not subject to U.S. income taxation. However, should the IRS assert that we should be treated as a domestic corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we or our applicable U.S. affiliates would become subject to taxation on the income of our non-U.S. affiliates under the “controlled foreign corporation” U.S. tax rules.
In addition, there can be no assurance that there will not be a change in law or interpretation, including with retroactive effect, which might cause us to be treated as a domestic corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
U.S. tax laws and/or guidance could affect our ability to engage in certain acquisition strategies and certain internal restructurings.
Even if we are treated as a foreign corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, Section 7874, U.S. Treasury regulations, and other guidance promulgated thereunder may adversely affect our ability to engage in certain future acquisitions of U.S. businesses or to restructure the non-U.S. members of our group. These limitations, if applicable, may affect the tax efficiencies that otherwise might be achieved in such potential future transactions or restructurings.
We are subject to the tax laws of numerous jurisdictions; challenges to the interpretation of, or future changes to, such laws could adversely affect us.
We and our subsidiaries are subject to tax laws and regulations in the United Kingdom, the United States, France, and numerous other jurisdictions in which we operate. These laws and regulations are inherently complex, requiring us to make judgments about their application to our businesses. Governmental authorities may challenge our interpretations, potentially leading to administrative or judicial proceedings, penalties, or other material consequences.
The U.S. Congress, the U.K. Government, the EU, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (the “OECD”), and other governmental bodies continue to focus on multinational taxation. In October 2021, the OECD introduced a global minimum tax of 15% under its “Pillar Two” framework, with approximately 140 countries tentatively agreeing in principle. The implementation of this global minimum tax, however, is contingent upon the independent actions of participating countries and is subject to further negotiation among OECD member states. The EU adopted the directive on December 15, 2022, requiring member states to enact national laws by December 31, 2023, with full application beginning in 2024 (except for the “undertaxed payment rule,” which is applicable for fiscal years starting on or after December 31, 2024). These rules continue to be refined by the OECD with the latest updates issued in January 2026, This new package of administrative guidance included a range of measures, such as the establishment of a permanent simplified effective tax rate (“ETR”) safe harbor, a one-year extension of the transitional country-by-country reporting safe harbor and the recognition of certain existing minimum tax regimes other than Pillar Two.
Many EU member states, including France, have now incorporated Pillar Two into domestic law. Similarly, the United Kingdom enacted legislation under the Finance (No. 2) Act 2023, introducing a Pillar Two Income Inclusion Rule (“IIR”) and Multinational Top-up Tax (“MTT”), effective for accounting periods starting on or after December 31, 2023. These rules apply to multinational and U.K. groups with annual revenues exceeding €750 million. As a U.K company, we are subject to the MTT under the IIR, which ensures that income from jurisdictions with an ETR below 15% is taxed up to that minimum.K company, we are subject to the MTT under the IIR, which ensures that income from jurisdictions with an effective tax rate (“ETR”) below 15% is taxed up to that minimum. The U.K. legislation also provides a transitional safe harbor election for accounting periods beginning on or before December 31, 2026. We are monitoring legislation to determine whether the United Kingdom will adopt the new OECD package released in January 2026. Regarding France, on January 12, 2026, the European Commission published in the Official Journal of the European Union a Communication aimed at recognizing this new OECD package and confirming its integration into the Pillar Two directive, without requiring any modification of it. The implementation in France of the provisions resulting from this agreement for a “juxtaposed solution” might require a law.
Additionally, the U.K. government has introduced legislation in the Finance Bill 2024-2025 to implement the Undertaxed Profits Rule (“UTPR”), effective for accounting periods starting on or after December 31, 2024. While several jurisdictions where we operate have adopted domestic top-up taxes, these are expected to be creditable against our overall Pillar Two liability under the IIR. Similarly, the UTPR serves as a backstop when income is not otherwise subject to an IIR. Since the Company is already taxed at the U.K. level under the IIR, we do not anticipate an incremental financial impact from the UTPR. We continue to monitor legislative changes and assess their potential impact on our business, including the implementation of domestic top-up taxes.
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New tax initiatives, directives, and rules, such as the U.S. One Big Beautiful Bill Act, enacted on July 4, 2025 (the “OBBBA”), and updates to existing guidance such as the OECD’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting initiative, and the EU’s Anti-Tax Avoidance Directives, may increase our tax burden and require additional compliance-related expenditures. As a result, our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows may be adversely affected. Moreover, the U.S. government, and other jurisdictions in which we do business, may enact significant changes to the taxation of business entities including, among others, the imposition of minimum taxes or surtaxes on certain types of income. The likelihood of these changes being enacted or implemented is unclear. Further changes, including with retroactive effect, in the tax laws of the United States (such as the recent United States Inflation Reduction Act which, among other changes, introduced a 15 percent corporate minimum tax on certain United States corporations), the United Kingdom, the EU, or other countries in which we and our affiliates do business could adversely affect us. Further changes, including with retroactive effect, in the tax laws of the United States (such as the recent United States Inflation Reduction Act which, among other changes, introduced a 15 percent corporate minimum tax on certain United States corporations and a one percent excise tax on certain stock redemptions by United States corporations, which the US Treasury indicated may also apply to certain stock redemptions by a foreign corporation funded by certain United States affiliates), the United Kingdom, the EU, or other countries in which we and our affiliates do business could adversely affect us.
We may not qualify for benefits under tax treaties entered into between the United Kingdom and other countries.
We operate in a manner such that we believe we are eligible for benefits under tax treaties between the United Kingdom and other countries. However, our ability to qualify for such benefits will depend on whether we are treated as a UK tax resident, the requirements contained in each treaty and applicable domestic laws, on the facts and circumstances surrounding our operations and management, and on the relevant interpretation of the tax authorities and courts. For example, because of Brexit, we may lose some or all of the benefits of tax treaties between the United Kingdom and the remaining members of the EU, and face higher tax liabilities, which may be significant. For example, because of Brexit, we may lose some or all of the benefits of tax treaties between the United States and the remaining members of the EU, and face higher tax liabilities, which may be significant. Another example is the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (the “MLI”), which entered into force for participating jurisdictions on July 1, 2018. The MLI recommends that countries adopt a “limitation-on-benefit” (“LOB”) rule and/or a “principal purpose test” (“PPT”) rule with regards to their tax treaties. The application of the LOB rule or the PPT rule could deny us treaty benefits (such as a reduced rate of withholding tax) that were previously available and as such there remains uncertainty as to whether and, if so, to what extent such treaty benefits will continue to be available. The position is likely to remain uncertain for a number of years.
The failure by us or our subsidiaries to qualify for benefits under tax treaties entered into between the United Kingdom and other countries could result in adverse tax consequences to us (including an increased tax burden and increased filing obligations) and could result in certain tax consequences of owning and disposing of our shares.
We intend to be treated exclusively as a resident of the United Kingdom for tax purposes, but French or other tax authorities may seek to treat us as a tax resident of another jurisdiction.
We are incorporated in the United Kingdom. English law currently provides that we will be regarded as a UK resident for tax purposes from incorporation and shall remain so unless (i) we are concurrently a resident in another jurisdiction (applying the tax residence rules of that jurisdiction) that has a double tax treaty with the United Kingdom and (ii) there is a tiebreaker provision in that tax treaty which allocates exclusive residence to that other jurisdiction.
In this regard, we had a permanent establishment in France to satisfy certain French tax requirements imposed by the French Tax Code with respect to the Merger. The assets and liabilities pertaining to this permanent establishment were contributed on December 27, 2022 to one of our French subsidiaries with retroactive effect as of January 1, 2022, in accordance with a tax ruling issued by the French tax authorities, as a result of which this permanent establishment has been deregistered before the close of the 2022 fiscal year. Although it is intended that we will be treated as having our exclusive place of tax residence in the United Kingdom, the French tax authorities may claim, for the period prior to the reorganization, that we were a tax resident of France if we were to have failed to maintain our “place of effective management” in the United Kingdom over that period as a result of the activities of such permanent establishment. Any such claim would be settled between the French and U.K. tax authorities pursuant to the mutual agreement procedure provided for by the tax treaty concluded between France and the United Kingdom. There is no assurance that these authorities would reach an agreement that we will remain exclusively a U.K. tax resident; an adverse determination could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. A failure to maintain exclusive tax residency in the United Kingdom could result in adverse tax consequences to us and our subsidiaries and could result in certain adverse changes in the tax consequences of owning and disposing of our shares.
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Significant changes or developments in U.S. or other national trade policies, including tariffs, and the reactions of other countries thereto, may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
We operate in various countries across the world and source a wide range of raw materials and components from the international market. Significant changes or developments in U.S. or other national laws and policies, such as laws and policies surrounding international trade, foreign affairs, manufacturing and development and investment in the territories and countries where we or our customers operate, can materially adversely affect our business and results of operations. Policies affecting international trade, foreign investment, and energy production—such as tariffs, export controls, economic sanctions, and import restrictions—can impact supply chain costs, the availability of key components, and overall industry profitability. For instance, the United States has recently proposed and made changes in trade policies that include export control restrictions, renegotiation or termination of trade agreements, imposition of higher tariffs on imports into the United States, and other regulations affecting trade between the United States and countries where we conduct our business or have business relationships. A number of other nations have proposed and implemented similar tariff measures directed at trade with the United States in response thereto. A number of other nations have proposed and implemented similar measures directed at trade with the United States in 32response thereto. As a result of these developments and likely similar trade restrictions in the future, there may be greater restrictions and economic disincentives on international trade that could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Our efforts to reduce potential disruptions to our supply chain and offset procurement and operational cost pressures, such as through alternative sourcing, tariff mitigation strategies, and/or increases in the selling prices of some of our products and services, may not be successful.

General Risk Factors
Our businesses are dependent on the continuing services of our key managers and employees.
We depend on key personnel. The loss of any key personnel could adversely impact our business if we are unable to implement key strategies or transactions in their absence. The loss of qualified employees or failure to recruit, retain, and motivate additional highly skilled employees required for the operation and expansion of our business, through competitive compensation and other comprehensive attraction, retention, and development initiatives, could hinder our operation and expansion, as well as our ability to successfully conduct research activities and develop marketable products and services. The loss of qualified employees or failure to recruit, retain, and motivate additional highly skilled employees required for the operation and expansion of our business could hinder our operation and expansion, as well as our ability to successfully conduct research activities and develop marketable products and services. Effective succession planning is also vital to our long-term success. If we fail to manage transitions among key roles, our strategic planning and execution could be impaired.
Seasonal, weather, and other climatic conditions could adversely affect demand for our services and operations.
Our business may be materially affected by variation from normal weather patterns, such as cooler or warmer summers and winters. Adverse weather conditions, such as tropical storms in the Gulf of America or Indo-Pacific or extreme winter conditions in Canada and the North Sea, may interrupt or curtail our operations or our customers’ operations, cause supply disruptions or loss of productivity, and may result in a loss of revenue or damage to our equipment and facilities, which may or may not be insured. Adverse weather conditions, such as tropical storms in the Gulf of America or Indo-Pacific or extreme winter conditions in Canada, and the North Sea, may interrupt or curtail our operations, or our customers’ operations, cause supply disruptions or loss of productivity, and may result in a loss of revenue or damage to our equipment and facilities, which may or may not be insured. In addition, acute or chronic physical impacts of climate change, such as sea level rise, coastal storm surge, inland flooding from intense rainfall and hurricane-strength winds may damage our facilities or the facilities of key third parties or result in operational interruptions. Increasing concentrations of GHGs in the Earth’s atmosphere are expected to produce climate changes that increase variation from normal weather patterns, such as increased frequency and severity of storms, floods, droughts, and other climatic events, as well as longer-term climatic changes, such as shifting temperature and precipitation patterns, which could further impact our operations. Significant physical effects of climate change could also have a direct effect on our operations and an indirect effect on our business by interrupting the operations of those with whom we do business and may also impact the cost or availability of insurance. Any of these events or outcomes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.
Currency exchange rate fluctuations could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
We conduct operations around the world in many different currencies. Significant portions of our revenue and expenses are denominated in currencies other than our reporting currency, the U.S. dollar; therefore, changes in exchange rates will produce fluctuations in our revenue, costs, and earnings, and may also affect the book value of our assets and liabilities and related equity. We hedge transaction impacts on cash flow and earnings where a transaction is not in the functional currency of the operating business unit, but we do not hedge translation impacts on earnings. Our efforts to minimize our currency exposure through such hedging transactions may be impeded by
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market and business conditions. Moreover, our ability to hedge certain currencies in which we conduct operations, specifically currencies in countries such as Angola and Argentina, may be limited; therefore, we may be subject to increased foreign currency exposures. Moreover, our ability to hedge certain currencies in which we conduct operations, specifically currencies in countries such as Angola, Nigeria, and Argentina, may be limited; therefore, we may be subject to increased foreign currency exposures. In addition, we are subject to evolving laws and policies on foreign exchange controls in certain foreign jurisdictions, which may impact our ability to hedge and/or repatriate cash. As a result, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
We are exposed to risks in connection with our defined benefit pension plan commitments.
We have funded and unfunded defined benefit pension plans, which provide defined benefits based on years of service and salary. We are required to recognize the funded status of defined benefit post-retirement plans as an asset or liability in the consolidated balance sheet and recognize changes in that funded status in comprehensive income in the year in which the changes occur. Further, we are required to measure each plan’s assets and its obligations that determine its funded status as of the date of the consolidated balance sheet. The assets of each defined benefit pension plan are allocated across asset classes under professional advisement and subject to the plan’s own investment policy. Their value may fluctuate in accordance with market conditions. Any deterioration in the value of the defined benefit pension plan assets and/or change in actuarial assumptions and experience could therefore increase our obligations. Any such increases in our net pension obligations could adversely affect our financial condition due to increased additional outflow of funds to finance the pension obligations.
In addition, applicable law and/or the terms of the relevant defined benefit pension plan may require us to make cash contributions or provide financial support upon the occurrence of certain events. We cannot predict whether, or to what extent, changing market or economic conditions, regulatory changes, or other factors will further increase our pension expense or funding obligations. For further information regarding our pension liabilities, see Note 20.
We may be unable to obtain sufficient bonding capacity for certain contracts, and the need for performance and surety bonds could reduce availability under our credit facility.
In line with industry practice, we are often required to post standby letters of credit to customers or enter into surety bond arrangements in favor of customers. Those letters of credit and surety bond arrangements generally protect customers against our failure to perform our obligations under the applicable contracts. If we are unable to renew or obtain a sufficient level of bonding capacity in the future, we may be precluded from bidding for certain contracts or contracting with certain customers. Letters of credit issued against our credit facilities reduce availability under those facilities. Furthermore, under standard terms in the surety market, sureties issue bonds on a project-by-project basis and can decline to issue bonds at any time or require the posting of additional collateral as a condition to issuing or renewing any bonds. If we were to experience an interruption or reduction in the availability of bonding capacity as a result of these or any other reasons, we may be unable to compete for or work on projects that require bonding.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy
We have developed and implemented a cybersecurity risk management program intended to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our critical systems and information to support the strategic needs of our business. Our information security program is designed with reference to the ISO27001:2022 standard and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework (“NIST CSF”). This does not imply that we meet any particular standard, specification, or requirement, only that we use ISO27001:2022 and NIST CSF to help guide our approach to identifying, assessing, and managing cybersecurity risks relevant to our business. This does not imply that we meet any particular technical standards, specifications, or requirements, only that we use ISO27001:2022 and NIST CSF as guides to help us identify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risks relevant to our business.
Our cybersecurity risk management program is integrated into our overall enterprise risk management program, and shares common methodologies, reporting channels, and governance processes that apply across other legal, compliance, strategic, operational, and financial risk areas.Our cybersecurity risk management program is integrated into our overall enterprise risk management program, and shares common methodologies, reporting channels, and governance processes that apply across the enterprise risk management program to other legal, compliance, strategic, operational, and financial risk areas.
Key elements of our cybersecurity risk management program include but are not limited to:
risk assessments designed to help identify material cybersecurity risks to our critical systems, information, and services;
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a security team principally responsible for managing (1) our cybersecurity risk assessment processes, (2) our security controls, and (3) our response to cybersecurity incidents;
the use of external service providers, where appropriate, to assess, test, or otherwise assist with aspects of our security controls;
cybersecurity awareness training for our employees, incident response personnel, and senior management;
a cybersecurity incident response plan that includes procedures for responding to cybersecurity incidents; and
a third-party risk management process for service providers, suppliers, and vendors.
In alignment with industry practices, our information security processes and governance are informed by “key security principles,” including network security, patch and vulnerability management, least privilege, zero-trust based access controls, strong authentication practices, secure change management, and protection against malware and other threats. We routinely perform information protection and risk assessment reviews to help ensure our security posture remains appropriately aligned to our business needs and the threat landscape.
We face ongoing material risks from cybersecurity threats, which the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission defines as any potential unauthorized occurrence on or conducted through our information systems that may result in adverse effects on the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information systems or any information residing therein. See "Risk Factors—A failure or breach of our IT infrastructure or that of our subcontractors, suppliers, or joint venture partners, including as a result of cyber-attacks, could adversely impact our business and results of operations." However, aside from these general and ongoing risks, we have not identified risks from known cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our operations, business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition.
Cybersecurity Governance
Our Board considers cybersecurity risk as part of its overall risk oversight function and has delegated to the Audit Committee oversight of cybersecurity and other information technology risks.
The Audit Committee reviews and considers our risks relating to cybersecurity and receives and reviews regular reports from our Information Security Steering Committee (“ISSC”) on our cyber readiness, adversary assessments, risk profile, and any countermeasures undertaken or considered by us. Our ISSC also updates the Audit Committee, as necessary, regarding any significant cybersecurity incidents as well as incidents with lesser impact potential.
The Board receives regular updates from the Audit Committee on cybersecurity risks, often with the participation of the Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”) to report on our information security activities. The full Board also receives briefings from management on our cyber risk management program. Board members receive presentations on cybersecurity topics from our CISO or external experts as part of the Board’s continuing education on topics that impact public companies.
Our ISSC, composed of senior leaders including the Chief Technology Officer, Chief Legal Officer, Chief Information Officer, and CISO, is responsible for assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity threats.Our ISSC, including the Chief Technology Officer, Chief Legal Officer, Chief Information Officer, and CISO, is responsible for assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity threats. The ISSC receives monthly reports and updates from the CISO on cybersecurity risks and cybersecurity incidents. The team has primary responsibility for our overall cybersecurity risk management program and supervises both our internal cybersecurity personnel and our retained external cybersecurity consultants. Our ISSC includes team members with decades of cybersecurity experience and professional cybersecurity relevant certifications such as CISSP.
Our CISO brings more than two decades of experience in information security and risk management and holds a Master in Business Administration and multiple industry-recognized professional certifications, including, CISSP, Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control (CRISC), and CompTIA Security+.
The ISSC assists management in staying informed about and monitoring efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate, and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which may include briefings from internal security personnel, threat intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public, or private sources(including external consultants) and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in our IT environment.Our ISSC assists our management team to stay informed about and monitor efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate, and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which may include briefings from internal security personnel, threat intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants engaged by us, and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in the IT environment.
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