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Risk Factors - ETR

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Item 1A. Risk Factors in this report, (b) those factors discussed or incorporated by reference in Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis in this report, and (c) the following factors (in addition to others described elsewhere in this combined report and in subsequent filings with the SEC):

•resolution of pending and future rate cases and related litigation, formula rate proceedings and related negotiations, including various performance-based rate discussions, Entergy’s utility supply plan, and recovery of fuel and purchased power costs, as well as delays in cost recovery resulting from these proceedings;

•regulatory and operating challenges and uncertainties and economic risks associated with the Utility operating companies’ participation in MISO, including the benefits of continued MISO participation, the effect of current or projected MISO market rules, market design and market and system conditions in the MISO markets, the allocation of MISO system transmission upgrade costs, delays in developing or interconnecting new generation or other resources or other adverse effects arising from the volume of requests in the MISO transmission interconnection queue, which delays or other adverse effects may be exacerbated by significant current and expected load growth, the MISO-wide base rate of return on equity allowed or any MISO-related charges and credits required by the FERC, and the effect of planning decisions that MISO makes with respect to future transmission investments by the Utility operating companies (including, in each case, as it relates to new generation or transmission projects designed to serve the increased load growth of new large-scale data centers and other large customers);

•changes in utility regulation, including, with respect to retail and wholesale competition and special rules supporting service to large-scale data centers, the ability to recover net utility assets and other potential stranded costs, including those capital investments associated with unrealized customer growth expectations (including data center customers), and the application of more stringent return on equity criteria, transmission reliability requirements, or market power criteria by the FERC or the U.S. Department of Justice;

•changes in the regulation or regulatory oversight of Entergy’s nuclear generating facilities, nuclear materials and fuel, and the effects of new or existing safety or environmental concerns regarding nuclear power plants and fuel;

•resolution of pending or future applications, as well as regulatory proceedings, litigation or actions of governmental officials (including the presidential administration), relating to generation, transmission, or other facilities (including license modifications or other authorizations for nuclear generating facilities and applications relating to any facilities designed to serve large-scale data centers) and the effect of public and political opposition on these applications, regulatory proceedings, litigation, and actions, including without limitation opposition to the employment of technologies to capture, transport, and store carbon dioxide from gas plants, land use opposition to new solar facilities and transmission lines, and land use and other opposition to wind turbines;

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FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION (Continued)

•the performance of and deliverability of power from Entergy’s generation resources, including the capacity factors at Entergy’s nuclear generating facilities;

•increases in costs and capital expenditures that could result from changing regulatory requirements, changing governmental policies, priorities, programs, and actions, including as a result of tariffs, shifts in international trade policies, and other measures, changing or volatile economic conditions, disruptions to pre-existing supply chains and vendor relations, and emerging operating and industry issues, such as anticipated growth in demand from large-scale data centers, and the risks related to recovery of these costs and capital expenditures from Entergy’s customers (especially in an increasing cost environment);

•the commitment of substantial human and capital resources required for the safe and reliable operation and maintenance of Entergy’s utility system, including its nuclear generating facilities;

•Entergy’s ability to develop and execute on a point of view regarding future prices of electricity, natural gas, and other energy-related commodities;

•the prices and availability of fuel and power Entergy must purchase for its Utility customers, particularly given the recent and ongoing significant growth in liquified natural gas exports and the associated significantly increased demand for natural gas and resulting fluctuation in natural gas prices, increasing challenges with respect to natural gas transportation arrangements, and Entergy’s ability to meet credit support requirements for fuel and power supply contracts;

•volatility and changes in markets for electricity, natural gas, uranium, emissions allowances, and other energy-related commodities, including as a result of trade-related governmental actions, such as tariffs and other measures, and the effect of those changes on Entergy and its customers;

•changes in environmental laws and regulations, agency positions, or associated litigation, including requirements for reduced emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, greenhouse gases, mercury, particulate matter and other regulated air emissions, heat and other regulated discharges to water, waste management and disposal, remediation of contaminated sites, wetlands protection and permitting, and reporting, and changes in costs of compliance with environmental laws and regulations, as well as changes to federal, state, or local laws and regulations, including the One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025, and governmental policies incentivizing the development or utilization of alternative sources of generation;

•changes in laws and regulations, agency positions, or associated litigation related to protected species and associated critical habitat designations;

•the effects of changes in federal, state, or local laws and regulations, such as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025, and other governmental actions or policies, including changes in monetary, fiscal, tax, environmental, trade/tariff, domestic purchase requirements, or energy (including, among other things, data center energy use, efficiency standards, and sources of power) policies and related laws, regulations, and other governmental actions, including as a result of prolonged litigation over proposed legislation or regulatory actions;

•the effects of full or partial shutdowns of the federal government or delays in obtaining government or regulatory actions or decisions;

•uncertainty regarding the establishment of interim or permanent sites for spent nuclear fuel and nuclear waste storage and disposal and the level of spent fuel and nuclear waste disposal fees charged by the U.S. government or other providers related to such sites;

•variations in weather and the occurrence of hurricanes and other storms and disasters, including uncertainties associated with efforts to remediate the effects of hurricanes, ice storms, floods, wildfires, or other weather events and the recovery of costs associated with restoration, including the ability to access funded storm reserves, federal and local cost recovery mechanisms, securitization, and insurance, as well as any related unplanned outages;

•effects of climate change, including the potential for increases in the frequency or severity of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, heat waves, floods, drought or wildfires, and rising sea levels or coastal land and wetland loss, and Entergy’s ability to effectively prepare for such effects and events, including through accelerated resilience plans and projects, and any challenges in execution thereof and/or in obtaining any necessary regulatory approvals for appropriate scope and timing of such plans and projects now and in the future;

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FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION (Continued)

•the risk that as a result of Entergy’s membership in Nuclear Electric Insurance Limited (NEIL), an incident at a NEIL member-insured nuclear generation facility could lead to a significant retrospective assessment;

•the risk that an incident at a nuclear generation facility participating in a secondary financial protection system could lead to a significant retrospective insurance premium;

•changes in the quality and availability of water supplies and the related regulation of water use and diversion;

•Entergy’s ability to manage and execute on its capital projects, including any capital projects to serve the growing demand for electricity driven in part by the anticipated development of large-scale data centers, and to complete such capital projects timely and within budget, to obtain the anticipated performance or other benefits of such capital projects, and to manage its capital and operation and maintenance costs;

•the effects of supply chain disruptions, including those driven by geopolitical developments or trade-related governmental actions, including tariffs and other measures, and labor pressures, including from increased demand in the electric sector, on Entergy’s ability to complete its capital projects in a timely and cost-effective manner;

•Entergy’s ability to purchase and sell assets at attractive prices and on other attractive terms;

•the economic climate, and particularly economic conditions in the Utility service area and events and circumstances that could influence economic conditions in those areas, including power prices and inflation, and the risk that anticipated load growth may not materialize;

•changes to or the repeal of federal income tax laws, regulations, and interpretive guidance and policies, including the One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025 and the continuing impact of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 and the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, and any related intended or unintended consequences on financial results and future cash flows;

•the effects of Entergy’s strategies to reduce tax payments;

•the effect of interest rate volatility and other changes in the financial markets, federal law, including the One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025, and regulatory requirements for the issuance of securities, particularly as they affect access to and cost of capital and Entergy’s ability to refinance existing securities and fund investments and acquisitions;

•actions of rating agencies, including changes in the ratings of debt and preferred stock, changes in general corporate ratings, and changes in the rating agencies’ ratings criteria;

•changes in inflation and interest rates and the impacts of inflation or a recession on Entergy’s customers;

•the effects of government investigations, proceedings, or audits;

•changes in technology, including (i) Entergy’s ability to effectively assess, acquire, implement, and manage new or emerging technologies, including its ability to maintain and protect personally identifiable information while doing so; (ii) the emergence of artificial intelligence (including machine learning), which may present increased electricity demand, as well as ethical, security, legal, operational, or regulatory challenges; (iii) advances in artificial intelligence (including machine learning) technologies that could reduce the expected electricity demand for these technologies and data centers; (iv) the impact of changes relating to new, developing, or alternative sources of generation such as distributed energy and energy storage, renewable energy, energy efficiency, demand side management, and other measures that reduce load and government policies impacting development or utilization of the foregoing; and (v) competition from other companies offering products and services to Entergy’s customers based on new or emerging technologies or alternative sources of generation;

•Entergy’s ability to effectively formulate and implement plans to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases associated with climate change and increase carbon-free energy generation capacity, including its goal to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, the potential impact on its business and financial condition of attempting to achieve such objectives, and Entergy’s ability to make measurable progress toward any climate goals due to expected load growth or other factors;

•the effects, including increased security costs, of threatened or actual terrorism, cyber attacks or data security breaches, physical attacks on or other interference with facilities or infrastructure, natural or man-made electromagnetic pulses that affect transmission or generation infrastructure, accidents, and war or a catastrophic event such as a nuclear accident or a natural gas pipeline explosion;

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FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION (Concluded)

•impacts of perceived or actual cybersecurity or data security threats or events on Entergy and its subsidiaries, its vendors, suppliers or other third parties interconnected through the grid, which could, among other things, result in disruptions to its operations, including but not limited to, the loss of operational control, temporary or extended outages, or loss of data, including but not limited to, sensitive customer, employee, financial or operations data;

•the effects of a catastrophe, pandemic (or other health-related event), or a global or geopolitical event such as escalating trade tensions between the United States and China or the military activities between Russia and Ukraine, or in the Middle East, including resultant economic and societal disruptions; fuel procurement disruptions; volatility in the capital markets (and any related increased cost of capital or any inability to access the capital markets or draw on available bank credit facilities); reduced demand for electricity, particularly from commercial and industrial customers; increased or unrecoverable costs; supply chain, vendor, and contractor disruptions, including as a result of trade-related sanctions; delays in completion of capital or other construction projects, maintenance, and other operations activities, including prolonged or delayed outages; impacts to Entergy’s workforce availability, health, or safety; increased cybersecurity risks as a result of many employees telecommuting and/or working partially remotely; increased late or uncollectible customer payments; regulatory delays; executive orders affecting, or increased regulation of, Entergy’s business; changes in credit ratings or outlooks as a result of any of the foregoing; or other adverse impacts on Entergy’s ability to execute on its business strategies and initiatives or, more generally, on Entergy’s results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity;

•Entergy’s ability to attract and retain talented management, directors, and employees with specialized skills, institutional knowledge, capacity, and abilities, including the ability to effectively execute on Entergy’s growth strategy;

•Entergy’s ability to attract, retain, and manage an appropriately qualified and sufficiently staffed workforce;

•changes in accounting standards and corporate governance best practices;

•declines in the market prices of marketable securities and changes in interest rates and resulting pension and retiree welfare plan funding requirements and the effects on benefits costs for Entergy’s defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefits plans;

•future wage and employee benefits costs, including changes in discount rates and returns on benefit plan assets and fluctuating costs to provide employee and retiree health benefits;

•changes in decommissioning trust fund values or earnings or in the timing of, requirements for, or cost to decommission Entergy’s nuclear plant sites and the implementation of decommissioning of such sites following shutdown;

•the effectiveness of Entergy’s risk management policies and procedures and the ability and willingness of its counterparties, such as lending, hedging, credit support, and major customer counterparties, including counterparties to data center electric service agreements, to satisfy their financial and performance commitments;

•reductions in the demand for electricity to power large-scale data centers and other large customers and the potential for stranded assets;

•concentration of business and credit risk with a small number of customers in an industry based on emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence and machine learning; and

•Entergy and its subsidiaries’ ability to successfully execute on their business strategies, including their ability to complete strategic transactions that they may undertake, and their ability to meet the rapidly growing demand for electricity, including from large-scale data center and other large customers, and to manage the impacts of growth in demand for electricity on customers and Entergy’s business.

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DEFINITIONS

Certain abbreviations or acronyms used in the text and notes are defined below:

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DEFINITIONS (Continued)

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DEFINITIONS (Concluded)

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ENTERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Entergy operates primarily through a single reportable segment, Utility. The Utility segment includes the generation, transmission, distribution, and sale of electric power in portions of Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas, and Louisiana, including the City of New Orleans; and included operation of a small natural gas distribution business in portions of Louisiana through June 30, 2025. See “Dispositions - Natural Gas Distribution Businesses” in Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025. See Note 13 to the financial statements for discussion of and financial information regarding Entergy’s reportable segment.

Winter Storm Fern

In January 2026, portions of Entergy’s service territory experienced the effects of Winter Storm Fern, including prolonged freezing temperatures, heavy ice accumulation, and wind, which caused severe damage to Entergy’s infrastructure. Entergy’s preliminary estimate for the cost of mobilizing crews and restoring power is approximately $460 million to $560 million, primarily at Entergy Louisiana and Entergy Mississippi, with the majority of the costs being capital. There are well-established mechanisms and precedent for addressing these catastrophic events and providing the process for regulatory review of storm costs for prudence and for recovery of prudently incurred storm costs in accordance with applicable regulatory and legal principles.

The severe weather event also affected the market for natural gas due to the effects of severe cold on the gas supply system and increased demand for gas to support electricity loads. Natural gas purchases for January 2026 for Entergy were $483 million, including $74 million for Entergy Arkansas, $256 million for Entergy Louisiana, $85 million for Entergy Mississippi, $20 million for Entergy New Orleans, and $48 million for Entergy Texas. This compares to natural gas purchases for January 2025 for Entergy of $207 million, including $25 million for Entergy Arkansas, $115 million for Entergy Louisiana, $28 million for Entergy Mississippi, $4 million for Entergy New Orleans, and $35 million for Entergy Texas. With the potential effect of the higher natural gas costs on customers, the Utility operating companies plan to work with their retail regulators to recover these costs in a manner that mitigates the effects on customer bills.

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Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Results of Operations

2025 Compared to 2024

Following are income statement variances for Utility, Parent & Other, and Entergy comparing 2025 to 2024 showing how much the line item increased or (decreased) in comparison to the prior period.

(a)Parent & Other includes eliminations, which are primarily intersegment activity.

Results of operations for 2024 include: (1) a $320 million ($253 million net-of-tax) settlement charge, reflected in Parent & Other above, recognized as a result of a group annuity contract purchased in 2024 to settle certain pension liabilities; (2) expenses of $151 million ($112 million net-of-tax), recorded at Utility in second quarter 2024, primarily consisting of regulatory charges to reflect the effects of an agreement in principle between Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff and the intervenors in July 2024 to renew Entergy Louisiana’s formula rate plan and resolve a number of other retail dockets and matters, including all formula rate plan test years prior to 2023; (3) a $132 million ($97 million net-of-tax) charge, recorded at Utility, to reflect the write-off of a previously recorded regulatory asset as a result of an adverse decision in the Entergy Arkansas opportunity sales proceeding in March 2024; and (4) a $78 million ($57 million net-of-tax) regulatory charge, recorded at Utility in first quarter 2024, primarily to reflect a settlement in principle between Entergy New Orleans and the City Council in April 2024 for additional sharing with customers of income tax benefits from the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit.

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Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Operating Revenues

Utility

Following is an analysis of the change in operating revenues comparing 2025 to 2024:

The Utility operating companies’ results include revenues from rate mechanisms designed to recover fuel, purchased power, and other costs such that the revenues and expenses associated with these items generally offset and do not affect net income. “Fuel, rider, and other revenues that do not significantly affect net income” includes the revenue variance associated with these items.

The retail electric price variance is primarily due to:

•an increase in Entergy Arkansas’s formula rate plan rates effective January 2025;

•a decrease in Entergy Louisiana’s formula rate plan revenues for a two month period beginning in September 2025, resulting from earnings above the authorized return on common equity for the 2024 test year, partially offset by increases in Entergy Louisiana’s formula rate plan revenues, including an increase in the distribution recovery mechanism, effective September 2024;

•increases in Entergy Mississippi’s formula rate plan rates effective April 2024 and July 2024 and an increase in Entergy Mississippi’s formula rate plan rates resulting from an increase in interim facilities rate adjustment revenues effective January 2025; and

•the implementation of the distribution cost recovery factor rider effective with the first billing cycle in October 2024 and increases in the distribution cost recovery factor rider effective in December 2024 and June 2025, each at Entergy Texas.

See Note 2 to the financial statements for further discussion of the regulatory proceedings discussed above.

There is no effect on net income because Entergy previously recorded a regulatory liability at the time of the global black box settlement reached between System Energy and the MPSC in June 2022. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion

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of the System Energy settlements with the APSC and the MPSC and discussion of Entergy Arkansas’s Grand Gulf credit rider.

The return on construction work in progress for certain utility plant investments variance represents the revenue related to the amortization of certain customer advances designed to provide a return on investment in construction work in progress for certain utility plant investments, which is recognized as the related costs are incurred.

The effect of sale of natural gas distribution businesses variance represents the decrease in operating revenues resulting from the absence of natural gas revenues at Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans following the sale of the Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025. See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of the Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025.

Total electric energy sales for Utility for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

See Note 19 to the financial statements for additional discussion of operating revenues.

Other Income Statement Items

Utility

Purchased power includes an increase in 2025 of $34 million in costs, at Entergy Texas, related to the procurement of capacity through MISO’s annual planning resource auction, including the effect of a significant increase in MISO’s seasonal auction clearing price, due in part to the implementation of a reliability-based demand curve, for capacity transactions during the summer months. Although Entergy Texas does not have the ability to recover its MISO capacity costs incurred to date beyond the level included in base rates, in June 2025, Texas legislation established a capacity cost recovery rider mechanism that would allow for the recovery of costs related to the procurement of capacity through MISO’s annual planning resource auction outside of base rates, through a rider that is updated annually. Entergy Texas plans in second quarter 2026 to file for such a rider to recover future capacity procurement costs.

Other operation and maintenance expenses increased from $2,851 million for 2024 to $3,013 million for 2025 primarily due to:

•an increase of $76 million in power delivery expenses primarily due to higher vegetation maintenance costs;

•an increase of $33 million in loss provisions;

•an increase of $31 million in bad debt expense;

•an increase of $29 million in non-nuclear generation expenses primarily due to a higher scope of work performed during plant outages in 2025 as compared to 2024;

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Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

•an increase of $12 million in transmission costs allocated by MISO. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the recovery of these costs;

•the expensing of $11 million at Entergy Louisiana of project costs associated with the Bayou Power Station project following Entergy Louisiana’s election in third quarter 2025 to cancel the project and evaluate an alternative transmission solution. See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Liquidity and Capital Resources” below for discussion of Entergy Louisiana’s Bayou Power Station project; and

•several individually insignificant items.

The increase was partially offset by:

•contract costs of $47 million in 2024 related to operational performance, customer service, and organizational health initiatives;

•a $15 million gain resulting from the sale of the Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025, which included the derecognition of $7 million of goodwill attributed to the businesses sold; and

•a decrease of $11 million in gas operation expenses resulting from the absence of expenses following the sale of the Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025.

See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of the Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025.

Asset write-offs, impairments, and related charges (credits) includes:

•a $132 million charge, recorded in first quarter 2024 at Entergy Arkansas, to reflect the write-off of a previously recorded regulatory asset as a result of an adverse decision in the Entergy Arkansas opportunity sales proceeding in March 2024. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the Entergy Arkansas opportunity sales proceeding; and

•a $13 million charge, recorded in third quarter 2025 at Entergy New Orleans, to reflect the write-off of retained natural gas plant assets that were not included in the sale of Entergy New Orleans’s natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025, and which will not be recovered. See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of Entergy New Orleans’s natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025.

Taxes other than income taxes increased primarily due to increases in ad valorem taxes resulting from higher assessments and millage rate increases and increases in local franchise fees as a result of higher retail revenues in 2025 as compared to 2024.

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased primarily due to additions to plant in service and increases in nuclear depreciation rates at Entergy Louisiana effective September 2024 and September 2025 in accordance with the global stipulated settlement agreement approved by the LPSC in August 2024. The increase was partially offset by the recognition of $28 million in depreciation expense in 2024 at Entergy Texas for the 2022 base rate case relate back period, effective over six months beginning January 2024. The recognition of depreciation expense for the relate back period was effective over the same period as collections from the relate back surcharge rider and resulted in no effect on net income. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the 2022 base rate case at Entergy Texas.

Other regulatory charges (credits) - net includes:

•the reversal in third quarter 2024 of a $92 million regulatory liability recognized for Entergy Arkansas’s obligation to return to customers the refund from the System Energy settlement with the APSC. The

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reversal of the regulatory liability offsets a reduction in gross revenues from the retail one-time bill credits provided to customers in the August 2024 billing cycle through the Grand Gulf credit rider. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the System Energy settlement with the APSC and discussion of Entergy Arkansas’s Grand Gulf credit rider;

•a regulatory credit of $16 million, recorded by Entergy Arkansas in fourth quarter 2024, to reflect the amount of the 2023 historical year netting adjustment to be collected from its customers during the 2025 rate effective period as included in the 2024 formula rate plan filing. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the Entergy Arkansas 2024 formula rate plan filing;

•a regulatory credit of $28 million, recorded by Entergy Arkansas in fourth quarter 2025, to reflect the amount of the 2024 historical year netting adjustment to be collected from its customers during the 2026 rate effective period as included in the 2025 formula rate plan filing. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the Entergy Arkansas 2025 formula rate plan filing;

•regulatory charges of $150 million, recorded by Entergy Louisiana in second quarter 2024, to reflect the effects of an agreement in principle between Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff and the intervenors in July 2024 to renew Entergy Louisiana’s formula rate plan and resolve a number of other retail dockets and matters, including all formula rate plan test years prior to 2023. The customer rate credits agreed to in the global stipulated settlement began in September 2024. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the Entergy Louisiana agreement in principle and the subsequently filed global stipulated settlement agreement; and

•a regulatory charge of $78 million, recorded by Entergy New Orleans in first quarter 2024, primarily to reflect a settlement in principle between Entergy New Orleans and the City Council in April 2024 for additional sharing with customers of income tax benefits from the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit. See Note 3 to the financial statements for discussion of the April 2024 settlement in principle and discussion of the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit.

In addition, Entergy records a regulatory charge or credit for the difference between asset retirement obligation-related expenses and nuclear decommissioning trust earnings plus asset retirement obligation-related costs collected in revenue.

Other income (deductions) increased primarily due to:

•an increase of $65 million in the amortization of tax gross ups on customer advances, including customer advances for construction;

•an increase in the allowance for equity funds used during construction due to higher construction work in progress in 2025, including the Orange County Advanced Power Station project, the Legend Power Station project, and the Lone Star Power Station project, each at Entergy Texas;

•an increase of $22 million in interest earned on money pool investments; and

•a $17 million true-up of Entergy Louisiana’s MISO cost recovery mechanism over-recovery balance to the 2024 formula rate plan filing, which was filed with the LPSC in May 2025. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the 2024 formula rate plan filing.

The intercompany dividend income on the affiliated preferred membership interests is eliminated for consolidation purposes and has no effect on net income since the investment is in another Entergy subsidiary.

Interest expense increased primarily due to:

•the issuance by Entergy Arkansas of $400 million of 5.45% Series mortgage bonds in May 2024 and an additional $300 million in a reopening of the same series in May 2025;

•the issuance by Entergy Louisiana of $700 million of 5.15% Series mortgage bonds in August 2024;

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Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

•the issuance by Entergy Louisiana of $750 million of 5.80% Series mortgage bonds in January 2025;

•the issuance by Entergy Mississippi of $600 million of 5.80% Series mortgage bonds in March 2025;

•the issuance by Entergy Texas of $350 million of 5.55% Series mortgage bonds in August 2024;

•the issuance by Entergy Texas of $500 million of 5.25% Series mortgage bonds in February 2025;

•the issuance by System Energy of $300 million of 5.30% Series mortgage bonds in December 2024 and an additional $240 million in a reopening of the same series in May 2025; and

•an increase of $51 million in carrying costs on customer advances, including customer advances for construction.

The increase was partially offset by an increase in the allowance for borrowed funds used during construction due to higher construction work in progress in 2025, including the Orange County Advanced Power Station project, the Legend Power Station project, and the Lone Star Power Station project, each at Entergy Texas.

Other expenses decreased primarily due to decreased nuclear refueling outage expenses due to the amortization of lower costs associated with the most recent outages as compared to previous outages.

Parent and Other

Asset write-offs, impairments, and related charges (credits) includes the effects of recording a favorable final judgment of $20 million in fourth quarter 2024 to resolve claims in the Northstar Vermont Yankee, LLC (previously Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee) final round Vermont Yankee damages case against the DOE and the effects of recording a favorable final judgment of $7 million in fourth quarter 2024 to resolve claims in the Holtec Palisades, LLC (previously Entergy Nuclear Palisades) final round Palisades damages case against the DOE. See Note 8 to the financial statements for discussion of the spent nuclear fuel litigation.

Other income (deductions) increased primarily due to a $320 million ($253 million net-of-tax) non-cash settlement charge recognized as a result of a group annuity contract purchased in 2024 to settle certain pension liabilities.

Income Taxes

The effective income tax rates were 21.9% for 2025 and 26.4% for 2024. See Note 3 to the financial statements for a reconciliation of the federal statutory rate of 21% to the effective income tax rates and for additional discussion regarding income taxes.

2024 Compared to 2023

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Results of Operations” in Item 7 of Entergy’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2025, for discussion of results of operations for 2024 compared to 2023.

Income Tax Legislation and Regulation

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) was enacted. The OBBBA is a wide ranging update to U.S. tax and spending policy. In particular, the OBBBA modified and extended various clean energy tax incentives relevant to electric utilities, preserving production tax credits under Internal Revenue Code section 45U for existing nuclear facilities through 2032 and generally maintaining the existing phase-out schedule for new nuclear and battery storage under Internal Revenue Code sections 45Y (clean electricity production credit) or Internal Revenue Code section 48E (clean electricity investment credit). In addition, the OBBBA preserved the tax

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Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

credits for carbon capture and sequestration facilities that meet the requirements of Internal Revenue Code section 45Q. The OBBBA also retained full transferability of all credits and preserved five-year modified accelerated cost recovery system treatment for eligible Internal Revenue Code section 45Y and 48E assets.

In contrast, the OBBBA significantly shortened the time period for solar and wind facilities to claim clean energy tax incentives. In general, solar and wind facilities must be placed in service by December 31, 2027 to qualify for the tax credits, unless construction begins by July 3, 2026, and certain safe harbor requirements are met.

In addition, the OBBBA adopted new foreign entity of concern (FEOC) rules designed to deny clean energy tax incentives to all clean energy projects beginning construction after December 31, 2025 that use equipment beyond statutory guidelines from prohibited foreign entities (entities with ties to China, Russia, Iran, or North Korea). The FEOC rules also deny these incentives to taxpayers that rely beyond certain thresholds on equity or debt held by or sold to specified foreign entities or that make payments to specified foreign entity counterparties under contracts or licensing agreements that give such counterparties “effective control” over an eligible project. These taxpayer FEOC rules will apply to taxpayers in their first taxable year following enactment of the OBBBA.

On July 7, 2025, an executive order was issued directing the U.S. Treasury to issue, among other things, new safe harbor guidance, particularly with respect to wind and solar facilities. On August 15, 2025, in response to the executive order, the U.S. Treasury released Notice 2025-42, which provides updated guidance regarding the beginning of construction requirements and termination of the wind and solar energy tax credits under sections 45Y and 48E. Notice 2025-42 provides additional guidance on these safe harbor provisions, clarifying the criteria for beginning construction and offering examples of equipment and contractual terms that will qualify a project for safe harbor treatment under the OBBBA. Notice 2025-42 states that the U.S. Treasury and the IRS are currently drafting additional guidance to address the FEOC rules.

The changes in law and federal energy policy reflected in the OBBBA could have a material effect on Entergy’s current and future resource planning, including particularly solar and wind resources, and on its results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition. Entergy may not be able to realize the anticipated benefits of federal tax credits for certain of its planned solar and battery facilities to the extent that these projects do not meet the safe harbor requirements set forth in the OBBBA. In addition, as the policy changes reflected in the OBBBA and anticipated related guidance disfavor certain renewable resource development as compared to prior law, Entergy may not be successful in achieving current or future carbon emission goals. Provisions of the OBBBA may also affect customer decisions relating to major new projects in Entergy’s service area, to the extent that project economics or the achievement of customer sustainability objectives are affected by the changes in the OBBBA.

Additionally, the IRA enacted a 1% excise tax on the buyback of public company stock and a new corporate alternative minimum tax (CAMT). Effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022, the CAMT imposes a 15% tax on the Adjusted Financial Statement Income (AFSI) on each corporation in a group of corporations that averages greater than $1 billion in AFSI over a three-year period. Taxpayers subject to the CAMT regime must pay the greater of 15% of AFSI or their regular federal tax liability. In September 2024 the IRS issued proposed regulations regarding the application of the CAMT. Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries are closely monitoring any potential impact associated with the expansion of federal tax incentives, the 1% excise tax, and CAMT. The U.S. Treasury is expected to issue further guidance that will clarify how the tax credit provisions and CAMT provisions will be interpreted and applied. This guidance will determine the amount of tax credits and incremental cash tax payments Entergy expects in the future as a result of the legislation. Prior to receiving this guidance, Entergy cannot adequately assess the expected future effects on its results of operations, financial position, and cash flows. Entergy is not able to predict the effects of any change to or repeal of the above tax legislation, including any

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federal tax incentives or tax credits, on its or the Registrant Subsidiaries’ results of operations, financial position, and cash flows.

In April 2023 the IRS issued Revenue Procedure 2023-15, which provides a safe harbor method of accounting that taxpayers may use to determine whether expenses to repair, maintain, replace, or improve natural gas transmission and distribution property must be capitalized and provides procedures for taxpayers to obtain automatic consent to change their method of accounting. Entergy adopted this new method of income tax accounting beginning with the 2023 federal income tax return utilizing the safe harbor method in accordance with Revenue Procedure 2023-15. The additional temporary deductions taken using the new method resulted in the recognition of deferred tax liabilities of $14.2 million for Entergy, $7.6 million for Entergy Louisiana, and $6.6 million for Entergy New Orleans in 2024.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

This section discusses Entergy’s capital structure, capital spending plans and other uses of capital, sources of capital, and the cash flow activity presented in the cash flow statement.

Recent announcements of changes to international trade policy and tariffs and further similar changes may impact Entergy’s business, operations, results of operations, and liquidity and capital resources. Potential impacts may include increases in costs associated with Entergy’s capital investments or operation and maintenance expenses; operational impacts, such as supply chain, manufacturing, cost and availability of qualified, skilled labor, or raw materials sourcing disruptions which may affect Entergy’s ability to make planned capital investments as and when expected and needed; legal uncertainties, such as potential legal or other challenges to presidential tariff authority; or broader economic risks, including changes to domestic monetary policy, shifting customer demand, impacts on customer investment decisions, and volatile or uncertain credit and capital markets, which may affect Entergy’s ability to access needed capital.

The Registrant Subsidiaries have incurred incremental cost increases due to certain tariff-exposed inputs, including select equipment, components, or underlying raw materials. As of the date of this Form 10-K, such increases have not had a material effect on such Registrant Subsidiaries' capital spending plans. Entergy is not able to predict any further effects of such tariffs or the effects of potential changes in regulation and law, changes to governmental programs, such as loans, grants, guarantees, and other subsidies, and trade-related governmental actions, such as tariffs and other measures, on such capital spending plans.

Capital Structure

Entergy’s debt to capital ratio is shown in the following table.

(a)Calculation excludes the Texas securitization bonds, which are non-recourse to Entergy Texas.

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As of December 31, 2025, 20.4% of the debt outstanding is at the parent company, Entergy Corporation, and 79.6% is at the Utility segment. Debt consists of notes payable and commercial paper, finance lease obligations, and long-term debt, including the currently maturing portion. Capital consists of debt, equity, and subsidiaries’ preferred stock without sinking fund. Net capital consists of capital less cash and cash equivalents. The debt to capital ratio excluding securitization bonds and net debt to net capital ratio excluding securitization bonds are non-GAAP measures. Entergy uses the debt to capital ratios excluding securitization bonds in analyzing its financial condition and believes they provide useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating Entergy’s financial condition because the securitization bonds are non-recourse to Entergy, as more fully described in Note 5 to the financial statements. Entergy also uses the net debt to net capital ratio excluding securitization bonds in analyzing its financial condition and believes it provides useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating Entergy’s financial condition because net debt indicates Entergy’s outstanding debt position that could not be readily satisfied by cash and cash equivalents on hand.

The Utility operating companies and System Energy seek to optimize their capital structures in accordance with regulatory requirements and to control their cost of capital while also maintaining equity capitalization at a level consistent with investment-grade debt ratings. To the extent that their operating cash flows are in excess of planned investments, cash may be used to reduce outstanding debt or may be paid as a dividend to their parent, to the extent funds are legally available to do so, or both, in appropriate amounts to maintain the capital structure. To the extent that their operating cash flows are insufficient to support planned investments, the Utility operating companies and System Energy may issue incremental debt or reduce dividends, or both, to maintain their capital structures. In addition, Entergy may make equity contributions to the Utility operating companies and System Energy to maintain their capital structures in certain circumstances such as financing of large transactions or payments that would materially alter the capital structure if financed entirely with debt and reduced dividends.

Long-term debt, including the currently maturing portion, makes up most of Entergy’s total debt outstanding.

See Note 5 to the financial statements for further details of long-term debt.

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Entergy Corporation has in place a credit facility that has a borrowing capacity of $3 billion and expires in June 2030. The facility includes fronting commitments for the issuance of letters of credit against $20 million of the total borrowing capacity of the credit facility. The commitment fee is currently 0.225% of the undrawn commitment amount. Commitment fees and interest rates on loans under the credit facility can fluctuate depending on the senior unsecured debt ratings of Entergy Corporation. Although there were no borrowings under the facility for the year ended December 31, 2025, the estimated interest rate for the year ended December 31, 2025 that would have been applied to outstanding borrowings under the facility was 5.32%. The following is a summary of the amounts outstanding and capacity available under the credit facility as of December 31, 2025:

Entergy Corporation’s credit facility includes a covenant requiring Entergy to maintain a consolidated debt ratio, as defined, of 65% or less of its total capitalization. The calculation of this debt ratio under Entergy Corporation’s credit facility is different than the calculation of the debt to capital ratio above. Entergy is currently in compliance with the covenant and expects to remain in compliance with this covenant. If Entergy fails to meet this ratio, or if Entergy Corporation or one of the Registrant Subsidiaries (except Entergy New Orleans and System Energy) defaults on other indebtedness or is in bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, an acceleration of the Entergy Corporation credit facility’s maturity date may occur.

Entergy Corporation has a commercial paper program with a Board-approved program limit of $2 billion. The weighted-average interest rate for the year ended December 31, 2025 was 4.58%.

Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Texas each had credit facilities available as of December 31, 2025 as follows:

(a)The interest rate is the estimated interest rate as of December 31, 2025 that would have been applied to outstanding borrowings under the facility.

(b)Borrowings under this Entergy Arkansas credit facility may be secured by a security interest in its accounts receivable at Entergy Arkansas’s option.

(c)The credit facility includes fronting commitments for the issuance of letters of credit against a portion of the borrowing capacity of the facility as follows: $5 million for Entergy Arkansas; $15 million for Entergy Louisiana; $5 million for Entergy Mississippi; $10 million for Entergy New Orleans; and $25 million for Entergy Texas.

Each of the credit facilities requires the Registrant Subsidiary borrower to maintain a debt ratio, as defined, of 65% or less of its total capitalization. Each Registrant Subsidiary is in compliance with this covenant.

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In addition, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Texas each has one or more uncommitted standby letter of credit facilities as a means to post collateral to support their obligations to MISO and for other purposes. The following is a summary of the uncommitted standby letter of credit facilities as of December 31, 2025:

(a)As of December 31, 2025, letters of credit posted with MISO covered financial transmission rights exposure of $0.1 million for Entergy Arkansas, $0.8 million for Entergy Louisiana, $0.8 million for Entergy Mississippi, and $0.1 million for Entergy Texas. See Note 15 to the financial statements for discussion of financial transmission rights.

(b)As of December 31, 2025, the letters of credit issued for Entergy Mississippi under this facility include $43.1 million in MISO letters of credit and $1.3 million in non-MISO letters of credit outstanding.

Finance lease obligations are a minimal part of Entergy’s overall capital structure. Following are Entergy’s payment obligations under those leases.

Finance leases are discussed in Note 10 to the financial statements.

Operating Lease Obligations and Guarantees of Unconsolidated Obligations

Entergy has a minimal amount of operating lease obligations and guarantees in support of unconsolidated obligations. Entergy’s guarantees in support of unconsolidated obligations are not likely to have a material effect on Entergy’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Following are Entergy’s payment obligations as of December 31, 2025 on non-cancelable operating leases with a term over one year:

Operating leases are discussed in Note 10 to the financial statements.

Other Obligations

Entergy currently expects to contribute approximately $200 million to its qualified pension plans and approximately $40.9 million to its other postretirement plans in 2026, although the 2026 required pension contributions will be known with more certainty when the January 1, 2026 valuations are completed, which is

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expected by April 1, 2026. See “Critical Accounting Estimates - Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits” below and Note 11 to the financial statements for a discussion of qualified pension and other postretirement benefits funding.

See Note 3 to the financial statements for additional information regarding unrecognized tax benefits.

See below for discussion of the Entergy Texas build-to-suit lease arrangement for the Legend Power Station.

In addition, the Registrant Subsidiaries enter into fuel and purchased power agreements that contain minimum purchase obligations. The Registrant Subsidiaries each have rate mechanisms in place to recover fuel, purchased power, and associated costs incurred under these purchase obligations.

Capital Expenditure Plans and Other Uses of Capital

Following are the amounts of Entergy’s planned construction and other capital investments for 2026 through 2029.

Planned construction and capital investments refer to amounts Entergy plans to spend on routine capital projects that are necessary to support reliability of its service, equipment, or systems and to support normal customer growth. In addition to routine capital projects, they also refer to amounts Entergy plans to spend on non-routine capital investments for which Entergy is either contractually obligated, has Board approval, or otherwise expects to make to satisfy regulatory or legal requirements. Amounts include the following types of construction and capital investments:

•investments in generation projects to modernize, decarbonize, expand, and diversify the Utility operating companies’ portfolios, as well as to support customer growth, including Ironwood Power Station (formerly Lake Catherine Unit 5), Jefferson Power Station, Arkansas Cypress Solar, Segno Solar, Votaw Solar, Bogalusa West Solar, Cypress Harvest Solar, Franklin Farms Power Station Units 1 and 2, Waterford 5 Power Station, Cottonwood Power Station, Westlake Power Station, Delta Blues Advanced Power Station, Delta Solar, Penton Solar, Traceview Advanced Power Station, Vicksburg Advanced Power Station, Orange County Advanced Power Station, Lone Star Power Station, Legend Power Station, and potential construction of additional generation;

•investments in the Utility nuclear fleet;

•transmission spending to improve reliability and resilience while also supporting renewables expansion and customer growth; and

•distribution and Utility support spending to improve reliability, resilience, and customer experience through projects focused on asset renewals and enhancements and grid stability.

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The Utility’s owned and contracted generating capacity is planned on a long-term basis with an aim to enable the Utility operating companies to meet MISO target reserve requirements; however, MISO has implemented changes to its resource adequacy construct that generally move from an annual to a seasonal design and that changes the way that resources are assigned capacity credit. MISO has also recently obtained FERC approval to implement additional changes that further affect the assignment of capacity credit to resources. MISO continues to pursue market design changes related to its resource adequacy construct. The FERC recently approved a reliability-based demand curve that, along with a tighter balance of supply and demand, has had the effect of increasing the clearing prices in the MISO planning resource auction. Entergy is monitoring the evolution and application of these rules, which may require the Utility operating companies to procure additional capacity credits from the MISO market and in the longer-term may impact the incremental additional supply resources needed. The Utility’s supply plan initiative will continue to seek to transform its generation portfolio with new generation resources. Opportunities resulting from the supply plan initiative, including new projects or the exploration of alternative financing sources, could result in increases or decreases in the capital expenditure estimates given above. Entergy is not able to predict the effect of potential changes in regulation and law, changes to governmental programs, such as loans, grants, guarantees, and other subsidies, and trade-related governmental actions, such as tariffs and other measures, on its current and planned capital projects.

Renewables

Entergy Arkansas Special Rate Contract and Arkansas Cypress Solar

In September 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed an application with the APSC seeking approval of a long-term special rate contract between Altitude, LLC, a subsidiary of Alphabet, Inc. (Google) and Entergy Arkansas for the sale of electricity to a new large-scale data center in West Memphis, Arkansas. In October 2025 the APSC general staff filed testimony finding that based on its evaluation of Entergy Arkansas’s application and the results of the ratepayer impact measure test, the special rate contract meets the requirements of the APSC’s promotional practice rules and is in the public interest. No other parties filed testimony. In December 2025 the APSC issued an order approving the special rate contract but denying the requested ratemaking treatment of Google’s upfront payments and deferring a decision on the treatment under the contract pricing providing for the deferral and amortization of the investment tax credits from the Arkansas Cypress Solar facility (discussed below). Also in December 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed a petition with the APSC regarding these findings, noting that they would require renegotiation of the special rate contract. In January 2026 the APSC issued an order maintaining its position on the ratemaking treatment of Google’s upfront payments but reversing itself on the treatment of the Arkansas Cypress Solar facility investment tax credits and allowing those to be used in the pricing of the Arkansas Cypress Solar facility to Google as provided for in the contract.

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support of its long-term special rate contract with Google. In October 2025 the APSC general staff and the Arkansas Attorney General filed responsive testimony opposing the project cost and seeking additional information. Subsequently, the APSC general staff submitted supplemental testimony to update its initial conclusion and recommendations, noting that the Arkansas Cypress Solar facility is a reasonable project and recommending the APSC approve the project under certain conditions. Entergy Arkansas proposes to recover the costs of constructing the Arkansas Cypress Solar facility through the Generating Arkansas Jobs Act rider. A hearing was held in December 2025, and an APSC decision is due in March 2026. Subject to receipt of required regulatory approval and other conditions, the facility is expected to be in service by the end of 2028. See “Retail Rate Proceedings – Filings with the APSC (Entergy Arkansas) – Retail Rates - Generating Arkansas Jobs Act Rider” in Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the Generating Jobs Act rider, which was approved by the APSC in October 2025.

Bogalusa West Solar

In July 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed an application seeking LPSC approval and certification of the Bogalusa West Solar facility, a 200 MW single axis tracking solar photovoltaic power facility in Washington Parish, Louisiana. In October 2025 the LPSC voted to grant Entergy Louisiana’s application and approve the Bogalusa West Solar facility. The facility is expected to be in service by 2028.

Cypress Harvest Solar

In February 2026, Entergy Louisiana filed an application seeking LPSC approval and certification for the Cypress Harvest Solar facility, a 200 MW solar facility to be located in Iberville Parish. Entergy Louisiana requested that the LPSC consider the request at its April 2026 meeting.

Delta Solar

In December 2024 the Bolivar County Board of Supervisors approved Entergy Mississippi’s plans to construct, own, and operate the Delta Solar facility, an 80 MW solar facility to be located in Bolivar County, Mississippi. The Delta Solar facility is estimated to cost $157.2 million, inclusive of estimated transmission interconnection costs. Construction of the Delta Solar facility qualifies for pre-certification under Mississippi legislation providing for the pre-certification of construction of certain types of facilities that directly or indirectly provide electric service to customers who own certain data processing center projects as specified in the legislation. The project costs will be reviewed for prudence by the MPSC following the completion of construction. Construction is in progress, and the Delta Solar facility is expected to be in service by the end of 2027.

Penton Solar

In May 2025 the DeSoto County Board of Supervisors approved Entergy Mississippi’s plans to construct, own, and operate the Penton Solar facility, a 190 MW solar facility to be located in DeSoto County, Mississippi. The Penton Solar facility is estimated to cost $327.2 million, inclusive of estimated transmission interconnection and upgrade costs. Construction of the Penton Solar facility qualifies for pre-certification under Mississippi legislation providing for the pre-certification of construction of certain types of facilities that directly or indirectly provide electric service to customers who own certain data processing center projects as specified in the legislation. The project costs will be reviewed for prudence by the MPSC following the completion of construction. Construction is in progress, and the Penton Solar facility is expected to be in service by early 2028.

Segno Solar and Votaw Solar

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Hardin County, Texas. In August 2025, Entergy Texas filed, and the ALJs with the State Office of Administrative Hearings granted, an unopposed motion to withdraw the application. In September 2025, Entergy Texas and Entergy Louisiana entered into assignment and assumption agreements pursuant to which Entergy Texas assigned, and Entergy Louisiana assumed, certain interests in the Segno Solar and Votaw Solar facilities, and the associated assets were transferred in third quarter 2025 from Entergy Texas to Entergy Louisiana for approximately $42.1 million, which included adjustments per the assignment and assumption agreements.

In December 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC seeking approval and certification to construct the Segno Solar facility and Votaw Solar facility. The application asks that the LPSC approve, subject to certain ongoing discussions, allocation of the two facilities to a designated renewable resources subscription to Entergy Louisiana’s Rider Geaux Zero, and further asserts that the two solar resources fall below certain breakeven parameters established in connection with the LPSC’s order allowing Entergy Louisiana to procure up to 3 GW of solar resources, thus supporting that the resources should be certified as being in the public interest. The application requests consideration by the LPSC at or before its August 2026 meeting. A procedural schedule has been set with a hearing scheduled for July 2026. The Segno Solar facility and the Votaw Solar facility are expected to be in service by 2029.

Other Generation and Transmission

Ironwood Power Station

In November 2024, Entergy Arkansas filed an application with the APSC seeking a certificate of environmental compatibility and public need for the construction and operation of Ironwood Power Station (formerly Lake Catherine Unit 5), a 446 MW simple cycle natural gas combustion turbine facility to be located at the existing Lake Catherine facility site in Hot Spring County, Arkansas. The facility will primarily be powered by natural gas, and it will also be enabled for future carbon capture and storage and for hydrogen co-firing optionality. In December 2024 other parties, including the APSC general staff, filed testimony opposing the resource, although the APSC general staff recognized the capacity need for the resource. Entergy Arkansas filed testimony in January 2025 further supporting its application, and in February 2025 the opposing parties filed responsive rebuttal testimony continuing to dispute the estimated costs and to dispute that Entergy Arkansas performed a market solicitation sufficient to demonstrate that this resource is the most reasonable option for customers. Also in February 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed surrebuttal testimony responding to the opposing parties’ testimony. A hearing was held in March 2025, and in April 2025 the APSC issued an order approving certification of the facility. The order also provided a presumption of prudence finding with respect to a benchmark project cost. In May 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed a motion for clarification concerning the appropriate calculation of the benchmark that was below the estimated cost of Ironwood Power Station and was based upon older technology and dated pricing. Entergy Arkansas will have the opportunity to present later all actual costs to the APSC for review and a prudence determination of final costs, including costs incremental to the benchmark. In June 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed its independent monitor proposal with the APSC and is awaiting direction on the proposal and the motion for clarification. Entergy Arkansas proposes to recover the costs of constructing Ironwood Power Station through the Generating Arkansas Jobs Act rider. The facility is expected to be in service by the end of 2028. See “Retail Rate Proceedings – Filings with the APSC (Entergy Arkansas) – Retail Rates - Generating Arkansas Jobs Act Rider” in Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the Generating Jobs Act rider, which was approved by the APSC in October 2025.

Jefferson Power Station

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million. In September 2025 other parties, including the APSC general staff, filed testimony opposing the resource pending further information, although the APSC general staff recognized the capacity need for the resource and that Entergy Arkansas had satisfied the statutory requirements for a certificate of environmental compatibility and public need. Much of the opposition focused on the fact that the resource was not identified through a competitive solicitation. Entergy Arkansas filed testimony further supporting its application in September and October 2025. A hearing was held in October 2025 and November 2025. In January 2026 the APSC issued its order finding that Entergy Arkansas had demonstrated a need for the resource but had not met its burden with respect to supporting the prudence of the costs to construct the resource. The APSC acknowledged that the costs would be greater if Entergy Arkansas waited to pursue the resource. The APSC authorized Entergy Arkansas to proceed with Jefferson Power Station as a strategic investment with estimated costs set at a benchmark, which the APSC erroneously believed reflected the current cost estimate but is, in fact, $90 million below the cost presented. Entergy Arkansas is evaluating whether to make a request for rehearing to correct the benchmark. Additionally, the APSC found that Entergy Arkansas should conduct all-source competitive solicitations moving forward with a limited exception for certain resources associated with customer growth projects. Entergy Arkansas proposes to recover the costs of constructing Jefferson Power Station through the Generating Arkansas Jobs Act rider. Subject to receipt of required regulatory approval and other conditions, the facility is expected to be in service by the end of 2029. See “Retail Rate Proceedings – Filings with the APSC (Entergy Arkansas) – Retail Rates - Generating Arkansas Jobs Act Rider” in Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the Generating Jobs Act rider, which was approved by the APSC in October 2025.

Bayou Power Station

In March 2024, Entergy Louisiana filed an application seeking LPSC approval and certification that the public convenience and necessity would be served by the construction of the Bayou Power Station, a 112 MW aggregated capacity floating natural gas power station with black-start capability in Leeville, Louisiana and an associated microgrid that would serve nearby areas, including Port Fourchon, Golden Meadow, Leeville, and Grand Isle. In its application, Entergy Louisiana noted that the estimated cost of the Bayou Power Station was $411 million, including estimated costs of transmission interconnection and other related costs. In October 2024, Entergy Louisiana filed a motion to suspend the procedural schedule in this proceeding in order to evaluate certain recent developments related to the project including potential changes to the estimated cost of the project. In October 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed with the LPSC a motion to dismiss its application without prejudice, noting that this project has been canceled and that Entergy Louisiana is evaluating an alternative transmission solution. In November 2025 the LPSC granted the motion and dismissed the application, without prejudice. In third quarter 2025, Entergy Louisiana expensed $10.8 million of project costs related to the Bayou Power Station project.

Entergy Louisiana Additional Generation and Transmission Resources

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to be $546 million. Entergy Louisiana anticipates funding the incremental cost to serve the customer through direct financial contributions from the customer and the revenues it expects to earn under the electric service agreement. A directive was issued at the LPSC’s November 2024 meeting for the matter to be decided by October 2025. In February 2025 intervenors filed a motion asking the LPSC to deny Entergy Louisiana’s requested exemption from the LPSC’s order addressing competitive solicitation procedures and further asking the LPSC to dismiss the application. The ALJ issued an order denying the motion to dismiss the application and deferring the LPSC’s consideration of the motion regarding the competitive solicitation procedures until the hearing. In March 2025 the same intervenors filed a motion requesting the LPSC to require the customer and its parent company to be joined as parties to the proceeding or dismiss the application. In April 2025 the ALJ issued an order denying the March 2025 motion, and the moving parties filed a motion asking the LPSC to review and reverse the ALJ’s decision.

In February 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed supplemental testimony with the LPSC stating that the third combined cycle combustion turbine resource presented in the October 2024 application (Waterford 5 Power Station) would be sited at Entergy Louisiana’s Waterford site in Killona, Louisiana, alongside existing Entergy Louisiana generation resources. The testimony also notes that Entergy Louisiana is negotiating with the customer in response to the customer’s request to increase the load associated with its project in north Louisiana. The testimony indicates further that the additional load can be served without additional generation capacity beyond what was presented in the October 2024 application, but that additional transmission facilities, which will be funded directly by the customer, are needed to serve this additional load.

In April 2025 and May 2025 the LPSC staff and certain intervenors each filed their direct testimony and cross-answering testimony, respectively. The LPSC staff’s testimony discussed the significant projected benefits associated with the data center project; however, both the LPSC staff and such intervenors also identified purported risks associated with constructing the requested resources based on the terms and conditions under which the customer would be taking service. Both the LPSC staff and such intervenors also recommended that the LPSC impose certain conditions on its approval which, if adopted, would support approval of Entergy Louisiana’s application. The LPSC staff’s recommendations included a condition that would require, under specified circumstances, certain sharing of net revenues from service to the project with Entergy Louisiana’s other customers. The LPSC staff also recommended that the LPSC deny approval of the corporate sustainability rider terms providing for the customer to supply funding toward the cost of installing carbon capture and storage infrastructure at Entergy Louisiana’s Lake Charles Power Station. The Louisiana Energy Users Group and other intervenors recommended that the LPSC require various changes to the terms of the electric service agreement with the customer that would shift additional risk and cost to the customer rather than Entergy Louisiana’s broader customer base. Certain intervenors also challenged approval on the basis that Entergy Louisiana did not conduct a request for proposals to procure the proposed generation resources to serve the customer’s project; these intervenors also advocated that Entergy Louisiana be required to procure more renewable generation and evaluate transmission alternatives rather than proceeding with development of all of the proposed new generation resources. In May 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed its rebuttal testimony responding to the direct and cross-answering testimony of the LPSC staff and intervenors. The rebuttal testimony expressed support for or no opposition to the LPSC’s adoption of certain of the proposed recommendations and identified why other proposed recommendations should not be adopted. In addition, the rebuttal testimony stated that the negotiations related to the increase in the load amount for the customer’s project had concluded and that a rider to the electric service agreement reflecting this increase had been executed. In advance of the July 2025 hearing, Entergy Louisiana reached a settlement agreement with the LPSC staff and three separate intervenors. Franklin Farms Power Station Units 1 and 2 are expected to be in service in 2028, and Waterford 5 Power Station is expected to be in service in 2029. In January 2026, several months after the LPSC order became final, certain intervenors filed a motion asking the LPSC to investigate the financing arrangements that the customer implemented for its data center project and to initiate a prudence review. The motion questions whether the credit protections for the customer’s obligations under the electric service agreement are adversely affected by the change in the customer’s financial structure and asks the LPSC to initiate a review of whether Entergy Louisiana withheld

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relevant information from the LPSC at the time of the LPSC’s order. Entergy Louisiana filed its opposition to the motion in February 2026.

Amite South Transmission Projects

In March 2024, Entergy Louisiana filed an application seeking an exemption determination, or alternatively, a certificate of public convenience and necessity, for a transmission project that includes a new 500 kV/230 kV Commodore substation and an approximately 60-mile 230 kV line connecting the new Commodore substation to the Waterford substation. The project, which was approved by MISO in the 2023 MISO Transmission Expansion Plan, also includes certain common elements with, and right-of-way acquisition for, a future transmission project in the same area consisting of 500 kV elements. The estimated cost of the project is $498.8 million. In February 2025, Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff jointly filed, for consideration by the LPSC, an uncontested stipulated settlement agreement resolving all issues in the proceeding. In the motion requesting approval of the uncontested stipulated settlement agreement, the parties requested a settlement hearing in March 2025. The LPSC approved the uncontested stipulated settlement agreement in March 2025 and thereby granted certification of the project.

In December 2024, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC seeking a certificate of public convenience and necessity for a 500 kV transmission project that includes the construction of a new 84-mile Commodore to Churchill 500 kV transmission line, the expansion of the Waterford 500 kV substation, the construction of a new Churchill 500 kV substation and improvements to the Churchill 230 kV substation, and the conversion of the existing 230 kV Waterford to Churchill transmission line to 500 kV, forming a 500 kV loop into the Downstream of Gypsy load pocket. The project, which was approved by MISO in the 2023 MISO Transmission Expansion Plan, shares common elements with a future transmission project in the same area consisting of 230 kV elements. The estimated cost of the project is $954.7 million. In April 2025 the LPSC staff and the Louisiana Energy Users Group, an intervenor, filed direct testimony. The LPSC staff’s testimony recommends LPSC approval of the project. A hearing was held in August 2025. In November 2025 the presiding ALJ issued a proposed recommendation granting the application and the requested certification. The Louisiana Energy Users Group filed exceptions to the proposed recommendation, and the LPSC staff and Entergy Louisiana filed responses in opposition to those exceptions. In December 2025 the LPSC issued an order adopting the final recommendation granting the application and the requested certification.

Cottonwood Power Station

In December 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed an application seeking LPSC approval and a certificate of convenience and necessity to acquire the Cottonwood combined cycle combustion turbine facility, a 1,263 MW combined cycle facility in Deweyville, Texas that was originally placed in commercial service in 2003. The filing seeks findings from the LPSC that the costs of the acquisition, including the approximately $1.5 billion purchase price and $309.3 million in capital upgrades and maintenance items needed to bring Cottonwood into alignment with Entergy Louisiana’s fleet standards with respect to operations and safety, are eligible for recovery in customer rates. The application requests an LPSC decision by October 2026. A procedural schedule has been set with a hearing scheduled for September 2026. The acquisition is currently targeted to occur in January 2027.

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Babel - Webre 500 kV Transmission Project

In December 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC seeking a certificate of public convenience and necessity for a 500 kV transmission project that includes the construction of a new 147-mile Babel to Webre 500 kV transmission line, the reconstruction of the Webre 500 kV switching station in Louisiana, and coordination with Entergy Texas of the construction of an approximately 4-mile 500 kV transmission line in Texas. The project was approved by MISO in the 2025 MISO Transmission Expansion Plan and has an estimated cost of $1,238 million and an estimated in-service date of August 2029. The application requests an LPSC decision by June 2026.

Waterford 6 Power Station and Westlake Power Station

In February 2026, Entergy Louisiana filed an application seeking LPSC approval and certification to construct two 754 MW combined cycle combustion turbine generators, the Waterford 6 Power Station and the Westlake Power Station, to be located at Entergy Louisiana’s existing Waterford site near Killona, Louisiana and existing Roy S. Nelson site in Westlake, Louisiana, respectively. In its application, Entergy Louisiana noted the estimated costs are approximately $2,027 million for the Waterford 6 Power Station and $2,091 million for the Westlake Power Station. Entergy Louisiana asked that the LPSC consider the requests in the application at or before its December 2026 meeting. The estimated in-service dates for the Waterford 6 Power Station and Westlake Power Station are July 2030 and October 2030, respectively.

Entergy Mississippi Additional Generation and Transmission Resources

In March 2024, Entergy Mississippi executed a large customer supply and service agreement to serve two data center campuses located in Madison County, Mississippi in which Amazon Web Services is investing. In February 2025, Entergy Mississippi also executed a large customer supply and service agreement to serve a data center campus located in Warren County, Mississippi in which Amazon Web Services is investing. Entergy Mississippi will need generation and transmission resources to reliably serve all Entergy Mississippi customers, including the data centers. The large customer supply and service agreements also contain provisions which cover Entergy Mississippi’s incremental investment costs in the event of early termination. Entergy Mississippi anticipates recovering the incremental cost to serve the customer through the revenues it is collecting under the large customer supply and service agreements.

In May 2024 the MPSC approved Entergy Mississippi’s revisions to its formula rate plan to comply with state legislation passed in January 2024 allowing Entergy Mississippi to make interim rate adjustments, including the collection of a return on construction work in progress on a cash basis, to recover the non-fuel related annual ownership cost of certain facilities that directly or indirectly provide service to customers who own certain data processing center projects as specified in the legislation.

Delta Blues Advanced Power Station

In September 2024, Entergy Mississippi announced plans to construct, own, and operate the Delta Blues Advanced Power Station, a 754 MW combined cycle combustion turbine facility, to be located in Washington County, Mississippi. The facility will primarily be powered by natural gas, and it will also be enabled for future carbon capture and storage and for hydrogen co-firing optionality. The Delta Blues Advanced Power Station is estimated to cost $1.2 billion. Construction of the Delta Blues Advanced Power Station qualifies for pre-certification under Mississippi legislation providing for the pre-certification of construction of certain types of facilities that directly or indirectly provide electric service to customers who own certain data processing center projects as specified in the legislation. Non-fuel revenue collected from the data center customer will be included in the formula rate plan to offset the facility’s revenue requirement. The project costs will be reviewed

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for prudence by the MPSC following the completion of construction. Construction is in progress, and the facility is expected to be in service by May 2028.

Traceview Advanced Power Station

Entergy Mississippi is constructing a 754 MW combined cycle combustion turbine facility located in the City of Ridgeland, Madison County, Mississippi. The facility will be powered primarily by natural gas, and it will also be enabled for future carbon capture and storage and for hydrogen co-firing optionality. The project is estimated to cost in excess of $1 billion. Construction of the Traceview Advanced Power Station qualifies for pre-certification under Mississippi legislation providing for the pre-certification of construction of certain types of facilities that directly or indirectly provide electric service to customers who own certain data processing center projects as specified in the legislation. As provided for in this legislation, Entergy Mississippi will begin recovery of certain costs of construction of the Traceview Advanced Power Station through the interim facilities rate adjustments provision of its formula rate plan rider. Non-fuel revenue collected from the data center customer will be included in the formula rate plan to offset the facility’s revenue requirement. The project costs will be reviewed for prudence by the MPSC following the completion of construction. The facility is expected to be in service in 2029.

Vicksburg Advanced Power Station

In October 2025, Entergy Mississippi announced plans to construct, own, and operate the Vicksburg Advanced Power Station, a 754 MW combined cycle combustion turbine facility, to be located in the City of Vicksburg, Warren County, Mississippi. The facility will be powered primarily by natural gas, and it will also be enabled for future carbon capture and storage and for hydrogen co-firing optionality. The Vicksburg Advanced Power Station is estimated to cost $1.2 billion. Construction of the Vicksburg Advanced Power Station qualifies for pre-certification under Mississippi legislation providing for the pre-certification of construction of certain types of facilities that directly or indirectly provide electric service to customers who own certain data processing center projects as specified in the legislation. Non-fuel revenue collected from the data center customer will be included in the formula rate plan to offset the facility’s revenue requirement. The project costs will be reviewed for prudence by the MPSC following the completion of construction. Construction is in progress, and the facility is expected to be in service in August 2028.

Orange County Advanced Power Station

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County Advanced Power Station subject to certain conditions, including a cap on cost recovery at $1.37 billion, the exclusion of investment associated with co-firing hydrogen, weatherization requirements, and customer receipt of any contractual benefits associated with the facility’s guaranteed heat rate. In October 2022 the parties in the proceeding filed exceptions and replies to exceptions to the proposal for decision. Also in October 2022, Entergy Texas filed with the PUCT information regarding a new fixed pricing option for an estimated project cost of approximately $1.55 billion associated with Entergy Texas’s issuance of limited notice to proceed by mid-November 2022. In November 2022 the PUCT issued a final order approving the requested amendment to Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate the Orange County Advanced Power Station without the investment associated with hydrogen co-firing capability, without a cap on cost recovery, and subject to certain conditions, including weatherization requirements and customer receipt of any contractual benefits associated with the facility’s guaranteed heat rate.

In December 2022, Texas Industrial Energy Consumers and Sierra Club filed motions for rehearing of the PUCT’s final order alleging the PUCT erred in granting the certification of the Orange County Advanced Power Station, in not imposing a cost cap, in including certain findings related to the reasonableness of Entergy Texas’s request for proposals from which the Orange County Advanced Power Station was selected, and in other regards. Also in December 2022, Entergy Texas filed a response to the motions for rehearing refuting the points raised therein. In January 2023 the PUCT issued letters noting that it voted to consider Texas Industrial Energy Consumers’ motion for rehearing at its upcoming January 2023 open meeting and voted not to consider Sierra Club’s motion for rehearing at an open meeting. At the January 2023 open meeting, the PUCT voted to grant Texas Industrial Energy Consumers’ motion for rehearing for the limited purpose of issuing an order on rehearing that excludes three findings related to Entergy Texas’s request for proposals. The order on rehearing does not change the PUCT’s certification of the Orange County Advanced Power Station or the conditions placed thereon in the PUCT’s November 2022 final order. Construction is in progress, and subject to receipt of required permits, the facility is expected to be in service by mid-2026.

Legend Power Station and Lone Star Power Station

In June 2024, Entergy Texas filed an application seeking PUCT approval to amend Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate the Legend Power Station, a 754 MW combined cycle combustion turbine facility, which will be enabled for future carbon capture and storage and for hydrogen co-firing optionality, to be located in Jefferson County, Texas, and the Lone Star Power Station, a 453 MW simple cycle combustion turbine facility, which will be enabled with hydrogen co-firing optionality, to be located in Liberty County, Texas. In its application, Entergy Texas noted that the Legend Power Station was expected to cost an estimated $1.46 billion and the Lone Star Power Station was expected to cost an estimated $735.3 million, in each case inclusive of the estimated costs of the generation facilities, interconnection costs, transmission network upgrades, and an allowance for funds used during construction. In July 2024 the PUCT referred the proceeding to the State Office of Administrative Hearings and, also in July 2024, the ALJ with the State Office of Administrative Hearings adopted a procedural schedule, with a hearing on the merits scheduled to begin in October 2024. In September 2024, Entergy Texas filed, and the ALJ with the State Office of Administrative Hearings granted, a motion to extend the procedural schedule in this proceeding in order to address certain developments relating to the cost and scope of the Legend Power Station and the Lone Star Power Station. In December 2024, Entergy Texas filed supplemental testimony and exhibits addressing the cost and scope developments associated with the Legend Power Station and the Lone Star Power Station in further support of its application. The cost and scope developments include cost estimate increases of $139 million for Legend Power Station and $63.7 million for Lone Star Power Station and the consideration of an alternate site for Lone Star Power Station, which would reduce the estimated cost increase of the Lone Star Power Station to $36.2 million. In March 2025, Entergy Texas filed testimony explaining that Entergy Texas planned to move forward with building the Lone Star Power Station on a more cost-effective alternative site in San Jacinto County, Texas. A hearing on the merits was held in April 2025. Also in April 2025, Entergy Texas, intervenors, and the PUCT staff filed initial briefs. In its initial brief, the PUCT staff recommended denial of Entergy Texas’s application or, in the alternative, approval subject to conditions that include a prudence review by an external consultant if actual project costs exceed

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estimated costs by more than 10%, transmission cost reporting, and weatherization of both the Legend Power Station and the Lone Star Power Station. Certain intervenors requested that the PUCT impose various conditions upon the approval of the resources, including, among others, cost recovery limitations, a direction that Entergy Texas initiate a competitive tariff proceeding to facilitate industrial sleeving, a requirement for additional regulatory approvals related to hydrogen or carbon capture and storage implementation, limits on the recovery of supplemental filing costs, and calculation of AFUDC based on an adjusted weighted average cost of capital. Reply briefs were filed in May 2025. In June 2025 the ALJs with the State Office of Administrative Hearings issued a proposal for decision, in which they recommended rejection of Entergy Texas’s application to construct the Legend Power Station and the Lone Star Power Station based upon their finding that Entergy Texas did not demonstrate the resources to be cost-effective alternatives to address the uncontested need for additional generation. The ALJs’ proposal for decision was an interim step in the certification process and was not binding upon the PUCT. Entergy Texas filed exceptions in July 2025. In September 2025 the PUCT issued a decision granting the application, subject to conditions that include a cost cap at Entergy Texas’s previously-filed modified estimated costs of $1.6 billion for the Legend Power Station and $799 million for the Lone Star Power Station, weatherization requirements, environmental compliance requirements, and a requirement to request additional authorization prior to implementing hydrogen co-firing or carbon capture and storage. In October 2025 an intervenor filed a motion for rehearing requesting that the PUCT modify the Lone Star Power Station cost cap to reflect the estimated project costs associated with a new project site, clarify that the cost cap is inclusive of transmission upgrades, and reconsider the intervenor’s prior proposal for a “soft cost cap” below the estimated project costs, and that Entergy Texas be directed to initiate a competitive tariff proceeding to facilitate industrial sleeving of purchased power. Entergy Texas filed a response to the motion for rehearing in October 2025. In December 2025 the PUCT issued an order on rehearing modifying the Lone Star Power Station cost cap to $771.5 million to reflect the estimated project costs associated with a new project site and clarifying that the cost cap is inclusive of transmission upgrades, but denying the other relief requested in the motion for rehearing. Construction is underway, and subject to receipt of required permits and other conditions, both facilities are expected to be in service by mid-2028.

Southeast Texas Area Reliability Project (SETEX)

In February 2025, Entergy Texas filed an application seeking PUCT approval to amend Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate a new single-circuit 500 kV transmission line and associated stations and 138/230 kV facilities. The transmission line is expected to be approximately 131 to 160 miles in length and the estimated cost of the project ranges from $1.3 billion to $1.5 billion, depending upon the route ultimately approved by the PUCT. A hearing on the merits was held in May 2025. In July 2025 the ALJs with the State Office of Administrative Hearings issued a proposal for decision recommending the PUCT approve Entergy Texas’s application to construct SETEX and recommending the PUCT’s approval include selection of a specific route with an estimated cost of $1.4 billion. In October 2025 the PUCT issued a final order approving the requested amendment to Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate the new single-circuit 500 kV transmission line and associated stations and 138/230 kV facilities, and selecting the final route for the project, which has an estimated cost of $1.36 billion. In November 2025, multiple parties filed motions for rehearing primarily challenging the routing of the transmission line. In December 2025 the PUCT issued an order on rehearing reaffirming and providing additional support for its initial decision. Subject to receipt of required permits and other conditions, the facility is expected to be in service by the end of 2029.

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Cypress to Legend 500 kV Transmission Line

In May 2025, Entergy Texas filed an application seeking PUCT approval to amend Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate a new single-circuit 500 kV transmission line. The transmission line is expected to be approximately 40 to 49 miles in length and the estimated cost of the project ranges from $392.7 million to $436.2 million, depending on the route ultimately approved by the PUCT. In June 2025 the PUCT referred the proceeding to the State Office of Administrative Hearings and a hearing on the merits was held in August 2025. In October 2025 the ALJs with the State Office of Administrative Hearings issued a proposal for decision recommending the PUCT approve Entergy Texas’s application to construct the transmission line and recommending the PUCT’s approval include selection of a specific route with an estimated cost of $398.7 million. In December 2025 the PUCT issued a final order approving the requested amendment to Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate the new single-circuit 500 kV transmission line, and selecting the final route previously recommended. In February 2026, landowners not party to the PUCT proceeding filed in the 345th District Court of Travis County, Texas a petition for declaratory relief and temporary and permanent injunction against the PUCT’s final order. The petition, which names the PUCT, its commissioners, and Entergy Texas as defendants, challenges Entergy Texas’s notice, the application of the PUCT’s notice rule, and the PUCT order’s approval of a route the petitioner’s assert was not adequately noticed. Subject to receipt of required permits and other conditions, the facility is expected to be in service by the end of 2028.

Resilience and Grid Hardening

Entergy Louisiana

In December 2022, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC seeking a public interest finding regarding Phase I of Entergy Louisiana’s Future Ready resilience plan and approval of a rider mechanism to recover the program’s costs. In April 2024 the LPSC approved a framework which includes an initial five-year resilience plan providing for an investment of approximately $1.9 billion with cost recovery via a forward-looking rider with semi-annual true-ups. The plan is subject to specified reporting requirements and includes a performance review of the hardened assets. The LPSC order approving the framework does not include any restrictions on Entergy Louisiana’s ability to file applications for approval of additional investments in resilience.

The LPSC had previously opened a formal rulemaking proceeding in December 2021 to investigate efforts to improve resilience of electric utility infrastructure. In April 2023 the LPSC staff issued a draft rule in the rulemaking proceeding related to a requirement to file a grid resilience plan. The procedural schedule entered in the rulemaking proceeding contemplated adoption of a final rule in October 2023, but this did not occur, and a new date has not been set.

In December 2023, in those rulemakings, the LPSC staff issued a report and recommendation proposing to impose significant new reporting and compliance obligations related to jurisdictional utilities’ distribution and transmission operations, including new obligations related to grid hardening plans, pole inspections, pole replacement, vegetation management, storm restoration plans, new reliability metrics, software for handling customer complaints and complaint resolution, required use of drone technology, and new penalties and incentives for reliability performance and for compliance with the new obligations. In February 2024, Entergy Louisiana and other parties filed comments on the LPSC staff’s report. These rulemakings were formally closed in August 2025 without the adoption of any rules or obligations being promulgated by the LPSC.

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Entergy New Orleans

In October 2021 the City Council passed a resolution and order establishing a docket and procedural schedule with respect to system resiliency and storm hardening. In July 2022, Entergy New Orleans filed with the City Council a response identifying a preliminary plan for storm hardening and resiliency projects, including microgrids, to be implemented over ten years at an approximate cost of $1.5 billion. In April 2023, Entergy New Orleans filed the required application and supporting testimony seeking City Council approval of the first phase (five years and $559 million) of a ten-year infrastructure hardening plan totaling approximately $1 billion. In February 2024 the City Council approved a resolution authorizing Entergy New Orleans to implement a resilience project to be partially funded by $55 million of matching funding through the DOE’s Grid Resilience and Innovation Partnerships program. In March 2024, Entergy New Orleans filed with the City Council for approval the requested three-year resilience plan, which included $168 million in hardening projects. The three-year resilience plan was to be in addition to the previously authorized resilience project to be partially funded by the DOE’s Grid Resilience and Innovation Partnerships program. In October 2024 the City Council approved a resolution authorizing a two-year resilience plan totaling $100 million and approved the requested resilience and storm hardening cost recovery rider. Entergy New Orleans implemented the approved resilience and storm hardening cost recovery rider effective with the first billing cycle of January 2025. In December 2025, the City Council issued a resolution establishing certain metrics and reporting requirements for the approved hardening projects. Also in December 2025, Entergy New Orleans filed an application and supporting testimony seeking the City Council’s approval of the second phase of its infrastructure hardening plan totaling approximately $400 million over a five-year period (2027 to 2031). Entergy New Orleans requested the City Council approve the application by October 2026.

Entergy Texas

In June 2024, Entergy Texas filed an application with the PUCT requesting approval of Phase I of its Texas Future Ready Resiliency Plan, a set of measures to begin accelerating the resiliency of Entergy Texas’s transmission and distribution system. Phase I is comprised of projects totaling approximately $335.1 million, including approximately $137 million of projects to be funded by Entergy Texas and approximately $198 million of projects contingent upon Entergy Texas’s receipt of grant funds in that amount from the Texas Energy Fund. The projects in Phase I include distribution and transmission hardening and modernization projects and targeted vegetation management projects to mitigate the risk of wildfire. These projects are expected to be implemented within approximately three years of PUCT approval. In January 2025 the PUCT unanimously approved Phase I of Entergy Texas’s Texas Future Ready Resiliency Plan, including the approximately $137 million of projects to be funded by Entergy Texas and application of performance metrics consistent with the unopposed settlement. The PUCT clarified that, while not part of Entergy Texas’s Phase I plan, Entergy Texas is permitted to pursue the remaining $198 million of identified projects and Texas Energy Fund grant funding for those projects. In February 2025 the PUCT issued an order adopting a new rule establishing the procedures for application to the grant fund. In July 2025, Entergy Texas submitted an application for approximately $200 million in grant funding from the Texas Energy Fund to implement the resilience projects originally included in its Texas Future Ready Resiliency Plan. In October 2025 the PUCT voted to approve the approximately $200 million grant request in full. The portion of the projects funded by Entergy Texas will be eligible for recovery through Entergy Texas’s transmission or distribution cost recovery factor riders, as applicable.

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Dividends and Stock Repurchases

Declarations of dividends on Entergy Corporation common stock are made at the discretion of the Board. In January 2026 the Board declared a dividend of $0.64 per share.

In accordance with Entergy’s stock-based compensation plans, Entergy periodically grants stock options, restricted stock, performance units, and restricted stock units to key employees, which may be exercised to obtain shares of Entergy Corporation common stock. According to the plans, these shares can be newly issued shares, treasury stock, or shares purchased on the open market. Entergy’s management has been authorized by the Board to repurchase on the open market shares up to an amount sufficient to fund the exercise of grants under the plans.

In addition to the authority to fund grant exercises, the Board has authorized share repurchase programs to enable opportunistic purchases in response to market conditions. In October 2010 the Board granted authority for a $500 million share repurchase program. The amount of repurchases may vary as a result of material changes in business results or capital spending or new investment opportunities, or if limitations in the credit markets continue for a prolonged period.

Sources of Capital

Entergy’s sources to meet its capital requirements and to fund potential investments include:

•internally generated funds;

•cash on hand ($1,929 million as of December 31, 2025);

•storm reserve escrow accounts;

•debt and equity issuances in the capital markets, including debt issuances to refund or retire currently outstanding or maturing indebtedness;

•bank financing under new or existing facilities or commercial paper; and

•sales of assets.

Circumstances such as weather patterns, fuel and purchased power price fluctuations, and unanticipated expenses, including unscheduled plant outages and storms, could affect the timing and level of internally generated funds in the future. In addition to the financings necessary to meet capital requirements and contractual obligations, the Registrant Subsidiaries expect to continue, when economically feasible, to retire higher-cost debt and replace it with lower-cost debt if market conditions permit.

Provisions within the organizational documents relating to preferred stock or membership interests of certain of Entergy Corporation’s subsidiaries could restrict the payment of cash dividends or other distributions on their common and preferred equity. All debt and preferred equity issuances by the Registrant Subsidiaries require prior regulatory approval and their debt issuances are also subject to requirements set forth in bond indentures and other agreements. Entergy believes that the Registrant Subsidiaries have sufficient capacity under these tests to meet foreseeable capital needs for the next twelve months and beyond.

The FERC has jurisdiction over securities issuances by the Utility operating companies and System Energy. The City Council has concurrent jurisdiction over Entergy New Orleans’s securities issuances with maturities longer than one year. The APSC has concurrent jurisdiction over Entergy Arkansas’s issuances of securities secured by Arkansas property, including first mortgage bond issuances. No regulatory approvals are necessary for Entergy Corporation to issue securities. The current FERC-authorized short-term borrowing limits and long-term financing authorization for Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy

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are effective through January 2027. The current FERC-authorized short-term borrowing limit and long-term financing authorization for Entergy Arkansas is effective through February 2028. Entergy Arkansas has obtained first mortgage bond/secured financing authorization from the APSC that extends through December 2027. Entergy New Orleans also has obtained long-term financing authorization from the City Council that extends through December 2027. Entergy Louisiana and System Energy each has obtained long-term financing authorization from the FERC that extends through January 2027 for issuances by the nuclear fuel company variable interest entities. In addition to borrowings from commercial banks, the Registrant Subsidiaries may also borrow from the Entergy system money pool and from other internal short-term borrowing arrangements. The money pool is an intercompany cash management program that makes possible intercompany borrowing and lending arrangements, and the money pool and the other internal borrowing arrangements are designed to reduce Entergy’s subsidiaries’ dependence on external short-term borrowings. Borrowings from internal and external short-term borrowings combined may not exceed the FERC-authorized limits. See Notes 4 and 5 to the financial statements for further discussion of Entergy’s borrowing limits, authorizations, and amounts outstanding.

Equity Issuances and Equity Distribution Program

In January 2021, Entergy Corporation entered into an equity distribution sales agreement with several counterparties establishing an at the market equity distribution program, pursuant to which Entergy Corporation may offer and sell from time to time shares of its common stock. The sales agreement provides that, in addition to the issuance and sale of shares of Entergy Corporation common stock, Entergy Corporation may enter into forward sale agreements for the sale of its common stock. The aggregate number of shares of common stock sold under this sales agreement and under any forward sale agreement may not exceed an aggregate gross sales price of $4.5 billion. Entergy Corporation settled certain of its then-outstanding forward sale agreements for cash proceeds of $131 million in 2023 and $1,138 million in 2025. There were no settlements of forward sale agreements for the year ended December 31, 2024.

In February 2026, Entergy Corporation physically settled a portion of its obligations under certain of its outstanding forward sale agreements under its at the market equity distribution program for cash proceeds of $346 million.

Entergy Corporation currently expects to issue approximately $4.4 billion of equity through 2029, which it may issue under its at the market equity distribution program or otherwise, with approximately $1.9 billion already contracted under forward sale agreements as of December 31, 2025, including under its at the market equity distribution program ($346 million of which were settled in February 2026 as described above) and the March 2025 equity offering described above.

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Entergy Texas Build-to-Suit Lease Arrangement for the Legend Power Station

In December 2025, Entergy Texas entered into a build-to-suit lease arrangement for the Legend Power Station as the lessee with a consortium of investors (the Investors). Under the terms of the arrangement, the Investors purchased the in-process Legend Power Station construction project from Entergy Texas at a cost of $359 million and will spend up to $1.45 billion (including the initial purchase price) to construct the Legend Power Station project as designed by Entergy Texas. Entergy Texas is engaged to serve as the construction agent for the Legend Power Station project. The Investors, however, control the asset during construction. If Entergy Texas defaults in its role as construction agent, the Investors have various options available to remedy the default, including by accelerating the lease balance payable by Entergy Texas, causing a sale of the Legend Power Station project to a third party, or certain other options. If there are certain changes to the terms of the PUCT approval of the Legend Power Station project or certain other circumstances outside of Entergy Texas’s control, then either the Investors or Entergy Texas could exercise the right to terminate the arrangement, in which case Entergy Texas would be required to purchase the in-process Legend Power Station project from the Investors at an amount equal to their costs incurred to date, including carrying costs. Since Entergy Texas does not control the in-process construction project, it will not recognize the asset (i.e., construction work in progress) or an associated liability during construction.

Upon the Legend Power Station’s readiness for first synchronization to the grid, expected in early 2028, a triple-net lease will commence under which Entergy Texas will have control of the Legend Power Station and receive all output from the plant. The initial term of the lease will end seven years from the closing of the arrangement, or approximately five years after the Legend Power Station’s expected readiness for first synchronization to the grid. The lease cost will be equal to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus a margin which is based on the credit rating of Entergy Texas, multiplied by the total costs (including carrying costs) incurred by the Investors as of the commencement of the lease. Entergy Texas will have the option to purchase the Legend Power Station at any time during the lease term at a price equal to the total cost of the plant to the Investors, plus any fees and carrying charges owed to the Investors. If the purchase price option is exercised within two years of commencement of the triple-net lease, Entergy Texas must enter into a secured note payable to the Investors for the amount of the purchase price. The note payable would be due at the end of the initial lease term, but may be prepaid at any time beginning two years after the commencement date of the lease. The note will be secured by the Legend Power Station and related equipment and collateral.

At the end of the initial lease term, Entergy Texas must exercise one of the following options: 1) renew the lease for an additional five year term, subject to unanimous consent of the Investors, 2) purchase the plant at a price equal to the total cost of the plant to Investors, plus any fees and carrying charges owed to the Investors, or 3) sell the plant on behalf of the Investors. If Entergy Texas chooses the third option, then it will owe or be owed any difference between the total cost of the plant to Investors and the sale price.

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Cash Flow Activity

As shown in Entergy’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were as follows:

2025 Compared to 2024

Operating Activities

Net cash flow provided by operating activities increased $662 million in 2025 primarily due to:

•higher collections from Utility customers;

•the receipt of $547 million in proceeds from the transfer of 2024 nuclear and solar production tax credits to third parties in 2025. See Note 3 to the financial statements for discussion of the nuclear and solar production tax credits;

•an increase of $401 million in receipts from advance payments related to customer agreements in 2025, of which $366 million is recorded as current liabilities and included within changes in other working capital accounts; and

•one-time bill credits of $92 million in 2024 to Entergy Arkansas’s retail customers through the Grand Gulf credit rider as a result of the System Energy settlement with the APSC.

The increase was partially offset by higher fuel and purchased power payments, an increase of $124 million in interest paid, and the timing of payments to vendors. See Note 2 to the financial statements for a discussion of fuel and purchased power cost recovery.

Investing Activities

Net cash flow used in investing activities increased $1,260 million in 2025 primarily due to:

•an increase of $2,154 million in non-nuclear generation construction expenditures primarily due to higher spending by Entergy Arkansas on the Ironwood Power Station (formerly Lake Catherine Unit 5) project and the Jefferson Power Station project, by Entergy Louisiana on the Franklin Farms Power Station Units 1 and 2 project, by Entergy Mississippi on the Delta Blues Advanced Power Station project, the Vicksburg Advanced Power Station project, the Traceview Advanced Power Station project, and the Penton Solar project, and by Entergy Texas on the Legend Power Station project, the Lone Star Power Station project, and the Orange County Advanced Power Station project;

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•an increase of $400 million in distribution construction expenditures primarily due to increased investment in the resilience of the Utility distribution system;

•an increase of $234 million in transmission construction expenditures primarily due to higher capital expenditures as a result of increased development in the Utility service area and increased spending on various transmission projects in 2025;

•an increase of $115 million in nuclear construction expenditures primarily due to increased spending on various nuclear projects in 2025;

•a decrease of $79 million in proceeds received in 2025 as compared to 2024 from the DOE resulting from litigation regarding spent nuclear fuel storage costs. See Note 8 to the financial statements for discussion of the spent nuclear fuel storage litigation;

•cash collateral of $95 million posted in 2025 to support Entergy Arkansas’s and Entergy Louisiana’s obligations to MISO; and

•an increase of $43 million in decommissioning trust fund investment activity.

The increase was partially offset by:

•the receipt of $484 million in proceeds from the sale of the Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025. See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of the Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025;

•the initial and substantial completion payments totaling approximately $393 million in 2024 for the purchase of the Driver Solar facility by Entergy Arkansas;

•the receipt of $359 million in proceeds from the sale of assets related to Entergy Texas’s Legend Power Station project in 2025. See Note 8 to the financial statements for discussion of the Entergy Texas build-to-suit lease arrangement for the Legend Power Station;

•the initial and substantial completion payments totaling approximately $240 million in 2024 for the purchase of the West Memphis Solar facility by Entergy Arkansas;

•the initial and substantial completion payments totaling approximately $186 million in 2024 for the purchase of the Walnut Bend Solar facility by Entergy Arkansas;

•a decrease of $68 million in information technology capital expenditures primarily due to decreased spending on various technology projects in 2025;

•a decrease of $57 million in nuclear fuel purchases due to variations from year to year in the timing and pricing of fuel reload requirements, materials and services deliveries, and the timing of cash payments during the nuclear fuel cycle; and

•net receipts from storm reserve escrow accounts of $32 million in 2025 compared to net payments to storm reserve escrow accounts of $17 million in 2024.

Financing Activities

Net cash flow provided by financing activities increased $940 million in 2025 primarily due to:

•$1,136 million in net proceeds from the issuance of common stock in settlement of forward contracts under the at the market equity distribution program in 2025. There were no issuances of common stock under the at the market equity distribution program in 2024; and

•an increase of $638 million in net customer advances for construction related to transmission, distribution, and generator interconnection agreements.

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The increase was partially offset by:

•long-term debt activity providing approximately $2,249 million of cash in 2025 compared to providing approximately $2,845 million of cash in 2024;

•a decrease of $100 million in proceeds received from treasury stock issuances in 2025 due to a smaller amount of previously repurchased Entergy Corporation common stock issued in 2025 to satisfy stock option exercises as compared to 2024;

•an increase of $92 million in common stock dividends paid in 2025 as a result of an increase in the dividend paid per share in 2025 as compared to 2024 and an increase in the number of shares outstanding; and

•an increase of $59 million in net repayments of commercial paper in 2025 as compared to 2024.

See Note 7 to the financial statements for discussion of the equity distribution program. See Note 5 to the financial statements for details of long-term debt. See Note 4 to the financial statements for details of Entergy’s commercial paper program.

2024 Compared to 2023

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Cash Flow Activity” in Item 7 of Entergy’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2025, for discussion of operating, investing, and financing cash flow activities for 2024 compared to 2023.

Industrial and Commercial Customers

Entergy’s large industrial and commercial customers continually explore ways to reduce their energy costs. Additionally, cogeneration is an option available to a portion of Entergy’s industrial customer base.

Rate, Cost-recovery, and Other Regulation

State and Local Rate Regulation and Fuel-Cost Recovery

The rates that the Utility operating companies charge for their services significantly influence Entergy’s financial position, results of operations, and liquidity. These companies are regulated, and the rates charged to their customers are determined in regulatory proceedings. Governmental agencies, including the APSC, the LPSC, the MPSC, the City Council, and the PUCT, are primarily responsible for approval of the rates charged to customers. Following is a summary of the Utility operating companies’ authorized returns on common equity:

Rate regulation and related regulatory proceedings and fuel and purchased power cost recovery proceedings for the Utility operating companies are discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements.

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Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Federal Regulation

The FERC regulates wholesale sales of electricity rates and interstate transmission of electricity, including rates for System Energy’s sales of capacity and energy from Grand Gulf to Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans pursuant to the Unit Power Sales Agreement. The current return on equity under the Unit Power Sales Agreement is 9.65%. The Unit Power Sales Agreement is discussed in Note 8 to the financial statements.

Market and Credit Risk Sensitive Instruments

Market risk is the risk of changes in the value of commodity and financial instruments, or in future net income or cash flows, in response to changing market conditions. Entergy holds commodity and financial instruments that are exposed to the following significant market risks:

•The commodity price risk associated with the sale of electricity by Entergy’s non-utility operations business.

•The interest rate and equity price risk associated with Entergy’s investments in qualified pension and other postretirement benefits trust funds. See Note 11 to the financial statements for details regarding Entergy’s qualified pension and other postretirement benefits trust funds.

•The interest rate and equity price risk associated with Entergy’s investments in nuclear plant decommissioning trust funds. See Note 16 to the financial statements for details regarding Entergy’s decommissioning trust funds.

•The interest rate risk associated with changes in interest rates as a result of Entergy’s outstanding indebtedness. See Notes 4 and 5 to the financial statements for the details of Entergy’s debt outstanding. See Note 15 to the financial statements for further details on Entergy’s derivative instruments and hedging activities.

The Utility has limited exposure to the effects of market risk because it operates primarily under cost-based rate regulation. To the extent approved by their retail regulators, the Utility operating companies use commodity and financial instruments to hedge the exposure to price volatility inherent in their purchased power, fuel, and gas purchased for resale costs that are recovered from customers.

Entergy’s commodity and financial instruments are also exposed to credit risk. Credit risk is the risk of loss from nonperformance by suppliers, customers, or financial counterparties to a contract or agreement. Entergy is also exposed to a potential demand on liquidity due to credit support requirements within its supply or sales agreements.

Cash and letters of credit are also acceptable forms of credit support. At December 31, 2025, based on power prices at that time, Entergy had $4 million of posted cash collateral.

In addition to the ability to post cash collateral, each of the Utility operating companies has uncommitted standby letter of credit facilities as a means to post collateral to support its obligations to MISO and for other purposes. As of December 31, 2025, Entergy Arkansas had $37 million of posted cash collateral and Entergy Louisiana had $58 million of posted cash collateral.

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Nuclear Matters

Entergy’s Utility business includes the ownership and operation of nuclear generating plants and is, therefore, subject to the risks related to such ownership and operation.

NRC Reactor Oversight Process

The NRC’s Reactor Oversight Process is a program to collect information about plant performance, assess the information for its safety significance, and provide for appropriate licensee and NRC response. The NRC evaluates plant performance by analyzing two distinct inputs: inspection findings resulting from the NRC’s inspection program and performance indicators reported by the licensee. The evaluations result in the placement of each plant in one of the NRC’s Reactor Oversight Process Action Matrix columns: “licensee response column,” or Column 1, “regulatory response column,” or Column 2, “degraded cornerstone column,” or Column 3, “multiple/repetitive degraded cornerstone column,” or Column 4, and “unacceptable performance,” or Column 5. Plants in Column 1 are subject to normal NRC inspection activities. Plants in Column 2, Column 3, or Column 4 are subject to progressively increasing levels of inspection by the NRC with, in general, progressively increasing levels of associated costs. Continued plant operation is not permitted for plants in Column 5. All of the nuclear generating plants owned and operated by Entergy’s Utility business are currently in Column 1.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of Entergy’s financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to apply appropriate accounting policies and to make estimates and judgments that can have a significant effect on reported financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Management has identified the following accounting estimates as critical because they are based on assumptions and measurements that involve a high degree of uncertainty, and the potential for future changes in these assumptions and measurements could produce estimates that would have a material effect on the presentation of Entergy’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Nuclear Decommissioning Costs

Certain of the Utility operating companies and System Energy own nuclear generation facilities. Regulations require these Entergy subsidiaries to decommission the nuclear power plants after each facility is taken out of service, and cash is deposited in trust funds during the facilities’ operating lives in order to provide for this obligation. Entergy conducts periodic decommissioning cost studies to estimate the costs that will be incurred to decommission the facilities. The following key assumptions have a significant effect on these estimates.

•Timing - In projecting decommissioning costs, two assumptions must be made to estimate the timing of plant decommissioning. First, the date of the plant’s retirement must be estimated for those plants that do not have an announced shutdown date. The estimate may include assumptions regarding the possibility that the plant may have an operating life shorter than the operating license expiration. Second, an assumption must be made regarding whether all decommissioning activity will proceed immediately upon plant

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retirement, or whether the plant will be placed in SAFSTOR status. A change of assumption regarding either the period of continued operation, the use of a SAFSTOR period, or whether Entergy will continue to hold the plant or the plant is held for sale can change the present value of the asset retirement obligation.

•Cost Escalation Factors - Entergy’s current decommissioning cost studies include an assumption that decommissioning costs will escalate over present cost levels by factors ranging from approximately 2% to 3% annually. A 50-basis point change in this assumption could change the estimated present value of the decommissioning liabilities by approximately 8% to 15%. The timing assumption influences the significance of the effect of a change in the estimated inflation or cost escalation rate because the effect increases with the length of time assumed before decommissioning activity ends.

•Spent Fuel Disposal - Federal law requires the DOE to provide for the permanent storage of spent nuclear fuel, and legislation has been passed by Congress to develop a repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The DOE has not yet begun accepting spent nuclear fuel and is in non-compliance with federal law. The DOE continues to delay meeting its obligation and Entergy’s nuclear plant owners are continuing to pursue damage claims against the DOE for its failure to provide timely spent fuel storage. Until a federal site is available, however, nuclear plant operators must provide for interim spent fuel storage on the nuclear plant site, which can require the construction and maintenance of dry cask storage sites or other facilities. The costs of developing and maintaining these facilities during the decommissioning period can have a significant effect (as much as an average of 20% to 30% of total estimated decommissioning costs). Entergy’s decommissioning studies include cost estimates for spent fuel storage. These estimates could change in the future, however, based on the expected timing of when the DOE begins to fulfill its obligation to receive and store spent nuclear fuel. See Note 8 to the financial statements for further discussion of Entergy’s spent nuclear fuel litigation.

•Technology and Regulation - Over the past several years, more practical experience with the actual decommissioning of nuclear facilities has been gained and that experience has been incorporated into Entergy’s current decommissioning cost estimates. Given the long duration of decommissioning projects, additional experience, including technological advancements in decommissioning, could be gained and affect current cost estimates. In addition, if regulations regarding nuclear decommissioning were to change, this could affect cost estimates.

•Interest Rates - The estimated decommissioning costs that are the basis for the recorded decommissioning liability are discounted to present value using a credit-adjusted risk-free rate. When the decommissioning liability is revised, increases in cash flows are discounted using the current credit-adjusted risk-free rate. Decreases in estimated cash flows are discounted using the credit-adjusted risk-free rate used previously in estimating the decommissioning liability that is being revised. Therefore, to the extent that a revised cost study results in an increase in estimated cash flows, a change in interest rates from the time of the previous cost estimate will affect the calculation of the present value of the revised decommissioning liability.

Revisions of estimated decommissioning costs that decrease the liability also result in a decrease in the asset retirement cost asset. Revisions of estimated decommissioning costs that increase the liability result in an increase in the asset retirement cost asset, which is then depreciated over the asset’s remaining economic life. See Note 9 to the financial statements for further discussion of asset retirement obligations.

Utility Regulatory Accounting

Entergy’s Utility operating companies and System Energy are subject to retail regulation by their respective state and local regulators and to wholesale regulation by the FERC. Because these regulatory agencies set the rates the Utility operating companies and System Energy are allowed to charge customers based on allowable costs, including a reasonable return on equity, the Utility operating companies and System Energy apply accounting standards that require the financial statements to reflect the effects of rate regulation, including the recording of regulatory assets and liabilities. Regulatory assets represent incurred costs that have been deferred because they are

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Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

probable of future recovery from customers through regulated rates.

For each regulatory jurisdiction in which they conduct business, the Utility operating companies and System Energy assess whether the regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities continue to meet the criteria for probable future recovery or settlement at each balance sheet date and when regulatory events occur. This assessment includes consideration of recent rate orders, historical regulatory treatment for similar costs, and factors such as changes in applicable regulatory and political environments. If the assessments made by the Utility operating companies and System Energy are ultimately different than actual regulatory outcomes, it could materially affect the results of operations, financial position, and cash flows of Entergy or the Registrant Subsidiaries.

Taxation and Uncertain Tax Positions

Management exercises significant judgment in evaluating the potential tax effects of Entergy’s operations, transactions, and other events. Entergy accounts for uncertain income tax positions using a recognition model under a two-step approach with a more likely-than-not recognition threshold and a measurement approach based on the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. Management evaluates each tax position based on the technical merits and facts and circumstances of the position, assuming the position will be examined by a taxing authority having full knowledge of all relevant information. Significant judgment is required to determine whether available information supports the assertion that the recognition threshold has been met. Additionally, measurement of unrecognized tax benefits to be recorded in the consolidated financial statements is based on the probability of different potential outcomes. Income tax expense and tax positions recorded could be significantly affected by events such as additional transactions contemplated or consummated by Entergy as well as audits by taxing authorities of the tax positions taken in transactions. Management believes that the financial statement tax balances are accounted for and adjusted appropriately each quarter, as necessary, in accordance with applicable authoritative guidance; however, the ultimate outcome of tax matters could result in favorable or unfavorable effects on the consolidated financial statements.

Certain Entergy subsidiaries have elected to apply the mark-to-market method of accounting for income tax return purposes to wholesale power purchase agreements as appropriate under the Internal Revenue Code and U.S. Treasury Regulations. The mark-to-market tax gain or loss computed each year is based on an estimated fair market valuation which includes analyses of market prices and conditions.

Entergy’s income taxes, including unrecognized tax benefits, open audits, and other significant tax matters, are discussed in Note 3 to the financial statements. See “Income Tax Legislation and Regulation” above for discussion of income tax legislation and regulation.

Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

Entergy sponsors qualified, defined benefit pension plans, including cash balance plans and final average pay plans. Generally, plan participation is determined based on the employee’s most recent date of hire and collective bargaining agreement, where applicable. Additionally, Entergy currently provides other postretirement health care and life insurance benefits for full-time employees whose most recent date of hire or rehire is before July 1, 2014, and who reach retirement age and meet certain eligibility requirements while still working for Entergy.

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Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Entergy’s reported costs of providing these benefits, as described in Note 11 to the financial statements, are affected by numerous factors including the provisions of the plans, changing employee demographics, and various actuarial calculations, assumptions, and accounting mechanisms. Because of the complexity of these calculations, the long-term nature of these obligations, and the importance of the assumptions utilized, Entergy’s estimate of these costs is a critical accounting estimate for Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries.

Assumptions

Key actuarial assumptions utilized in determining qualified pension and postretirement health care and life insurance costs include discount rates, projected healthcare cost rates, expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, rate of increase in future compensation levels, retirement rates, expected timing and form of payments, and mortality rates.

Annually, Entergy reviews and, when necessary, adjusts the assumptions for the qualified pension and other postretirement plans. Every three-to-five years, a formal actuarial assumption experience study that compares assumptions to the actual experience of the qualified pension and postretirement health care and life insurance plans is conducted. The interest rate environment over the past few years and volatility in the financial equity markets have affected Entergy’s funding and reported costs for these benefits.

Discount rates

In selecting an assumed discount rate to calculate benefit obligations, Entergy uses a yield curve based on high-quality corporate debt with cash flows matching the expected plan benefit payments. In estimating the service cost and interest cost components of net periodic benefit cost, Entergy discounts the expected cash flows by the applicable spot rates.

Projected health care cost trend rates

Entergy’s health care cost trend is affected by both medical cost inflation and, with respect to capped costs under the plan, the effects of general inflation. Entergy reviews actual recent cost trends and projected future trends in establishing its health care cost trend rates.

Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets

In determining its expected long-term rate of return on plan assets used in the calculation of benefit plan costs, Entergy reviews past performance, current and expected future asset allocations, and capital market assumptions of its investment consultant and some of its investment managers. Entergy conducts periodic asset/liability studies in order to set its target asset allocations.

In 2023, Entergy implemented a new asset allocation strategy for its pension assets, based on the funded status of each plan within the trust. The new strategy no longer focuses on targeting an overall asset allocation for the trust, but rather a target asset allocation for each plan within the trust that adjusts dynamically based on the funded status. The ultimate asset allocation for each plan is expected to be attained when the plan is 110% funded. The 2025 weighted-average target pension asset allocation is 30% equity and 70% fixed income securities, of which 66% is long duration fixed income.

This strategy was reaffirmed based upon an asset/liability study in 2024. The 2025 weighted-average target postretirement asset allocation is 23% equity and 77% fixed income securities.

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Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

See Note 11 to the financial statements for discussion of the current asset allocations for Entergy’s pension and other postretirement assets.

Costs and Sensitivities

The estimated 2026 and actual 2025 qualified pension and other postretirement costs and related underlying assumptions and sensitivities are shown below:

(a) In 2025, qualified pension cost included settlement costs of $23.9 million and other postretirement income included settlement and curtailment credits of $5.2 million.

Actual asset returns have an effect on Entergy’s qualified pension and other postretirement costs.

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Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

The following chart reflects the sensitivity of qualified pension cost and qualified pension projected benefit obligation to changes in certain actuarial assumptions (dollars in millions):

The following chart reflects the sensitivity of postretirement benefits cost and accumulated postretirement benefit obligation to changes in certain actuarial assumptions (dollars in millions):

Each fluctuation above assumes that the other components of the calculation are held constant.

Accounting Mechanisms

In accordance with pension accounting standards, Entergy utilizes a number of accounting mechanisms that reduce the volatility of reported pension costs. Differences between actuarial assumptions and actual plan results are deferred and are amortized into expense only when the accumulated differences exceed 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the market-related value of plan assets. If necessary, the excess is amortized over the average remaining service period of active employees. If almost all of the plan participants are inactive, as is the case for certain qualified pension plans, the excess is amortized over the remaining life expectancy of plan participants. Additionally, accounting standards allow for the deferral of prior service costs/credits arising from plan amendments that attribute an increase or decrease in benefits to employee service in prior periods. Prior service costs/credits are then amortized into expense over the average future working life of active employees. Certain decisions, including workforce reductions, plan amendments, and plant shutdowns, may significantly reduce the expense amortization period and result in immediate recognition of certain previously-deferred costs and gains/losses in the form of curtailment gains or losses. Similarly, payments made to settle benefit obligations, including lump sum benefit payments, can also result in accelerated recognition in the form of settlement losses or gains. Several Entergy subsidiaries received regulatory approval to defer the expense portion of settlement charges and amortize into expense over time. See Note 11 to the financial statements for further discussion.

Entergy calculates the expected return on pension and other postretirement benefits plan assets by multiplying the long-term expected rate of return on assets by the market-related value (MRV) of plan assets. Entergy determines the MRV of its pension plan assets, except for the long duration fixed income assets, by calculating a value that uses a 20-quarter phase-in of the difference between actual and expected returns. For the long duration fixed income assets in the pension trust and for its other postretirement benefits plan assets, Entergy uses fair value as the MRV.

Accounting standards require an employer to recognize in its balance sheet the funded status of its benefit plans. See Note 11 to the financial statements for further discussion of Entergy’s funded status.

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Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Employer Contributions

Entergy contributed $240 million to its qualified pension plans in 2025. Entergy estimates pension contributions will be approximately $200 million in 2026 although the 2026 required pension contributions will be known with more certainty when the January 1, 2026, valuations are completed, which is expected by April 1, 2026.

Minimum required funding calculations as determined under Pension Protection Act guidance, as amended by the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, are performed annually as of January 1 of each year and are based on measurements of the assets and funding liabilities as measured at that date. Any excess of the funding liability over the calculated fair market value of assets results in a funding shortfall that must be funded over a fifteen-year rolling period. The Pension Protection Act also imposes certain plan limitations if the funded percentage, which is based on calculated fair market values of assets divided by funding liabilities, does not meet certain thresholds. For funding purposes, asset gains and losses are smoothed into the calculated fair market value of assets. The funding liability is based upon a weighted-average 24-month corporate bond rate published by the U.S. Treasury which is generally subject to a corridor of the 25-year average of prior segment rates. Periodic changes in asset returns and interest rates can affect funding shortfalls and future cash contributions.

Entergy contributed $45.2 million to its other postretirement plans in 2025 and plans to contribute $40.9 million in 2026.

Other Contingencies

As a company with multi-state utility operations, Entergy is subject to a number of federal and state laws and regulations and other factors and conditions in the areas in which it operates, which potentially subjects it to environmental, litigation, and other risks. Entergy periodically evaluates its exposure for such risks and records a provision for those matters which are considered probable and estimable in accordance with GAAP.

Environmental

Entergy must comply with environmental laws and regulations applicable to air emissions, water discharges, solid waste (including coal combustion residuals), hazardous waste, toxic substances, protected species, and other environmental matters. Under these various laws and regulations, Entergy could incur substantial costs to comply or address any impacts to the environment. Entergy conducts studies to determine the extent of any required remediation and has recorded liabilities based upon its evaluation of the likelihood of loss and expected dollar amount for each issue. Additional sites or issues could be identified which require environmental remediation or corrective action for which Entergy could be liable. The amounts of environmental liabilities recorded can be significantly affected by the following external events or conditions.

•Changes to existing federal, state, or local regulation or related policies by governmental authorities having jurisdiction over air quality, water quality, control of toxic substances and hazardous and solid wastes, and other environmental matters.

•The identification of additional impacts, sites, issues, or the filing of other complaints in which Entergy may be asserted to be a potentially responsible party.

•The resolution or progression of existing matters through the court system or resolution by the EPA or relevant state or local authority.

Litigation

Entergy is regularly named as a defendant in a number of lawsuits involving employment, customers, and injuries and damages issues, among other matters. Entergy periodically reviews the cases in which it has been named as defendant and assesses the likelihood of loss in each case as probable, reasonably possible, or remote and records liabilities for cases that have a probable likelihood of loss and the loss can be estimated. Given the

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environment in which Entergy operates, and the unpredictable nature of many of the cases in which Entergy is named as a defendant, the ultimate outcome of the litigation to which Entergy is exposed has the potential to materially affect the results of operations, financial position, and cash flows of Entergy or the Registrant Subsidiaries.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 to the financial statements for discussion of new accounting pronouncements.

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ENTERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

REPORT OF MANAGEMENT

Management of Entergy Corporation and its subsidiaries has prepared and is responsible for the financial statements and related financial information included in this document. To meet this responsibility, management establishes and maintains a system of internal controls over financial reporting designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. This system includes communication through written policies and procedures, an employee Code of Entegrity, and an organizational structure that provides for appropriate division of responsibility and training of personnel. This system is also tested by a comprehensive internal audit program.

Entergy management assesses the design and effectiveness of Entergy’s internal control over financial reporting on an annual basis. In making this assessment, management uses the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control - Integrated Framework. The 2013 COSO Framework was utilized for management’s assessment. Management acknowledges, however, that all internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations and can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

Entergy Corporation’s independent registered public accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of Entergy Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025.

In addition, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, composed solely of independent Directors, meets with the independent auditors, internal auditors, management, and internal accountants periodically to discuss internal controls, and auditing and financial reporting matters. The Audit Committee appoints the independent auditors annually, seeks shareholder ratification of the appointment, and reviews with the independent auditors the scope and results of the audit effort. The Audit Committee also meets periodically with the independent auditors and the chief internal auditor without management present, providing free access to the Audit Committee.

Based on management’s assessment of internal controls using the 2013 COSO criteria, management believes that Entergy and each of the Registrant Subsidiaries maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025. Management further believes that this assessment, combined with the policies and procedures noted above, provides reasonable assurance that Entergy’s and each of the Registrant Subsidiaries’ financial statements are fairly and accurately presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and Board of Directors of

Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries (the “Corporation”) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows, and changes in equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively, referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Corporation as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 19, 2026, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Corporation’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Corporation’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Corporation in accordance with the US federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Rate and Regulatory Matters — Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries — Refer to Note 2 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Corporation is subject to rate regulation by their respective state or local utility regulatory agencies and wholesale regulation by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (collectively, the “Commissions”). Management has determined it meets the requirements under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America to prepare its financial statements applying the specialized rules to account for the effects of cost-based rate regulation. Accounting for the economics of rate regulation impacts multiple financial statement line items and disclosures.

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The Corporation’s rates are subject to regulatory rate-setting processes and annual earnings oversight. Because the Commissions set the rates, the Corporation is allowed to charge customers based on allowable costs, including a reasonable return on equity, and the Corporation applies accounting standards that require the financial statements to reflect the effects of rate regulation, including the recording of regulatory assets and liabilities. The Corporation assesses whether the regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities continue to meet the criteria for probable future recovery or settlement at each balance sheet date and when regulatory events occur. This assessment includes consideration of recent rate orders, historical regulatory treatment for similar costs, and factors such as changes in applicable regulatory and political environments. While the Corporation has indicated it expects to recover costs from customers through regulated rates, there is a risk that the Commissions will not approve: (1) full recovery of the costs of providing utility service or (2) full recovery of amounts invested in the utility business and a reasonable return on that investment.

We identified the impact of rate regulation as a critical audit matter due to the judgments made by management to support its assertions about impacted account balances and disclosures and the high degree of subjectivity involved in assessing the impact of future regulatory orders on the financial statements. Management judgments include assessing the likelihood of recovery in future rates of incurred costs and the likelihood of refunds to customers. Auditing management’s judgments regarding the outcome of future decisions by the Commissions, recovery in future rates of regulatory assets and refunds or future reductions in rates related to regulatory liabilities involved specialized knowledge of accounting for rate regulation and the rate-setting process due to its inherent complexities and auditor judgment to evaluate management estimates and the subjectivity of audit evidence.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the uncertainty of future decisions by the Commissions, recovery in future rates of regulatory assets and refunds or future reductions in rates related to regulatory liabilities included the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of management’s controls over the evaluation of the likelihood of (1) the recovery in future rates of regulatory assets; and (2) a refund or a future reduction in rates that should be reported as regulatory liabilities. We also tested the effectiveness of management’s controls over the initial recognition of amounts as regulatory assets or liabilities and the monitoring and evaluation of regulatory developments that may affect the likelihood of recovering costs in future rates or of a future reduction in rates.

•We evaluated the Corporation’s disclosures related to the impacts of rate regulation, including the balances recorded and regulatory developments.

•We read relevant regulatory orders issued by the Commissions for the Corporation to assess the likelihood of recovery in future rates or of a future reduction in rates based on precedents of the Commissions’ treatment of similar costs under similar circumstances. We evaluated external information and compared to management’s recorded regulatory asset and liability balances for completeness.

•For regulatory matters in process, we inspected the Corporation’s and intervenors’ filings with the Commissions, initial Administrative Law Judge decisions and orders issued, and settlement offers and agreements with the Commissions for any evidence that might contradict management’s assertions.

•We obtained an analysis from management and support from the Corporation’s internal and external legal counsel, as appropriate, regarding probability of recovery for regulatory assets or refund or future reduction in rates for regulatory liabilities not yet addressed in a regulatory order, to assess management’s assertion that amounts are probable of recovery or refund or a future reduction in rates.

•We obtained representation from management regarding probability of recovery for regulatory assets or refund or future reduction in rates for regulatory liabilities to assess management’s assertion that amounts are probable of recovery, refund, or a future reduction in rates.

Entergy Texas Build-to-Suit Lease Arrangement for the Legend Power Station — Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries — Refer to Note 8 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

In December 2025, the Corporation entered into a build-to-suit lease arrangement for the Legend Power Station (the “Facility”) as the lessee with a consortium of investors (“the Investors”). Under the terms of the arrangement, the

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Investors purchased the in-process Facility from the Corporation at cost of $359 million and will spend up to $1.45 billion (including the initial purchase price) to construct the Facility as designed by the Corporation. The Corporation is engaged to serve as the construction agent for the Facility. The Investors, however, control the Facility during construction. If the Corporation defaults in its role as construction agent, the Investors have various options available to remedy the default, including by accelerating the lease balance payable by the Corporation, causing a sale of the Facility to a third party, or certain other options. If there are certain changes to the terms of the Public Utility Commission of Texas (“PUCT”) approval of the Facility or certain other circumstances outside of the Corporation’s control, then either the Investors or the Corporation could exercise the right to terminate the arrangement, in which case the Corporation would be required to purchase the in-process Facility from the Investors at an amount equal to their costs incurred to date, including carrying costs. Since the Corporation does not control the in-process Facility, it will not recognize the Facility (i.e., construction work in progress) or an associated liability during construction.

Upon the Facility’s readiness for first synchronization to the grid, expected in early 2028, a triple-net lease will commence under which the Corporation will have control of the Facility and receive all output from the plant.

We identified management’s conclusion that the Corporation does not control the Facility being constructed before the commencement of the lease (i.e., during the construction period) and thus is not the deemed accounting owner of the Facility during the construction period as a critical audit matter due to the judgments made by management to support its conclusion. Auditing management’s judgments involved especially subjective judgment and specialized knowledge of accounting for lease transactions.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the build-to-suit lease arrangement for the Facility included the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of management’s controls over the evaluation of the accounting impact of this build-to-suit lease arrangement, including the conclusion that the Corporation does not control the Facility being constructed before the commencement of the lease.

•We evaluated the Corporation’s disclosures related to the impacts of the build-to-suit lease arrangement.

•We read relevant transaction documents between the Corporation and the Investors as well as regulatory orders issued by the PUCT for the Corporation and evaluated the external information to compare to management’s conclusions.

•We obtained an analysis from management to assess management’s assertion that the Corporation does not control the Facility being constructed before the commencement date of the lease.

•With the assistance of professionals in our firm having expertise and experience in addressing the accounting for build-to-suit lease arrangements, we evaluated the Corporation’s analysis, including the conclusion that the Corporation does not control the Facility being constructed before the commencement date of the lease.

•We obtained representation from management regarding the conclusion that the Corporation does not control the Facility being constructed before the commencement date of the lease.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

New Orleans, Louisiana

February 19, 2026

We have served as the Corporation’s auditor since 2001.

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ENTERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Entergy Corporation and its subsidiaries. As required by GAAP in the United States of America, all intercompany transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements. Entergy’s Registrant Subsidiaries (Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy) also include their separate financial statements in this Form 10-K. Certain previously reported amounts in the financial statements have been reclassified to conform to current classification, with no effect on results of operations, financial positions, or cash flows. The Registrant Subsidiaries and many other Entergy subsidiaries also maintain accounts in accordance with FERC and other regulatory guidelines.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

In conformity with GAAP in the United States of America, the preparation of Entergy Corporation’s consolidated financial statements and the separate financial statements of the Registrant Subsidiaries requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Adjustments to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities may be necessary in the future to the extent that future estimates or actual results are different from the estimates used.

Revenues and Fuel Costs

See Note 19 to the financial statements for a discussion of Entergy’s and the Registrant Subsidiaries’ revenues and fuel costs.

Customer Advances

Certain large industrial customers are required by Entergy’s Regulators to make advance payments in excess of what would typically be required under existing utility rates to offset the costs the Utility operating companies will incur to serve the customer. In some cases, the advance payment is designed to provide the Utility operating companies with a return on construction work in progress for utility plant investments typically received through the recognition of AFUDC (as defined and described further below). In such cases, AFUDC is not added to the associated construction work in progress, which results in a lower amount of utility plant recovered through utility rates. Customer advances are initially recorded as a current or non-current liability and then recognized as revenue as the related costs are incurred.

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment is stated at original cost less regulatory disallowances and impairments. Depreciation is computed on the straight-line basis at rates based on the applicable estimated service lives of the various classes of property. For the Registrant Subsidiaries, the original cost of plant retired or removed, less salvage, is charged to accumulated depreciation. Normal maintenance, repairs, and minor replacement costs are charged to operating expenses. Certain combined cycle gas turbine generating units are maintained under long-term service agreements with third-party service providers. The costs under these

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agreements are split between operating expenses and capital additions based upon the nature of the work performed. Substantially all of the Registrant Subsidiaries’ plant is subject to mortgage liens.

Customers may be required to make advance payments to reimburse the Utility operating companies for costs of constructing new utility plants that are not expected to be recovered through existing retail rates. Under the regulatory framework, these payments are required to ensure the cost to serve a particular customer does not increase the utility rates charged to other utility customers. These advance payments generally do not reduce the retail rate charged to the customer making the payment and do not create any additional obligation for the respective Utility operating company to provide electrical service beyond the general obligation to serve all customers in its service area. These advance payments are initially recorded as a non-current liability, which is then reduced by the costs incurred to construct the associated utility plant. This results in Entergy and the Utility operating companies recording utility plant funded by customer advances at a net cost of zero, consistent with utility ratemaking treatment.

Electric plant includes the portion of Grand Gulf that was sold and leased back in a prior period. For financial reporting purposes, this sale and leaseback arrangement is reported as a financing transaction.

Net property, plant, and equipment (including property under lease and associated accumulated amortization) for Entergy by functional category, as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, is shown below:

(a)Includes $403 million of natural gas property, plant, and equipment and accumulated depreciation and $3 million of construction work in progress classified as held for sale in “Non-current assets held for sale” on Entergy’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024. See Note 14 to the financial statements for further discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025 and the classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2024.

Depreciation rates on average depreciable property for Entergy approximated 2.9% in 2025, 2.9% in 2024, and 2.9% in 2023.

Entergy amortizes nuclear fuel using a units-of-production method. Nuclear fuel amortization is included in fuel expense in the income statements.

Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $251 million as of December 31, 2025 and $231 million as of December 31, 2024.

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Net property, plant, and equipment (including property under lease and associated accumulated amortization) for the Registrant Subsidiaries by functional category, as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, is shown below:

(a)Includes $164 million of natural gas property, plant, and equipment and accumulated depreciation and $1 million of construction work in progress for Entergy Louisiana and $239 million of natural gas property, plant, and equipment and accumulated depreciation and $2 million of construction work in progress for Entergy New Orleans classified as held for sale in “Non-current assets held for sale” on their respective consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024. See Note 14 to the financial statements for further discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025 and the classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2024.

Depreciation rates on average depreciable property for the Registrant Subsidiaries are shown below:

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Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Louisiana is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $240.8 million as of December 31, 2025 and $225.4 million as of December 31, 2024. Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Mississippi is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $0.6 million as of December 31, 2025 and $0.5 million as of December 31, 2024.

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Jointly-Owned Generating Stations

Certain Entergy subsidiaries jointly own electric generating facilities with affiliates or third parties. All parties are required to provide their own financing. The investments, fuel expenses, and other operation and maintenance expenses associated with these generating stations are recorded by the Entergy subsidiaries to the extent of their respective undivided ownership interests. As of December 31, 2025, the subsidiaries’ investment and accumulated depreciation in each of these generating stations were as follows:

(a)“Total Megawatt Capability” is the dependable summer load carrying capability as demonstrated under actual operating conditions based on the primary fuel (assuming no curtailments) that each station was designed to utilize.

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(b)Ouachita Units 1 and 2 are owned 100% by Entergy Arkansas and Ouachita Unit 3 is owned 100% by Entergy Louisiana. The investment and accumulated depreciation numbers above are only for the common facilities and not for the generating units.

(c)Union Unit 1 is owned 100% by Entergy New Orleans, Union Unit 2 is owned 100% by Entergy Arkansas, Union Units 3 and 4 are owned 100% by Entergy Louisiana. The investment and accumulated depreciation numbers above are only for the specified common facilities and not for the generating units.

(d)Includes a leasehold interest held by System Energy. System Energy’s Grand Gulf lease obligations are discussed in Note 5 to the financial statements.

Nuclear Refueling Outage Costs

Nuclear refueling outage costs are deferred during the outage and amortized over the estimated period to the next outage because these refueling outage expenses are incurred to prepare the units to operate for the next operating cycle without having to be taken off line.

Allowance for Funds Used During Construction (AFUDC)

AFUDC represents the approximate net composite interest cost of borrowed funds and a reasonable return on the equity funds used for construction by the Registrant Subsidiaries. AFUDC increases both the plant balance and earnings and is realized in cash through depreciation provisions included in the rates charged to customers.

Income Taxes

Entergy Corporation and the majority of its subsidiaries file a United States consolidated federal income tax return. Each tax-paying entity records income taxes as if it were a separate taxpayer and consolidating adjustments are allocated to the tax filing entities in accordance with the Entergy Tax Allocation Agreement. Deferred income taxes are recorded for temporary differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and for certain losses and credits available for carryforward.

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates in the period in which the tax or rate was enacted.

The benefits of investment tax credits are deferred and amortized over the average useful life of the related property, as a reduction of income tax expense, for such credits associated with rate-regulated operations in accordance with ratemaking treatment.

Accounting for the Effects of Regulation

Entergy’s Utility operating companies and System Energy are rate-regulated entities that are required to reflect the effects of rate regulation in their financial statements, including the recording of regulatory assets and liabilities, as the Utility operating companies and System Energy have rates that meet the following three criteria: (1) are approved by a third-party regulator; (2) are designed to recover the entities’ cost of providing the regulated services or products; and (3) can reasonably be assumed will be charged to and collected from customers. These criteria may also be applied to separable portions of a utility’s business, such as the generation or transmission functions, or to specific classes of customers.

Regulatory assets represent incurred costs that have been deferred because they are probable of future recovery from customers through regulated rates. To the extent that all or portions of the Utility operating companies or System Energy’s operations cease to be subject to

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rate regulation, or future recovery or settlement is no longer probable as a result of changes in regulation or other reasons, the related regulatory assets and liabilities are eliminated from the balance sheet and the impact is recognized on the income statement.

In addition, regulatory accounting requires recognition of an impairment loss if it becomes probable that part of the cost of a recently completed plant asset will be disallowed for rate-making purposes and a reasonable estimate of the amount of the disallowance can be made.

Entergy Louisiana does not apply regulatory accounting standards to the Louisiana retail deregulated portion of River Bend or to the 30% interest in River Bend formerly owned by Cajun unless specific cost recovery is provided for in tariff rates. The Louisiana retail deregulated portion of River Bend is operated under a deregulated asset plan representing a portion (approximately 15%) of River Bend plant costs, generation, revenues, and expenses established under a 1992 LPSC order. The plan allows Entergy Louisiana to sell the electricity from the deregulated assets to Louisiana retail customers at 4.6 cents per kWh or off-system at higher prices, with certain provisions for sharing incremental revenue above 4.6 cents per kWh between customers and shareholders.

Regulatory Asset or Liability for Income Taxes

Accounting standards for income taxes provide that a regulatory asset or liability be recorded if it is probable that the currently determinable future increase or decrease in regulatory income tax expense will be recovered from or credited to customers through future rates. There are two main sources of Entergy’s regulatory asset or liability for income taxes. There is a regulatory asset related to the ratemaking treatment of the tax effects of book depreciation for the equity component of AFUDC that has been capitalized to property, plant, and equipment but for which there is no corresponding tax basis. Equity-AFUDC is a component of property, plant, and equipment that is included in rate base when the plant is placed in service. There is a regulatory liability related to the adjustment of Entergy’s net deferred income taxes that was required by the enactment in December 2017 of a change in the federal corporate income tax rate, which is discussed in Note 3 to the financial statements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Entergy considers all unrestricted highly liquid debt instruments with an original maturity of three months or less at date of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Securitization Recovery Trust Accounts

The funds that Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Texas hold in their securitization recovery trust accounts are not classified as cash and cash equivalents or restricted cash and cash equivalents because of their nature, uses, and restrictions. These funds are classified as part of other current assets and other investments, depending on the timeframe within which the Registrant Subsidiary expects to use the funds.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects Entergy’s best estimate of expected losses on its accounts receivable balances. The allowance is calculated as the historical rate of customer write-offs multiplied by the current accounts receivable balance, taking into account the length of time the receivable balances have been outstanding. The Utility operating companies’ customer accounts receivable are written off consistent with approved regulatory requirements. See Note 19 to the financial statements for further details on the allowance for doubtful accounts.

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Notes to Financial Statements

Materials and Supplies

Materials and supplies consist of tangible goods, equipment, and other materials that Entergy holds for use or consumption in the normal course of business, whether for capital projects or operation and maintenance activities, or that are required to be kept for regulatory reasons or service reliability. Materials and supplies are valued at a weighted average unit cost when expensed or capitalized, as appropriate, when used or installed. Materials and supplies are valued at the lower of weighted average cost or net realizable value, net of provisions for surplus and obsolete materials and supplies.

Investments

Entergy records decommissioning trust funds on the balance sheet at their fair value. Because of the ability of the Registrant Subsidiaries to recover decommissioning costs in rates and in accordance with the regulatory treatment for decommissioning trust funds, for unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities, the Registrant Subsidiaries record an offsetting amount in other regulatory liabilities/assets. For the 30% interest in River Bend formerly owned by Cajun, Entergy Louisiana records an offsetting amount in other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets of Entergy and Entergy Louisiana for the unrealized trust earnings not currently expected to be needed to decommission the plant. Entergy’s trusts are managed by third parties who operate in accordance with agreements that define investment guidelines and place restrictions on the purchases and sales of investments. See Note 16 to the financial statements for details on the decommissioning trust funds.

Partnerships with Disproportionate Allocation of Earnings and Losses in Relation to an Investor’s Ownership Interest

Entergy Arkansas and Entergy Mississippi, as managing members, each control a tax equity partnership with a third party tax equity investor and consolidate the partnerships for financial reporting purposes. For each respective partnership, the limited liability company agreement with the tax equity investor stipulates a disproportionate allocation of tax attributes, earnings, and cash flows between the Registrant Subsidiary and the tax equity investor with the tax equity investor being allocated a significant portion of the tax attributes, earnings, and cash flows until it receives its target return, at which point the earnings and cash flows will primarily be allocated to the Registrant Subsidiary. Each Registrant Subsidiary has the option to purchase, at a future date specified in their respective partnership agreement, the tax equity investor’s interests at the then-current fair market value, plus an amount that results in the tax equity investor reaching its target return, if needed.

Because of this disproportionate allocation, each Registrant Subsidiary accounts for its earnings in the partnership using the HLBV method of accounting. Under the HLBV method, the amounts of income and loss attributable to both the Registrant Subsidiary and the tax equity investor reflect changes in the amount each would hypothetically receive at the balance sheet date under the respective liquidation provisions of the limited liability company agreement, assuming the net assets of the partnership were liquidated at book value, after consideration of contributions and distributions, between the Registrant Subsidiary and the tax equity investor. Once the tax equity investor reaches its target return in the hypothetical liquidation, the remaining proceeds are primarily allocated to the Registrant Subsidiary. This allocation may result in fluctuations of income on a periodic basis that differ significantly from what would otherwise be recognized if the earnings were allocated under the relative ownership percentages between the Registrant Subsidiary and the tax equity investor. Entergy Arkansas and Entergy Mississippi have determined these differences are primarily due to timing, and both the APSC and the MPSC have approved that, for purposes of ratemaking, each Registrant Subsidiary reflect its interest in its respective partnership using its relative ownership percentage and disregard the effects of the HLBV method of accounting. Because of this, each Registrant Subsidiary has recorded a regulatory liability for the difference between the earnings allocated to it under the HLBV method of accounting and the earnings that would have been allocated to it under its respective ownership percentage in the partnership.

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Notes to Financial Statements

Derivative Financial Instruments and Commodity Derivatives

The accounting standards for derivative instruments require that all derivatives be recognized at fair value on the balance sheet, either as assets or liabilities, unless they meet various exceptions including the normal purchase/normal sale criteria. Due to regulatory treatment, an offsetting regulatory asset or liability is recorded for changes in fair value of recognized derivatives for the Registrant Subsidiaries.

Contracts for commodities that will be physically delivered in quantities expected to be used or sold in the ordinary course of business, including certain purchases and sales of power and fuel, meet the normal purchase, normal sales criteria and are not recognized on the balance sheet. Revenues and expenses from these contracts are reported on a gross basis in the appropriate revenue and expense categories as the commodities are received or delivered.

Entergy has determined that contracts to purchase uranium do not meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting standards for derivative instruments because they do not provide for net settlement and the uranium markets are not sufficiently liquid to conclude that forward contracts are readily convertible to cash. If the uranium markets do become sufficiently liquid in the future and Entergy begins to account for uranium purchase contracts as derivative instruments, the fair value of these contracts would be accounted for consistent with Entergy’s other derivative instruments. See Note 15 to the financial statements for further details on Entergy’s derivative instruments and hedging activities.

Fair Values

The estimated fair values of Entergy’s financial instruments and derivatives are determined using historical prices, bid prices, market quotes, and financial modeling. Considerable judgment is required in developing the estimates of fair value. Therefore, estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that Entergy could realize in a current market exchange. Gains or losses realized on financial instruments are reflected in future rates and therefore do not affect net income. Entergy considers the carrying amounts of most financial instruments classified as current assets and liabilities to be a reasonable estimate of their fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. See Note 15 to the financial statements for further discussion of fair value.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

Entergy periodically reviews long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that recoverability of these assets is uncertain. Generally, the determination of recoverability is based on the undiscounted net cash flows expected to result from such operations and assets. Projected net cash flows depend on the expected operating life of the assets, the future operating costs associated with the assets, the efficiency and availability of the assets and generating units, and the future market and price for energy and capacity over the remaining life of the assets.

Assets Held for Sale

A long-lived asset or component of an entity meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, generally, when management with requisite approvals commits to a plan to sell and it is probable that the sale will be completed within one year. When held for sale criteria is met, the assets and liabilities of the disposal group are separately presented as assets and liabilities held for sale on the balance sheet. Any long-lived assets of the disposal group are measured at the lower of their carrying value or their estimated fair value less costs to sell. If the disposal group meets the definition of a business, then a portion of any goodwill with that reporting unit is allocated to the disposal group based on the relative fair value of the components representing a business that will be retained and disposed.

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Notes to Financial Statements

As described in Note 14 to the financial statements, the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses met the criteria to be to classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2024, and were subsequently sold on July 1, 2025.

Reacquired Debt

The premiums and costs associated with reacquired debt of Entergy’s Utility operating companies and System Energy (except that portion allocable to the deregulated operations of Entergy Louisiana) are included in regulatory assets and are being amortized over the life of the related new issuances, or over the life of the original debt issuance if the debt is not refinanced, in accordance with ratemaking treatment.

Taxes Imposed on Revenue-Producing Transactions

Governmental authorities assess taxes that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction between a seller and a customer, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added, and some excise taxes. Entergy presents these taxes on a net basis, excluding them from revenues, unless required to report them differently by a regulatory authority.

New Accounting Pronouncements

The accounting standard-setting process is ongoing, and the FASB is currently working on several projects that have not yet resulted in final pronouncements. Final pronouncements that result from these projects could have a material effect on Entergy’s future results of operations, financial positions, or cash flows.

In March 2024 the SEC issued final rules that require registrants to provide certain climate-related disclosures in annual reports and registration statements in order to enhance and standardize climate-related disclosures for investors. The final rules require a registrant to disclose, among other things: material climate-related risks; activities to mitigate or adapt to such risks; information about the registrant’s board of directors’ oversight of climate-related risks and management’s role in managing material climate-related risks; and information on any climate-related targets or goals that are material to the registrant’s business, results of operations, or financial condition. In addition, the final rules require disclosure of Scope 1 and/or Scope 2 greenhouse gas emissions on a phased-in basis by certain larger registrants when those emissions are material; the filing of an attestation report covering the required disclosure of such registrant’s Scope 1 and/or Scope 2 emissions, also on a phased-in basis; and disclosure of the financial statement effects of severe weather events and other natural conditions. The final rules provide that the phase-in compliance period is effective for Entergy beginning with its annual report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. In April 2024 the SEC stayed the final rules, pending judicial review of consolidated challenges to the rules by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. In February 2025 then Acting SEC Chairman directed the SEC staff to request that the court not schedule the case for argument to provide time for the SEC to deliberate and determine the appropriate next steps in these cases. In March 2025 the SEC voted to end its defense of the final rules against parties that have legally challenged the rules. In April 2025 the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit ordered the litigation to be held in abeyance and directed the SEC to indicate within 90 days whether the SEC would reconsider or review the climate disclosure rules. In July 2025 the SEC submitted a status report to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit stating that it does not intend to review or reconsider its final rules at this time and requesting that the Court of Appeals terminate the abeyance and proceed with its judicial review of the case. In September 2025 the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit paused its consideration of legal challenges against the rules, pending further action by the SEC. Entergy will continue to monitor developments related to the SEC’s final rules on climate-related disclosures.

In November 2024 the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40).” The ASU is intended to improve disclosures around income statement expenses by requiring disaggregated information within the footnotes to the financial statements

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about specific expense categories in commonly presented income statement expense captions. ASU 2024-03 is effective for Entergy for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026. Entergy does not expect ASU 2024-03 to materially affect its results of operations, financial positions, or cash flows.

In September 2025 the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software.” The ASU is intended to improve the operability of the guidance around capitalizing development costs incurred for internal-use software by removing all references to software development project stages so that the guidance is neutral to different software development methods. Instead, entities will be required to start capitalizing software costs when management has authorized and committed to funding the project and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software used to perform the function intended.

In December 2025 the FASB issued ASU 2025-10, “Government Grants (Topic 832): Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities.” The ASU establishes the accounting for a government grant received by a business entity, including guidance for a grant related to an asset and a grant related to income. Currently, in the absence of specific guidance, many business entities look to other guidance within GAAP or in International Accounting Standards to account for government grants.

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NOTE 2. RATE AND REGULATORY MATTERS (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Regulatory Assets and Regulatory Liabilities

Regulatory assets represent incurred costs that have been deferred because they are probable of future recovery from customers through regulated rates. In addition to the regulatory assets and liabilities that are specifically disclosed on the face of the balance sheets, the tables below provide detail of “Other regulatory assets” and “Other regulatory liabilities” that are included on Entergy’s and the Registrant Subsidiaries’ balance sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 (as noted in footnotes to the tables, a portion of these regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities was classified as held for sale in the balance sheets as of December 31, 2024):

Other Regulatory Assets

Entergy

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Entergy Arkansas

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Entergy Louisiana

Entergy Mississippi

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Entergy New Orleans

Entergy Texas

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System Energy

(a)Does not earn a return on investment, but is offset by related liabilities.

(b)The regulatory asset represents the potential for the Registrant Subsidiaries to recover from customers the total deferred transaction and administrative costs and a market-based discount on the sale transactions.

(c)Does not earn a return on investment.

(d)Includes $35.4 million at Entergy, $8.9 million at Entergy Louisiana, and $23.7 million at Entergy New Orleans as of December 31, 2024 of regulatory assets related to the respective natural gas distribution businesses classified as held for sale and included within “Non-current assets held for sale” on the respective consolidated balance sheets. See Note 14 to the financial statements for further discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025 and the classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2024.

(e)Regulatory assets include the MSS-4 replacement tariff and the Unit Power Sales Agreement payments which are affiliate transactions and are eliminated in consolidation.

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Other Regulatory Liabilities

Entergy

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Entergy Arkansas

Entergy Louisiana

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Entergy Mississippi

Entergy New Orleans

Entergy Texas

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System Energy

(a)Offset by related asset.

(b)Includes $1.6 million at Entergy, $1.2 million at Entergy Louisiana, and $0.4 million at Entergy New Orleans as of December 31, 2024 of regulatory liabilities related to the respective natural gas distribution businesses classified as held for sale and included within other non-current liabilities on the respective consolidated balance sheets. See Note 14 to the financial statements for further discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025 and the classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2024.

(c)Regulatory liabilities include the MSS-4 replacement tariff and the Unit Power Sales Agreement payments which are affiliate transactions and are eliminated in consolidation.

Fuel and purchased power cost recovery

The Utility operating companies are allowed to recover fuel and purchased power costs through fuel mechanisms included in electric and gas rates that are recorded as fuel cost recovery revenues. The difference between revenues collected and the current fuel and purchased power costs is generally recorded as “Deferred fuel costs” on the Utility operating companies’ financial statements. The table below shows the amount of current deferred fuel costs as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 that each Utility operating company expects to recover (or return to customers) through fuel mechanisms, subject to subsequent regulatory review.

(a)Includes $0.7 million at Entergy Louisiana and $4.9 million at Entergy New Orleans as of December 31, 2024 of deferred fuel assets related to the respective natural gas distribution businesses classified as held for sale and included within “Current assets held for sale” on the respective consolidated balance sheets. See Note 14 to the financial statements for further discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025 and the classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2024.

In addition, Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans have $168.1 million and $4.1 million, respectively, classified as long-term deferred fuel costs for fuel, purchased power, and capacity costs, which do not currently earn a return on investment and whose recovery periods are indeterminate but are expected to be recovered over a period greater than twelve months, on their consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

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Entergy Arkansas

Energy Cost Recovery Rider

Entergy Arkansas’s retail rates include an energy cost recovery rider to recover fuel and purchased energy costs in monthly customer bills. The rider utilizes the prior calendar-year energy costs and projected energy sales for the twelve-month period commencing on April 1 of each year to develop an energy cost rate, which is redetermined annually and includes a true-up adjustment reflecting the over- or under-recovery, including carrying charges, of the energy costs for the prior calendar year. The energy cost recovery rider tariff also allows an interim rate request depending upon the level of over- or under-recovery of fuel and purchased energy costs.

In January 2014, Entergy Arkansas filed a motion with the APSC relating to its upcoming energy cost rate redetermination filing that was made in March 2014. In that motion, Entergy Arkansas requested that the APSC authorize Entergy Arkansas to exclude from the redetermination of its 2014 energy cost rate $65.9 million of incremental fuel and replacement energy costs incurred in 2013 as a result of the ANO stator incident. Entergy Arkansas requested that the APSC authorize Entergy Arkansas to retain that amount in its deferred fuel balance, with recovery to be reviewed in a later period after more information was available regarding various claims associated with the ANO stator incident. In February 2014 the APSC approved Entergy Arkansas’s request to retain that amount in its deferred fuel balance. In July 2017, Entergy Arkansas filed for a change in rates pursuant to its formula rate plan rider. In that proceeding, the APSC approved a settlement agreement agreed upon by the parties, including a provision that requires Entergy Arkansas to initiate a regulatory proceeding for the purpose of recovering funds currently withheld from rates and related to the stator incident, including the $65.9 million of deferred fuel and purchased energy costs and costs related to the incremental oversight previously noted, subject to certain timelines and conditions set forth in the settlement agreement. In October 2023, Entergy Arkansas made a commitment to the APSC to make a filing to forgo its opportunity to seek recovery of the incremental fuel and purchased energy expense, among other identified costs, resulting from the ANO stator incident. As a result, in third quarter 2023, Entergy Arkansas recorded a write-off of its regulatory asset for deferred fuel of $68.9 million, which includes interest, related to the ANO stator incident. Consistent with its October 2023 commitment, Entergy Arkansas filed a motion to forgo recovery in November 2023, and the motion was approved by the APSC in December 2023. See the “ANO Damage, Outage, and NRC Reviews” section in Note 8 to the financial statements for further discussion of the ANO stator incident and the approved motion to forgo recovery.

In March 2017, Entergy Arkansas filed its annual redetermination of its energy cost rate pursuant to the energy cost recovery rider, which reflected an increase in the rate from $0.01164 per kWh to $0.01547 per kWh. The APSC staff filed testimony in March 2017 recommending that the redetermined rate be implemented with the first billing cycle of April 2017 under the normal operation of the tariff. Accordingly, the redetermined rate went into effect on March 31, 2017 pursuant to the tariff. In July 2017 the Arkansas Attorney General requested additional information to support certain of the costs included in Entergy Arkansas’s 2017 energy cost rate redetermination.

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Subsequently in April 2018 the APSC issued an order declining to suspend Entergy Arkansas’s energy cost recovery rider rate and declining to require further investigation at that time of the issues suggested by the Attorney General in the proceeding. Following a period of discovery, the Attorney General filed a supplemental response in October 2018 raising new issues with Entergy Arkansas’s March 2018 rate redetermination and asserting that $45.7 million of the increase should be collected subject to refund pending further investigation. Entergy Arkansas filed to dismiss the Attorney General’s supplemental response, the APSC general staff filed a motion to strike the Attorney General’s filing, and the Attorney General filed a supplemental response disputing Entergy Arkansas and the APSC staff’s filing. Applicable APSC rules and processes authorize its general staff to initiate periodic audits of Entergy Arkansas’s energy cost recovery rider. The timing of the audit’s completion is uncertain at this time.

In March 2023, Entergy Arkansas filed its annual redetermination of its energy cost rate pursuant to the energy cost recovery rider, which reflected an increase in the rate from $0.01639 per kWh to $0.01883 per kWh. The primary reason for the rate increase was a large under-recovered balance as a result of higher natural gas prices in 2022 and a $32 million deferral related to the APSC general staff’s request in 2022 for Entergy Arkansas to defer its request for recovery related to the February 2021 winter storms until the 2023 energy cost rate redetermination. In February 2023 the APSC issued orders initiating proceedings to address the prudence of costs incurred and appropriate cost allocation of the February 2021 winter storms, and in September 2023 the APSC issued an order finding Entergy Arkansas’s practices during the February 2021 winter storms to be prudent. The under-recovered balance included in the March 2023 filing was partially offset by the proceeds of the $41.7 million refund that System Energy made to Entergy Arkansas in January 2023 related to the sale-leaseback renewal costs and depreciation litigation as calculated in System Energy’s January 2023 compliance report filed with the FERC. See “Complaints Against System Energy - Grand Gulf Sale-leaseback Renewal Complaint and Uncertain Tax Position Rate Base Issue” below for discussion of the compliance report filed by System Energy with the FERC in January 2023. The redetermined rate of $0.01883 per kWh became effective with the first billing cycle in April 2023 through the normal operation of the tariff.

In March 2024, Entergy Arkansas filed its annual redetermination of its energy cost rate pursuant to the energy cost recovery rider, which reflected a decrease in the rate from $0.01883 per kWh to $0.00882 per kWh. Due to a change in law in the State of Arkansas, the annual redetermination included $9 million, recorded as a credit to fuel expense in first quarter 2024, for recovery attributed to net metering costs in 2023. The primary reason for the rate decrease was a large over-recovered balance as a result of lower natural gas prices in 2023. To mitigate the effect of projected increases in natural gas prices in 2024, Entergy Arkansas adjusted the over-recovered balance included in the March 2024 annual redetermination filing by $43.7 million. This adjustment reduced the rate change that was reflected in the 2025 energy cost rate redetermination. The redetermined rate of $0.00882 per kWh became effective with the first billing cycle in April 2024 through the normal operation of the tariff.

In March 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed its annual redetermination of its energy cost rate pursuant to the energy cost recovery rider, which reflected an increase in the rate from $0.00882 per kWh to $0.01333 per kWh. The annual redetermination included a credit related to the remaining balance due to retail customers from the System Energy settlement with the APSC, plus carrying charges and interest. See “Retail Rate Proceedings - Filings with the APSC (Entergy Arkansas) - Retail Rates - Grand Gulf Credit Rider” below for further discussion. The primary reason for the rate increase was an adjustment to account for projected increases in natural gas prices in 2025. This adjustment is expected to reduce the rate change that will be reflected in Entergy Arkansas’s 2026 energy cost rate redetermination. The redetermined rate of $0.01333 per kWh became effective with the first billing cycle in April 2025 through the normal operation of the tariff.

Entergy Louisiana

Entergy Louisiana recovers electric fuel and purchased power costs for the billing month based upon the level of such costs incurred two months prior to the billing month. Entergy Louisiana’s purchased gas adjustments, which ceased following the sale of its natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025, included estimates for the

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billing month adjusted by a surcharge or credit that arose from an annual reconciliation of fuel costs incurred with fuel cost revenues billed to customers, including carrying charges. See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of Entergy Louisiana’s natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025.

In March 2020 the LPSC staff provided notice of an audit of Entergy Louisiana’s fuel adjustment clause filings. The next step is for the LPSC to issue its final report, but there is not a deadline or timing requirement associated with the issuance of the final report.

To mitigate high electric bills, primarily driven by high summer usage and elevated gas prices, Entergy Louisiana deferred approximately $225 million of fuel expense incurred in April, May, June, July, August, and September 2022 (as reflected on June, July, August, September, October, and November 2022 bills).

In January 2023 the LPSC staff provided notice of an audit of Entergy Louisiana’s fuel adjustment clause filings. The audit includes a review of the reasonableness of charges flowed through Entergy Louisiana’s fuel adjustment clause for the period from 2020 through 2022. Discovery is ongoing, and no audit report has been filed.

In June 2025 the LPSC staff provided notice of an audit of Entergy Louisiana’s purchased gas adjustment clause filings (for Entergy Louisiana’s gas operations).

Entergy Mississippi

Entergy Mississippi’s rate schedules include an energy cost recovery rider and a power management rider, both of which are adjusted annually to reflect accumulated over- or under-recoveries. Entergy Mississippi recovers fuel and purchased energy costs through its energy cost recovery rider and recovers costs associated with natural gas hedging and capacity payments through its power management rider. Entergy Mississippi’s fuel cost recoveries are subject to annual audits conducted pursuant to the authority of the MPSC.

See “Complaints Against System Energy - System Energy Settlement with the MPSC” below for discussion of the settlement agreement filed with the FERC in June 2022. The settlement, which was approved by the FERC in November 2022, provided for a refund of $235 million from System Energy to Entergy Mississippi. In July 2022 the MPSC directed the disbursement of settlement proceeds, ordering Entergy Mississippi to provide a one-time $80 bill credit to each of its approximately 460,000 retail customers to be effective during the September 2022 billing cycle and to apply the remaining proceeds to Entergy Mississippi’s under-recovered deferred fuel balance. In accordance with the MPSC’s directive, Entergy Mississippi provided approximately $36.7 million in customer bill credits as a result of the settlement. In November 2022, Entergy Mississippi applied the remaining settlement proceeds in the amount of approximately $198.3 million to Entergy Mississippi’s under-recovered deferred fuel balance.

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recovery of a higher natural gas price. Entergy Mississippi also proposed five monthly incremental adjustments to the power management adjustment factor designed to flow through to customers the over-recovered power management rider balance as of July 31, 2022. In October 2022 the MPSC approved modified interim adjustments to Entergy Mississippi’s energy cost recovery rider and power management rider. The MPSC approved dividing the energy cost recovery rider interim adjustment into two components that would allow Entergy Mississippi to (1) recover a natural gas fuel rate that is better aligned with current prices; and (2) recover the estimated under-recovered deferred fuel balance as of September 30, 2022 over a period of 20 months. The MPSC approved six monthly incremental adjustments to the net energy cost factor designed to reflect the recovery of a higher natural gas price. The MPSC also approved six monthly incremental adjustments to the power management adjustment factor designed to flow through to customers the over-recovered power management rider balance. In accordance with the order of the MPSC, Entergy Mississippi did not file an annual redetermination of the energy cost recovery rider or the power management rider in November 2022.

In June 2023 the MPSC approved the joint stipulation agreement between Entergy Mississippi and the Mississippi Public Utilities Staff for Entergy Mississippi’s 2023 formula rate plan filing. The stipulation directed Entergy Mississippi to make a compliance filing to revise its power management cost adjustment factor, to revise its grid modernization cost adjustment factor, and to include a revision to reduce the net energy cost factor to a level necessary to reflect an average natural gas price of $4.50 per MMBtu. The MPSC approved the compliance filing in June 2023, effective for July 2023 bills. See “Retail Rate Proceedings - Filings with the MPSC (Entergy Mississippi) - Retail Rates - 2023 Formula Rate Plan Filing” below for further discussion of the 2023 formula rate plan filing and the joint stipulation agreement.

In November 2023, Entergy Mississippi filed its annual redeterminations of the energy cost factor and the power management cost adjustment factor. The calculation of the annual factor for the energy cost recovery rider included a projected over-recovery balance of approximately $142 million as of January 31, 2024. The calculation of the annual factor for the power management rider included a projected under-recovery balance of $47 million as of January 31, 2024. In January 2024 the MPSC approved the proposed energy cost factor and the proposed power management cost factor effective for February 2024 bills.

In June 2024 the MPSC approved the joint stipulation agreement between Entergy Mississippi and the Mississippi Public Utilities Staff for Entergy Mississippi’s 2024 formula rate plan filing. The 2024 formula rate plan filing included the conclusion of the modified interim adjustments to Entergy Mississippi’s energy cost recovery rider and power management rider, which were approved in October 2022 and allowed Entergy Mississippi to recover certain under-collected fuel balances, effective for July 2024 bills. The stipulation provided for Entergy Mississippi to reduce its net energy cost factor. See “Retail Rate Proceedings - Filings with the MPSC (Entergy Mississippi) - Retail Rates - 2024 Formula Rate Plan Filing” below for further discussion of the 2024 formula rate plan filing and the joint stipulation agreement.

In November 2024, Entergy Mississippi filed its annual redeterminations of the energy cost factor and the power management cost adjustment factor. The calculation of the annual factor for the energy cost recovery rider included a projected over-recovery balance of approximately $144.6 million as of September 30, 2024. The calculation of the annual factor for the power management rider included a projected under-recovery balance of $60.1 million as of September 30, 2024. In January 2025 the MPSC approved a revised energy cost factor, effective for February 2025 bills, that did not reflect the fuel savings associated with Entergy Mississippi’s incremental increase in its share of capacity and energy in connection with Entergy Mississippi’s assumption of Entergy Louisiana’s entitlements to Grand Gulf capacity and energy, which was subject to the MPSC’s review at such time. In February 2025 the MPSC approved Entergy Mississippi’s notice of intent for Entergy Mississippi’s assumption of Entergy Louisiana’s entitlements to Grand Gulf capacity and energy, with associated fuel savings to be reflected in Entergy Mississippi’s energy cost recovery rider, effective for March 2025 bills. Additionally, in February 2025 the MPSC approved the proposed power management cost adjustment factor, effective for March 2025 bills.

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In November 2025, Entergy Mississippi filed its annual redeterminations of the energy cost factor and the power management cost adjustment factor. The calculation of the annual factor for the energy cost recovery rider included a projected over-recovery balance of approximately $21.5 million as of September 30, 2025. The calculation of the annual factor for the power management rider included a projected under-recovery balance of $9.3 million as of September 30, 2025. In January 2026 the MPSC approved the proposed energy cost factor effective for February 2026 bills. In January 2026 the MPSC also approved a power management cost factor effective for February 2026 bills, based on an under-recovery balance that was $4.8 million lower than the previously filed under-recovery balance, due to a rate mitigation adjustment that utilized, for the benefit of customers, certain liquidated damages payments received by Entergy Mississippi.

Entergy New Orleans

Entergy New Orleans’s electric rate schedules include a fuel adjustment tariff designed to reflect no more than targeted fuel and purchased power costs, adjusted by a surcharge or credit for deferred fuel expense arising from the monthly reconciliation of actual fuel and purchased power costs incurred with fuel cost revenues billed to customers, including carrying charges.

Entergy Texas

Entergy Texas’s rate schedules include a fixed fuel factor to recover fuel and purchased power costs, including interest, not recovered in base rates. Historically, semi-annual revisions of the fixed fuel factor have been made in March and September based on the market price of natural gas and changes in fuel mix. The amounts collected under Entergy Texas’s fixed fuel factor and any interim surcharge or refund are subject to fuel reconciliation proceedings before the PUCT. In July 2025 the PUCT initiated a rulemaking to effectuate the new legislation. In December 2025 the PUCT adopted amendments to its fuel rules that maintain a periodic revision to utility fuel factors coupled with accelerated processing of surcharges and refunds to address material over- and under-recovered amounts.

In September 2022, Entergy Texas filed an application with the PUCT to reconcile its fuel and purchased power costs for the period from April 2019 through March 2022. During the reconciliation period, Entergy Texas incurred approximately $1.7 billion in eligible fuel and purchased power expenses, net of certain revenues credited to such expenses and other adjustments. As of the end of the reconciliation period, Entergy Texas’s cumulative under-recovery balance was approximately $103.1 million, including interest, which Entergy Texas requested authority to carry over as the beginning balance for the subsequent reconciliation period beginning April 2022, pending future surcharges or refunds as approved by the PUCT. In November 2022 the PUCT referred the proceeding to the State Office of Administrative Hearings. In July 2023, Entergy Texas filed an unopposed settlement, supporting testimony, and an agreed motion to admit evidence and remand the proceeding to the PUCT. Pursuant to the unopposed settlement, Entergy Texas would receive no disallowance of fuel costs incurred over the three-year reconciliation period and retain $9.3 million in margins from off-system sales made during the reconciliation period, resulting in a cumulative under-recovery balance of approximately $99.7 million, including interest, as of the end of the reconciliation period. In July 2023 the ALJ with the State Office of Administrative Hearings granted the motion to admit evidence and remanded the proceeding to the PUCT for consideration of the unopposed settlement. The PUCT approved the settlement in September 2023.

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subsequent reconciliation period beginning April 2024. In March 2025, Texas Industrial Energy Consumers, an intervenor, filed testimony regarding the recovery of capacity costs for a certain power purchase agreement, arguing the capacity costs should be imputed and treated as non-reconcilable fuel expense, recovered in Entergy Texas’s base rates. In April 2025 the PUCT staff filed testimony and later in April 2025, Entergy Texas filed rebuttal testimony.

In December 2024, Entergy Texas filed an application with the PUCT to implement an interim fuel refund of $45.5 million, including interest. Entergy Texas proposed that the interim fuel refund be implemented over a three-month period beginning with the first billing cycle in February 2025 for residential and other small customers and through a one-time credit, or surcharge depending on historical usage for the respective customer, for certain transmission voltage level and seasonal agricultural customers in February 2025. Also in December 2024 the PUCT referred the proceeding to the State Office of Administrative Hearings. In January 2025 the ALJ with the State Office of Administrative Hearings issued an order approving the interim fuel refund consistent with Entergy Texas’s application and, because no hearing was requested in the proceeding, dismissing the case from the State Office of Administrative Hearings and the PUCT.

Retail Rate Proceedings

Filings with the APSC (Entergy Arkansas)

Retail Rates

2023 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In July 2023, Entergy Arkansas filed with the APSC its 2023 formula rate plan filing to set its formula rate for the 2024 calendar year. The filing contained an evaluation of Entergy Arkansas’s earnings for the projected year 2024 and a netting adjustment for the historical year 2022. The filing showed that Entergy Arkansas’s earned rate of return on common equity for the 2024 projected year was 8.11% resulting in a revenue deficiency of $80.5 million. The earned rate of return on common equity for the 2022 historical year was 7.29% resulting in a $49.8 million netting adjustment. The total proposed revenue change for the 2024 projected year and 2022 historical year netting adjustment was $130.3 million. By operation of the formula rate plan, Entergy Arkansas’s recovery of the revenue requirement is subject to a four percent annual revenue constraint. Because Entergy Arkansas’s revenue requirement in this filing exceeded the constraint, the resulting increase was limited to $88.6 million. The APSC general staff and intervenors filed their errors and objections report in October 2023, proposing certain adjustments, including the APSC general staff’s update to annual filing year revenues which lowers the constraint to $87.7 million. In October 2023, Entergy Arkansas filed with the APSC a settlement agreement reached with other parties resolving all issues in the proceeding, none of which affected Entergy Arkansas’s requested recovery up to the constraint of $87.7 million. The settlement agreement provided for amortization of the approximately $39 million regulatory asset for costs associated with the COVID-19 pandemic over a 10-year period as well as recovery of $34.9 million related to the resolution of the 2016 and 2017 IRS audits from previous tax positions that are no longer uncertain, partially offset by $24.7 million in excess accumulated deferred income taxes from reductions in state income tax rates, each before consideration of their respective tax gross-up. See Note 3 to the financial statements for further discussion of the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit and the State of Arkansas corporate income tax rate changes. In December 2023 the APSC approved the settlement agreement as being in the public interest and approved Entergy Arkansas’s compliance tariff effective with the first billing cycle of January 2024.

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2024 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In July 2024, Entergy Arkansas filed with the APSC its 2024 formula rate plan filing to set its formula rate for the 2025 calendar year. The filing contained an evaluation of Entergy Arkansas’s earnings for the 2025 projected year and a netting adjustment for the 2023 historical year. The filing showed that Entergy Arkansas’s earned rate of return on common equity for the 2025 projected year was 8.43% resulting in a revenue deficiency of $69.5 million. The earned rate of return on common equity for the 2023 historical year was 7.48% resulting in a $33.1 million netting adjustment. The total proposed revenue change for the 2025 projected year and 2023 historical year netting adjustment was $102.6 million. By operation of the formula rate plan, Entergy Arkansas’s recovery of the revenue requirement is subject to a four percent annual revenue constraint. Because Entergy Arkansas’s revenue requirement in this filing exceeded the constraint, the resulting increase was limited to $82.6 million. The APSC general staff and intervenors filed their errors and objections report in October 2024, proposing certain adjustments, including the APSC general staff’s update to annual filing year revenues that increases the constraint to $83.5 million. Entergy Arkansas filed its rebuttal in October 2024, and later in October 2024 the parties submitted a joint issues list and stipulations setting forth the disputed issues and the noncontested issues. Also in December 2024 the APSC approved Entergy Arkansas’s compliance tariff effective with the first billing cycle of January 2025. As a result of the proceeding, the total revenue change was $82.7 million, including a $63.7 million increase for the 2025 projected year and a $31.4 million netting adjustment for the 2023 historical year. In fourth quarter 2024, Entergy Arkansas recorded a regulatory asset of $15.5 million to reflect the amount of the 2023 historical year netting adjustment that it collected from its customers during the 2025 rate effective period. Pursuant to the terms of the parties’ stipulations, Entergy Arkansas made a filing with the APSC in January 2025 to refund customers $30.1 million in excess accumulated deferred income taxes resulting from the reduction in the State of Arkansas’s income tax rate from 4.8% to 4.3% in 2024. Entergy Arkansas began refunding this amount over a 24-month period effective with the first billing cycle of February 2025.

2025 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In July 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed with the APSC its 2025 formula rate plan filing to set its formula rate for the 2026 calendar year.  The filing contained an evaluation of Entergy Arkansas’s earnings for the 2026 projected year and a netting adjustment for the 2024 historical year.  The filing showed that Entergy Arkansas’s earned rate of return on common equity for the 2026 projected year was 8.45% resulting in a revenue deficiency of $68.9 million.  The earned rate of return on common equity for the 2024 historical year was 7.71% resulting in a $48.8 million netting adjustment.  The total proposed revenue change for the 2026 projected year and 2024 historical year netting adjustment was $117.7 million.  By operation of the formula rate plan, Entergy Arkansas’s recovery of the revenue requirement is subject to a four percent annual revenue constraint.  Because Entergy Arkansas’s revenue requirement in this filing exceeded the constraint, the resulting increase was limited to $92.3 million. The APSC general staff filed their errors and objections report in October 2025, proposing an adjustment to the coupon rate for the projected long-term debt issuance in 2026 and an update to annual filing year revenues that increases the constraint to $93.9 million. Entergy Arkansas filed its rebuttal in October 2025. A hearing was scheduled for November 2025, and an order was expected in December 2025. Due to no contested issues remaining outstanding among the parties to the proceeding, in October 2025, Entergy Arkansas and the APSC general staff filed a joint motion requesting the APSC cancel the hearing and issue a decision based on the pleadings and testimony in the record. The APSC granted this request. In December 2025 the APSC approved Entergy Arkansas’s request as modified by the APSC general staff’s errors and objections report and Entergy Arkansas’s rebuttal testimony. Also in December 2025 the APSC approved Entergy Arkansas’s compliance tariff effective with the first billing cycle of January 2026. As a result of the proceeding, the total revenue change was $93.9 million, including a $65.6 million increase for the 2026 projected year and a $48.8 million netting adjustment for the 2024 historical year. In fourth quarter 2025, Entergy Arkansas recorded a regulatory asset of $28.3 million

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to reflect the amount of the 2024 historical year netting adjustment that it expects to collect from its customers during the 2026 rate effective period.

Grand Gulf Credit Rider

In June 2024, Entergy Arkansas filed with the APSC a tariff to provide retail customers a credit resulting from the terms of the settlement agreement between Entergy Arkansas, System Energy, additional named Entergy parties, and the APSC pertaining to System Energy’s billings for wholesale sales of energy and capacity from the Grand Gulf nuclear plant. See “Complaints Against System Energy - System Energy Settlement with the APSC” below for discussion of the System Energy settlement with the APSC. In July 2024 the APSC approved the tariff, under which Entergy Arkansas would refund to retail customers a total of $100.6 million. Entergy Arkansas refunded $92.3 million of the total through one-time bill credits under the Grand Gulf credit rider during the August 2024 billing cycle. In March 2025, Entergy Arkansas included the remaining balance as a credit to retail customers in its energy cost recovery rider rate redetermination filing. See further discussion within "Regulatory Assets and Regulatory Liabilities - Fuel and purchased power cost recovery - Entergy Arkansas - Energy Cost Recovery Rider" above. In April 2025 the APSC approved Entergy Arkansas’s proposal to include the remaining balance in its energy cost recovery rider effective with the first billing cycle of April 2025 and the withdrawal of the Grand Gulf credit rider after all credits had been issued. Credits to retail customers were completed in second quarter 2025, and the Grand Gulf credit rider was subsequently withdrawn.

Generating Arkansas Jobs Act Rider

In March 2025 the State of Arkansas passed the Generating Arkansas Jobs Act of 2025, now Act 373 (Act 373), that authorizes the recovery of financing costs during construction of generation and transmission investments through a rider separate from the formula rate plan. Act 373 also permits cost recovery of those investments, when completed and in service, either through the next general rate case proceeding or under the formula rate plan. Act 373 streamlines and simplifies the regulatory approval process and provides increased timeliness and certainty of cost recovery.

In July 2025, Entergy Arkansas submitted a tariff filing with the APSC requesting approval of a strategic investment recovery rider, consistent with the provisions of Act 373. In October 2025 the APSC issued an order approving the proposed rider with several revisions, including elimination of an annual true-up adjustment, a change in cost allocation methodology, the removal of excess and deficient accumulated deferred income taxes to a separate rider, and the addition of reporting requirements. As directed by the order, in October 2025, Entergy Arkansas made a compliance filing. In November 2025, the APSC general staff recommended additional updates to the compliance filing, including limiting the accumulated deferred income tax adjustment to excess accumulated deferred income taxes. Also, in November 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed a second compliance filing, which was approved by the APSC.

Special Rate Contract and Arkansas Cypress Solar

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ratemaking treatment of Google’s upfront payments but reversing itself on the treatment of the Arkansas Cypress Solar facility investment tax credits and allowing those to be used in the pricing of the Arkansas Cypress Solar facility to Google as provided for in the contract.

In September 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed an application with the APSC seeking a certificate of environmental compatibility and public need for the construction and operation of the Arkansas Cypress Solar facility, a planned 600 MW solar photovoltaic array with a 350 MW battery energy storage system and associated transmission facilities interconnecting at Entergy Arkansas’s White Bluff substation. The estimated cost of the project is $1,602 million. Entergy Arkansas is seeking public interest and prudence findings from the APSC no later than 180 days from the filing, pursuant to Act 373 of 2025, to construct the Arkansas Cypress Solar facility in support of its long-term special rate contract with Google. In October 2025 the APSC general staff and the Arkansas Attorney General filed responsive testimony opposing the project cost and seeking additional information. Subsequently, the APSC general staff submitted supplemental testimony to update its initial conclusion and recommendations, noting that the Arkansas Cypress Solar facility is a reasonable project and recommending the APSC approve the project under certain conditions. Entergy Arkansas proposes to recover the costs of constructing the Arkansas Cypress Solar facility through the Generating Arkansas Jobs Act rider. A hearing was held in December 2025, and an APSC decision is due in March 2026. Subject to receipt of required regulatory approval and other conditions, the facility is expected to be in service by the end of 2028. See “Generating Arkansas Jobs Act Rider” above for discussion of the Generating Jobs Act rider, which was approved by the APSC in October 2025.

Filings with the LPSC (Entergy Louisiana)

Retail Rates - Electric

2022 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In May 2023, Entergy Louisiana filed its formula rate plan evaluation report for its 2022 calendar year operations. The 2022 test year evaluation report produced an earned return on common equity of 8.33%, requiring an approximately $70.7 million increase to base rider revenue. Due to a cap for the 2021 and 2022 test years, however, base rider formula rate plan revenues were only increased by approximately $4.9 million, resulting in a revenue deficiency of approximately $65.9 million and providing for prospective return on common equity opportunity of approximately 8.38%. Other changes in formula rate plan revenue driven by increases in capacity costs, primarily legacy capacity costs, additions eligible for recovery through the transmission recovery mechanism and distribution recovery mechanism, and higher sales during the test period were offset by reductions in net MISO costs as well as credits for FERC-ordered refunds. Also included in the 2022 test year distribution recovery mechanism revenue requirement was a $6 million credit relating to the distribution recovery mechanism performance accountability standards and requirements. In total, the net increase in formula rate plan revenues, including base formula rate plan revenues inside the formula rate plan bandwidth and subject to the cap, as well as other formula rate plan revenues outside of the bandwidth, was $85.2 million. In August 2023 the LPSC staff filed a list of objections/reservations, including outstanding issues from the test years 2017-2021 formula rate plan filings, the calculation of certain refunds from System Energy, and certain calculations relating to the tax reform adjustment mechanism. Subject to LPSC review, the resulting net increase in formula rate plan revenues of $85.2 million became effective for bills rendered during the first billing cycle of September 2023, subject to refund. In September 2024 the LPSC issued an order approving a settlement that resolved, with prejudice, all other issues identified by the staff in the matter and closed the docket. See “2023 Entergy Louisiana Rate Case and Formula Rate Plan Extension Request” below for further discussion.

2023 Entergy Louisiana Rate Case and Formula Rate Plan Extension Request

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through either: (1) extension of Entergy Louisiana’s current formula rate plan (with certain modifications) for three years (the Rate Mitigation Proposal), which was Entergy Louisiana’s recommended path; or (2) implementation of rates resulting from a cost-of-service study (the Rate Case path). The application complied with Entergy Louisiana’s previous formula rate plan extension order requiring that for Entergy Louisiana to obtain another extension of its formula rate plan that included a rate reset, Entergy Louisiana would need to submit a full cost-of-service rate case.

In July 2024, Entergy Louisiana reached an agreement in principle with the LPSC staff and the intervenors in the proceeding and filed with the LPSC a joint motion to suspend the procedural schedule to allow for all parties to finalize a stipulated settlement agreement.

In August 2024, Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff jointly filed a global stipulated settlement agreement for consideration by the LPSC with key terms as follows:

•continuation of the formula rate plan for 2024-2026 (test years 2023-2025);

•a base formula rate plan revenue increase of $120 million for test year 2023, effective for rates beginning September 2024;

•a $140 million cumulative cap on base formula rate plan revenue increases, if needed, for test years 2024 and 2025, excluding outside the bandwidth items;

•$184 million of customer rate credits to be given over two years, including increasing customer sharing of income tax benefits resulting from the 2016-2018 IRS audit, to resolve any remaining disputed issues stemming from formula rate plan test years prior to test year 2023, including but not limited to the investigation into Entergy Services costs billed to Entergy Louisiana. As discussed in Note 3 to the financial statements, a $38 million regulatory liability was recorded in 2023 in connection with the 2016-2018 IRS audit;

•$75.5 million of customer rate credits, as provided for in the System Energy global settlement, to be credited over three years subject to and conditioned upon FERC approval of the System Energy global settlement, which was approved in November 2024. See “Complaints Against System Energy – System Energy Settlement with the LPSC” below for further details of the System Energy global settlement;

•$5.8 million of customer rate credits provided for in the Entergy Louisiana formula rate plan global settlement agreement approved by the LPSC in November 2023 credited over one year. See “Formula Rate Plan Global Settlement” below for further discussion of the settlement;

•an increase in the allowed midpoint return on common equity from 9.5% to 9.7%, with a bandwidth of 40 basis points above and below the midpoint, for the extended term of the formula rate plan, except that for test year 2023 in which the authorized return on common equity shall have no bearing on the change in base formula rate plan revenue described above and, for test year 2024, any earnings above the authorized return on common equity shall be returned to customers through a credit;

•an increase in nuclear depreciation rates by $15 million in each of the 2023, 2024, and 2025 test years outside of the formula rate plan bandwidth calculation; and

•for the transmission recovery mechanism and the distribution recovery mechanism, no change to the existing floors, but the caps for both would be $350 million for test year 2023, $375 million for test year 2024, and $400 million for test year 2025. Transmission projects filed with the LPSC will be exempt from the transmission recovery mechanism cap.

The global stipulated settlement agreement was unanimously approved by the LPSC in August 2024 and an order was issued by the LPSC in September 2024 reflecting the approval of the settlement.

Based on the July 2024 agreement in principle, in second quarter 2024 Entergy Louisiana recorded expenses of $151 million ($112 million net-of-tax) primarily consisting of regulatory charges to reflect the effects of the agreement in principle.

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Formula Rate Plan Global Settlement

In October 2023 the LPSC staff and Entergy Louisiana reached a global settlement which resolved all outstanding issues related to the 2017, 2018, and 2019 formula rate plan filings and resolved certain issues with respect to the 2020 and 2021 formula rate plan filings. The settlement was approved by the LPSC in November 2023. The settlement resulted in a one-time cost of service credit to customers of $5.8 million, allowed Entergy Louisiana to retain approximately $6.2 million of securitization over-collection as recovery of a regulatory asset associated with late fees related to the 2016 Baton Rouge flood, and resulted in Entergy Louisiana recording the reversal of a $105.6 million regulatory liability, primarily associated with the Hurricane Isaac securitization, initially recognized in 2017 as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

2023 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In August 2024, pursuant to the global stipulated settlement agreement approved by the LPSC also in August 2024, Entergy Louisiana filed its formula rate plan evaluation report for its 2023 calendar year operations. Consistent with the global stipulated settlement agreement, the filing reflected a 9.7% allowed return on common equity with a bandwidth of 40 basis points above and below the midpoint. For the 2023 test year, however, the bandwidth provisions of the formula rate plan were temporarily suspended and, pursuant to the terms of the global stipulated settlement agreement, Entergy Louisiana implemented the September 2024 formula rate plan rate adjustments effective with the first billing cycle of September 2024. Those adjustments included a $120 million increase in base rider formula rate plan revenue and a $101.8 million one-time incremental net decrease consistent with the terms of the global stipulated settlement. The formula rate plan rate adjustments reflected in the evaluation report also include a redetermination of the transmission recovery mechanism, the distribution recovery mechanism, the additional capacity mechanism, the tax adjustment mechanism, the MISO cost recovery mechanism, and other one-time adjustments. In January 2025, Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC filed a joint report indicating that no disputed issues remained in the proceeding and requesting that the LPSC issue an order accepting Entergy Louisiana’s evaluation report and, ultimately, resolving this matter. In March 2025 the LPSC issued an order accepting the evaluation report.

In December 2024, pursuant to the terms of the global stipulated settlement agreement, Entergy Louisiana filed an interim rate adjustment for the 2023 test year reflecting the return of $25.1 million of refunds from the System Energy settlement with the LPSC to customers from January through August 2025. In February 2025, pursuant to the terms of the global stipulated settlement agreement, Entergy Louisiana filed a second interim rate adjustment for the 2023 test year reflecting the divestiture of Entergy Louisiana’s share of Grand Gulf capacity and energy, which was effective as of January 1, 2025. The second interim rate adjustment also reflected a revenue increase of $17.8 million for the recovery of Hurricane Francine costs as approved by the LPSC (on an interim basis). The second interim rate adjustment was implemented with the first billing cycle of March 2025. See further discussion of the Hurricane Francine proceeding in “Storm Cost Recovery Filings with Retail Regulators – Entergy Louisiana – Hurricane Francine” below.

2024 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In May 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed its formula rate plan evaluation report for its 2024 calendar year operations. Consistent with the global stipulated settlement agreement approved by the LPSC in August 2024, the filing reflected a 9.7% allowed return on common equity with a bandwidth of 40 basis points above and below the midpoint. For the test year 2024, however, any earnings above the allowed return on common equity were to be returned to customers through a credit, pursuant to the terms of the global stipulated settlement agreement. The 2024 test year evaluation produced an earned return on common equity of 9.98%, which was within the approved formula rate plan bandwidth, but above the allowed return on common equity, resulting in customer credits of $31.9 million which were returned to customers during September and October 2025.

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Other changes in formula rate plan revenue were driven by higher nuclear depreciation rates, additions to transmission and distribution plant in service reflected through the transmission recovery mechanism and distribution recovery mechanism, and the expiration of customer credits related to the LPSC’s order, offset by increased customer credits resulting from an increase in net MISO revenues reflected through the MISO cost recovery mechanism and the reduction in the Louisiana corporate income tax rate effective January 1, 2025, reflected through the tax adjustment mechanism, as discussed below. Excluding the customer credit for earnings above the authorized return on common equity discussed above, the net result of these changes on an annualized basis was a $2 million increase in formula rate plan revenue.

As noted above, the 2024 evaluation report included the effects of the change in Louisiana state tax law that reduced the corporate income tax rate to a flat 5.5% (from the then-current highest marginal rate of 7.5%) effective January 1, 2025. As such, the 2024 evaluation report reflected the calculation of current and deferred income tax expenses as well as the revaluation of accumulated deferred income taxes based on the income tax laws currently in effect. The 2024 evaluation report proposed that the rate effects associated with the revaluation of accumulated deferred income taxes, including the collection of any net accumulated deferred income tax deficiency and any related effects on rate base, should be reflected in the tax adjustment mechanism consistent with the treatment of similar Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and prior state tax change-related impacts. The effects of the change in tax law on Entergy Louisiana’s authorized return on rate base were also reflected in the 2024 evaluation report consistent with the treatment cited above, including a credit in the extraordinary cost change mechanism for the prospective change in Entergy Louisiana’s authorized return and a credit within the tax adjustment mechanism for over-collection of income tax expense through August 2025. Subject to LPSC review, the resulting changes from the 2024 formula rate plan evaluation report became effective for bills rendered during the first billing cycle of September 2025, subject to refund. In August 2025 the LPSC staff filed its errors and objections report, as required by the formula rate plan’s process, and found that Entergy Louisiana’s formula rate plan is in compliance with the LPSC’s requirements and the global stipulated settlement agreement. The LPSC staff reserved the right to determine whether Entergy Louisiana appropriately credited certain revenues to customers during the September and October 2025 billing cycles.

Additional Generation and Transmission Resources

In October 2024, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC seeking approval of a variety of generation and transmission resources proposed in connection with establishing service to a new data center to be developed by a subsidiary of Meta Platforms, Inc. in north Louisiana, for which an electric service agreement has been executed. The filing requested LPSC certification of three new combined cycle combustion turbine generation resources totaling 2,262 MW, each of which will be enabled for future carbon capture and storage, a new 500 kV transmission line, and 500 kV substation upgrades. Two of the new combined cycle combustion turbine generation resources are to be located at Franklin Farms in north Louisiana (Franklin Farms Power Station Units 1 and 2). The application also requested approval to implement a corporate sustainability rider applicable to the new customer. The corporate sustainability rider contemplates the new customer contributing to the costs of the future addition of 1,500 MW of new solar and energy storage resources, agreements involving carbon capture and storage at Entergy Louisiana’s existing Lake Charles Power Station, and potential future wind and nuclear resources. The combined cost of Franklin Farms Power Station Units 1 and 2 is estimated to be approximately $2,387 million. In testimony filed with its application, Entergy Louisiana noted that the third new generation resource, Waterford 5 Power Station, is expected to have an estimated cost similar to the cost of each of Franklin Farms Power Station Units 1 and 2. Also in its testimony, Entergy Louisiana noted that the cost of the new 500 kV transmission line is estimated to be $546 million. Entergy Louisiana anticipates funding the incremental cost to serve the customer through direct financial contributions from the customer and the revenues it expects to earn under the electric service agreement. The electric service agreement also contains provisions for termination payments that will help ensure that there is

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no harm to Entergy Louisiana and its customers in the event of early termination. A directive was issued at the LPSC’s November 2024 meeting for the matter to be decided by October 2025. In February 2025 intervenors filed a motion asking the LPSC to deny Entergy Louisiana’s requested exemption from the LPSC’s order addressing competitive solicitation procedures and further asking the LPSC to dismiss the application. The ALJ issued an order denying the motion to dismiss the application and deferring the LPSC’s consideration of the motion regarding the competitive solicitation procedures until the hearing. In March 2025 the same intervenors filed a motion requesting the LPSC to require the customer and its parent company to be joined as parties to the proceeding or dismiss the application. In April 2025 the ALJ issued an order denying the March 2025 motion, and the moving parties filed a motion asking the LPSC to review and reverse the ALJ’s decision.

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Filings with the MPSC (Entergy Mississippi)

Retail Rates

2023 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In March 2023, Entergy Mississippi submitted its formula rate plan 2023 test year filing and 2022 look-back filing showing Entergy Mississippi’s earned return on rate base for the historical 2022 calendar year to be below the formula rate plan bandwidth and projected earned return for the 2023 calendar year to be below the formula rate plan bandwidth. The 2023 test year filing showed a $39.8 million rate increase was necessary to reset Entergy Mississippi’s earned return on rate base to the specified point of adjustment of 6.67%, within the formula rate plan bandwidth. The 2022 look-back filing compared actual 2022 results to the approved benchmark return on rate base and reflected the need for a $19.8 million temporary increase in formula rate plan revenues, including the refund of a $1.3 million over-recovery resulting from the demand-side management costs true-up for 2022. In fourth quarter 2022, Entergy Mississippi recorded a regulatory asset of $18.2 million in connection with the look-back feature of the formula rate plan to reflect that the 2022 estimated earned return was below the formula rate plan bandwidth. In accordance with the provisions of the formula rate plan, Entergy Mississippi implemented a $27.9 million interim rate increase, reflecting a cap equal to 2% of 2022 retail revenues, effective in April 2023.

In May 2023, Entergy Mississippi and the Mississippi Public Utilities Staff entered into a joint stipulation that confirmed a 2023 test year filing resulting in a total revenue increase of $26.5 million for 2023. Pursuant to the joint stipulation, Entergy Mississippi’s 2022 look-back filing reflected an earned return on rate base of 6.10% in calendar year 2022, which was below the look-back bandwidth, resulting in a $19.0 million increase in the formula rate plan revenues on an interim basis through June 2024. Entergy Mississippi recorded a regulatory credit of $0.8 million in June 2023 to reflect the increase in the look-back regulatory asset. In addition, certain long-term service agreement and conductor handling costs were authorized for realignment from the formula rate plan to the annual power management and grid modernization riders effective January 2023, resulting in regulatory credits recorded in June 2023 of $4.1 million and $4.3 million, respectively. Also, the amortization of Entergy Mississippi’s COVID-19 bad debt expense deferral was suspended for calendar year 2023, but resumed in July 2024. In June 2023 the MPSC approved the joint stipulation with rates effective in July 2023.

2024 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In March 2024, Entergy Mississippi submitted its formula rate plan 2024 test year filing and 2023 look-back filing showing Entergy Mississippi’s earned return on rate base for the historical 2023 calendar year to be within the formula rate plan bandwidth and projected earned return for the 2024 calendar year to be below the formula rate plan bandwidth. The 2024 test year filing showed a $63.4 million rate increase was necessary to reset Entergy Mississippi’s earned return on rate base to the specified point of adjustment of 7.10%, within the formula rate plan bandwidth. In accordance with the provisions of the formula rate plan, Entergy Mississippi implemented a $32.6 million interim rate increase, reflecting a cap equal to 2% of 2023 retail revenues, effective April 2024.

In December 2014 the MPSC ordered Entergy Mississippi to file an updated depreciation study at least once every four years. Pursuant to this order and Entergy Mississippi’s filing cycle, Entergy Mississippi would have filed an updated depreciation report with its formula rate plan filing in 2023. However, in July 2022 the MPSC directed Entergy Mississippi to file its next depreciation study in connection with its 2024 formula rate plan filing notwithstanding the MPSC’s prior order. Accordingly, Entergy Mississippi filed a depreciation study in February 2024. The study showed a need for an increase in annual depreciation expense of $55.2 million. The calculated increase in annual depreciation expense was excluded from Entergy Mississippi’s 2024 formula rate plan revenue increase request because the MPSC had not yet approved the proposed depreciation rates.

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After performance adjustments, the formula rate plan reflected an earned return on rate base of 6.08% for calendar year 2024, which resulted in a total revenue increase of $64.6 million for 2024. The joint stipulation also recommended approval of a revised customer charge of $31.82 per month for residential customers and $53.10 per month for general service customers. Pursuant to the stipulation, Entergy Mississippi’s 2023 look-back filing reflected an earned return on rate base of 6.81%, resulting in an increase of $0.3 million in the formula rate plan revenues for 2023. Finally, the stipulation recommended approval of Entergy Mississippi’s proposed depreciation rates with those rates to be implemented upon request and approval at a later date. In June 2024 the MPSC approved the joint stipulation with rates effective in July 2024. The approval also included a reduction to the energy cost factor, resulting in a net bill decrease for a typical residential customer using 1,000 kWh per month. Also in June 2024, Entergy Mississippi recorded regulatory credits of $7.3 million to reflect the difference between interim rates placed in effect in April 2024 and the rates reflected in the joint stipulation.

2025 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In February 2025, Entergy Mississippi submitted its formula rate plan 2025 test year filing and 2024 look-back filing showing Entergy Mississippi’s earned return on rate base for the historical 2024 calendar year to be within the formula rate plan bandwidth and projected earned return for the 2025 calendar year to also be within the formula rate plan bandwidth. The 2025 test year filing resulted in an earned return on rate base of 7.64% and reflected no change in formula rate plan revenues. The 2024 look-back filing compared actual 2024 results to the approved benchmark return on rate base and reflected no change in formula rate plan revenues, although Entergy Mississippi proposed to adjust interim rates by $135 thousand to reflect two outside-the-bandwidth changes: (1) the completion of Entergy Mississippi’s return to customers of credits under its restructuring credit rider; and (2) a true-up of demand side management costs.

The formula rate plan reflected an earned return on rate base of 7.68% for calendar year 2025, resulting in no change in formula rate plan revenues for 2025. Pursuant to the stipulation, Entergy Mississippi’s 2024 look-back filing reflected an earned return on rate base of 7.55%, which also resulted in no change in formula rate plan revenues for 2024. In addition, the stipulation included the recovery of the two outside-the-bandwidth changes discussed above as well as the ratemaking treatment of customer contributions, deferred revenue and prepaid contributions in aid of construction. In June 2025 the MPSC approved the joint stipulation with rates effective in July 2025.

Interim Facilities Rate Adjustments to the Formula Rate Plan

In May 2024, Entergy Mississippi received approval from the MPSC for formula rate plan revisions that were necessary for Entergy Mississippi to comply with state legislation passed in January 2024. The legislation allows Entergy Mississippi to make interim rate adjustments to recover the non-fuel related annual ownership cost of certain facilities that directly or indirectly provide service to customers who own certain data processing center projects as specified in the legislation. Entergy Mississippi filed the first of its annual interim facilities rate adjustment reports in May 2024 to recover approximately $8.7 million of these costs over a six-month period with rates effective the first billing cycle of July 2024. Entergy Mississippi filed its second annual interim facilities rate adjustment report in November 2024 to recover approximately $46.7 million of these costs over a 12-month period with rates effective the first billing cycle of January 2025. In February 2025, Entergy Mississippi filed a true-up interim facilities rate adjustment report to the initial annual interim facilities rate adjustment report filed in May 2024, reflecting the recovery of an additional approximately $1.0 million of costs over a 12-month period with rates effective with the first billing cycle of April 2025. Entergy Mississippi filed its third annual interim facilities rate adjustment report in November 2025 to recover approximately $111.3 million of these costs over a 12-month

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period, or approximately $64.7 million incremental to the second annual interim facilities rate adjustment report filed in November 2024, with rates effective the first billing cycle of January 2026.

Grand Gulf Capacity Filing

In September 2024, Entergy Mississippi filed a notice of intent with the MPSC to implement revisions to its unit power cost recovery rider that would allow Entergy Mississippi to recover the first year of costs associated with the transfer of Entergy Louisiana’s entitlements to Grand Gulf capacity and energy, which consists of Entergy Louisiana’s interest in and purchases of Grand Gulf capacity and energy under the revised rider schedule, effective by January 1, 2025. This notice filing related to the divestiture of Entergy Louisiana’s 14% share of Grand Gulf capacity and energy under the Unit Power Sales Agreement and 2.43% share of capacity and energy from Entergy Arkansas under the MSS-4 replacement tariff. This divestiture was effectuated initially through Entergy Mississippi’s purchases from Entergy Louisiana pursuant to a PPA governed by the MSS-4 replacement tariff, a tariff governing the sales of energy and capacity among the Utility operating companies as described in the System Energy global settlement with the LPSC and Entergy Louisiana. The MSS-4 replacement PPA to effectuate this divestiture was approved by the FERC in November 2024. In February 2025 the MPSC approved Entergy Mississippi’s notice of intent, finding that it was just and reasonable for Entergy Mississippi to obtain Entergy Louisiana’s entitlements to Grand Gulf capacity and energy and that Entergy Mississippi should be allowed to recover the costs associated with the transfer of such entitlements to Grand Gulf capacity and energy, as described above. The MPSC approved the MSS-4 replacement PPA, effective as of January 1, 2025. An amended Unit Power Sales Agreement became effective as of October 1, 2025, which removed Entergy Louisiana from the entitlement and responsibility to purchase power from Grand Gulf. Thus on October 1, 2025, the MSS-4 replacement PPA was terminated. See “Complaints Against System Energy – System Energy Settlement with the LPSC” below for further details of the System Energy global settlement with the LPSC and Note 8 to the financial statements for discussion of the amendment to the Unit Power Sales Agreement.

Additional Generation and Transmission Resources

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Filings with the City Council (Entergy New Orleans)

Retail Rates

2023 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In April 2023, Entergy New Orleans submitted to the City Council its formula rate plan 2022 test year filing. The 2022 test year evaluation report produced an electric earned return on equity of 7.34% and a gas earned return on equity of 3.52% compared to the authorized return on equity for each of 9.35%. Entergy New Orleans sought approval of a $25.6 million rate increase based on the formula set by the City Council in the 2018 rate case. The formula would result in an increase in authorized electric revenues of $17.4 million and an increase in authorized gas revenues of $8.2 million. Entergy New Orleans also sought to commence collecting $3.4 million in electric revenues that were previously approved by the City Council for collection through the formula rate plan. In July 2023, Entergy New Orleans filed a report to decrease its requested formula rate plan revenues by approximately $0.5 million to account for minor errors discovered after the filing. The City Council advisors issued a report seeking a reduction in the requested formula rate plan revenues of approximately $8.3 million, combined for electric and gas, due to alleged errors. The City Council advisors proposed additional rate mitigation in the amount of $12 million through offsets to the formula rate plan rate increase by certain regulatory liabilities. In September 2023 the City Council approved an agreement to settle the 2023 formula rate plan filing. Effective with the first billing cycle of September 2023, Entergy New Orleans implemented rates reflecting an amount agreed upon by Entergy New Orleans and the City Council, per the approved process for formula rate plan implementation. The agreement provided for a total increase in electric revenues of $10.5 million and a total increase in gas revenues of $6.9 million. The agreement also provided for a minor storm accrual of $0.5 million per year and the distribution of $8.9 million of then-held customer credits to implement the City Council advisors’ mitigation recommendations.

Request for Extension and Modification of Formula Rate Plan

In September 2023, Entergy New Orleans filed a motion seeking City Council approval of a three-year extension of Entergy New Orleans’s electric and gas formula rate plans. In October 2023 the City Council granted Entergy New Orleans’s request for an extension, subject to minor modifications which included a 55% equity ratio for rate setting purposes.

2024 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In April 2024, Entergy New Orleans submitted to the City Council its formula rate plan 2023 test year filing. Without the requested rate change in 2024, the 2023 test year evaluation report produced an electric earned return on equity of 8.66% and a gas earned return on equity of 5.87% compared to the authorized return on equity for each of 9.35%. Entergy New Orleans sought approval of a $12.6 million rate increase based on the formula set by the City Council in the 2018 rate case and approved again by the City Council in 2023. The formula would result in an increase in authorized electric revenues of $7.0 million and an increase in authorized gas revenues of $5.6 million. Following City Council review, the City Council’s advisors issued a report in July 2024 seeking a reduction in Entergy New Orleans’s requested formula rate plan revenues in an aggregate amount of approximately $1.6 million for electric and gas together due to alleged errors. Effective with the first billing cycle of September 2024, Entergy New Orleans implemented rates reflecting an amount agreed upon by Entergy New Orleans and the City Council, per the approved process for formula rate plan implementation. The total formula rate plan increase implemented was $11.2 million, which included an increase of $5.8 million in electric revenues and an increase of $5.4 million in gas revenues.

2025 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In April 2025, Entergy New Orleans submitted to the City Council its formula rate plan 2024 test year filing. The 2024 evaluation report produced an electric earned return on equity of 10.98% compared to the

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authorized return on equity of 9.35%. Without adjustments, this would have resulted in a decrease in electric rates of $13.8 million. The decrease in electric rates was driven by the realignment of regulatory liabilities into the formula from a separate rate mechanism, partially offset by the cost of known and measurable electric capital additions. The filing also commenced the previously authorized recovery of certain regulatory costs and requested a revenue-neutral recovery to offset a proposed reduction in bill payment late fees. Taking into account these proposed adjustments, the filing presented a decrease in authorized electric revenues of $8.6 million. The City Council’s advisors issued a report in July 2025 seeking a reduction in Entergy New Orleans’s requested electric formula rate plan revenues of approximately $7.2 million due to certain proposed cost realignments and disallowances, of which $4.1 million was associated with Entergy New Orleans’s proposed implementation, on a revenue neutral basis, of a proposed reduction in customer late fees. The City Council’s advisors also proposed rate mitigation in the amount of $4.4 million through offsets to the formula rate plan funded by certain regulatory liabilities. Effective with the first billing cycle of September 2025, Entergy New Orleans implemented rates reflecting an amount agreed upon by Entergy New Orleans and the City Council, per the approved process for formula rate implementation. The electric formula rate plan decrease implemented was $19.2 million.

Filings with the PUCT and Texas Cities (Entergy Texas)

Retail Rates

2022 Base Rate Case

In July 2022, Entergy Texas filed a base rate case with the PUCT seeking a net increase in base rates of approximately $131.4 million. The base rate case was based on a 12-month test year ending December 31, 2021. Key drivers of the requested increase were changes in depreciation rates as the result of a depreciation study and an increase in the return on equity. In addition, Entergy Texas included capital additions placed into service for the period of January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2021, including those additions reflected in the then-effective distribution and transmission cost recovery factor riders and the generation cost recovery rider, all of which were reset to zero in June 2023 as a result of this proceeding. In July 2022 the PUCT referred the proceeding to the State Office of Administrative Hearings. In October 2022 intervenors filed direct testimony challenging and supporting various aspects of Entergy Texas’s rate case application. The key issues addressed included the appropriate return on equity, generation plant deactivations, depreciation rates, and proposed tariffs related to electric vehicles. In November 2022 the PUCT staff filed direct testimony addressing a similar set of issues and recommending a reduction of $50.7 million to Entergy Texas’s overall cost of service associated with the requested net increase in base rates of approximately $131.4 million. Entergy Texas filed rebuttal testimony in November 2022.

In May 2023, Entergy Texas filed on behalf of the parties an unopposed settlement resolving all issues in the proceeding, except for issues related to electric vehicle charging infrastructure which were eventually severed to a separate proceeding and resolved in October 2024, and Entergy Texas filed an agreed motion for interim rates, subject to refund or surcharge to the extent that the interim rates differ from the final approved rates. The unopposed settlement reflected a net base rate increase to be effective and relate back to December 2022 of $54 million, exclusive of, and incremental to, the costs being realigned from the distribution and transmission cost recovery factor riders and the generation cost recovery rider and $4.8 million of rate case expenses to be recovered through a rider over a period of 36 months. The net base rate increase of $54 million includes updated depreciation rates and a total annual revenue requirement of $14.5 million for the accrual of a self-insured storm reserve and the recovery of the regulatory assets for the pension and postretirement benefits expense deferral, costs associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, and retired non-advanced metering system electric meters. Concurrently, Entergy Texas recorded the reversal of $21.9 million of regulatory liabilities to reflect the recognition of certain receipts by Entergy Texas under affiliated PPAs that have been resolved.

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Following the PUCT’s approval of the unopposed settlement in August 2023, Entergy Texas recorded a regulatory liability of $10.3 million, which reflected the net effects of higher depreciation and amortizations for the relate back period, partially offset by the relate back of base rate revenues that would have been collected had the approved rates been in effect for the period from December 2022 through June 2023, the date the new base rates were implemented on an interim basis. In October 2023, Entergy Texas filed a relate back surcharge rider to collect over six months beginning in January 2024 an additional approximately $24.6 million, which was the revenue requirement associated with the relate back of rates from December 2022 through June 2023, including carrying costs, as authorized by the PUCT’s August 2023 order. In November 2023, Entergy Texas filed an amended relate back surcharge rider to collect approximately $24.1 million based on a revised carrying cost rate.

Distribution Cost Recovery Factor (DCRF) Rider

In June 2024, Entergy Texas filed with the PUCT a request to set a new DCRF rider. The new rider was designed to collect from Entergy Texas’s retail customers approximately $40.3 million annually based on its capital invested in distribution between January 1, 2022 and March 31, 2024. In September 2024 the PUCT approved the DCRF rider, consistent with Entergy Texas’s as-filed request, and rates became effective with the first billing cycle in October 2024.

In September 2024, Entergy Texas filed with the PUCT a request to amend its DCRF rider. The amended rider was designed to collect from Entergy Texas’s retail customers approximately $48.9 million annually, or $8.6 million in incremental annual revenues beyond Entergy Texas’s then-effective DCRF rider based on its capital invested in distribution between April 1, 2024 and June 30, 2024. In December 2024, Entergy Texas filed an errata to revise its DCRF application for minor corrections, which decreased the requested annual revenue requirement to $48.5 million. The amended request represented an incremental increase of $8.2 million in annual revenues beyond Entergy Texas’s then-effective DCRF rider. Also in December 2024 the PUCT approved the DCRF rider, consistent with Entergy Texas’s filed errata, and rates became effective on December 20, 2024.

In April 2025, Entergy Texas filed with the PUCT a request to amend its DCRF rider. The amended rider was designed to collect from Entergy Texas’s retail customers approximately $77.8 million annually, or $29.3 million in incremental annual revenues beyond Entergy Texas’s then-effective DCRF rider based on its capital invested in distribution between July 1, 2024 and December 31, 2024, including distribution-related restoration costs associated with Hurricane Beryl. In June 2025 the PUCT approved the DCRF rider, consistent with Entergy Texas’s as-filed request, and rates became effective on June 25, 2025.

In September 2025, Entergy Texas filed with the PUCT a request to amend its DCRF rider. The amended rider was designed to collect from Entergy Texas’s retail customers approximately $94.7 million annually, or $16.9 million in incremental annual revenues beyond Entergy Texas’s then-effective DCRF rider based on its capital invested in distribution between January 1, 2025 and June 30, 2025. In November 2025, Entergy Texas filed an errata to revise its DCRF application for minor corrections, which decreased the requested annual revenue requirement to $92.1 million. The amended request represented an incremental increase of $14.3 million in annual revenues beyond Entergy Texas’s then-effective DCRF filing. In December 2025 the PUCT approved the DCRF rider, consistent with Entergy Texas’s filed errata, and rates became effective on December 15, 2025.

Transmission Cost Recovery Factor (TCRF) Rider

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testimony proposing a load growth adjustment, which would fully offset Entergy Texas’s proposed TCRF revenue requirement. In July 2019 the PUCT granted Entergy Texas’s application as filed to begin recovery of the requested $2.7 million annual revenue requirement, rejecting opposing parties’ proposed adjustment; however, the PUCT found that the question of prudence of the actual investment costs should be determined in Entergy Texas’s next rate case similar to the procedure used for the costs recovered through the DCRF rider. In October 2019 the PUCT issued an order on a motion for rehearing, clarifying and affirming its prior order granting Entergy Texas’s application as filed. Also in October 2019 a second motion for rehearing was filed, and Entergy Texas filed a response in opposition to the motion. The second motion for rehearing was overruled by operation of law. In December 2019, Texas Industrial Energy Consumers filed an appeal to the PUCT order in district court alleging that the PUCT erred in declining to apply a load growth adjustment.

The amended rider was designed to collect from Entergy Texas’s retail customers approximately $9.7 million annually based on its capital invested in transmission between January 1, 2022 and June 30, 2024 and changes in other transmission charges. In April 2025 the PUCT approved the TCRF rider, consistent with Entergy Texas’s as-filed request, and rates became effective for usage on and after April 7, 2025.

In October 2025, Entergy Texas filed with the PUCT a request to amend its TCRF rider. The proposed rider is designed to collect from Entergy Texas’s retail customers approximately $30.3 million annually, or $20.6 million in incremental annual revenues beyond Entergy Texas’s currently effective TCRF rider based on its capital invested in transmission between July 1, 2024 and June 30, 2025 and changes in other transmission charges. In January 2026 the PUCT staff filed a recommendation that the PUCT approve Entergy Texas’s as-filed application.

Generation Cost Recovery Rider

In December 2020, Entergy Texas also filed an application to amend its generation cost recovery rider to reflect its acquisition of the Hardin County Peaking Facility, which closed in June 2021. Because the facility was to be acquired in the future, the initial generation cost recovery rider rates proposed in the application represented no change from the generation cost recovery rider rates established in Entergy Texas’s previous generation cost recovery rider proceeding. In July 2021 the PUCT issued an order approving the application. In August 2021, Entergy Texas filed an update application to recover its actual investment in the acquisition of the Hardin County Peaking Facility, and in January 2022, Entergy Texas filed an update to its application to align the requested revenue requirement with the terms of the generation cost recovery rider settlement approved by the PUCT in January 2022. In April 2022, Entergy Texas filed on behalf of the parties a unanimous settlement agreement that would adjust its generation cost recovery rider to recover an annual revenue requirement of approximately $92.8 million, which was $4.5 million in incremental annual revenue above the revenue requirement approved in January 2022 described above and related to Entergy Texas’s investment in the Montgomery County Power Station. The PUCT approved the settlement agreement and rates became effective in August 2022. In September 2022, Entergy Texas filed a relate-back rider designed to collect over three months an additional approximately $5.7 million, which is the revenue requirement, plus carrying costs, associated with Entergy Texas’s acquisition of Hardin County Peaking Facility from June 2021 through August 2022 when the updated revenue requirement took effect. In April 2023 the PUCT approved Entergy Texas’s as-filed request with rates effective over three months beginning in May 2023.

Entergy Arkansas Opportunity Sales Proceeding

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the System Agreement that prohibited sales to third parties by individual companies absent an offer of a right-of-first-refusal to other Utility operating companies. The LPSC’s complaint challenged sales made beginning in 2002 and requested refunds. In July 2009 the Utility operating companies filed a response to the complaint arguing among other things that the System Agreement contemplated that the Utility operating companies may make sales to third parties for their own account, subject to the requirement that those sales be included in the load (or load shape) for the applicable Utility operating company. The FERC subsequently ordered a hearing in the proceeding.

The FERC issued a decision in June 2012 and held that, while the System Agreement was ambiguous, it did provide authority for individual Utility operating companies to make opportunity sales for their own account and Entergy Arkansas made and priced these sales in good faith. The FERC further found that the after-the-fact accounting methodology used to allocate the energy used to supply the sales was inconsistent with the System Agreement. The FERC in its decision established further hearing procedures to quantify the effect of repricing the opportunity sales in accordance with the FERC’s June 2012 decision. The hearing was held in May 2013 and the ALJ issued an initial decision in August 2013.

In April 2016 the FERC issued orders addressing requests for rehearing filed in July 2012 and the ALJ’s August 2013 initial decision. The first order denied Entergy’s request for rehearing and affirmed the FERC’s earlier rulings that Entergy’s original methodology for allocating energy costs to the opportunity sales was incorrect and, as a result, Entergy Arkansas must make payments to the other Utility operating companies to put them in the same position that they would have been in absent the incorrect allocation. The FERC clarified that interest should be included with the payments. The second order affirmed in part, and reversed in part, the rulings in the ALJ’s August 2013 initial decision regarding the methodology that should be used to calculate the payments Entergy Arkansas is to make to the other Utility operating companies. The FERC affirmed the ALJ’s ruling that a full re-run of intra-system bills should be performed but required that methodology be modified so that the sales have the same priority for purposes of energy allocation as joint account sales. The FERC reversed the ALJ’s decision that any payments by Entergy Arkansas should be reduced by 20%. The FERC also reversed the ALJ’s decision that adjustments to other System Agreement service schedules and excess bandwidth payments should not be taken into account when calculating the payments to be made by Entergy Arkansas. The FERC held that such adjustments and excess bandwidth payments should be taken into account but ordered further proceedings before an ALJ to address whether a cap on any reduction due to bandwidth payments was necessary and to implement the other adjustments to the calculation methodology.

In August 2017 the Utility operating companies, the LPSC, the APSC, and FERC staff filed individual briefs on exceptions challenging various aspects of the initial decision. In September 2017 the Utility operating companies, the LPSC, the APSC, the MPSC, the City Council, and FERC staff filed separate briefs opposing exceptions taken by various parties.

Based on testimony previously submitted in the case and its assessment of the April 2016 FERC orders, in the first quarter 2016, Entergy Arkansas recorded a liability of $87 million, which included interest, for its estimated increased costs and payment to the other Utility operating companies, and a deferred fuel regulatory asset of $75 million. Following its assessment of the course of the proceedings, including the FERC’s denial of rehearing in November 2017 described above, in the fourth quarter 2017, Entergy Arkansas recorded an additional liability of $35 million and a regulatory asset of $31 million.

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Entergy Arkansas’s payment. The FERC affirmed on other grounds the ALJ’s rejection of the LPSC’s claim that certain joint account sales should be accounted for as part of the calculation of Entergy Arkansas’s payment. In November 2018 the LPSC requested rehearing of the FERC’s October 2018 decision. In December 2019 the FERC denied the LPSC’s request for rehearing.

In December 2018, Entergy made a compliance filing in response to the FERC’s October 2018 order. The compliance filing provided a final calculation of Entergy Arkansas’s payments to the other Utility operating companies, including interest. Refunds and interest, totaling $135 million, were paid by Entergy Arkansas to the other operating companies in December 2018.

Entergy Arkansas previously recognized a regulatory asset with a balance of $116 million as of December 31, 2018 for a portion of the payments due as a result of this proceeding.

The FERC’s opportunity sales orders were appealed to the D.C. Circuit. In February 2020 all of the appeals were consolidated and in April 2020 the D.C. Circuit established a briefing schedule. Briefing was completed in September 2020 and oral argument was heard in December 2020. In July 2021 the D.C. Circuit issued a decision denying all of the petitions for review filed in response to the FERC’s opportunity sales orders.

In May 2019, Entergy Arkansas filed an application and supporting testimony with the APSC requesting approval of a special rider tariff to recover the costs of these payments from its retail customers over a 24-month period. filed testimony opposing the recovery by Entergy Arkansas of the opportunity sales payment but also claiming that certain components of the payment should be segregated and refunded to customers. In March 2020, Entergy Arkansas filed rebuttal testimony.

In July 2020 the APSC issued a decision finding that Entergy Arkansas’s application is not in the public interest. The order also directed Entergy Arkansas to refund to its retail customers within 30 days of the order the FERC-determined over-collection of $13.7 million, plus interest, associated with a recalculated bandwidth remedy. In addition to these primary findings, the order also denied the Attorney General’s request for Entergy Arkansas to prepare a compliance filing detailing all of the retail impacts from the opportunity sales and denied a request by the Arkansas Electric Energy Consumers to recalculate all costs using the revised responsibility ratio. The refunds were issued in the August 2020 billing cycle. Entergy Arkansas believed its actions were prudent and, therefore, the costs, including the $13.7 million, plus interest, were recoverable, and in September 2020, Entergy Arkansas filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas challenging the APSC’s order denying Entergy Arkansas’s request to recover the costs of these payments.

In March 2024 the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas issued a judgment in favor of the APSC and against Entergy Arkansas. In March 2024 Entergy Arkansas filed a notice of appeal and a motion to expedite oral arguments with the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit and the court granted the motion to expedite. Briefing to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit concluded in July 2024 and oral arguments concluded in September 2024. As a result of the adverse decision by the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas, Entergy Arkansas concluded that it could no longer support the recognition of its $131.8 million regulatory asset reflecting the previously-expected recovery of a portion of the costs at issue in the opportunity sales proceeding and recorded a $131.8 million ($99.1 million net-of-tax) charge to earnings in first quarter 2024. In December 2024 the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed the decision of the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas, and Entergy Arkansas filed a petition for rehearing en banc. In January 2025 the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit denied Entergy Arkansas’s petition. In April 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed a petition for certiorari with the United States Supreme Court. In June 2025 the United States Supreme Court denied Entergy Arkansas’s petition for certiorari.

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Complaints Against System Energy

System Energy’s operating revenues are derived from the allocation of the capacity, energy, and related costs associated with its 90% ownership/leasehold interest in Grand Gulf. Settlements that resolve all significant aspects of these complaints have been reached with the MPSC, the APSC, the City Council, and the LPSC, and these settlements have been approved by the FERC. Following are discussions of the proceedings.

Return on Equity and Capital Structure Complaints

In January 2017 the APSC and the MPSC filed a complaint with the FERC against System Energy. Entergy Arkansas also sells some of its Grand Gulf capacity and energy to Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans under separate agreements. The return on equity under the Unit Power Sales Agreement at the time of the complaint was 10.94%, which was established in a rate proceeding that became final in July 2001.

The APSC and the MPSC complaint alleged that the return on equity was unjust and unreasonable because capital market and other considerations indicated that it was excessive. The complaint included a return on equity analysis that purported to establish that the range of reasonable return on equity for System Energy was between 8.37% and 8.67%. System Energy answered the complaint in February 2017 and disputed that a return on equity of 8.37% to 8.67% was just and reasonable. The LPSC and the City Council intervened in the proceeding expressing support for the complaint. In September 2017 the FERC established a refund effective date of January 23, 2017 and directed the parties to engage in settlement proceedings before an ALJ. The parties were unable to settle the return on equity issue and a FERC hearing judge was assigned in July 2018. The 15-month refund period in connection with the APSC/MPSC complaint expired on April 23, 2018.

In April 2018 the LPSC filed a complaint with the FERC against System Energy seeking an additional 15-month refund period. In August 2018 the FERC issued an order dismissing the LPSC’s request to investigate System Energy’s capital structure and setting for hearing the return on equity complaint, with a refund effective date of April 27, 2018. The 15-month refund period in connection with the LPSC return on equity complaint expired on July 26, 2019.

The portion of the LPSC’s complaint dealing with return on equity was subsequently consolidated with the APSC and the MPSC complaint for hearing. In September 2018 the LPSC filed an amended complaint raising

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the same capital structure claim the FERC had earlier dismissed. The 15-month refund period in connection with the capital structure complaint was from September 24, 2018 to December 23, 2019.

Several rounds of testimony were filed by the parties in these proceedings between January 2019 and August 2020. Some of these rounds of testimony were precipitated by developments in an unrelated proceeding in which the FERC issued orders addressing the methodology for determining the return on equity applicable to transmission owners in MISO (Opinion Nos. 569 and 569-A). The final positions of the parties, after the submission of all pre-filed testimony, were as follows. With regard to the return on equity complaints for the first refund period, based on their respective interpretations and applications of the Opinion No. 569-A methodology, the LPSC argued for an authorized return on equity for System Energy of 7.97%; the MPSC and the APSC argued for an authorized return on equity of 9.24%; and the FERC trial staff argued for an authorized return on equity of 9.49%. For the second refund period and on a prospective basis, based on their respective interpretations and applications of the Opinion No. 569-A methodology, the LPSC argued for an authorized return on equity for System Energy of 7.78%; the MPSC and the APSC argued that an authorized return on equity of 9.15% may be appropriate if the second complaint was not dismissed; and the FERC trial staff argued for an authorized return on equity of 9.09% if the second complaint was not dismissed. The LPSC also continued to support as its primary recommendation, based on an alternative analysis to the Opinion No. 569-A methodology, an authorized return on equity for System Energy as low as 7.56% for the first complaint refund period and as low as 7.18% for the second complaint refund period and prospectively. The MPSC and the APSC also continued to support as their primary recommendation, based on an alternative analysis to the Opinion No. 569-A methodology, an authorized return on equity for System Energy as low as 8.26% for the first complaint refund period and as low as 8.32% for the second complaint refund period and prospectively. System Energy argued that strict application of the Opinion No. 569-A methodology produces results inconsistent with investor requirements and does not provide a sound basis on which to evaluate System Energy’s authorized return on equity. Therefore, as its primary recommendation, System Energy argued for the use of a methodology that incorporates four separate financial models and, based on application of this recommended methodology, an authorized return on equity of 10.12% for the first refund period, which also fell within the presumptively just and reasonable range calculated for the second refund period and prospectively. Under the Opinion No. 569-A methodology, System Energy calculated an authorized return on equity of 9.44% for the first refund period, which also fell within the presumptively just and reasonable range calculated for the second refund period and prospectively.

With regard to the capital structure, the LPSC’s primary recommendation was that the FERC establish a hypothetical capital structure for System Energy for ratemaking purposes, according to which System Energy’s common equity ratio would be set to Entergy Corporation’s equity ratio of 37% equity and 63% debt. The APSC and the MPSC recommended that 35.98% be set as the common equity ratio for System Energy. The FERC trial staff argued that the average capital structure of the proxy group used to develop System Energy’s return on equity should be used to establish the capital structure. Using this approach, the FERC trial staff calculated the average capital structure for its proposed proxy group of 46.74% common equity and 53.26% debt. System Energy disputed all of these recommendations and argued that the use of its actual capital structure was just and reasonable.

After conducting a hearing, in March 2021 the FERC ALJ issued an initial decision. With regard to System Energy’s authorized return on equity, the ALJ determined that the existing return on equity of 10.94% was no longer just and reasonable, and that the replacement authorized return on equity, based on application of the Opinion No. 569-A methodology, should be 9.32%. The ALJ further determined that System Energy should pay refunds for a fifteen-month refund period (January 2017-April 2018) based on the difference between the current return on equity and the replacement authorized return on equity. The ALJ determined that the April 2018 complaint concerning the authorized return on equity should be dismissed, and that no refunds for a second fifteen-month refund period should be due. With regard to System Energy’s capital structure, the ALJ determined that

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System Energy’s actual equity ratio was excessive and that the just and reasonable equity ratio was 48.15% equity, based on the average equity ratio of the proxy group used to evaluate the return on equity for the second complaint. The ALJ further determined that System Energy should pay refunds for a fifteen-month refund period (September 2018-December 2019) based on the difference between the actual equity ratio and the 48.15% equity ratio.

Also in April 2021 the LPSC, the APSC, the MPSC, the City Council, and the FERC trial staff filed briefs on exceptions. Reply briefs opposing exceptions were filed in May 2021 by System Energy, the FERC trial staff, the LPSC, the APSC, the MPSC, and the City Council.

As discussed below in “System Energy Settlement with the MPSC,” “System Energy Settlement with the APSC,” “System Energy Settlement with the City Council,” and “System Energy Settlement with the LPSC,” the MPSC, the APSC, the City Council, and the LPSC have settled their claims related to these proceedings. As part of the settlements with their respective retail regulators, effective July 2022 for Entergy Mississippi, November 2023 for Entergy Arkansas, June 2024 for Entergy New Orleans, and September 2024 for Entergy Louisiana, bills issued under the Unit Power Sales Agreement reflect a return on equity of 9.65% and a capital structure not to exceed 52% equity.

Grand Gulf Sale-leaseback Renewal Complaint and Uncertain Tax Position Rate Base Issue

In May 2018 the LPSC filed a complaint against System Energy and Entergy Services related to System Energy’s renewal of a sale-leaseback transaction originally entered into in December 1988 for an 11.5% undivided interest in Grand Gulf Unit 1. The complaint alleged that System Energy violated the filed rate and the FERC’s ratemaking and accounting requirements when it included in Unit Power Sales Agreement billings the cost of capital additions associated with the sale-leaseback interest, and that System Energy was double-recovering costs by including both the lease payments and the capital additions in Unit Power Sales Agreement billings. The complaint further alleged that System Energy violated various other reporting and accounting requirements and should have sought prior FERC approval of the lease renewal. The complaint sought various forms of relief from the FERC, including refunds for capital addition costs for all years in which they were recorded in allegedly non-formula accounts or, alternatively, the disallowance of the return on equity for the capital additions in those years plus interest; a disallowance and refund of the lease costs of the sale-leaseback renewal on grounds of imprudence; an investigation into System Energy’s treatment of a DOE litigation payment; and the imposition of certain forward-looking procedural protections, including audit rights for retail regulators of the Unit Power Sales Agreement formula rates. The APSC, the MPSC, and the City Council intervened in the proceeding.

In June 2018, System Energy and Entergy Services filed a motion to dismiss and an answer to the LPSC complaint denying that System Energy’s treatment of the sale-leaseback renewal and capital additions violated the terms of the filed rate or any other FERC ratemaking, accounting, or legal requirements or otherwise constituted double recovery. Finally, the response argued that both the capital additions and the sale-leaseback renewal were prudent investments and the LPSC complaint failed to justify any disallowance or refunds. The response also offered to submit formula rate protocols for the Unit Power Sales Agreement similar to the procedures used for reviewing transmission rates under the MISO tariff. In September 2018 the FERC issued an order setting the complaint for hearing and settlement proceedings and establishing a refund effective date of May 18, 2018.

In February 2019 the presiding ALJ ruled that the hearing ordered by the FERC includes the issue of whether specific subcategories of accumulated deferred income tax should be included in, or excluded from, System Energy’s formula rate. Testimony was filed by the LPSC, the MPSC, the APSC, the City Council, the FERC trial

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staff, and System Energy between March 2019 and October 2019. The final positions of the parties, after all pre-filed testimony was submitted, were as follows. The LPSC sought refunds that included the renewal lease payments (approximately $17.2 million per year since July 2015), rate base reductions for accumulated deferred income tax associated with uncertain tax positions (with a corresponding refund of approximately $512 million), and the cost of capital additions associated with the sale-leaseback interest, as well as interest on those amounts. The FERC trial staff argued for refunds for rate base reductions for liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions, and also argued that System Energy recovered $32 million more than it should have in depreciation expense for capital additions. System Energy filed testimony asking the FERC to reject all of the LPSC’s claims for refunds and opposing the FERC trial staff’s position regarding the uncertain tax position issue. System Energy also argued that the FERC trial staff’s position regarding depreciation rates for capital additions was not unreasonable, but any change in depreciation expense is only one element of a Unit Power Sales Agreement re-billing calculation.

After holding a hearing in November 2019, in April 2020 the FERC ALJ issued the initial decision. Among other things, the ALJ determined that refunds were due on three main issues. First, with regard to the lease renewal payments, the ALJ determined that System Energy was recovering an unjust acquisition premium through the lease renewal payments, and that System Energy’s recovery from customers through rates should be limited to the cost of service based on the remaining net book value of the leased assets, which was approximately $70 million. The ALJ found that the remedy for this issue should be the refund of lease payments (approximately $17.2 million per year since July 2015) with interest determined at the FERC quarterly interest rate, which would be offset by the addition of the net book value of the leased assets in the cost of service. The ALJ did not calculate a value for the refund expected as a result of this remedy. In addition, System Energy would no longer recover the lease payments in rates prospectively. Second, with regard to the liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions, the ALJ determined that the liabilities are accumulated deferred income taxes and that System Energy’s rate base should have been reduced for those liabilities. The ALJ also found that System Energy should include liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions as a rate base reduction going forward. Third, with regard to the depreciation expense adjustments, the ALJ found that System Energy should correct for the error in re-billings retroactively and prospectively, but that System Energy should not be permitted to recover interest on any retroactive return on enhanced rate base resulting from such corrections.

In June 2020, System Energy, the LPSC, and the FERC trial staff filed briefs on exceptions, challenging several of the initial decision’s findings. System Energy’s brief on exceptions challenged the initial decision’s limitations on recovery of the lease renewal payments, its proposed rate base refund for the liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions, and its proposal to asymmetrically treat interest on bill corrections for depreciation expense adjustments. The LPSC’s and the FERC trial staff’s briefs on exceptions each challenged the initial decision’s allowance for recovery of the cost of service associated with the lease renewal based on the remaining net book value of the leased assets, its calculation of the remaining net book value of the leased assets, and the amount of the initial decision’s proposed rate base refund for the liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions. The LPSC’s brief on exceptions also challenged the initial decision’s proposal that depreciation expense adjustments include retroactive adjustments to rate base and its finding that section 203 of the Federal Power Act did not apply to the lease renewal. The FERC trial staff’s brief on exceptions also challenged the initial decision’s finding that the FERC need not institute a formal investigation into System Energy’s tariff. In October 2020, System Energy, the LPSC, the MPSC, the APSC, and the City Council filed briefs opposing exceptions. System Energy opposed the exceptions filed by the LPSC and the FERC trial staff. The LPSC, the MPSC, the APSC, the City Council, and the FERC trial staff opposed the exceptions filed by System Energy. Also in October 2020 the MPSC, the APSC, and the City Council filed briefs adopting the exceptions of the LPSC and the FERC trial staff.

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In addition, in September 2020, the IRS issued a Notice of Proposed Adjustment (NOPA) and Entergy executed it. The NOPA memorialized the IRS’s decision to adjust the 2015 consolidated federal income tax return of Entergy Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries, including System Energy, with regard to the uncertain decommissioning tax position. Pursuant to the audit resolution documented in the NOPA, the IRS allowed System Energy’s inclusion of $102 million of future nuclear decommissioning costs in System Energy’s cost of goods sold for the 2015 tax year, roughly 10% of the requested deduction, but disallowed the balance of the position. In September 2020, System Energy filed a motion to lodge the NOPA into the record in the FERC proceeding. In October 2020 the LPSC, the APSC, the MPSC, the City Council, and the FERC trial staff filed oppositions to System Energy’s motion. As a result of the NOPA issued by the IRS in September 2020, System Energy filed, in October 2020, a new Federal Power Act section 205 filing at FERC to establish an ongoing rate base credit for the accumulated deferred income taxes resulting from the decommissioning uncertain tax position. On a prospective basis beginning with the October 2020 bill, System Energy proposed to include the accumulated deferred income taxes arising from the successful portion of the decommissioning uncertain tax position as a credit to rate base under the Unit Power Sales Agreement. In November 2020 the LPSC, the APSC, the MPSC, and the City Council filed a protest to the filing, and System Energy responded.

In November 2020 the IRS issued a Revenue Agent’s Report (RAR) for the 2014/2015 tax year and in December 2020 Entergy executed it. The RAR contained the same adjustment to the uncertain nuclear decommissioning tax position as that which the IRS had announced in the NOPA. In December 2020, System Energy filed a motion to lodge the RAR into the record in the FERC proceeding addressing the uncertain tax position rate base issue. In January 2021 the LPSC, the APSC, the MPSC, and the City Council filed a protest to the motion.

As a result of the RAR, in December 2020, System Energy filed amendments to its new Federal Power Act section 205 filings to establish an ongoing rate base credit for the accumulated deferred income taxes resulting from the decommissioning uncertain tax position and to credit excess accumulated deferred income taxes arising from the successful portion of the decommissioning uncertain tax position. The amendments both proposed the inclusion of the RAR as support for the filings. In February 2021 the FERC issued an order accepting System Energy’s Federal Power Act section 205 filings subject to refund, setting them for hearing, and holding the hearing in abeyance.

In December 2020, System Energy filed a new Federal Power Act section 205 filing to provide a one-time, historical credit of $25.2 million for the accumulated deferred income taxes that would have been created by the decommissioning uncertain tax position if the IRS’s decision had been known in 2016. In January 2021 the LPSC, APSC, MPSC, and City Council filed a protest to the filing. In February 2021 the FERC issued an order accepting System Energy’s Federal Power Act section 205 filing subject to refund, setting it for hearing, and holding the hearing in abeyance. System Energy provided the one-time credit during the first quarter 2021.

In December 2022 the FERC issued an order on the ALJ’s initial decision, which affirmed it in part and modified it in part. The FERC’s order directed System Energy to calculate refunds on three issues, and to provide a compliance report detailing the calculations. The FERC’s order also disallowed the future recovery of sale-leaseback renewal costs, which is estimated at approximately $11.5 million annually for purchases from Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and Entergy New Orleans through July 2036. The three refund issues were rental expenses related to the renewal of the sale-leaseback arrangements; refunds, if any, for the revenue requirement impact of including accumulated deferred income taxes resulting from the decommissioning uncertain tax positions from 2004 through the present; and refunds for the net effect of correcting the depreciation inputs for capital additions attributable to the portion of plant subject to the sale-leaseback.

As a result of the FERC order’s directives regarding the recovery of the sale-leaseback transaction, in December 2022 System Energy reduced the Grand Gulf sale-leaseback regulatory liability by $56 million, reduced the related accumulated deferred income tax asset by $94 million, and reduced the Grand Gulf sale-leaseback accumulated deferred income tax regulatory liability by $25 million, resulting in an increase in income tax expense

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of $13 million. In addition, the FERC determined that System Energy recognized excess depreciation expense related to property subject to the sale-leaseback. As a result, in December 2022, System Energy recorded a reduction in depreciation expense and the related accumulated depreciation of $33 million.

In January 2023, System Energy filed its compliance report with the FERC. With respect to the sale-leaseback renewal costs, System Energy calculated a refund of $89.8 million, which represented all of the sale-leaseback renewal rental costs that System Energy recovered in rates, with interest. With respect to the decommissioning uncertain tax position issue, System Energy calculated that no additional refunds were owed because it had already provided a one-time historical credit (for the period January 2016 through September 2020) of $25.2 million based on the accumulated deferred income taxes that resulted from the IRS’s partial acceptance of the decommissioning tax position, and because it has been providing an ongoing rate base credit for the accumulated deferred income taxes that resulted from the IRS’s partial acceptance of the decommissioning tax position since October 2020. With respect to the depreciation refund, System Energy calculated a refund of $13.7 million, which is the net total of a refund to customers for excess depreciation expense previously collected, plus interest, offset by the additional return on rate base that System Energy previously did not collect, without interest. See “System Energy Settlement with the MPSC” below for discussion of the regulatory charge and corresponding regulatory liability recorded in June 2022 related to these proceedings. In January 2023, System Energy paid the refunds of $103.5 million, which included refunds of $41.7 million to Entergy Arkansas, $27.8 million to Entergy Louisiana, and $34 million to Entergy New Orleans.

In February 2023 the LPSC, the APSC, and the City Council filed protests to System Energy’s January 2023 compliance report, in which they challenged System Energy’s calculation of the refunds associated with the decommissioning tax position but did not protest the other components of the compliance report. Each of them argued that System Energy should have paid additional refunds for the decommissioning tax position issue, and the City Council estimated the total additional refunds owed to customers of Entergy Louisiana, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Arkansas for that issue as $493 million, including interest (and without factoring in the $25.2 million refund that System Energy already paid in 2021).

In January 2023, System Energy filed a request for rehearing of the FERC’s determinations in the December 2022 order on sale-leaseback refund issues and future lease cost disallowances, the FERC’s prospective policy on uncertain tax positions, and the proper accounting of System Energy’s accumulated deferred income taxes adjustment for the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017; and a motion for confirmation of its interpretation of the December 2022 order’s remedy concerning the decommissioning tax position. In January 2023 the retail regulators filed a motion for confirmation of their interpretation of the refund requirement in the December 2022 FERC order and a provisional request for rehearing. In March 2023, System Energy filed in the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit a petition for review of the December 2022 order. In March 2023, System Energy also filed an unopposed motion to stay the proceeding in the Fifth Circuit pending the FERC’s disposition of the pending motions, and the court granted the motion to stay.

In February 2023, System Energy submitted a tariff compliance filing with the FERC to clarify that, consistent with the releases provided in the MPSC settlement, Entergy Mississippi will continue to be charged for its allocation of the sale-leaseback renewal costs under the Unit Power Sales Agreement. See “System Energy Settlement with the MPSC” below for discussion of the settlement. In March 2023 the MPSC filed a protest to System Energy’s tariff compliance filing. The MPSC argues that the settlement did not specifically address post-settlement sale-leaseback renewal costs and that the sale-leaseback renewal costs may not be recovered under the Unit Power Sales Agreement. Entergy Mississippi’s allocated sale-leaseback renewal costs are estimated at $5.7 million annually for the remaining term of the sale-leaseback renewal. In February 2025, System Energy and the MPSC resolved their dispute concerning the sale-leaseback renewal costs. As a result, the MPSC withdrew its protest at the FERC to System Energy’s tariff compliance filing. Entergy Mississippi will continue to pay the allocated sale-leaseback renewal costs of approximately $5.7 million annually and there are no refunds due for prior

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periods. In March 2025, System Energy filed a status report with the FERC explaining that the dispute is resolved. In April 2025 the FERC accepted System Energy’s tariff compliance filing.

In August 2023 the FERC issued an order addressing arguments raised on rehearing and partially setting aside the prior order (rehearing order). The rehearing order addressed rehearing requests that were filed in January 2023 separately by System Energy and the LPSC, the APSC, and the City Council.

With regard to the sale-leaseback renewal rental expenses, the rehearing order allowed System Energy to recover an implied return of and on the depreciated cost of the portion of the plant subject to the sale-leaseback as of the expiration of the initial lease term. As discussed above, System Energy’s January 2023 compliance filing calculated $103.5 million in total refunds, and the refunds were paid in January 2023. In October 2023, System Energy filed its compliance report with the FERC as directed in the August 2023 rehearing order. The October 2023 compliance report reflected recalculated refunds totaling $35.7 million for the two issues resulting in $67.8 million in refunds that could be recouped by System Energy. As discussed below in “System Energy Settlement with the APSC,” System Energy reached a settlement in principle with the APSC to resolve several pending cases under the FERC’s jurisdiction, including this one, pursuant to which it agreed not to recoup the $27.3 million calculated for Entergy Arkansas in the compliance filing. As a result of the FERC’s rulings on the sale-leaseback and depreciation input issues in the August 2023 rehearing order, in third quarter 2023, System Energy recorded a regulatory asset and corresponding regulatory credit of $40 million to reflect the portion of the January 2023 refunds to be recouped from Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans. Consistent with the compliance filing, in October 2023, Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans paid recoupment amounts of $18.2 million and $22.3 million, respectively, to System Energy.

On the third refund issue identified in the rehearing requests, concerning the decommissioning uncertain tax positions, the rehearing order denied all rehearing requests, re-affirmed the remedy contained in the December 2022 order, and did not direct System Energy to recalculate refunds or to submit an additional compliance filing.

In September 2023, System Energy filed a protective appeal of the rehearing order with the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. The appeal was consolidated with System Energy’s prior appeal of the December 2022 order.

In September 2023 the LPSC filed with the FERC a request for rehearing and clarification of the rehearing order. In October 2023 the FERC issued a notice that the rehearing request was deemed denied by operation of law. In November 2023 the FERC issued a further notice stating that it would not issue any further order addressing the rehearing request. Also in November 2023 the LPSC filed with the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit a petition for review of the FERC’s August 2023 rehearing order and denials of the September 2023 rehearing request.

In December 2023 the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit lifted the abeyance on the consolidated System Energy appeals and it also consolidated the LPSC’s appeal with the System Energy appeals.

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Briefing of the appeals occurred between March 2024 and July 2024. In September 2024 the parties filed a joint motion to continue and stay oral argument, previously scheduled for October 2024, pending the FERC’s decision whether to approve the settlement between System Energy and the LPSC, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit granted the motion. In November 2024, after the FERC issued the order approving the settlement between System Energy and the LPSC, System Energy, the LPSC, the APSC, and the FERC filed a joint stipulation to dismiss the pending appeals, which the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit granted.

LPSC Additional Complaints

In May 2020 the LPSC authorized its staff to file additional complaints at the FERC related to the rates charged by System Energy for Grand Gulf energy and capacity supplied to Entergy Louisiana under the Unit Power Sales Agreement. The LPSC directive noted that the initial decision issued by the presiding ALJ in the Grand Gulf sale-leaseback complaint proceeding did not address, for procedural reasons, certain rate issues raised by the LPSC and declined to order further investigation of rates charged by System Energy.

Unit Power Sales Agreement Complaint

The first of the additional complaints was filed by the LPSC, the APSC, the MPSC, and the City Council in September 2020. The first complaint raised two sets of rate allegations: violations of the filed rate and a corresponding request for refunds for prior periods; and elements of the Unit Power Sales Agreement are unjust and unreasonable and a corresponding request for refunds for the 15-month refund period and changes to the Unit Power Sales Agreement prospectively. Several of the filed rate allegations overlapped with the previous complaints. The elements of the Unit Power Sales Agreement that the complaint alleged were unjust and unreasonable include: the current cash working capital allowance of zero, uncapped recovery of incentive and executive compensation, lack of an equity re-opener, and recovery of lobbying and private airplane travel expenses. System Energy filed its answer opposing the complaint in November 2020. In its answer, System Energy argued that all of the claims raised in the complaint should be dismissed and agreed that bill adjustment with respect to two discrete issues were justified. System Energy argued that dismissal was warranted because all claims fell into one or more of the following categories: the claims had been raised and were being litigated in another proceeding; the claims did not present a prima facie case and did not satisfy the threshold burden to establish a complaint proceeding; the claims were premised on a theory or request relief that is incompatible with federal law or FERC policy; the claims request relief that is inconsistent with the filed rate; the claims were barred or waived by the legal doctrine of laches; and/or the claims had been fully addressed and do not warrant further litigation. In December 2020, System Energy filed a bill adjustment report indicating that $3.4 million had been credited to customers in connection with the two discrete issues concerning the inclusion of certain accumulated deferred income taxes balances in rates.

In May 2021 the FERC issued an order addressing the complaint, establishing a refund effective date of September 21, 2020, establishing hearing procedures, and holding those procedures in abeyance pending the FERC’s review of the initial decision in the Grand Gulf sale-leaseback renewal complaint discussed above. System

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Energy agreed that the hearing should be held in abeyance but sought rehearing of FERC’s decision as related to matters set for hearing that were beyond the scope of FERC’s jurisdiction or authority. The complainants sought rehearing of FERC’s decision to hold the hearing in abeyance and filed a motion to proceed, which motion System Energy opposed. In June 2021, System Energy’s request for rehearing was denied by operation of law, and System Energy filed an appeal of FERC’s orders in the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. In November 2021 the Fifth Circuit dismissed the appeal as premature.

In August 2021 the FERC issued an order addressing System Energy’s and the complainants’ rehearing requests. The FERC dismissed part of the complaint seeking an equity re-opener, maintained the abeyance for issues related to the proceeding addressing the sale-leaseback renewal and uncertain tax positions, lifted the abeyance for issues unrelated to that proceeding, and clarified the scope of the hearing.

In November 2021 the LPSC, the APSC, and the City Council filed direct testimony and requested the FERC to order refunds for prior periods and prospective amendments to the Unit Power Sales Agreement. The APSC argued that: (1) System Energy should have included borrowings from the Entergy system money pool in its determination of short-term debt in its cost of capital; and (2) System Energy should credit customers with System Energy’s allocation of earnings on money pool investments. The City Council alleged that System Energy has maintained excess cash on hand in the money pool and that retention of excess cash was imprudent. Based on this allegation, the City Council’s witness recommended a refund of approximately $98.8 million for the period 2004-September 2021 or other alternative relief. The City Council further recommended that the FERC impose a hypothetical equity ratio such as 48.15% equity to capital on a prospective basis.

In January 2022, System Energy filed answering testimony arguing that the FERC should not order refunds for prior periods or any prospective amendments to the Unit Power Sales Agreement. In response to the LPSC’s refund claims, System Energy argued, among other things, that: (1) the inclusion of sale-leaseback transaction costs in prepayments was correct; (2) that the filed rate doctrine bars the request for a retroactive credit to rate base for the time value of money associated with the advance collection of lease payments; (3) that an accounting misclassification for deferred refueling outage costs had been corrected, caused no harm to customers, and requires no refunds; and (4) that its accounting and ratemaking treatment of specified accumulated deferred income tax balances in account 190 had been correct. On the issue of below-the-line expenses, during discovery procedures System Energy identified a historical allocation error in certain months and agreed to provide a bill credit to customers to correct the error. In response to the City Council’s claims, System Energy argued that it has reasonably managed its cash and that the City Council’s theory of cash management was defective because it

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failed to adequately consider the relevant cash needs of System Energy and it made faulty presumptions about the operation of the Entergy system money pool.

In March 2022 the FERC trial staff filed direct and answering testimony in response to the LPSC, the APSC, and the City Council’s direct testimony. In its testimony, the FERC trial staff recommended refunds for two primary reasons: (1) it concluded that System Energy should have excluded specified accumulated deferred income tax balances in account 190 associated with rate refunds; and (2) it concluded that System Energy should have excluded specified accumulated deferred income tax balances in account 190 associated with a deemed contract satisfaction and reissuance that occurred in 2005. The FERC trial staff recommended refunds of $84.1 million, exclusive of any tax gross-up or FERC interest. On all other material issues raised by the LPSC, the APSC, and the City Council, the FERC trial staff recommended either no refunds or no modification to the Unit Power Sales Agreement.

In April 2022, System Energy filed cross-answering testimony in response to the FERC trial staff’s recommendations of refunds for the accumulated deferred income taxes issues and proposed modifications to the Unit Power Sales Agreement for the executive incentive compensation issues. In June 2022 the FERC trial staff submitted revised answering testimony, in which it recommended additional refunds associated with the accumulated deferred income tax balances in account 190 associated with a deemed contract satisfaction and reissuance that occurred in 2005. Based on the testimony revisions, the FERC trial staff’s recommended refunds total $106.6 million, exclusive of any tax gross-up or FERC awarded interest. Also in June 2022, System Energy filed revised and supplemental cross-answering testimony to respond to the FERC trial staff’s testimony and oppose its revised recommendation.

In May 2022 the LPSC, the APSC, and the City Council filed rebuttal testimony. The LPSC’s rebuttal testimony argued that refunds for the alleged tariff violations and other claims must be calculated by rerunning the Unit Power Sales Agreement formula rate; however, it included estimates of refunds associated with some, but not all, of its claims, totaling $286 million without interest. The City Council’s rebuttal testimony also proposed a new, alternate theory and claim for relief regarding System Energy’s participation in the Entergy system money pool, under which it calculates estimated refunds of approximately $51.7 million. The APSC’s rebuttal testimony agreed with the LPSC’s direct testimony that retained earnings should be adjusted in a comprehensive refund calculation. The testimony quantified the estimated impacts of three issues: (1) a $1.5 million reduction in the revenue requirement under the Unit Power Sales Agreement if System Energy’s borrowings from the money pool were included in short-term debt; (2) a $1.9 million reduction in the revenue requirement if System Energy’s allocated share of money pool earnings were credited through the Unit Power Sales Agreement; and (3) a $1.9 million reduction in the revenue requirement for every $50 million of refunds ordered in a given year, without interest. In total, excluding the settled issues noted below, the claims sought more than $700 million in refunds and interest, based on charges to all Unit Power Sales Agreement purchasers including Entergy Mississippi. The hearing before a FERC ALJ occurred between September and December 2022.

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In November 2022, System Energy filed a partial settlement agreement with the APSC, the City Council, and the LPSC that resolved the following issues raised in the Unit Power Sales Agreement complaint: advance collection of lease payments, aircraft costs, executive incentive compensation, money pool borrowings, advertising expenses, deferred nuclear refueling outage costs, industry association dues, and termination of the capital funds agreement. The settlement provided that System Energy would provide a black box refund of $18 million (inclusive of interest), plus additional refund amounts with interest to be calculated for certain issues to be distributed to Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and Entergy New Orleans as the Utility operating companies other than Entergy Mississippi purchasing under the Unit Power Sales Agreement. The settlement further provided that if the APSC, the City Council, or the LPSC agreed to the global settlement System Energy entered into with the MPSC (discussed below), and such global settlement included a black box refund amount, then the black box refund for this settlement agreement would not be incremental or in addition to the global black box refund amount. The settlement agreement addressed other matters as well, including adjustments to rate base beginning in October 2022, exclusion of certain other costs, and inclusion of money pool borrowings, if any, in short-term debt within the cost of capital calculation used in the Unit Power Sales Agreement. In April 2023 the FERC approved the settlement agreement. The refund provided for in the settlement agreement was included in the May 2023 service month bills under the Unit Power Sales Agreement.

In May 2023 the presiding ALJ issued an initial decision finding that System Energy should have excluded multiple identified categories of accumulated deferred income taxes from rate base when calculating Unit Power Sales Agreement bills. The initial decision also found that the Unit Power Sales Agreement should be modified such that a cash working capital allowance of negative $36.4 million is applied prospectively. On the other non-settled issues for which the complainants sought refunds or changes to the Unit Power Sales Agreement, the initial decision ruled against the complainants.

In July 2023, System Energy filed a brief on exceptions to the initial decision’s accumulated deferred income taxes findings. Also in July 2023, the APSC, the LPSC, the City Council, and the FERC trial staff filed separate briefs on exceptions. In August 2023 all parties filed separate briefs opposing exceptions.

As discussed below in “System Energy Settlement with the MPSC,” “System Energy Settlement with the APSC,” and “System Energy Settlement with the City Council,” and “System Energy Settlement with the LPSC,” the MPSC, the APSC, and the City Council, and the LPSC have settled their claims related to this proceeding.

Grand Gulf Prudence Complaints

The second of the additional complaints was filed at the FERC in March 2021 by the LPSC, the APSC, and the City Council against System Energy, Entergy Services, Entergy Operations, and Entergy Corporation. The second complaint contained two primary allegations. First, it alleged that, based on the plant’s capacity factor and alleged safety performance, System Energy and the other respondents imprudently operated Grand Gulf during the period 2016-2020, and it sought refunds of at least $360 million in alleged replacement energy costs, in addition to other costs, including those that could only be identified upon further investigation. In addition to the requested refunds, the complaint asked that the FERC modify the Unit Power Sales Agreement to provide for full cost recovery only if certain performance indicators were met and to require pre-authorization of capital improvement projects in excess of $125 million before related costs could be passed through to customers in rates. In April 2021, System Energy and the other respondents filed their motion to dismiss and answer to the complaint. System Energy requested that the FERC dismiss the claims within the complaint. With respect to the claim concerning operations, System Energy argued that the complaint did not meet its legal burden

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because, among other reasons, it failed to allege any specific imprudent conduct. In February 2023 the FERC issued an order denying rehearing and thereby affirming its order setting the complaint for settlement and hearing procedures. In July 2023 the FERC chief ALJ terminated settlement procedures and appointed a presiding ALJ to oversee hearing procedures. In September 2023 a procedural schedule for hearing procedures was established. Also in September 2023 the LPSC authorized its staff to file an additional complaint concerning the prudence of System Energy’s operation and management of Grand Gulf in the year 2022. In October 2023 the LPSC, the APSC, and the City Council filed what they styled as an amended and supplemental complaint with the FERC against System Energy, Entergy Services, and Entergy Operations. In November 2023, System Energy answered the amended and supplemental complaint. Pursuant to the procedural schedule, the complainants’ testimony in the original complaint proceeding was filed in December 2023. System Energy’s answering testimony was filed in May 2024, and the FERC trial staff’s direct and answering testimony was filed in June 2024.

As discussed below in “System Energy Settlement with the APSC,” “System Energy Settlement with the City Council,” and “System Energy Settlement with the LPSC,” the APSC, the City Council, and the LPSC have settled all of their claims related to this proceeding.

System Energy Settlement with the MPSC

In June 2022, System Energy, Entergy Mississippi, and additional named Entergy parties involved in thirteen docketed proceedings before the FERC filed with the FERC a partial settlement agreement and offer of settlement. The settlement memorialized the Entergy parties’ agreement with the MPSC to globally resolve all actual and potential claims between the Entergy parties and the MPSC associated with those FERC proceedings and with System Energy’s past implementation of the Unit Power Sales Agreement.

The settlement provided for a black box refund of $235 million from System Energy to Entergy Mississippi. In addition, beginning with the July 2022 service month, the settlement provided for Entergy Mississippi’s bills from System Energy to be adjusted to reflect: an authorized rate of return on equity of 9.65%, a capital structure not to exceed 52% equity through June 2026, a rate base reduction for the advance collection of sale-leaseback rental costs, and the exclusion of certain long-term incentive plan performance unit costs from rates. The settlement was approved by the MPSC in June 2022 and the FERC in November 2022.

System Energy had previously recorded a provision and associated liability of $37 million for elements of the applicable litigation. In June 2022, System Energy recorded a regulatory charge of $551 million ($413 million net-of-tax), increasing the regulatory liability to $588 million, which consisted of $235 million for the settlement with the MPSC and $353 million for potential future refunds to Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and Entergy New Orleans. Based on analysis of the then-pending complaints against System Energy and potential future settlement negotiations, in third quarter 2023, System Energy recorded a regulatory charge of $40 million to increase System Energy’s regulatory liability related to complaints against System Energy. System Energy paid the black box refund of $235 million to Entergy Mississippi in November 2022.

System Energy Settlement with the APSC

In October 2023, System Energy, Entergy Arkansas, and additional named Entergy parties involved in multiple docketed proceedings pending before the FERC reached a settlement in principle with the APSC to globally resolve all of their actual and potential claims in those dockets and with System Energy’s past implementation of the Unit Power Sales Agreement. The settlement also covered the amended and supplemental complaint, discussed above in “Grand Gulf Prudence Complaints,” filed at the FERC in October 2023. System

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Energy, Entergy Arkansas, additional Entergy parties, and the APSC filed the settlement agreement and supporting materials with the FERC in November 2023.

The terms of the settlement with the APSC aligned with the $588 million global black box settlement reached between System Energy and the MPSC in June 2022 and provided for Entergy Arkansas to receive a black box refund of $142 million from System Energy, inclusive of $49.5 million already received by Entergy Arkansas from System Energy. In addition, beginning with the November 2023 service month, the settlement provided for Entergy Arkansas’s bills from System Energy to be adjusted to reflect an authorized rate of return on equity of 9.65% and a capital structure not to exceed 52% equity through June 2026. In March 2024 the FERC approved the settlement, and System Energy paid the remaining black box refund of $93 million to Entergy Arkansas in 2024.

System Energy Settlement with the City Council

In April 2024, System Energy, Entergy New Orleans, and additional named Entergy parties involved in multiple docketed proceedings pending before the FERC reached a settlement in principle with the City Council to globally resolve all of their actual and potential claims in those dockets and with System Energy’s past implementation of the Unit Power Sales Agreement. The settlement also covered the amended and supplemental complaint, discussed in “Grand Gulf Prudence Complaints” above, filed by the LPSC, the APSC, and the City Council at the FERC in October 2023. In May 2024, System Energy, Entergy New Orleans, additional named Entergy parties, and the City Council filed the settlement agreement and supporting materials with the FERC.

The terms of the settlement with the City Council aligned with the $588 million global black box settlement amount reflected in the prior settlements reached between System Energy and the MPSC in June 2022 and between System Energy and the APSC in November 2023. The settlement provided for Entergy New Orleans to receive a black box refund of $116 million from System Energy, inclusive of approximately $18 million already received by Entergy New Orleans from System Energy. In addition, beginning with the June 2024 service month, the settlement provided for Entergy New Orleans’s bills from System Energy to be adjusted to reflect an authorized rate of return on equity of 9.65% and a capital structure not to exceed 52% equity through June 2026. In August 2024 the FERC approved the settlement, and System Energy paid the remaining black box refund of $98 million to Entergy New Orleans in October 2024.

System Energy Settlement with the LPSC

In July 2024, System Energy and the LPSC staff reached a settlement in principle to globally resolve all of the LPSC’s actual and potential claims in multiple docketed proceedings pending before the FERC (including all docketed proceedings resolved by the MPSC, the APSC, and the City Council settlements) and with System Energy’s past implementation of the Unit Power Sales Agreement. The settlement also covered the amended and supplemental complaint, discussed above in “Grand Gulf Prudence Complaints,” filed by the LPSC, the APSC, and the City Council at the FERC in October 2023. In August 2024 the LPSC approved the settlement. In September 2024 the settling parties filed the settlement for approval by the FERC.

The terms of the settlement with the LPSC staff aligned with the $588 million global black box settlement amount reflected in the prior settlements reached between System Energy and the MPSC in June 2022, between System Energy and the APSC in November 2023, and between System Energy and the City Council in April 2024. The settlement in principle provided for Entergy Louisiana to receive a black box refund of $95 million from System Energy, inclusive of approximately $15 million already received by Entergy Louisiana from System Energy. In addition, beginning with the September 2024 service month, the settlement provided for Entergy Louisiana’s bills from System Energy to be adjusted to reflect an authorized rate of return on equity of 9.65% and a capital structure not to exceed 52% equity through June 2026. In November 2024 the FERC approved the settlement, and System Energy paid the remaining black box refund of $80 million to Entergy Louisiana in December 2024.

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The settlement also included an agreement that, subject to the receipt of necessary regulatory approvals, Entergy Louisiana would divest to Entergy Mississippi all of its interest in Grand Gulf capacity and energy under the Unit Power Sales Agreement and its purchases from Entergy Arkansas under the MSS-4 replacement tariff. In October 2024 Entergy Louisiana and Entergy Mississippi filed with the FERC a PPA under which Entergy Mississippi would purchase Entergy Louisiana’s purchases of Grand Gulf capacity and energy. The PPA was governed by the MSS-4 replacement tariff, a tariff governing the sales of energy and capacity among the Utility operating companies. The requisite approvals for the PPA were issued by the FERC in November 2024 and the MPSC in February 2025. The divestiture was effective as of January 1, 2025. In compliance with the settlement, in May 2025, System Energy, Entergy Louisiana, and Entergy Mississippi submitted the following filings with the FERC: (1) a Federal Power Act Section 203 application seeking approval for the permanent divestiture by Entergy Louisiana to Entergy Mississippi of its rights to capacity and energy from Grand Gulf; and (2) a Federal Power Act Section 205 application seeking approval to modify the entitlement percentages of the remaining purchasers under the Unit Power Sales Agreement in connection with the foregoing divestiture. In July 2025, the FERC issued an order accepting the Federal Power Act Section 205 application to remove Entergy Louisiana as a party to the Unit Power Sales Agreement. As a result of the order, the Unit Power Sales Agreement entitlement percentages of the remaining purchasers were permanently modified to exclude Entergy Louisiana effective October 2025. The FERC also issued an order dismissing the Federal Power Act Section 203 application based on lack of jurisdiction. In September 2025 the APSC filed a request for rehearing of the FERC’s July 2025 order accepting the revised Unit Power Sales Agreement entitlement percentages.

Unit Power Sales Agreement

System Energy Formula Rate Annual Protocols Formal Challenges Concerning 2020-2022 Calendar Year Bills

System Energy’s Unit Power Sales Agreement includes formula rate protocols that provide for the disclosure of cost inputs, an opportunity for informal discovery procedures, and a challenge process. See “Complaints Against System Energy” above for further discussion of the System Energy settlements with the MPSC, the APSC, the City Council, and the LPSC.

Depreciation Amendment Proceeding

In December 2021, System Energy submitted to the FERC proposed amendments to the Unit Power Sales Agreement to adopt updated rates for use in calculating Grand Gulf plant depreciation and amortization expenses. The proposed amendments would result in higher charges to the Utility operating companies that buy capacity and energy from System Energy under the Unit Power Sales Agreement. In February 2022 the FERC accepted System Energy’s proposed increased depreciation rates with an effective date of March 1, 2022, subject to refund pending the outcome of the settlement and/or hearing procedures. In June 2023 System Energy filed with the FERC an unopposed offer of settlement that it had negotiated with intervenors to the proceeding. In August 2023 the FERC approved the settlement, which resolves the proceeding. In third quarter 2023, System Energy recorded a reduction in depreciation expense of $41 million representing the cumulative difference in depreciation expense resulting from the depreciation rates used from March 2022 through June 2023 and the depreciation rates included in the

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settlement filing approved by the FERC. In October 2023, System Energy filed a refund report with the FERC. The refund provided for in the refund report was included in the September 2023 service month bills under the Unit Power Sales Agreement. No comments or protests to the refund report were filed.

Pension Costs Amendment Proceeding

In October 2021, System Energy submitted to the FERC proposed amendments to the Unit Power Sales Agreement to include in rate base the prepaid and accrued pension costs associated with System Energy’s qualified pension plans. Based on data ending in 2020, the increased annual revenue requirement associated with the filing is approximately $8.9 million. In March 2022 the FERC accepted System Energy’s proposed amendments with an effective date of December 1, 2021, subject to refund pending the outcome of the settlement and/or hearing procedures. In August 2023 the FERC chief ALJ terminated settlement procedures and designated a presiding ALJ to oversee hearing procedures. Testimony was filed by the parties from October 2023 through April 2024, and the hearing concluded in June 2024.

In September 2024 the presiding ALJ issued an initial decision recommending that the FERC approve inclusion of a line item in rate base for prepaid and accrued pension costs; however, the presiding ALJ did not agree with System Energy’s proposed methodology to calculate the value of the prepaid and accrued pension cost input. Instead, the presiding ALJ recommended limiting System Energy’s recovery to the prepaid and accrued pension costs that were incurred beginning in 2015 and later. The ALJ’s initial decision was not binding on the FERC and was an interim step in the hearing process.

System Energy disputed the presiding ALJ's determination concerning the methodology used to calculate the prepaid and accrued pension input, and System Energy filed exceptions to these rulings in October 2024. In October 2024, the LPSC, the APSC, and the FERC trial staff filed separate briefs on exceptions; these parties generally argue that the presiding ALJ should have rejected System Energy’s filing entirely, rather than limit System Energy’s recovery of the prepaid and accrued pension costs. Later in October 2024, System Energy, the LPSC, the APSC, and the FERC trial staff filed separate briefs opposing exceptions.

The FERC approved System Energy’s proposed prepaid and accrued pension recovery mechanism. System Energy has been utilizing this methodology in billings since December 1, 2022 and will continue to utilize it going forward. As a result of the FERC’s order, System Energy does not owe any refunds. In December 2025 the APSC filed a request for rehearing of the November 2025 order. The FERC indicated that the APSC’s request for rehearing will be addressed substantively in a future order. This proceeding is not covered by the global settlements described above.

MSS-4 Replacement Tariff – Net Operating Loss Carryforward Proceeding

In January 2021, pursuant to section 205 of the Federal Power Act, Entergy Services filed an amendment to the MSS-4 replacement tariff, a tariff governing the sales of energy and capacity among the Utility operating companies, in order to provide for the inclusion of specified accumulated deferred income taxes, including net operating loss carryforward accumulated deferred income taxes (NOLC ADIT), in the rate for sales of energy among the Utility operating companies on a prospective basis. In March 2021, the FERC accepted the filing, subject to refund and hearing procedures.

In October 2021 the LPSC filed a complaint with the FERC alleging that Entergy Services improperly excluded NOLC ADIT from MSS-4 replacement tariff rates in the period before March 20, 2021. The LPSC argued that sales from Entergy Louisiana to Entergy Texas and Entergy New Orleans were charged at rates lower than they otherwise should have been, and it accordingly seeks surcharges for the period prior to March 20, 2021. The FERC set the complaint for hearing procedures and subsequently the hearing for this complaint proceeding was consolidated with the hearing procedures for Entergy Services’ January 2021 NOLC ADIT filing.

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Testimony was filed by parties in 2023, and the hearing before a FERC ALJ was concluded in February 2024. In June 2024, the FERC ALJ issued an initial decision addressing three major issues: (1) whether Entergy Services’ proposed prospective inclusion and allocation of NOLC ADIT in MSS-4 replacement tariff rates using a modified with-and-without methodology is just and reasonable; (2) whether Entergy Services correctly calculated excess and deficient accumulated deferred income taxes in accordance with the terms of a prior settlement; and (3) whether NOLC ADIT should have been included in MSS-4 replacement tariff rates prior to the effective date of the January 2021 MSS-4 replacement tariff filing.

With respect to issues (1) and (2), the presiding ALJ concluded that Entergy Services’ proposed methodology for allocating and including NOLC ADIT in MSS-4 replacement tariff rates was just and reasonable and that Entergy Services correctly performed the excess and deficient accumulated deferred income taxes calculations. With respect to issue (3), however, the presiding ALJ agreed with the LPSC that NOLC ADIT should have been included in MSS-4 replacement tariff rates since September 1, 2016, and as a result, the presiding ALJ ordered that Entergy Louisiana and Entergy Arkansas recalculate bills for the period of September 1, 2016 through November 11, 2023 with surcharges expected to be due to those operating companies from the purchasing operating companies, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and Entergy Louisiana (for some Entergy Arkansas sales). The presiding ALJ also ordered Entergy Services to pay the interest owed to Entergy Louisiana on these surcharges.

The surcharge methodology that the presiding ALJ recommended in connection with issue (3) was not supported by any participant in the hearing. As part of their exceptions to the initial decision, all parties to the proceeding opposed the use of the ALJ’s methodology, except for the FERC trial staff, which took no position. During the hearing, the LPSC and the FERC trial staff advocated that the alleged tariff violation should be remedied by the application of Entergy Services’ January 2021 proposed methodology. All other parties, including the PUCT, the City Council, and Entergy Services, opposed any surcharges for the period prior to the March 20, 2021 effective date of the January 2021 filing.

Entergy Services disputes the presiding ALJ's rulings on issue (3) and filed exceptions to these rulings in July 2024. The ALJ's initial decision is not binding on the FERC and is an interim step in the hearing process. No refunds will be owed in connection with this proceeding unless and until the FERC requires them in a final order.

The MSS-4 replacement tariff includes protocols that provide for the disclosure of cost inputs, an opportunity for informal discovery procedures, and a challenge process. In April 2025, pursuant to such protocols, the City Council filed with the FERC a formal challenge relating to Entergy Services’ inclusion and allocation of net operating loss carryforward accumulated deferred income taxes in the MSS-4 replacement tariff rates charged to Entergy New Orleans’s monthly bills for calendar year 2023. In May 2025, Entergy Services filed a response to the formal challenge and is awaiting a response from the FERC.

Storm Cost Recovery Filings with Retail Regulators

Entergy Louisiana

Hurricane Francine

In September 2024, Hurricane Francine caused damage to the areas served by Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans.

In December 2024, and subsequently amended in an errata filed in February 2025, Entergy Louisiana submitted an application to the LPSC seeking a determination that approximately $183.6 million in storm restoration costs associated with Hurricane Francine were reasonable and necessary and, therefore, eligible for recovery from customers, as well as approval to recover approximately $3.6 million in certain carrying costs from

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customers. The $183.6 million included approximately $152.8 million in distribution capital costs and approximately $29.8 million in non-capital costs; the balance consisted of transmission and generation capital costs. Entergy Louisiana proposed in its application to recover its distribution-related capital costs of $152.8 million through the distribution recovery mechanism of its formula rate plan. Entergy Louisiana further requested the LPSC to authorize recovery of these distribution-related capital expenses through an interim rate adjustment, subject to true-up and refund, that would begin with the first billing cycle of March 2025. Entergy Louisiana also requested to recover, from its storm reserve escrow account, $33.5 million, which consisted of non-capital costs and certain carrying costs. Entergy Louisiana also proposed to recover the transmission and generation capital costs through separate ratemaking proceedings. See further discussion of the 2023 formula rate plan filing above. Also in February 2025, Entergy Louisiana withdrew the $33.5 million from its funded storm reserves. In June 2025 the LPSC staff filed direct testimony. The LPSC staff recommended approval of Entergy Louisiana’s as-requested storm restoration costs with the exception of approximately $10.6 million, comprised primarily of estimates of mutual assistance invoices that had not yet been received at the time of filing and that ultimately exceeded the actual amounts invoiced, as well as certain incentive compensation, and $1.8 million associated with certain carrying costs. In September 2025, Entergy Louisiana reached a settlement with the LPSC staff pursuant to which Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff agreed on the amounts recoverable by Entergy Louisiana in connection with Hurricane Francine. Both intervenors in the proceeding stated they did not oppose the settlement. A hearing on the proposed settlement before the ALJ occurred in October 2025. Pursuant to the terms of the settlement, Entergy Louisiana returned $1.9 million to its funded storm reserves in October 2025. The LPSC voted unanimously at its November 2025 meeting to adopt the settlement, and the order adopting the settlement was issued in December 2025.

Hurricane Laura, Hurricane Delta, Hurricane Zeta, Winter Storm Uri, and Hurricane Ida

In August 2020 and October 2020, Hurricane Laura, Hurricane Delta, and Hurricane Zeta caused significant damage to portions of Entergy Louisiana’s service area. The storms resulted in widespread outages, significant damage to distribution and transmission infrastructure, and the loss of sales during the outages. Additionally, as a result of Hurricane Laura’s extensive damage to the grid infrastructure serving the impacted area, large portions of the underlying transmission system required nearly a complete rebuild.

In October 2020, Entergy Louisiana filed an application at the LPSC seeking approval of certain ratemaking adjustments in connection with the issuance of shorter-term mortgage bonds to provide interim financing for restoration costs associated with Hurricane Laura, Hurricane Delta, and Hurricane Zeta. Subsequently, Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff filed a joint motion seeking approval to exclude from the derivation of Entergy Louisiana’s capital structure and cost rate of debt for ratemaking purposes, including the allowance for funds used during construction, shorter-term debt up to $1.1 billion issued by Entergy Louisiana to fund costs associated with Hurricane Laura, Hurricane Delta, and Hurricane Zeta costs on an interim basis. In November 2020 the LPSC issued an order approving the joint motion, and Entergy Louisiana issued $1.1 billion of 0.62% Series mortgage bonds due November 2023. Also in November 2020, Entergy Louisiana withdrew $257 million from its funded storm reserves.

In February 2021 two winter storms (collectively, Winter Storm Uri) brought freezing rain and ice to Louisiana. Ice accumulation sagged or downed trees, limbs, and power lines, causing damage to Entergy Louisiana’s transmission and distribution systems. The additional weight of ice caused trees and limbs to fall into power lines and other electric equipment. When the ice melted, it affected vegetation and electrical equipment, causing additional outages. Entergy Louisiana recovered the incremental fuel costs associated with Winter Storm Uri over a five-month period from April 2021 through August 2021.

In April 2021, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC relating to Hurricane Laura, Hurricane Delta, Hurricane Zeta, and Winter Storm Uri restoration costs and in July 2021, Entergy Louisiana made a supplemental filing updating the total restoration costs. Total restoration costs for the repair and/or replacement of Entergy Louisiana’s electric facilities damaged by these storms were estimated to be approximately $2.06 billion,

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including approximately $1.68 billion in capital costs and approximately $380 million in non-capital costs. Including carrying costs through January 2022, Entergy Louisiana sought an LPSC determination that $2.11 billion was prudently incurred and, therefore, was eligible for recovery from customers. Additionally, Entergy Louisiana requested that the LPSC determine that re-establishment of a storm escrow account to the previously authorized amount of $290 million was appropriate. In July 2021, Entergy Louisiana supplemented the application with a request regarding the financing and recovery of the recoverable storm restoration costs. Specifically, Entergy Louisiana requested approval to securitize its restoration costs pursuant to Louisiana Act 55 financing, as supplemented by Act 293 of the Louisiana Legislature’s Regular Session of 2021.

In August 2021, Hurricane Ida caused extensive damage to Entergy Louisiana’s distribution and, to a lesser extent, transmission systems resulting in widespread power outages. In September 2021, Entergy Louisiana filed an application at the LPSC seeking approval of certain ratemaking adjustments in connection with the issuance of approximately $1 billion of shorter-term mortgage bonds to provide interim financing for restoration costs associated with Hurricane Ida, which bonds were issued in October 2021. Also in September 2021, Entergy Louisiana sought approval for the creation and funding of a $1 billion restricted escrow account for Hurricane Ida related restoration costs, subject to a subsequent prudence review.

After filing of testimony by the LPSC staff and intervenors, which generally supported or did not oppose Entergy Louisiana’s requests in regard to Hurricane Laura, Hurricane Delta, Hurricane Zeta, Winter Storm Uri, and Hurricane Ida, the parties negotiated and executed an uncontested stipulated settlement which was filed with the LPSC in February 2022. The settlement agreement contained the following key terms: $2.1 billion of restoration costs from Hurricane Laura, Hurricane Delta, Hurricane Zeta, and Winter Storm Uri were prudently incurred and eligible for recovery; carrying costs of $51 million were recoverable; a $290 million cash storm reserve should be re-established; a $1 billion reserve should be established to partially pay for Hurricane Ida restoration costs; and Entergy Louisiana was authorized to finance $3.186 billion utilizing the securitization process authorized by Act 55, as supplemented by Act 293. The LPSC issued an order approving the settlement in March 2022. As a result of the financing order, Entergy Louisiana reclassified $1.942 billion from utility plant to other regulatory assets.

In May 2022 the securitization financing closed, resulting in the issuance of $3.194 billion principal amount of bonds by Louisiana Local Government Environmental Facilities and Community Development Authority (LCDA), a political subdivision of the State of Louisiana. The securitization was authorized pursuant to the Louisiana Utilities Restoration Corporation Act, Part VIII of Chapter 9 of Title 45 of the Louisiana Revised Statutes, as supplemented by Act 293 of the Louisiana legislature approved in 2021. The LCDA loaned the proceeds to the LURC. Pursuant to Act 293, the LURC contributed the net bond proceeds to a State legislatively authorized and LURC-sponsored trust, Restoration Law Trust I (the storm trust I).

Pursuant to Act 293, the net proceeds of the bonds were used by the storm trust I to purchase 31,635,718.7221 Class A preferred, non-voting membership interest units (the preferred membership interests) issued by Entergy Finance Company. Entergy Finance Company is required to make annual distributions (dividends) commencing on December 15, 2022 on the preferred membership interests issued to the storm trust I. These annual dividends received by the storm trust I will be distributed to Entergy Louisiana and the LURC, as beneficiaries of the storm trust I. Specifically, 1% of the annual dividends received by the storm trust I will be distributed to the LURC, for the benefit of customers, and 99% will be distributed to Entergy Louisiana, net of storm trust expenses. The preferred membership interests have a stated annual cumulative cash dividend rate of 7% and a liquidation price of $100 per unit. The terms of the preferred membership interests include certain financial covenants to which Entergy Finance Company is subject. Semi-annual redemptions of the preferred membership interests, subject to certain conditions, are expected to occur over the next 15 years.

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system restoration charge on behalf of the LURC and remits the collections to the bond indenture trustee. Entergy Louisiana began collecting the system restoration charge effective with the first billing cycle of June 2022 and the system restoration charge is expected to remain in place for up to 15 years. Entergy and Entergy Louisiana do not report the collections as revenue because Entergy Louisiana is merely acting as a billing and collection agent for the LCDA and the LURC. In the remote possibility that the system restoration charge, as well as any funds in the excess subaccount and funds in the debt service reserve account, are insufficient to service the bonds resulting in a payment default, the storm trust I is required to liquidate Entergy Finance Company preferred membership interests in an amount equal to what would be required to cure the default. The estimated value of this indirect guarantee is immaterial.

From the proceeds from the issuance of the preferred membership interests, Entergy Finance Company distributed $1.4 billion to its then-current parent, Entergy Holdings Company, LLC, a company wholly-owned and consolidated by Entergy. Subsequently, Entergy Holdings Company liquidated, distributing the $1.4 billion it received from Entergy Finance Company to Entergy Louisiana as holder of 6,843,780.24 units of Class A, 4,126,940.15 units of Class B, and 2,935,152.69 units of Class C preferred membership interests. Entergy Louisiana had acquired these preferred membership interests with proceeds from previous securitizations of storm restoration costs. Entergy Finance Company loaned the remaining $1.7 billion from the preferred membership interests proceeds to Entergy which used the cash to redeem $650 million of 4.00% Series senior notes due July 2022 and indirectly contributed $1 billion to Entergy Louisiana as a capital contribution.

Entergy Louisiana used the $1 billion capital contribution to fund its Hurricane Ida escrow account and subsequently withdrew the $1 billion from the escrow account. With a portion of the $1 billion withdrawn from the escrow account and the $1.4 billion from the Entergy Holdings Company liquidation, Entergy Louisiana deposited $290 million in a restricted escrow account as a storm damage reserve for future storms, used $1.2 billion to repay its unsecured term loan due June 2023, and used $435 million to redeem a portion of its 0.62% Series mortgage bonds due November 2023.

The securitization resulted in recognition of a reduction of income tax expense of approximately $290 million by Entergy Louisiana. Entergy’s recognition of reduced income tax expense was partially offset by other tax charges resulting in a net reduction of income tax expense of $283 million. In recognition of obligations described in an LPSC ancillary order issued as part of the securitization regulatory proceeding, Entergy Louisiana recorded a $224 million ($165 million net-of-tax) regulatory charge and a corresponding regulatory liability to reflect its obligation to provide credits to its customers. Entergy Louisiana is returning a portion of the credits to customers through the storm cost offset rider through 2034.

As discussed in Note 6 and Note 17 to the financial statements, Entergy Louisiana consolidates the storm trust I as a variable interest entity and the LURC’s 1% beneficial interest is presented as noncontrolling interest in the financial statements.

In April 2022, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC relating to Hurricane Ida restoration costs. Total restoration costs for the repair and/or replacement of Entergy Louisiana’s electric facilities damaged by Hurricane Ida were estimated to be approximately $2.54 billion, including approximately $1.96 billion in capital costs and approximately $586 million in non-capital costs. Including carrying costs of $57 million through December 2022, Entergy Louisiana was seeking an LPSC determination that $2.60 billion was prudently incurred and, therefore, eligible for recovery from customers. As part of this filing, Entergy Louisiana also was seeking an LPSC determination that an additional $32 million in costs associated with the restoration of Entergy Louisiana’s electric facilities damaged by Hurricane Laura, Hurricane Delta, and Hurricane Zeta as well as Winter Storm Uri was prudently incurred. This amount was exclusive of the requested $3 million in carrying costs through December 2022. In total, Entergy Louisiana was requesting an LPSC determination that $2.64 billion was prudently incurred and, therefore, eligible for recovery from customers. As discussed above, in March 2022 the LPSC approved financing of a $1 billion storm escrow account from which funds were withdrawn to finance costs associated with Hurricane Ida restoration. In June 2022, Entergy Louisiana supplemented the application with a request regarding

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the financing and recovery of the recoverable storm restoration costs. Specifically, Entergy Louisiana requested approval to securitize its restoration costs pursuant to Louisiana Act 55 financing, as supplemented by Act 293 of the Louisiana Legislature’s Regular Session of 2021. In October 2022 the LPSC staff recommended a finding that the requested storm restoration costs of $2.64 billion, including associated carrying costs of $59.1 million, were prudently incurred and eligible for recovery from customers. The LPSC staff further recommended approval of Entergy Louisiana’s plans to securitize these costs, net of the $1 billion in funds withdrawn from the storm escrow account described above. The parties negotiated and executed an uncontested stipulated settlement which was filed with the LPSC in December 2022. The settlement agreement contains the following key terms: $2.57 billion of restoration costs from Hurricane Ida, Hurricane Laura, Hurricane Delta, Hurricane Zeta, and Winter Storm Uri were prudently incurred and eligible for recovery; carrying costs of $59.2 million were recoverable; and Entergy Louisiana was authorized to finance $1.657 billion utilizing the securitization process authorized by Act 55, as supplemented by Act 293. A procedural motion to consider the uncontested settlement at the December 2022 LPSC meeting did not pass and the settlement was not voted on. In January 2023 an ALJ with the LPSC conducted a settlement hearing to receive the uncontested settlement and supporting testimony into evidence and issued a report of proceedings, which allows the LPSC to consider the uncontested settlement without the procedural motion that did not pass in December. In January 2023 the LPSC approved the stipulated settlement subject to certain modifications. These modifications include the recognition of accumulated deferred income tax benefits related to damaged assets and system restoration costs as a reduction of the amount authorized to be financed utilizing the securitization process authorized by Act 55, as supplemented by Act 293, from $1.657 billion to $1.491 billion. These modifications did not affect the LPSC’s conclusion that all system restoration costs sought by Entergy Louisiana were reasonable and prudent. In February 2023 the Louisiana Bond Commission voted to authorize the LCDA to issue the bonds authorized in the LPSC’s financing order.

In March 2023 the Hurricane Ida securitization financing closed, resulting in the issuance of approximately $1.491 billion principal amount of bonds by the LCDA and a remaining regulatory asset of $180 million to be recovered through the exclusion of the accumulated deferred income taxes related to damaged assets and system restoration costs from the determination of future rates. The securitization was authorized pursuant to the Louisiana Utilities Restoration Corporation Act, Part VIII of Chapter 9 of Title 45 of the Louisiana Revised Statutes, as supplemented by Act 293 of the Louisiana Legislature’s Regular Session of 2021. The LCDA loaned the proceeds to the LURC. Pursuant to Act 293, the LURC contributed the net bond proceeds to a State legislatively authorized and LURC-sponsored trust, Restoration Law Trust II (the storm trust II).

Pursuant to Act 293, the net proceeds of the bonds were used by the storm trust II to purchase 14,576,757.48 Class B preferred, non-voting membership interest units (the preferred membership interests) issued by Entergy Finance Company. Entergy Finance Company is required to make annual distributions (dividends) commencing on December 15, 2023 on the preferred membership interests issued to the storm trust II. These annual dividends received by the storm trust II will be distributed to Entergy Louisiana and the LURC, as beneficiaries of the storm trust II. Specifically, 1% of the annual dividends received by the storm trust II will be distributed to the LURC for the benefit of customers, and 99% will be distributed to Entergy Louisiana, net of storm trust expenses. The preferred membership interests have a stated annual cumulative cash dividend rate of 7.5% and a liquidation price of $100 per unit. The terms of the preferred membership interests include certain financial covenants to which Entergy Finance Company is subject. Semi-annual redemptions of the preferred membership interests, subject to certain conditions, are expected to occur over the next 15 years.

Entergy and Entergy Louisiana do not report the bonds issued by the LCDA on their balance sheets because the bonds are the obligation of the LCDA. The bonds are secured by system restoration property, which is the right granted by law to the LURC to collect a system restoration charge from customers. The system restoration charge is adjusted at least semi-annually to ensure that it is sufficient to service the bonds. Entergy Louisiana collects the system restoration charge on behalf of the LURC and remits the collections to the bond indenture trustee. Entergy Louisiana began collecting the system restoration charge effective with the first billing cycle of April 2023 and the system restoration charge is expected to remain in place for up to 15 years. Entergy and Entergy Louisiana do not report the collections as revenue because Entergy Louisiana is merely acting as a billing and collection agent for the

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LCDA and the LURC. In the remote possibility that the system restoration charge, as well as any funds in the excess subaccount and funds in the debt service reserve account, are insufficient to service the bonds resulting in a payment default, the storm trust II is required to liquidate Entergy Finance Company preferred membership interests in an amount equal to what would be required to cure the default. The estimated value of this indirect guarantee is immaterial.

From the proceeds from the issuance of the preferred membership interests, Entergy Finance Company loaned approximately $1.5 billion to Entergy, which was indirectly contributed to Entergy Louisiana as a capital contribution.

As discussed in Note 3 to the financial statements, the securitization resulted in recognition of a net reduction of income tax expense of approximately $133 million, after taking into account a provision for uncertain tax positions, by Entergy Louisiana. Entergy’s recognition of reduced income tax expense was offset by other tax charges resulting in a net reduction of income tax expense of $129 million, after taking into account a provision for uncertain tax positions. In recognition of its obligations described in an LPSC ancillary order issued as part of the securitization regulatory proceeding, Entergy Louisiana recorded in first quarter 2023 a $103 million ($76 million net-of-tax) regulatory charge and a corresponding regulatory liability to reflect its obligation to provide credits to its customers. Entergy Louisiana is returning a portion of the credits to customers through the storm cost offset rider through 2041.

As discussed in Note 6 and Note 17 to the financial statements, Entergy Louisiana consolidates the storm trust II as a variable interest entity and the LURC’s 1% beneficial interest is presented as noncontrolling interest in the financial statements. In first quarter 2023, Entergy Louisiana recorded a charge of $14.6 million in other income to reflect the LURC’s beneficial interest in the storm trust II.

Hurricane Isaac

In August 2012, Hurricane Isaac caused extensive damage to Entergy Louisiana’s service area. In June 2014 the LPSC authorized Entergy Louisiana to utilize Louisiana Act 55 financing for Hurricane Isaac system restoration costs. Entergy Louisiana committed to pass on to customers a minimum of $30.8 million of customer benefits through annual customer credits of approximately $6.2 million for five years. Approvals for the Act 55 financings were obtained from the LURC and the Louisiana State Bond Commission.

In August 2014 the LCDA issued $314.85 million in bonds under Louisiana Act 55. From the $309 million of bond proceeds loaned by the LCDA to the LURC, the LURC deposited $16 million in a restricted escrow account as a storm damage reserve for Entergy Louisiana and transferred $293 million directly to Entergy Louisiana. Entergy Louisiana used the $293 million received from the LURC to acquire 2,935,152.69 Class C preferred, non-voting, membership interest units of Entergy Holdings Company that carry a 7.5% annual distribution rate. Distributions were payable quarterly commencing on September 15, 2014, and the membership interests had a liquidation price of $100 per unit. The preferred membership interests were callable at the option of Entergy Holdings Company after ten years under the terms of the LLC agreement. The terms of the membership interests included certain financial covenants to which Entergy Holdings Company was subject, including the requirement to maintain a net worth of at least $1.75 billion. As discussed above in “Hurricane Laura, Hurricane Delta, Hurricane Zeta, Winter Storm Uri, and Hurricane Ida”, in May 2022, Entergy Holdings Company liquidated and distributed cash to Entergy Louisiana as holder of the 2,935,152.69 units of Class C preferred membership interests.

Entergy and Entergy Louisiana do not report the bonds issued by the LCDA on their balance sheets because the bonds are the obligation of the LCDA and there is no recourse against Entergy or Entergy Louisiana in the event of a bond default. Entergy and Entergy Louisiana do not report the collections as revenue because Entergy Louisiana is merely acting as the billing and collection agent for the state.

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Entergy Mississippi

Prior to June 2024, Entergy Mississippi had approval from the MPSC to collect a storm damage provision of $1.75 million per month. If Entergy Mississippi’s accumulated storm damage provision balance exceeded $15 million, the collection of the storm damage provision ceased until such time that the accumulated storm damage provision became less than $10 million. Entergy Mississippi’s storm damage provision balance had been less than $10 million since May 2019, and Entergy Mississippi had been billing the monthly storm damage provision since July 2019.

In December 2023, Entergy Mississippi filed a Notice of Storm Escrow Disbursement and Request for Interim Relief notifying the MPSC that Entergy Mississippi had requested disbursement of approximately $34.5 million of storm escrow funds from its restricted storm escrow account. The filing also requested authorization from the MPSC, on a temporary basis, that the $34.5 million of storm escrow funds be credited to Entergy Mississippi’s storm damage provision, pending the MPSC’s review of Entergy Mississippi’s storm-related costs, and that Entergy Mississippi continue to bill its monthly storm damage provision without suspension in the event the storm damage provision balance exceeded $15 million, in anticipation of a subsequent filing by Entergy Mississippi in this proceeding. The storm damage provision exceeded $15 million upon receipt of the storm escrow funds. Because the MPSC had not entered an order on Entergy Mississippi’s filing on the requested relief to continue billing this provision, Entergy Mississippi suspended billing the monthly storm damage provision effective with February 2024 bills.

In March 2024, Entergy Mississippi made a combined dual filing which included a notice of intent to make routine change in rates and schedules and a motion for determination relating to the above-described notice of storm escrow disbursement. The notice of intent proposed a new storm damage mitigation and restoration rider to supersede both the then-current storm damage rate schedule and the vegetation management rider schedule, in which the collection of both expenses would be combined. The proposal requested that the MPSC authorize Entergy Mississippi to collect approximately $5.2 million per month for vegetation management and a storm damage provision. Furthermore, if Entergy Mississippi’s accumulated vegetation management and storm damage provision balance were to exceed $70 million, collection under the storm damage mitigation and restoration rider would cease until such time that the accumulated vegetation management and storm damage provision would become less than $60 million.

The Mississippi Public Utilities Staff reviewed the storm-related costs submitted by Entergy Mississippi and found them prudent. In June 2024 the MPSC considered and unanimously granted the relief sought by Entergy Mississippi, including authorization to credit any remaining funds in the storm escrow account to Entergy Mississippi’s storm damage provision and to close the storm escrow account and approving the new storm damage mitigation and restoration rider. Entergy Mississippi’s storm escrow account was liquidated in July 2024, and the new combined storm damage mitigation and restoration rider became effective with the July 2024 billing cycle. Additionally, Entergy Mississippi made a compliance filing to cease billing under the existing vegetation management rider schedule as of the same billing cycle.

Entergy New Orleans

Hurricane Ida

In August 2021, Hurricane Ida caused significant damage to Entergy New Orleans’s service area, including Entergy’s electrical grid. The storm resulted in widespread power outages, including the loss of 100% of Entergy New Orleans’s load and damage to distribution and transmission infrastructure, including the loss of connectivity to the eastern interconnection. In September 2021, Entergy New Orleans withdrew $39 million from its funded storm reserves. In June 2022, Entergy New Orleans filed an application with the City Council requesting approval and certification that storm restoration costs associated with Hurricane Ida of approximately $170 million, which

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included $11 million in estimated costs, were reasonable, necessary, and prudently incurred to enable Entergy New Orleans to restore electric service to its customers and to repair Entergy New Orleans’s electric utility infrastructure. In addition, estimated carrying costs through December 2022 related to Hurricane Ida restoration costs were $9 million. Also, Entergy New Orleans requested approval that the $39 million withdrawal from its funded storm reserve in September 2021 and $7 million in excess storm reserve escrow withdrawals related to Hurricane Zeta in October 2020 and prior miscellaneous storms were properly applied to Hurricane Ida storm restoration costs, the application of which reduced the amount to be recovered from Entergy New Orleans customers by $46 million.

Additionally, in February 2022, Entergy New Orleans and the LURC filed with the City Council a securitization application requesting that the City Council review Entergy New Orleans’s storm reserve and increase the storm reserve funding level to $150 million, to be funded through securitization. In August 2022 the City Council’s advisors recommended that the City Council authorize a single securitization bond issuance to fund Entergy New Orleans’s storm recovery reserves to an amount sufficient to: (1) allow recovery of all of Entergy New Orleans’s unrecovered storm recovery costs following Hurricane Ida, subject to City Council review and certification; (2) provide initial funding of storm recovery reserves for future storms to a level of $75 million; and (3) fund the storm recovery bonds’ upfront financing costs. In September 2022, Entergy New Orleans and the City Council’s advisors entered into an agreement in principle, which was approved by the City Council along with a financing order in October 2022, which authorized Entergy New Orleans and the LURC to proceed with a single securitization bond issuance of approximately $206 million (subject to further adjustment and review pursuant to the Final Issuance Advice Letter process set forth in the financing order), with $125 million of that total to be used for interim recovery, subject to City Council review and certification, to be allocated to unrecovered Hurricane Ida storm recovery costs; $75 million of that total to provide for a storm recovery reserve for future storms; and the remainder to fund the recovery of the storm recovery bonds’ upfront financing costs.

In December 2022, Entergy New Orleans and the LURC filed with the City Council the Final Issuance Advice Letter for a securitization bond issuance in the amount of $209.3 million, the final structuring, terms, and pricing of which were approved by the City Council in accordance with the financing order. Also in December 2022 the LCDA issued $209.3 million in bonds pursuant to the Louisiana Electric Utility Storm Recovery Securitization Act, Part V-B of Chapter 9 of Title 45 of the Louisiana Revised Statutes, as supplemented by Act 293 of the Louisiana Regular Session of 2021. The LCDA loaned $201.8 million of bond proceeds, net of certain debt service and issuance costs, to the LURC. The LURC used the proceeds to purchase from Entergy New Orleans the storm recovery property, which is the right to collect storm recovery charges sufficient to pay the storm recovery bonds and associated financing costs, and Entergy New Orleans deposited $200 million in a restricted storm reserve escrow account as a storm damage reserve for Entergy New Orleans and received directly $1.8 million in estimated upfront financing costs. Subsequently, Entergy New Orleans withdrew $125 million from the newly securitized storm reserve to cover Hurricane Ida storm recovery costs, subject to a final determination from the City Council regarding the prudency of the storm recovery costs.

Entergy and Entergy New Orleans do not report the bonds issued by the LCDA on their balance sheets because the bonds are the obligation of the LCDA, and there is no recourse against Entergy or Entergy New Orleans in the event of a bond default. To service the bonds, Entergy New Orleans collects a storm recovery charge on behalf of the LURC and remits the collections to the bond indenture trustee. Entergy and Entergy New Orleans do not report the collections as revenue because Entergy New Orleans is merely acting as the billing and collection agent for the LURC.

In August 2023 the City Council advisors issued a report recommending that the City Council find that Entergy New Orleans prudently incurred approximately $164.1 million in storm restoration costs and $7.5 million in carrying charges and that such costs have already been properly recovered by Entergy New Orleans through withdrawals from the storm reserve escrow account. The City Council advisors also recommended that the City Council find that approximately $1.2 million in storm restoration costs had already been recovered through Entergy New Orleans’s base rates and that approximately $0.9 million in unused credits be applied against future storm

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costs. In August 2023 the City Council hearing officer certified the evidentiary record. In December 2023 the City Council approved a resolution adopting the advisors’ report and recommendations.

NOTE 3. INCOME TAXES (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Income taxes for Entergy for 2025, 2024, and 2023 consist of the following:

State income taxes are accrued primarily in the states in which the Registrant Subsidiaries operate, which includes Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas.

Income taxes for the Registrant Subsidiaries for 2025, 2024, and 2023 consist of the following:

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State income taxes are accrued primarily based on the retail jurisdiction in which each of the Utility operating companies operates and is subject to retail regulation for ratemaking purposes. Each Utility operating company serves retail customers within a single jurisdiction, which governs the determination of its state income tax cost of service and the related accruals. System Energy’s state income tax accrual pertains solely to Mississippi, the only state in which it operates.

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Income taxes paid (received) for Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries for 2025 consist of the following:

(a)Federal income taxes paid (received) includes the receipt of production tax credit sale proceeds at Entergy of $547 million, including $215 million, $198 million, and $134 million at Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Entergy, respectively.

The table above disaggregates income taxes paid (net of refunds) by type, including amounts remitted to U.S. federal and state taxing authorities and amounts paid under the Entergy Tax Allocation Agreement (ETAA). The ETAA governs intercompany settlements of income tax obligations between the Registrant Subsidiaries and Entergy, as if the Registrant Subsidiaries were separate taxpayers on a stand-alone or separate company basis, as applicable. Payments under the ETAA are shown separately to distinguish them from direct remittances to taxing authorities. State income taxes presented reflect amounts attributable to the jurisdiction in which the Registrant Subsidiary has its primary state tax nexus.

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Total income taxes for Entergy differ from the amounts computed by applying the statutory income tax rate to income before income taxes. The reasons for the differences for the years 2025, 2024, and 2023 are:

(a)See “Other Tax Matters - Arkansas and Louisiana Corporate Income Tax Rate Changes” below for details.

(b)See “Income Tax Audits - 2016-2018 IRS Audit” below for discussion of the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit in 2023.

(c)See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of Entergy Louisiana’s reversal of a regulatory liability, primarily associated with the Hurricane Isaac securitization, initially recognized in 2017 as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

(d)See “Other Tax Matters – Act 293 Securitizations” below for discussion of the Entergy Louisiana March 2023 storm cost securitizations.

(e)See “Income Tax Audits - State Income Tax Audits” below for discussion of the resolution of the 2014-2018 Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration examination in 2024.

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Total income taxes for the Registrant Subsidiaries differ from the amounts computed by applying the statutory income tax rate to income before taxes. The reasons for the differences for each Registrant Subsidiary for the years 2025, 2024, and 2023 are:

Entergy Arkansas

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Entergy Louisiana

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Entergy Mississippi

Entergy New Orleans

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Entergy Texas

System Energy

(a)See “Other Tax Matters - Arkansas and Louisiana Corporate Income Tax Rate Changes” below for details.

(b)See “Income Tax Audits - 2016-2018 IRS Audit” below for discussion of the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit in 2023.

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(c)See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of Entergy Louisiana’s reversal of a regulatory liability, primarily associated with the Hurricane Isaac securitization, recognized in 2017 as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

(d)See “Other Tax Matters - Act 293 Securitizations” below for discussion of the Entergy Louisiana March 2023 storm cost securitizations.

(e)See “Income Tax Audits - State Income Tax Audits” below for discussion of the resolution of the 2014-2018 Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration examination in 2024.

Significant components of accumulated deferred income taxes and taxes accrued for Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

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Entergy’s estimated tax attributes carryovers and their expiration dates as of December 31, 2025 are as follows:

As a result of the accounting for uncertain tax positions, the amount of the deferred tax assets reflected in the financial statements is less than the amount of the tax effect of the federal and state net operating loss carryovers, tax credit carryovers, and other tax attributes generated and reflected on income tax returns. Entergy evaluates the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income of the appropriate character will be generated to realize the benefits of existing deferred tax assets. When the evaluation indicates that Entergy will not be able to realize the existing benefits, a valuation allowance is recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the realizable amount.

Because it is more likely than not that the benefits from certain state net operating losses and other federal and state deferred tax assets will not be utilized, valuation allowances totaling $335 million as of December 31, 2025 and $339 million as of December 31, 2024 have been provided on the deferred tax assets related to federal and state jurisdictions in which Entergy does not currently expect to be able to utilize certain separate company tax return attributes, preventing realization of such deferred tax assets. Certain accelerated tax deductions which generated taxable losses in various taxing jurisdictions, and which have a limited term carryover period, have resulted in the impairment of the realizability of such carryovers and are reflected in the valuation allowance disclosed above.

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Significant components of accumulated deferred income taxes and taxes accrued for the Registrant Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

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The Registrant Subsidiaries’ estimated tax attributes carryovers and their expiration dates as of December 31, 2025 are as follows:

Unrecognized tax benefits

Accounting standards establish a “more-likely-than-not” recognition threshold that must be met before a tax benefit can be recognized in the financial statements. If a tax deduction is taken on a tax return but does not meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, an increase in income tax liability, above what is payable on the tax return, is required to be recorded. A reconciliation of Entergy’s beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

(a)Amounts in 2025 are primarily related to production tax credits generated in 2024 and 2025. See “Other Tax Matters - Inflation Reduction Act of 2022” below.

(b)Amounts in 2023 are primarily related to the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit as discussed in “Income Tax Audits - 2016-2018 IRS Audit” below. Amounts in 2024 are primarily related to the resolution of 2014-2018 Arkansas tax examination as discussed in “Income Tax Audits - State Income Tax Audits” below.

(c)Potential tax liability above what is payable on tax returns.

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The balances of unrecognized tax benefits include $2,781 million, $1,900 million, and $1,899 million as of December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively, which, if recognized, would lower the effective income tax rates. Because of the effect of deferred tax accounting, the remaining balances of unrecognized tax benefits of $414 million, $455 million, and $541 million as of December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively, if disallowed, would not affect the annual effective income tax rate but would accelerate the payment of cash to the taxing authority to an earlier period.

Entergy accrues interest expense, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. Entergy’s December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 accrued balance for the possible payment of interest is approximately $42 million, $32 million, and $39 million, respectively. Interest (net-of-tax) of $10 million, ($7) million, and ($11) million was recorded in 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

A reconciliation of the Registrant Subsidiaries’ beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for 2025, 2024, and 2023 is as follows:

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(a)Amounts in 2025 are primarily related to production tax credits generated in 2024 and 2025. See “Other Tax Matters - Inflation Reduction Act of 2022” below.

(b)The primary additions for Entergy Louisiana in 2023 are related to the Entergy Louisiana storm cost securitizations as discussed in “Other Tax Matters - Act 293 Securitizations” below.

(c)Amounts in 2023 are primarily related to the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit as discussed in “Income Tax Audits - 2016-2018 IRS Audit” below.

The Registrant Subsidiaries’ balances of unrecognized tax benefits included amounts which, if recognized, would have reduced income tax expense as follows:

Accrued balances for the possible payment of interest related to unrecognized tax benefits for the Registrant Subsidiaries are as follows:

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The Registrant Subsidiaries record interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. No penalties were recorded in 2025, 2024, and 2023. Interest (net-of-tax) was recorded as follows:

Income Tax Audits

Entergy and its subsidiaries file U.S. federal and various state income tax returns. IRS examinations are complete for years before 2019. All state taxing authorities’ examinations are complete for years before 2016. Entergy regularly defends its positions and works with the IRS to resolve audits. The resolution of audit issues could result in significant changes to the amounts of unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months.

2016-2018 IRS Audit

The IRS completed its examination of the 2016 through 2018 tax years and issued a Revenue Agent Report (RAR) for each federal filer under audit in November 2023. Entergy agreed to all adjustments contained in the RARs. Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries recorded all the material effects resulting from the RARs in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Utility Restructurings

In 2017, Entergy New Orleans undertook an internal restructuring, and in 2018, Entergy Arkansas and Entergy Mississippi also participated in internal restructurings under which these three Utility operating companies joined Entergy Louisiana as wholly-owned subsidiaries of Entergy Utility Holding Company, LLC. The change in ownership required Entergy to recognize Entergy Arkansas’s nuclear decommissioning liabilities for income tax purposes, which resulted in recognition of a gain for income tax purposes and a corresponding increase in the tax basis of assets, in accordance with the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury Regulations. Entergy determined that there was uncertainty regarding the treatment of certain aspects of the restructurings and recorded provisions for uncertain tax positions which are now considered to be effectively settled in accordance with accounting standards. The reversal of such provisions for uncertain tax positions resulted in a reduction of income tax expense of $156 million for Entergy Arkansas, $1 million for Entergy Mississippi, and $6 million for Entergy New Orleans.

The IRS also required Entergy New Orleans to reverse a tax gain associated with the 2017 restructuring that had been previously recognized, allowing Entergy New Orleans to reduce its tax expense by $39 million.

After the restructuring, Entergy Arkansas adopted a new method of accounting for income tax purposes in which its nuclear decommissioning costs are treated as production costs of electricity includable in cost of goods sold, which resulted in a $1.8 billion reduction in taxable income on its 2018 tax return that was treated as an unrecognized tax benefit. In conjunction with the audit, Entergy agreed with the IRS adjustments concerning the nuclear decommissioning tax position allowing Entergy Arkansas to include $102 million of its decommissioning liability in cost of goods sold.

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Mark-to-Market Method of Accounting

In 2016, Entergy Louisiana elected mark-to-market income tax treatment for various wholesale electric power purchase and sale agreements, including Entergy Louisiana’s contract to purchase electricity from the Vidalia hydroelectric facility and from System Energy under the Unit Power Sales Agreement as well as other intercompany power purchase agreements. The election resulted in a $2 billion deduction upon which a deferred tax liability was recorded. The IRS allowed the mark-to-market tax method of accounting associated with the Vidalia contract and various other third-party and intercompany wholesale electric power purchase and sale agreements. The IRS disallowed the net deductions associated with the Unit Power Sales Agreement, which did not have an effect on net tax expense. The net allowance resulted in a reversal of a provision for uncertain tax positions of $132 million and a corresponding reduction of income tax expense.

In 2017, Entergy New Orleans also elected mark-to-market income tax treatment for the Unit Power Sales Agreement and various intercompany wholesale electric contracts which resulted in a $1 billion deduction upon which a deferred tax liability was recorded. The IRS allowed the mark-to-market tax method of accounting associated with various intercompany and third-party wholesale electric contracts. The IRS disallowed the net deductions associated with the Unit Power Sales Agreement, which did not have an effect on net tax expense. The net allowance resulted in a reversal of a provision for uncertain tax positions of $139 million and a corresponding reduction of income tax expense.

In 2018, Entergy Arkansas and Entergy Mississippi each accrued approximately $2 billion in deductions upon which deferred tax liabilities were recorded related to mark-to-market tax accounting for the Unit Power Sales Agreement and various wholesale electric contracts. The IRS allowed the mark-to-market tax method of accounting associated with various intercompany and third-party wholesale electric contracts. The IRS disallowed the net deductions associated with the Unit Power Sales Agreement, which did not have an effect on net tax expense. The effective settlement of the mark-to-market tax position for Entergy Arkansas resulted in the accrual of an increase to tax expense of $40 million, which was offset by approximately $5 million of miscellaneous excess ADIT recognized as a result of the 2016-2018 IRS audit resolution. The net increase to tax expense is deferred as a regulatory asset, as discussed within the “Regulatory and Other Matters” section below.

Restructuring of Entergy’s Non-Utility Operations Business

During the 2016 to 2018 audit period, the ownership of certain of Entergy’s non-utility operations business nuclear power plants (previously reported as part of Entergy Wholesale Commodities) was restructured. Such restructuring transactions required Entergy to recognize the plants’ nuclear decommissioning liabilities for income tax purposes. The accrual of the nuclear decommissioning liabilities also required Entergy to recognize a gain for income tax purposes, a significant portion of which resulted in an increase in the tax basis of the assets. Because certain aspects of the restructuring transactions involved uncertainty, Entergy recorded a provision for uncertain tax positions. The IRS did not propose adjustments to the tax treatment of the restructuring transactions resulting in a net decrease to income tax expense of $288 million from the reversal of the provision for uncertain tax positions in fourth quarter 2023.

Reduction of Net Operating Loss Carryovers

The IRS audit reduced Entergy’s net operating loss carryover by $8 billion. A portion of Entergy’s audit adjustments were not offset by losses which resulted in a tax liability of $79 million, which was fully offset by prior deposits made by Entergy. Entergy received an assessment of interest in excess of prior deposits of $13 million in December 2023, and such interest was paid in January 2024.

Net operating loss carryovers were reduced by $4 billion for Entergy Arkansas, $1 billion for Entergy Louisiana, $2 billion for Entergy Mississippi, $1 billion for Entergy New Orleans, and $40 million for System

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Energy. The IRS audit adjustments were also factored into the settle-up required under Entergy’s ETAA, and such amounts were settled in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Regulatory and Other Matters

In accordance with prior regulatory agreements associated with the Entergy Louisiana and Entergy Gulf States Louisiana business combination and Entergy New Orleans restructuring and general rate-making principles, Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans, respectively, recorded a regulatory liability and an associated regulatory charge of $38 million and $60 million ($28 million and $44 million net-of-tax), in December 2023.

Additionally, in December 2023, a regulatory asset for income tax associated with deficient ADIT of $35 million, $2 million, and $3 million, was recorded for Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and Entergy Mississippi, respectively. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of Entergy Arkansas’s regulatory activity related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and discussion of the settlement of Entergy Arkansas’s 2023 formula rate plan.

As noted above, Entergy accrues interest expense related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. As a result of the IRS audit resolution, Entergy reversed approximately $24 million of interest related to the allowance of previously unrecognized tax benefits in December 2023.

Reversal of net deferred credits associated with the accounting for income taxes upon the resolution of the IRS audit resulted in a reduction/(increase) in income tax expense in December 2023 of $9 million, $42 million, ($2) million, $2 million, $2 million, and $1 million for Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy, respectively.

In April 2024, Entergy New Orleans and the City Council entered into a settlement in principle whereby Entergy New Orleans agreed to share with customers $138 million of income tax benefits from the resolution of the 2016–2018 IRS audit. Based on this settlement in principle, in first quarter 2024 Entergy New Orleans increased the associated regulatory liability from $60 million to $138 million and recorded a corresponding $78 million regulatory charge ($57 million net-of-tax). The settlement in principle requires that the regulatory liability be amortized over 25 years beginning January 2025 with the unamortized balance included in rate base and the amortization treated as a reduction to Entergy New Orleans’s retail revenue requirement.

In September 2024 the LPSC unanimously approved a jointly filed global stipulated settlement agreement between Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff whereby Entergy Louisiana agreed to $184 million of customer rate credits to be given over two years, including customer sharing of income tax benefits resulting from the 2016-2018 IRS audit.

Included in the effect of the IRS audit on the results of operations was the measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities influenced by the 2017 enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act income tax rate change discussed below. With the conclusion of the audit, there are no remaining federal unrecognized tax benefits affected by the rate differential which could impact income tax expense and the regulatory liability for income taxes in future periods.

State Income Tax Audits

In the third quarter 2024, Entergy and the Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration resolved the terms of the Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration’s outstanding tax assessments related to the examination of the 2014 through 2018 tax years. The agreement resulted in a payment of tax of approximately $8 million by Entergy. As a result of the income tax audit adjustments and the reversal of a provision for uncertain

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tax positions, Entergy Arkansas recorded a net reduction in income tax expense of approximately $18 million, which was offset by approximately $9 million of income tax expense recorded by other Entergy subsidiaries, resulting in a net reduction in income tax expense for Entergy of $9 million.

Other Tax Matters

Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA)

The most significant effect of the TCJA for Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries was the change in the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, effective January 1, 2018. Entergy had net regulatory liability balances of $1.1 billion and $1.2 billion as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. These liabilities were primarily associated with the re-measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities due to the income tax rate change and subsequent amortization of excess ADIT.

Excess ADIT is generally classified into two categories: (1) the portion that is subject to the normalization requirements of the TCJA, referred to as “protected”, and (2) the portion that is not subject to such normalization provisions, referred to as “unprotected”. The majority of the remaining unamortized excess ADIT as of December 31, 2025 is classified as protected. Under ARAM, the excess ADIT is reduced over the remaining life of the asset. Remaining asset lives vary for each Registrant Subsidiary, but the average life of public utility property is typically 30 years or longer. Entergy will amortize the protected portion of the excess ADIT in compliance with the normalization requirements.

Entergy’s net regulatory liability for income taxes includes a gross-up using the applicable tax rate to account for the effect of income taxes on the revenue requirement in the ratemaking formula. The Registrant Subsidiaries’ December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 balance sheets reflect net regulatory liabilities for income taxes as follows:

Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, signed into law on August 16, 2022, significantly expanded federal tax incentives for clean energy production, including the extension of production tax credits to solar projects and certain qualified nuclear power facilities.

Entergy Arkansas accrued solar production tax credits associated with the Walnut Bend Solar facility, the Driver Solar facility, and the West Memphis Solar facility of approximately $5 million in 2024 and approximately $35 million in 2025. As the value of such credits is expected to be provided to customers, a regulatory liability has been recorded for all credits recognized.

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In second quarter 2025, Entergy, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy determined, based on current analysis and evolving regulatory developments, that it was appropriate to record zero-emission nuclear production tax credits under Internal Revenue Code section 45U for electricity generated in 2024 by their respective nuclear power facilities. Such credits have been claimed on the Entergy 2024 federal income tax return. Because the U.S. Treasury and the IRS have not issued final guidance regarding the application of Internal Revenue Code section 45U, including the definition of “gross receipts,” Entergy treated the full amount of the Internal Revenue Code section 45U credits as an uncertain tax position in accordance with the income tax accounting standards.

The value of the nuclear production tax credits was calculated based on the amount of electricity generated and sold by each nuclear generating unit owned by Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy during the year, multiplied by the applicable credit rate (i.e., dollars per kWh). The applicable credit rate included the incremental amount of credit for meeting the “prevailing wages” criteria under the Inflation Reduction Act. Entergy also applied the statutorily required reduction amount in arriving at the value of the nuclear production tax credits. This reduction amount was driven by the “gross receipts” received by each unit for its yearly energy production. For credits claimed on the Entergy 2024 federal income tax return, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy recognized nuclear production tax credits of $221.4 million, $208.9 million, and $140.9 million, respectively, resulting in Entergy consolidated nuclear production tax credits of $571.2 million recognized in second quarter 2025. Additionally, in fourth quarter 2025, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy recognized nuclear production tax credits expected to be claimed on the Entergy 2025 federal income tax return of $104.4 million, $58.6 million, and $72.1 million, respectively, resulting in Entergy consolidated nuclear production tax credits of $235.1 million. Entergy also treated the full amount of the 2025 Internal Revenue Code section 45U credits as an uncertain tax position in accordance with the income tax accounting standards.

During September and October 2025, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy transferred the 2024 nuclear production tax credits to third parties and received cash of $210.1 million, $198.3 million, and $133.8 million, respectively, resulting in total Entergy cash receipts of $542.2 million. In addition, Entergy Arkansas sold its 2024 solar production tax credits to a third party and received cash receipts of approximately $5.1 million. The proceeds from the transfers reflected a market-based discount. In accordance with the Unit Power Sales Agreement and the MSS-4 replacement tariff, portions of the net proceeds from the transfers of the production tax credits were paid by Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy to the buyers of energy and capacity under those wholesale agreements. These provisions include the right to recover the transferred proceeds from the 2024 nuclear production tax credits and associated costs if all or a portion of the value of the credits is disallowed by the IRS. Based on these provisions and the uncertainty regarding the tax position, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy recognized regulatory assets upon flowing through the proceeds of the credits. The Utility operating companies receiving the proceeds from the nuclear production tax credits recognized corresponding regulatory liabilities. These intercompany balances are eliminated on Entergy’s consolidated balance sheet.

In August 2025 the LPSC issued an order approving an agreement between Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff regarding the monetization of 2024 nuclear production tax credits. The order allows Entergy Louisiana to retain the net proceeds of the nuclear production tax credits while the associated tax position remains uncertain. While it retains the net proceeds, Entergy Louisiana will accrue a liability to its customers at its weighted average cost of capital. It further provides that customers will be responsible for the associated costs should the IRS reduce some or all of the value of the nuclear production tax credits transferred to third parties. Once the IRS makes a final determination affirming the value of the nuclear production tax credits or the audit period expires without the IRS making a final determination disallowing some or all of the value of the nuclear production tax credits, Entergy Louisiana will commence flowing to its customers the value of the nuclear production tax credits, including carrying charges. In January 2026 the APSC opened a docket to investigate the sale of Entergy Arkansas’s nuclear

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production tax credits and the appropriate ratemaking treatment of production tax credits for all of Entergy Arkansas’s eligible resources, including how the proceeds of any sales should flow through to customers. As directed by the APSC, in February 2026, Entergy Arkansas submitted a compliance filing to the APSC verifying the status of the solar production tax credits. The filing also verified that the net proceeds from the sale of the nuclear production tax credits were recorded in FERC accounts that are accruing a return for customers’ benefit at a rate that is above the customer deposit rate. Entergy will continue to monitor further developments and reassess the uncertain tax position as additional guidance or other information emerges.

Tax Accounting Methods

In 2020, Entergy Texas elected mark-to-market income tax treatment for wholesale electric power purchase and sale agreements which resulted in a $2.5 billion deduction upon which a deferred tax liability was recorded.

Arkansas and Louisiana Corporate Income Tax Rate Changes

Since 2019, the State of Arkansas has enacted corporate income tax law changes that have phased in rate reductions from the former rate of 6.5% to the currently enacted rate of 4.3%. As a result of the rate reductions, Entergy Arkansas has recorded regulatory liabilities for income taxes of approximately $29 million, $26 million, and $15 million in 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively, and a total of $32 million for years prior to 2022. The regulatory liabilities include a tax gross-up related to the treatment of income taxes in the retail and wholesale ratemaking formulas and have been or are scheduled to be included in future rate mechanisms.

In November 2024, during the Louisiana Third Special Legislative Session of 2024, the Louisiana legislature enacted comprehensive tax reform measures that impact corporate income taxes through a reduction in rates to a flat 5.5% (from the then-current highest marginal rate of 7.5%), effective January 1, 2025. Accordingly, deferred tax assets and liabilities were adjusted, with associated regulatory assets and liabilities for income taxes, to reflect the new applicable state rate. As a result of the rate reduction, Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans recorded regulatory liabilities for income taxes of approximately $179 million and $9 million, respectively. The regulatory liabilities include a tax gross-up related to the treatment of income taxes in the retail and wholesale ratemaking formulas and have been or are scheduled to be included in future rate mechanisms. In fourth quarter 2024, as a result of the net reduction in certain deferred tax assets and liabilities, Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans recorded an increase of income tax expense of approximately $16.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively, with an additional $12.1 million increase of income tax expense recorded by other Entergy subsidiaries.

Act 293 Securitizations

As described in Note 2 to the financial statements, in March of 2023, Entergy Louisiana implemented a securitization transaction authorized under Act 293 of the Louisiana Legislature’s Regular Session of 2021. Act 293 provides that the LURC contribute the net bond proceeds to a LURC-sponsored trust. Over the 15-year term of the Act 293 bonds, the respective storm trusts will make distributions to Entergy Louisiana, a beneficiary of the storm trusts, that will not be taxable to Entergy Louisiana.

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Accordingly, the securitizations provided for a tax accounting permanent difference resulting in net reductions of income tax expense for Entergy Louisiana of approximately $133 million after taking into account a provision for uncertain tax positions. Entergy’s recognition of reduced income tax expense was offset by other tax changes resulting in a net reduction of income tax expense for Entergy of approximately $129 million after taking into account a provision for uncertain tax positions.

In recognition of its obligations described in LPSC ancillary orders issued as part of the securitization regulatory proceedings, Entergy Louisiana recorded regulatory liabilities of $103 million ($76 million net-of-tax) in first quarter 2023 to reflect its obligation to provide credits to its customers. See Note 2 to the financial statements for further discussion of the Entergy Louisiana March 2023 storm cost securitizations.

Sale of Natural Gas Distribution Business

See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025. Entergy recognized a gain of approximately $328 million for federal tax purposes, with Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans recognizing $149 million and $179 million, respectively. Both Entergy and Entergy Louisiana have sufficient federal tax net operating loss carryforwards to offset their respective gains. Accordingly, Entergy does not have a resulting federal income tax obligation as a result of the transaction, nor will Entergy Louisiana be required to make a federal tax payment under the terms of the ETAA. Entergy New Orleans fully absorbed its federal tax net operating loss carryforward in 2025, and its resulting federal tax payment under the ETAA will be dependent upon its results of operations reflected on its 2025 income tax returns.

NOTE 4. REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITIES, LINES OF CREDIT, AND SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Entergy Corporation’s credit facility includes a covenant requiring Entergy to maintain a consolidated debt ratio, as defined, of 65% or less of its total capitalization. Entergy is in compliance with this covenant. If Entergy fails to meet this ratio, or if Entergy Corporation or one of the Registrant Subsidiaries (except Entergy New Orleans and System Energy) defaults on other indebtedness or is in bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, an acceleration of the Entergy Corporation credit facility’s maturity date may occur.

Entergy Corporation has a commercial paper program with a Board-approved program limit of $2 billion. As of December 31, 2025, Entergy Corporation had $637.8 million of commercial paper outstanding. The weighted-average interest rate for the year ended December 31, 2025 was 4.58%.

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Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Texas each had credit facilities available as of December 31, 2025 as follows:

(a)The interest rate is the estimated interest rate as of December 31, 2025 that would have been applied to outstanding borrowings under the facility.

(b)Borrowings under this Entergy Arkansas credit facility may be secured by a security interest in its accounts receivable at Entergy Arkansas’s option.

The commitment fees on the credit facilities range from 0.075% to 0.375% of the undrawn commitment amount for Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy Texas, and of the entire facility amount for Entergy New Orleans. Each of the credit facilities requires the Registrant Subsidiary borrower to maintain a debt ratio, as defined, of 65% or less of its total capitalization. Each Registrant Subsidiary is in compliance with this covenant.

The following is a summary of the uncommitted standby letter of credit facilities as of December 31, 2025:

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The short-term borrowings of the Registrant Subsidiaries are limited to amounts authorized by the FERC. Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy have FERC-authorized short-term borrowing limits effective through January 2027. The FERC-authorized short-term borrowing limit for Entergy Arkansas is effective through February 2028. In addition to borrowings from commercial banks, these companies may also borrow from the Entergy system money pool and from other internal short-term borrowing arrangements. The money pool is an intercompany cash management program that makes possible intercompany borrowing and lending arrangements, and the money pool and the other internal borrowing arrangements are designed to reduce the Registrant Subsidiaries’ dependence on external short-term borrowings. Borrowings from internal and external short-term borrowings combined may not exceed the FERC-authorized limits. The following are the FERC-authorized limits for short-term borrowings and the outstanding short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2025 (aggregating both internal and external short-term borrowings) for the Registrant Subsidiaries:

Vermont Yankee Credit Facility (Entergy Corporation)

In January 2019, Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee was transferred to NorthStar and its credit facility was assumed by Entergy Assets Management Operations, LLC (formerly Vermont Yankee Asset Retirement, LLC), Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee’s parent company that remains an Entergy subsidiary after the transfer. In December 2024, Entergy repaid the total $139 million of cash borrowings outstanding under the facility, and the facility was subsequently terminated.

Variable Interest Entities (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy)

See Note 17 to the financial statements for a discussion of the consolidation of the nuclear fuel company variable interest entities (VIEs). To finance the acquisition and ownership of nuclear fuel, the nuclear fuel company VIEs have credit facilities and three of the four VIEs also issue commercial paper, details of which follow as of December 31, 2025:

(a)Includes letter of credit fees and bank fronting fees on commercial paper issuances by the nuclear fuel company VIEs for Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy. The nuclear fuel company

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VIE for Entergy Louisiana River Bend does not issue commercial paper, but borrows directly on its bank credit facility.

The commitment fees on the credit facilities are 0.100% of the undrawn commitment amount for the Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy nuclear fuel company VIEs. Each credit facility requires the respective lessee of nuclear fuel (Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, or Entergy Corporation as guarantor for System Energy) to maintain a consolidated debt ratio, as defined, of 70% or less of its total capitalization. Each lessee is in compliance with this covenant.

The nuclear fuel company VIEs had notes payable that were included in debt on the respective balance sheets as of December 31, 2025 as follows:

In accordance with regulatory treatment, interest on the nuclear fuel company VIEs’ credit facilities, commercial paper, and long-term notes payable is reported in fuel expense.

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NOTE 5. LONG - TERM DEBT (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Long-term debt for Entergy as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 consisted of:

(a)Consists of pollution control revenue bonds and environmental revenue bonds, all of which are secured by mortgage bonds.

(b)Entergy Corporation will pay interest at an annual rate of 7.125% through November 2029. Commencing on December 1, 2029, the annual rate will equal the five-year treasury rate as of the most recent reset

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interest determination date plus 2.67%, which interest resets will occur on each five-year anniversary of December 1 after December 1, 2029.

(c)Entergy Corporation will pay interest at an annual rate of 6.100% through June 14, 2036. Commencing on June 15, 2036, the annual rate will equal the five-year treasury rate as of the most recent reset interest determination date plus 2.013%, provided that the interest rate during an interest reset period will not reset below 6.100%. Interest resets will occur on each five-year anniversary of June 15 after June 15, 2036.

(d)Entergy Corporation will pay interest at an annual rate of 5.875% through June 14, 2031. Commencing on June 15, 2031, the annual rate will equal the five-year treasury rate as of the most recent reset interest determination date plus 2.179%, provided that the interest rate during an interest reset period will not reset below 5.875%. Interest resets will occur on each five-year anniversary of June 15 after June 15, 2031.

(e)Pursuant to the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, Entergy’s nuclear owner/licensee subsidiaries have contracts with the DOE for spent nuclear fuel disposal service. The contracts include a one-time fee for generation prior to April 7, 1983. Entergy Arkansas is the only Entergy company that generated electric power with nuclear fuel prior to that date and includes the one-time fee, plus accrued interest, in long-term debt.

The annual long-term debt maturities (excluding lease obligations and long-term DOE obligations) for debt outstanding as of December 31, 2025, for the next five years are as follows:

Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy have obtained long-term financing authorizations from the FERC that extend through January 2027. Entergy Arkansas has obtained long-term financing authorization from the FERC that extends through February 2028. Entergy New Orleans has obtained long-term financing authorization from the City Council that extends through December 2027. Entergy Arkansas has also obtained first mortgage bond/secured financing authorization from the APSC that extends through December 2027.

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Long-term debt for the Registrant Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 consisted of:

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(a)Pursuant to the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, Entergy’s nuclear owner/licensee subsidiaries have contracts with the DOE for spent nuclear fuel disposal service. The contracts include a one-time fee for generation prior to April 7, 1983. Entergy Arkansas is the only Entergy company that generated electric power with nuclear fuel prior to that date and includes the one-time fee, plus accrued interest, in long-term debt.

(b)Consists of pollution control revenue bonds.

(c)The debt is secured by a series of collateral mortgage bonds.

The annual long-term debt maturities (excluding lease obligations and long-term DOE obligations) for debt outstanding as of December 31, 2025, for the next five years are as follows:

Debt Issuances and Retirements

Entergy Arkansas Debt Issuance

In January 2026, Entergy Arkansas issued $500 million of 4.95% Series mortgage bonds due January 2036 and $500 million of 5.75% Series mortgage bonds due January 2056. Entergy Arkansas used the proceeds, together with other funds, to repay, prior to maturity, its $600 million of 3.5% Series mortgage bonds due April 2026. Entergy Arkansas expects to use the remaining proceeds, together with other funds, to finance a portion of the construction of generation projects, including the Ironwood Power Station (formerly Lake Catherine Unit 5) and the Arkansas Cypress Solar facility, and for general corporate purposes.

Entergy Louisiana Debt Retirement

In January 2026, Entergy Louisiana redeemed, at maturity, $250 million of 4.44% Series mortgage bonds.

System Energy Debt Issuance

In January 2026, the System Energy nuclear fuel company VIE issued $80 million of 5.28% Series L intermediate term secured notes due January 2029. The System Energy nuclear fuel company VIE expects to use the proceeds to purchase additional nuclear fuel. See additional discussion of the System Energy nuclear fuel company VIE in Note 4 and Note 17 to the financial statements.

Securitization Bonds

Entergy New Orleans Securitization Bonds - Hurricane Isaac

In May 2015 the City Council issued a financing order authorizing the issuance of securitization bonds to recover Entergy New Orleans’s Hurricane Isaac storm restoration costs of $31.8 million, including carrying costs, the costs of funding and replenishing the storm recovery reserve in the amount of $63.9 million, and approximately $3 million of up-front financing costs associated with the securitization. In July 2015, Entergy New Orleans Storm Recovery Funding I, L.L.C., a company wholly owned and consolidated by Entergy New Orleans, issued $98.7 million of storm cost recovery bonds. The bonds have a coupon of 2.67%. Although the principal amount

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was not due until June 2027, Entergy New Orleans Storm Recovery Funding made a principal payment on the bonds in the amount of $6.2 million in 2024, after which the bonds were fully repaid.

Entergy Texas Securitization Bonds - Hurricane Laura, Hurricane Delta, and Winter Storm Uri

In January 2022 the PUCT authorized the issuance of securitization bonds to recover $242.9 million of Entergy Texas’s Hurricane Laura, Hurricane Delta, and Winter Storm Uri restoration costs, plus carrying costs, plus approximately $13.3 million relating to a system restoration regulatory asset related to Hurricane Harvey, plus up-front qualified costs. In April 2022, Entergy Texas Restoration Funding II, LLC, a company wholly-owned and consolidated by Entergy Texas, issued $290.85 million of senior secured system restoration bonds (securitization bonds), as follows:

Although the principal amount of each tranche is not due until the dates given above, Entergy Texas Restoration Funding II expects to make principal payments on the securitization bonds over the next two years in the amounts of $19.4 million for 2026 and $13.4 million for 2027 for Tranche A-1, after which Tranche A-1 will be fully repaid. Entergy Texas Restoration Funding II expects to begin principal payments for Tranche A-2 in 2027 with payments of $6.6 million in 2027, $20.5 million in 2028, $21.2 million in 2029, and $21.9 million in 2030.

With the proceeds, Entergy Texas Restoration Funding II purchased from Entergy Texas the transition property, which is the right to recover from customers through a system restoration charge amounts sufficient to service the securitization bonds. Entergy Texas began cost recovery through the system restoration charge effective with the first billing cycle of May 2022 and the system restoration charge is expected to remain in place up to 15 years. The creditors of Entergy Texas do not have recourse to the assets or revenues of Entergy Texas Restoration Funding II, including the transition property, and the creditors of Entergy Texas Restoration Funding II do not have recourse to the assets or revenues of Entergy Texas. Entergy Texas has no payment obligations to Entergy Texas Restoration Funding II except to remit system restoration charge collections.

Grand Gulf Sale-Leaseback Transactions

In 1988, in two separate but substantially identical transactions, System Energy sold and leased back undivided ownership interests in Grand Gulf for the aggregate sum of $500 million. The initial term of the leases expired in July 2015. System Energy renewed the leases in December 2013 for fair market value with renewal terms expiring in July 2036. At the end of the new lease renewal terms, System Energy has the option to repurchase the leased interests in Grand Gulf or renew the leases at fair market value. In the event that System Energy does not renew or purchase the interests, System Energy would surrender such interests and their associated entitlement of Grand Gulf’s capacity and energy.

System Energy is required to report the sale-leaseback as a financing transaction in its financial statements. As such, it has recognized debt for the lease obligation and retained the portion of the plant subject to the sale-leaseback on its balance sheet. For financial reporting purposes, System Energy has recognized interest expense on the debt balance and depreciation on the applicable plant balance. The lease payments are recognized as principal and interest payments on the debt balance.

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As of December 31, 2025, System Energy, in connection with the Grand Gulf sale and leaseback transactions, had future minimum lease payments, as follows, which reflects the effect of the December 2013 renewal:

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NOTE 6. PREFERRED EQUITY AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy Texas)

The number of shares and units authorized and outstanding and dollar value of preferred stock, preferred membership interests, and noncontrolling interests for Entergy Corporation subsidiaries as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are presented below.

(a)In October 2015, Entergy Utility Holding Company, LLC issued 110,000 units of $1,000 liquidation value 7.5% Series A Preferred Membership Interests, all of which are outstanding as of December 31, 2025. The distributions are cumulative and payable quarterly. These units are redeemable on or after January 1, 2036, at Entergy Utility Holding Company, LLC’s option, at the fixed redemption price of $1,000 per unit. Dollar amount outstanding is net of $2,575 thousand of preferred stock issuance costs.

(b)In November 2017, Entergy Utility Holding Company, LLC issued 15,000 units of $1,000 liquidation value 6.25% Series B Preferred Membership Interests, all of which are outstanding as of December 31, 2025. The distributions are cumulative and payable quarterly. These units are redeemable on or after February 28, 2038, at Entergy Utility Holding Company, LLC’s option, at the fixed redemption price of $1,000 per unit. Dollar amount outstanding is net of $634 thousand of preferred stock issuance costs.

(c)In November 2018, Entergy Utility Holding Company, LLC issued 75,000 units of $1,000 liquidation value 6.75% Series C Preferred Membership Interests, all of which are outstanding as of December 31, 2025. The distributions are cumulative and payable quarterly. These units are redeemable on or after February 28,

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2039, at Entergy Utility Holding Company, LLC’s option, at the fixed redemption price of $1,000 per unit. Dollar amount outstanding is net of $1,630 thousand of preferred stock issuance costs.

(d)In December 2013, Entergy Finance Holding, Inc. issued 250,000 shares of $100 par value 8.75% Series Preferred Stock, all of which are outstanding as of December 31, 2025. The dividends are cumulative and payable quarterly.’s option, at a fixed redemption price of $100 per share. Dollar amount outstanding is net of $751 thousand of preferred stock issuance costs.

(e)Currently, all shares are held by Entergy Corporation.

The number of shares authorized and outstanding and dollar value of preferred stock for Entergy Texas as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are presented below.

(a)In September 2019, Entergy Texas issued $35 million of 5.375% Series A Preferred Stock, a total of 1,400,000 shares with a liquidation value of $25 per share, all of which are outstanding as of December 31, 2025. The dividends are cumulative and payable quarterly. The preferred stock became redeemable on October 15, 2024, at Entergy Texas’s option, at a fixed redemption price of $25 per share.

(b)In November 2021, Entergy Texas issued $3.75 million of 5.10% Series B Preferred Stock, a total of 150,000 shares with a liquidation value of $25 per share, all of which are outstanding and held by Entergy Corporation as of December 31, 2025. The dividends are cumulative and payable quarterly. The preferred stock is redeemable, at Entergy Texas’s option, at a fixed redemption price of $25.50 per share prior to November 1, 2026 and at a fixed redemption price of $25 per share on or after November 1, 2026.

Dividends and distributions paid on all of Entergy Corporation’s subsidiaries’ preferred stock and membership interests series may be eligible for the dividends received deduction.

The dollar value of noncontrolling interest for Entergy Arkansas as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 is presented below.

(a)AR Searcy Partnership, LLC is a tax equity partnership between Entergy Arkansas and a tax equity investor which was formed to acquire and own the Searcy Solar facility. Entergy Arkansas uses the HLBV method of accounting for income or loss allocation to the tax equity investor’s

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noncontrolling interest. See Note 1 to the financial statements for further discussion on the presentation of the tax equity investor’s noncontrolling interest and the HLBV method of accounting.

(a)Restoration Law Trust I (the storm trust I) was established in 2022 as part of the Act 293 securitization of Entergy Louisiana’s Hurricane Laura, Hurricane Delta, Hurricane Zeta, and Winter Storm Uri restoration costs, as well as to establish a storm reserve to fund a portion of Hurricane Ida storm restoration costs. The storm trust I holds preferred membership interests issued by Entergy Finance Company, and Entergy Finance Company is required to make annual distributions (dividends) on the preferred membership interests. These annual dividends paid on the Entergy Finance Company preferred membership interests are distributed 1% to the LURC and 99% to Entergy Louisiana. Entergy Louisiana, as the primary beneficiary, consolidates the storm trust I and the LURC’s 1% beneficial interest is presented as noncontrolling interest in the consolidated financial statements for Entergy Louisiana and Entergy. See Note 2 to the financial statements for a discussion of the Entergy Louisiana May 2022 storm cost securitization.

(b)Restoration Law Trust II (the storm trust II) was established in 2023 as part of the Act 293 securitization of Entergy Louisiana’s remaining Hurricane Ida storm restoration costs. The storm trust II holds preferred membership interests issued by Entergy Finance Company, and Entergy Finance Company is required to make annual distributions (dividends) on the preferred membership interests. These annual dividends paid on the Entergy Finance Company preferred membership interests are distributed 1% to the LURC and 99% to Entergy Louisiana. Entergy Louisiana, as the primary beneficiary, consolidates the storm trust II and the LURC’s 1% beneficial interest is presented as noncontrolling interest in the consolidated financial statements for Entergy Louisiana and Entergy. See Note 2 to the financial statements for a discussion of the Entergy Louisiana March 2023 storm cost securitization.

The dollar value of noncontrolling interest for Entergy Mississippi as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 is presented below.

(a)MS Sunflower Partnership, LLC is a tax equity partnership between Entergy Mississippi and a tax equity investor which was formed to acquire and own the Sunflower Solar facility. Entergy Mississippi, as the managing member, consolidates MS Sunflower Partnership, LLC and the tax equity investor’s interest is presented as noncontrolling interest in the consolidated financial statements for Entergy Mississippi and Entergy. Entergy Mississippi uses the HLBV method of accounting for income or loss allocation to the tax equity investor’s noncontrolling interest. See Note 1 to the financial statements for further discussion on the presentation of the tax equity investor’s noncontrolling interest and the HLBV method of accounting.

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Presentation of Preferred Stock without Sinking Fund

Accounting standards regarding noncontrolling interests and the classification and measurement of redeemable securities require the classification of preferred securities between liabilities and shareholders’ equity on the balance sheet if the holders of those securities have protective rights that allow them to gain control of the board of directors in certain circumstances. These rights would have the effect of giving the holders the ability to potentially redeem their securities, even if the likelihood of occurrence of these circumstances is considered remote. The outstanding preferred stock of Entergy Texas has protective rights with respect to unpaid dividends but provides for the election of board members that would not constitute a majority of the board, and the preferred stock of Entergy Texas is therefore classified as a component of equity.

The outstanding preferred securities of Entergy Utility Holding Company, LLC (a Utility subsidiary) and Entergy Finance Holding, Inc. The preferred dividends or distributions paid by all subsidiaries are reflected for all periods presented outside of consolidated net income.

NOTE 7. COMMON EQUITY (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Common Stock

On October 30, 2024, Entergy’s board of directors approved a two-for-one forward stock split of Entergy Corporation common stock (the stock split). On December 12, 2024, Entergy effected the stock split and a proportionate increase in the number of authorized shares of its common stock. Shares began trading on a split-adjusted basis at market open on December 13, 2024. All share and per-share amounts presented herein reflect the stock split completed in December 2024.

The following table presents Entergy’s basic and diluted earnings per share calculations included on the consolidated income statements:

Earnings per share dilution resulting from stock options outstanding and other equity plans is determined under the treasury stock method. The calculation of diluted earnings per share excluded 335,625 stock options

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outstanding in 2025, 1,857,250 stock options outstanding in 2024, and 2,359,923 stock options outstanding in 2023 because their effect would have been antidilutive. Until settlement of the forward sale agreements discussed below in “Equity Distribution Program” and “Equity Forward Sale Agreements,” earnings per share dilution resulting from the agreements, if any, is determined under the treasury stock method. Share dilution occurs when the average market price of Entergy Corporation’s common stock is higher than the average forward sale price. The calculation of diluted earnings per share excluded 676,056 shares in 2025, 2,373,682 shares in 2024, and 3,525,418 shares in 2023 under forward sale agreements outstanding because their effect would have been antidilutive.

Common stock and treasury stock shares activity for Entergy for 2025, 2024, and 2023 is as follows:

Entergy Corporation reissues treasury shares to meet the requirements of the Stock Plan for Outside Directors (Directors’ Plan), the three equity plans of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries, and certain other stock benefit plans. The Directors’ Plan awards to non-employee directors a portion of their compensation in the form of a fixed dollar value of shares of Entergy Corporation common stock.

In October 2010 the Board granted authority for a $500 million share repurchase program. As of December 31, 2025, $350 million of authority remains under the $500 million share repurchase program.

Dividends declared per common share were $2.44 in 2025, $2.30 in 2024, and $2.17 in 2023.

System Energy paid its parent, Entergy Corporation, distributions out of its common stock of $50 million in 2025, $108 million in 2024, and $170 million in 2023.

Equity Distribution Program

In January 2021, Entergy Corporation entered into an equity distribution sales agreement with several counterparties establishing an at the market equity distribution program, pursuant to which Entergy Corporation may offer and sell from time to time shares of its common stock. The sales agreement provides that, in addition to the issuance and sale of shares of Entergy Corporation common stock, Entergy Corporation may enter into forward sale agreements for the sale of its common stock. In February 2025, pursuant to the terms of the equity distribution sales agreement, Entergy Corporation increased the aggregate gross sales price authorized under its at the market equity distribution program by an additional $1.5 billion. The aggregate number of shares of common stock sold under this equity distribution sales agreement and under any forward sale agreement may not exceed an aggregate gross sales price of $4.5 billion. As of December 31, 2025, an aggregate gross sales price of approximately $2.8 billion has been sold under the at the market equity distribution program.

During the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, there were no shares of common stock directly issued under the at the market equity distribution program.

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There were no settlements of forward sale agreements for the year ended December 31, 2024. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2023, Entergy Corporation physically settled its obligations under the following forward sale agreements:

Entergy Corporation incurred an aggregate amount of approximately $0.4 million of general issuance costs associated with the November 2023 and December 2023 settlements and an aggregate amount of approximately $1.4 million of general issuance costs associated with the May 2025 and October 2025 settlements. Entergy Corporation used the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, which included repayment of commercial paper, outstanding loans under Entergy Corporation’s revolving credit facility, and other debt.

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The following forward sale agreements entered into by Entergy Corporation remain outstanding as of December 31, 2025:

No amounts are recorded on Entergy’s balance sheet with respect to the equity offerings until settlements of the equity forward sale agreements occur.

Entergy Corporation did not receive any proceeds from such sales of borrowed shares.

In February 2026, Entergy Corporation physically settled a portion of its obligations under certain of its outstanding forward sale agreements by delivering 4,613,790 shares of common stock in exchange for cash proceeds of $346 million. The forward sale price used to determine the cash proceeds received by Entergy Corporation was calculated based on an initial forward sale price of $75.05 per share as adjusted in accordance with the forward sale agreements. Entergy Corporation incurred an aggregate amount of approximately $0.2 million of general issuance costs associated with the settlement.

Equity Forward Sale Agreements

In March 2025, Entergy Corporation marketed an equity offering of 17.8 million shares of Entergy Corporation common stock. In lieu of issuing equity at the time of the offering, Entergy Corporation entered into forward sale agreements with several forward counterparties. No amounts have been or will be recorded on Entergy’s balance sheet with respect to the equity offering until settlements of the forward sale agreements occur. The forward sale agreements require Entergy Corporation to, at its election on or prior to September 30, 2026, either (1) physically settle the transactions by issuing the total of 17.8 million shares of its common stock to the forward counterparties in exchange for net proceeds at the then-applicable forward sale price specified by the agreements (initially $81.87 per share) or (2) net settle the transactions in whole or in part through the delivery or receipt of cash or shares. The forward sale price is subject to adjustment on a daily basis based on a floating interest rate factor and will decrease by other fixed amounts specified in the agreements.

Share dilution occurs when the average market price of Entergy Corporation’s common stock is higher than the average forward sale price. If Entergy Corporation had elected to net share settle the forward sale agreements as of December 31, 2025, Entergy Corporation would have been required to deliver 2.0 million shares.

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Retained Earnings and Dividends

Entergy Corporation received dividend payments and distributions from subsidiaries totaling $52 million in 2025, $484 million in 2024, and $189 million in 2023.

Comprehensive Income

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is included in the equity section of the balance sheets of Entergy and Entergy Louisiana. The following table presents changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for Entergy for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

The following table presents changes in accumulated other comprehensive income for Entergy Louisiana for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

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Total reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) for Entergy for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

(a)These accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) components are included in the computation of net periodic pension and other postretirement cost. See Note 11 to the financial statements for additional details.

Total reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) for Entergy Louisiana for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

(a)These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic pension and other postretirement cost. See Note 11 to the financial statements for additional details.

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NOTE 8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries are involved in a number of legal, regulatory, and tax proceedings before various courts, regulatory authorities, and governmental agencies in the ordinary course of business. While management is unable to predict with certainty the outcome of such proceedings, management does not believe that the ultimate resolution of these matters will have a material adverse effect on Entergy’s results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition. Entergy discusses regulatory proceedings in Note 2 to the financial statements and discusses tax proceedings in Note 3 to the financial statements.

Vidalia Purchased Power Agreement

Entergy Louisiana has an agreement extending through the year 2031 to purchase energy generated by a hydroelectric facility known as the Vidalia project. Entergy Louisiana made payments under the contract of approximately $125.3 million in 2025, $116.8 million in 2024, and $100.4 million in 2023. If the maximum percentage (94%) of the energy is made available to Entergy Louisiana, current production projections would require estimated payments of approximately $122.0 million in 2026 and a total of $610.6 million for the years 2027 through 2031. Entergy Louisiana currently recovers the costs of the purchased energy through its fuel adjustment clause.

In an LPSC-approved settlement related to tax benefits from the tax treatment of the Vidalia contract, Entergy Louisiana agreed to credit rates by $11 million each year for up to 10 years, beginning in October 2002. In October 2011 the LPSC approved a settlement under which Entergy Louisiana agreed to provide annual bill credits to customers of $20.235 million for a 15-year period beginning January 2012. Entergy Louisiana recorded a regulatory charge and a corresponding regulatory liability to reflect this obligation. As a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, enacted in December 2017, and the related reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, the Vidalia purchased power regulatory liability was reduced by $30.5 million, with a corresponding increase to other regulatory credits on the income statement. Consistent with the LPSC-approved settlement agreement, additional adjustments were made to reflect changes in the Louisiana state income tax rates which did not have a material effect on the balance.

ANO Damage, Outage, and NRC Reviews

In March 2013, during a scheduled refueling outage at ANO 1, a contractor-owned and operated heavy-lifting apparatus collapsed while moving the generator stator out of the turbine building. The collapse resulted in the death of an ironworker and injuries to several other contract workers, caused ANO 2 to shut down, and damaged the ANO turbine building. The total cost of assessment, restoration of off-site power, site restoration, debris removal, and replacement of damaged property and equipment was approximately $95 million. Entergy Arkansas pursued its options for recovering damages that resulted from the stator drop, including its insurance coverage and legal action. Entergy Arkansas collected $50 million in 2014 from Nuclear Electric Insurance Limited (NEIL), a mutual insurance company that provides property damage coverage to the members’ nuclear generating plants. Entergy Arkansas also collected a total of $21 million in 2018 as a result of stator-related settlements.

In addition, Entergy Arkansas incurred replacement power costs for ANO 2 power during its outage and incurred incremental replacement power costs for ANO 1 power because the outage extended beyond the originally-planned duration of the refueling outage. In February 2014 the APSC authorized Entergy Arkansas to retain $65.9 million in its deferred fuel balance with recovery to be reviewed in a later period after more information regarding various claims associated with the ANO stator incident was available.

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In March 2015, after several NRC inspections and regulatory conferences, arising from the stator incident, the NRC placed ANO into the “multiple/repetitive degraded cornerstone column,” or Column 4, of the NRC’s Reactor Oversight Process Action Matrix. Entergy Arkansas incurred incremental costs of approximately $53 million in 2015 to prepare for the NRC inspections that began in early 2016 in order to address the issues required to move ANO back to “licensee response” or Column 1 of the NRC’s Reactor Oversight Process Action Matrix. Excluding remediation and response costs that resulted from the additional NRC inspection activities, Entergy Arkansas incurred approximately $44 million in 2016 and $7 million in 2017 in support of NRC inspection activities and to implement Entergy Arkansas’s performance improvement initiatives developed in 2015. In June 2018 the NRC moved ANO 1 and 2 into the “licensee response column,” or Column 1, of the NRC’s Reactor Oversight Process Action Matrix.

In October 2023, Entergy Arkansas made a commitment to the APSC to make a filing to forgo its opportunity to seek recovery of the identified costs resulting from the ANO stator incident, specifically all incremental fuel and purchased energy expense, capital and incremental non-fuel operations and maintenance costs, and costs of any judgment that may be rendered against Entergy Arkansas in civil litigation that is not covered by insurance. As a result, in third quarter 2023, Entergy Arkansas recorded write-offs of its regulatory asset for deferred fuel of $68.9 million, which includes interest, and the undepreciated balance of $9.5 million in capital costs related to the ANO stator incident. Consistent with its October 2023 commitment, Entergy Arkansas filed a motion to forgo recovery in November 2023, and the motion was approved by the APSC in December 2023.

Spent Nuclear Fuel Litigation

Under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, the DOE is required, for a specified fee, to construct storage facilities for, and to dispose of, all spent nuclear fuel and other high-level radioactive waste generated by domestic nuclear power reactors. Entergy’s nuclear owner/licensee subsidiaries have been charged fees for the estimated future disposal costs of spent nuclear fuel in accordance with the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982. The affected Entergy companies entered into contracts with the DOE, whereby the DOE is to furnish disposal services at a cost of one mill per net kWh generated and sold after April 7, 1983, plus a one-time fee for generation prior to that date. Entergy considers all costs incurred for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel, except accrued interest, to be proper components of nuclear fuel expense. Provisions to recover such costs have been or will be made in applications to regulatory authorities for the Utility plants. Following the defunding of the Yucca Mountain spent fuel repository program, the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners and others sued the government seeking cessation of collection of the one mill per net kWh generated and sold after April 7, 1983 fee. In November 2013 the D.C. Circuit ordered the DOE to submit a proposal to Congress to reset the fee to zero until the DOE complies with the Nuclear Waste Policy Act or Congress enacts an alternative waste disposal plan. In January 2014 the DOE submitted the proposal to Congress under protest, and also filed a petition for rehearing with the D.C. Circuit. The petition for rehearing was denied. The zero spent fuel fee went into effect prospectively in May 2014.

Because the DOE has not begun accepting spent fuel, it is in non-compliance with the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 and is in partial breach of its spent fuel disposal contracts. As a result of the DOE’s failure to begin disposal of spent nuclear fuel in 1998 pursuant to the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 and the spent fuel disposal contracts, Entergy’s nuclear owner/licensee subsidiaries have incurred and will continue to incur damages. Beginning in November 2003 these subsidiaries have pursued litigation to recover the damages caused by the DOE’s delay in performance.

In March 2023 the DOE submitted an offer of judgment to resolve claims in the fourth round ANO damages case. The $41 million offer was accepted by Entergy Arkansas, and the U.S. Court of Federal Claims issued a judgment in that amount in favor of Entergy Arkansas and against the DOE. Entergy Arkansas received payment from the U.S. Treasury in April 2023. The effects of recording the judgment were reductions to plant, nuclear fuel expense, other operation and maintenance expenses, materials and supplies, and taxes other than income taxes. The ANO damages awarded included $18 million related to costs previously recorded as plant, $10 million related to

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costs previously recorded as other operation and maintenance expenses, $8 million related to costs previously recorded as nuclear fuel expense, $3 million related to costs previously recorded as materials and supplies, and $2 million related to costs previously recorded as taxes other than income taxes.

In July 2023 the DOE submitted an offer of judgment to resolve claims in the Indian Point 2 fourth round and Indian Point 3 third round combined damages case. The $59 million offer was accepted by Entergy and Holtec International, as the current owner. The U.S. Court of Federal Claims issued a final judgment in that amount in favor of Holtec Indian Point 2, LLC and Holtec Indian Point 3, LLC (previously Entergy Nuclear Indian Point 2, LLC and Entergy Nuclear Indian Point 3, LLC) and against the DOE. Holtec received payment from the U.S. Treasury in July 2023. Consistent with certain terms agreed upon in connection with the sale of Indian Point Energy Center in May 2021, Holtec transferred $40 million to Entergy for its pro-rata share of the litigation proceeds in August 2023. The remainder of the judgment was retained by Holtec. The effect of recording Entergy’s pro-rata share of the judgment was a reduction to asset write-offs, impairments, and related charges (credits). Entergy’s pro-rata share of the damages awarded included $18 million related to costs previously recorded as spending on the asset retirement obligation, $15 million related to costs previously recorded as other operation and maintenance expenses, $6 million related to costs previously recorded as plant, and $1 million related to costs previously recorded as taxes other than income taxes.

In August 2024 the U.S. Court of Federal Claims issued a final judgment in the amount of $177 million in favor of Northstar Vermont Yankee, LLC (previously Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee) and against the DOE in the final round Vermont Yankee damages case. Northstar, as the current owner, received payment from the U.S. Treasury in November 2024 and subsequently transferred $127 million of the litigation proceeds to Entergy per the terms of the agreement for the disposition of Vermont Yankee, which included $107 million for independent spent fuel storage installation expansion, and related to a long-term note receivable issued to Entergy at the time of the disposition of Vermont Yankee, and $20 million for costs related to independent spent fuel storage installation operations, both as required by the disposition documents. Northstar retained $10 million of the litigation proceeds, and the remaining $40 million of the total litigation proceeds was placed by Northstar into an escrow account and is expected to be transferred to Entergy upon the satisfaction of certain agreed upon conditions. The effect of recording Entergy’s share of the judgment was a reduction of $82 million in principal and $25 million in accrued interest on the long-term note receivable and a reduction to asset write-offs, impairments, and related charges (credits) of $20 million related to costs previously recorded as spending on the asset retirement obligation.

In October 2024 the U.S. Court of Federal Claims issued a final judgment in the amount of $7 million in favor of Holtec Palisades, LLC (previously Entergy Nuclear Palisades) and against the DOE in the final round Palisades damages case. Holtec, as the current owner, received payment from the U.S. Treasury in March 2025 and subsequently transferred the $7 million judgment to Entergy. The damages awarded included $4 million related to costs previously recorded as plant and $3 million related to costs previously recorded as other operation and maintenance expenses.

Management cannot predict the timing or amount of any potential recoveries on other claims filed by Entergy subsidiaries and cannot predict the timing of any eventual receipt from the DOE of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims damage awards.

Nuclear Insurance

Third Party Liability Insurance

The Price-Anderson Act requires that reactor licensees purchase insurance and participate in a secondary insurance pool that provides insurance coverage for the public in the event of a nuclear power plant accident. The costs of this insurance are borne by the nuclear power industry. Congress amended and renewed the Price-Anderson Act in 2024 for a term through 2065. The Price-Anderson Act requires nuclear power plants to show

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evidence of financial protection in the event of a nuclear accident. This protection must consist of two layers of coverage:

1.The primary level is insurance underwritten by American Nuclear Insurers (ANI) and provides public liability insurance coverage of $500 million for each operating reactor nuclear site. If this amount is not sufficient to cover claims arising from an accident, the second level, Secondary Financial Protection, applies.

2.Secondary Financial Protection: Currently, 95 nuclear reactors participate in the Secondary Financial Protection program, which provides approximately $15.8 billion in secondary layer insurance coverage to compensate the public in the event of a nuclear power reactor accident. The Price-Anderson Act provides that all potential liability for a nuclear accident is limited to the amounts of insurance coverage available under the primary and secondary layers.

Within the Secondary Financial Protection program, each nuclear reactor has a contingent obligation to pay a retrospective premium, equal to its proportionate share of the loss in excess of the primary level, regardless of proximity to the incident or fault, up to a maximum of approximately $165.9 million per reactor per incident. For Entergy’s five reactors, the maximum total contingent obligation per incident is $829.6 million. This retrospective premium is assessable at approximately $24.7 million per year per incident per nuclear power reactor.

3.Total insurance coverage available is approximately $16.3 billion, among the primary ANI coverages and the Secondary Financial Protection program, to respond to a nuclear power plant accident that causes third-party damages (e.g., off-site property and environmental damage, off-site bodily injury, and on-site third-party bodily injury (i.e., contractors)). These coverages also respond to an accident caused by terrorism.

Entergy Arkansas and Entergy Louisiana each have two licensed reactors. System Energy has one licensed reactor (10% of Grand Gulf is owned by a non-affiliated company (Cooperative Energy) that would share on a pro-rata basis in any retrospective premium assessment to System Energy under the Price-Anderson Act).

Property Insurance

Entergy’s nuclear owner/licensee subsidiaries are members of NEIL, a mutual insurance company that provides property damage coverage, including decontamination and reactor stabilization, to the members’ nuclear generating plants. These coverage limits, deductibles, and weekly indemnity periods are subject to change based on results of NEIL loss control inspections.

The nuclear plants’ ANO 1 and 2, Grand Gulf, River Bend, and Waterford 3 property damage insurance limits are $1.06 billion per occurrence at each plant. The property deductible at the nuclear plants is $20 million per site, except for earth movement, flood, and windstorm. Property damage from earth movement is excluded from the first $500 million in coverage for all nuclear plants. Property damage from flood is excluded from the first $500 million in coverage at ANO 1 and 2 and Grand Gulf. Property damage from flood for Waterford 3 and River Bend is subject to a deductible of $10 million plus an additional 10% of the amount of the loss in excess of $10 million, up to a maximum deductible of $50 million. Property damage from a windstorm for all the nuclear plants is subject to a deductible of $10 million plus an additional 10% of the amount of the loss in excess of $10 million, up to a total maximum deductible of $50 million.

Accidental outage coverage provides indemnification for the actual cost incurred in the event of an unplanned outage resulting from property damage covered under the NEIL Primary Property Insurance policy, subject to a deductible period. The indemnification is based on market power prices at the time of the loss,

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actual costs incurred during the outage, and the respective limits of each nuclear plant. After the deductible period has passed, weekly indemnities for an unplanned nuclear or non-nuclear outage, covered under NEIL’s Accidental Outage Coverage program, would be paid according to the amounts listed below:

•100% of the weekly indemnity for each week for the initial payment period of 52 weeks for nuclear and non-nuclear loss; then

•80% of the weekly indemnity for each week for the final payment period of 110 weeks for nuclear loss only; or

•60% of the weekly indemnity for each week for the final payment period of 52 weeks for non-nuclear loss only.

Under the property damage and accidental outage insurance programs, all NEIL-insured plants could be subject to assessments should losses exceed the accumulated funds available from NEIL. The retrospective premium assessments are subject to change based on results of NEIL underwriting, and the potential obligation to pay this assessment remains for six years after the end of the policy period, unless a prior call is made. NEIL has exercised this assessment. The maximum aggregate amounts of such possible assessments for the current year’s policies are as follows:

NRC regulations provide that the proceeds of this insurance must be used, first, to render the reactor safe and stable, and second, to complete decontamination operations. Only after proceeds are dedicated for such use and regulatory approval is secured would any remaining proceeds be made available for the benefit of plant owners or their creditors.

In the event that one or more acts of terrorism causes property damage from a nuclear event under one or more or all nuclear insurance policies issued by NEIL (including, but not limited to, those described above) within 12 months from the date the first property damage occurs, the maximum recovery under all such nuclear insurance policies shall be an aggregate not exceeding $3.24 billion plus the additional amounts recovered for such losses from reinsurance, indemnity, and any other sources applicable to such losses.

Non-Nuclear Property Insurance

Entergy’s non-nuclear property insurance program provides coverage on a system-wide basis for Entergy’s non-nuclear assets. The insurance program provides coverage for property damage up to $400 million per occurrence in excess of a $20 million self-insured retention except for property damage caused by the following: earthquake shock, flood, and named windstorm, including associated storm surge. For earthquake shock and flood, the insurance program provides coverage up to $400 million on an annual aggregate basis in excess of a $40 million self-insured retention. For named windstorm and associated storm surge, the insurance program provides coverage up to approximately $135 million on an annual aggregate basis in excess of a $40 million self-insured retention.

Excluded property generally includes transmission and distribution lines, poles, and towers. For substations valued at $5 million or less, coverage for named windstorm and associated storm surge is excluded. This coverage is in place for

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Entergy Corporation, the Registrant Subsidiaries, and certain other Entergy subsidiaries. Entergy also purchases $400 million in terrorism insurance coverage for its conventional property.

Employment and Labor-related Proceedings

The Registrant Subsidiaries and other Entergy subsidiaries and related entities are responding to various lawsuits in both state and federal courts and to other labor-related proceedings filed by current and former employees, recognized bargaining representatives, and certain third parties. Generally, the amount of damages being sought is not specified in these proceedings. Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries and related entities are responding to these lawsuits and proceedings and deny liability to the claimants. Management believes that loss exposure has been and will continue to be handled so that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not be material, in the aggregate, to the financial position, results of operation, or cash flows of Entergy or the Registrant Subsidiaries.

Asbestos Litigation (Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Texas)

Numerous lawsuits have been filed in state courts against primarily Entergy Louisiana and Entergy Texas by individuals alleging exposure to asbestos while working at Entergy facilities between 1955 and 1980. Entergy is being sued as a premises owner. Many other defendants are named in these lawsuits as well. Currently, there are approximately 180 lawsuits involving approximately 330 claimants. Management believes that adequate provisions have been established to cover any exposure. Additionally, negotiations continue with insurers to recover reimbursements. Management believes that loss exposure has been and will continue to be handled so that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not be material, in the aggregate, to the financial position, results of operation, or cash flows of the Utility operating companies.

Grand Gulf-Related Agreements

Unit Power Sales Agreement (Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and System Energy)

System Energy historically sold all of its share of capacity and energy from Grand Gulf to Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans in accordance with specified percentages (Entergy Arkansas - 36%, Entergy Louisiana - 14%, Entergy Mississippi - 33%, and Entergy New Orleans - 17%) as ordered by the FERC under the Unit Power Sales Agreement. Charges under this agreement are paid in consideration for the purchasing companies’ respective entitlement to receive capacity and energy and are payable irrespective of the quantity of energy delivered. Grand Gulf’s operating license currently extends through 2044. Monthly obligations are based on actual capacity and energy costs. The average monthly payments for 2025 under the agreement were approximately $15.8 million for Entergy Arkansas, $6.7 million for Entergy Louisiana, $19.3 million for Entergy Mississippi, and $8.5 million for Entergy New Orleans. Effective October 1, 2025, System Energy began selling all of its share of capacity and energy from Grand Gulf to Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans in accordance with specified percentages (Entergy Arkansas - 24.19%, Entergy Mississippi - 56.38%, and Entergy New Orleans - 19.43%) as approved by the FERC under an amended Unit Power Sales Agreement.

In August 2024 the LPSC approved a settlement with Entergy Louisiana to globally resolve all of the LPSC’s actual and potential claims in multiple docketed proceedings pending before the FERC and with System

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Energy’s past implementation of the Unit Power Sales Agreement. The settlement was approved by the FERC in November 2024. The terms of the settlement included an agreement that Entergy Louisiana would divest to Entergy Mississippi its 14% share of capacity and energy from Grand Gulf under the Unit Power Sales Agreement and its 2.43% share of capacity and energy from Entergy Arkansas under the MSS-4 replacement tariff. This divestiture was being effectuated initially through Entergy Mississippi’s purchases from Entergy Louisiana pursuant to a bridge PPA governed by the MSS-4 replacement tariff. The MSS-4 replacement PPA to effectuate this divestiture was approved by the FERC in November 2024. The MPSC approved the bridge PPA, effective as of January 1, 2025. Under the divestiture, Entergy Mississippi also assumed any and all of Entergy Louisiana’s rights and obligations under the Availability Agreement and agreed to hold Entergy Louisiana harmless with respect thereto, as of January 1, 2025. An amended Unit Power Sales Agreement became effective as of October 1, 2025, which removed Entergy Louisiana from the entitlement and responsibility to purchase power from Grand Gulf. Thus on October 1, 2025, the bridge PPA between Entergy Louisiana and Entergy Mississippi, described above, terminated.

Availability Agreement (Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and System Energy)

Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans are individually obligated to make payments or subordinated advances to System Energy in accordance with stated percentages (Entergy Arkansas - 17.1%, Entergy Louisiana - 26.9%, Entergy Mississippi - 31.3%, and Entergy New Orleans - 24.7%) in amounts that, when added to amounts received under the Unit Power Sales Agreement or otherwise, are adequate to cover all of System Energy’s operating expenses as defined, including expenses incurred in connection with a permanent shutdown of Grand Gulf. System Energy has assigned its rights to payments and advances to certain creditors as security for certain of its debt obligations. Effective October 1, 2025, System Energy, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans terminated the Availability Agreement. Also effective October 1, 2025, System Energy, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans entered into a new Availability Agreement with allocation percentages conforming to their entitlement percentages under the amended Unit Power Sales Agreement.

Exclusivity Agreement with Major Vendor

Entergy entered into an exclusivity agreement with a major vendor to manufacture power island equipment (PIE) and combustion turbines (CT) for combustion turbine generator set frames larger than 400 MWs. The agreement guarantees Entergy one manufacturing slot per quarter for the shorter of a five-year period or until Entergy fulfills its minimum commitment. The agreement was amended in third quarter 2025, updating the minimum order of 15 sets of PIE and two CTs to a minimum order of 21 sets of PIE and two CTs during that time period, of which seven sets of PIE and two CT slots have been fulfilled. The commitments are fully transferable to any of the Utility operating companies. Cancellation or failure to purchase the minimum commitment amounts will result in a charge.

If any of the Utility operating companies purchases any CTs within the scope of the agreement from another supplier (except as permitted under the agreement), then the vendor has the right to terminate all or a portion of the agreement. In the event of such termination, the Utility operating company would then be obligated to pay 50% of the CT base price for each PIE or CT not yet ordered. The agreement does not establish final pricing and delivery dates of purchases that will go towards meeting the commitments under the agreement. Such terms shall be agreed to in separate agreements.

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Entergy Texas Build-to-Suit Lease Arrangement for the Legend Power Station

NOTE 9. ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Accounting standards require companies to record liabilities for all legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets that result from the normal operation of the assets. For Entergy, substantially all of its asset retirement obligations consist of its liability for decommissioning its nuclear power plants.

These liabilities are recorded at their fair values (which are the present values of the estimated future cash outflows) in the period in which they are incurred, with an accompanying addition to the recorded cost of the long-lived asset. The asset retirement obligation is accreted each year through a charge to expense, to reflect the time value of money for this present value obligation. The accretion will continue through the completion of the asset

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retirement activity. The amounts added to the carrying amounts of the long-lived assets will be depreciated over the useful lives of the assets. The application of accounting standards related to asset retirement obligations is earnings neutral to the rate-regulated business of the Registrant Subsidiaries.

In accordance with ratemaking treatment and as required by regulatory accounting standards, the depreciation provisions for the Registrant Subsidiaries include a component for removal costs that are not asset retirement obligations under accounting standards. In accordance with regulatory accounting principles, the Registrant Subsidiaries have recorded regulatory assets in the following amounts to reflect their estimates of the difference between estimated incurred removal costs and estimated removal costs expected to be recovered in rates:

The cumulative decommissioning and retirement cost liabilities and expenses recorded in 2025 and 2024 for Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries were as follows:

(a)See “Other” below for additional discussion regarding the asset retirement obligations established at Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and Entergy Mississippi.

Nuclear Plant Decommissioning

Entergy periodically reviews and updates estimated decommissioning costs. The actual decommissioning costs may vary from the estimates because of the timing of plant decommissioning, regulatory requirements, changes in technology, and increased costs of labor, materials, and equipment.

The revised estimates resulted in a $14.4 million decrease in its decommissioning cost liabilities, along with corresponding decreases in the related asset retirement cost assets that will be depreciated over the remaining useful lives of the units.

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In fourth quarter 2024, Entergy Louisiana recorded a revision to its estimated decommissioning cost liability for Waterford 3 as a result of a revised decommissioning cost study. The revised estimate resulted in a $121.5 million decrease in its decommissioning cost liability, along with a corresponding decrease in the related asset retirement cost asset that will be depreciated over the remaining useful life of the unit.

NRC Filings Regarding Trust Funding Levels

As nuclear plants individually approach and begin decommissioning, filings will be submitted to the NRC for planned shutdown activities. These filings with the NRC also determine whether financial assurance may be required in addition to the nuclear decommissioning trust fund.

Coal Combustion Residuals

In April 2015 the EPA published the final coal combustion residuals (CCR) rule regulating CCRs destined for disposal in landfills or surface impoundments as non-hazardous wastes regulated under Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Subtitle D. The final regulations created new compliance requirements including modified storage, new notification and reporting practices, product disposal considerations, and CCR unit closure criteria, but excluded CCRs that are beneficially reused in certain processes. Entergy believes that on-site disposal options will be available at its facilities, to the extent needed.

In second quarter 2024, revisions were recorded to the estimated decommissioning cost liabilities for White Bluff and Independence as a result of the EPA rule that was finalized in May 2024 establishing management standards for legacy CCR surface impoundments (i.e., inactive surface impoundments at inactive power plants) and establishing a new class of units referred to as CCR management units (CCRMUs) (i.e., non-containerized CCR located at a regulated CCR facility). Under this expanded rule, all facilities must identify and delineate any CCRMU greater than one ton and submit a facility evaluation report by February 2026. In July 2025 the EPA extended the deadline for submission of the facility evaluation report by one year to February 2027. Any potential requirements for corrective action or operational changes under the various CCR rules continue to be assessed. Given the complexity and recency of the EPA guidance, Entergy is still evaluating the level of work that will ultimately be required to comply with the rule. Based on initial estimates of multiple possible remediation scenarios, Entergy Arkansas and Entergy Mississippi recorded increases of $31.2 million and $9.1 million, respectively, in their decommissioning cost liabilities in 2024, along with corresponding increases in the related asset retirement cost assets that will be depreciated over the remaining useful lives of the units. Entergy will continue to update the asset retirement obligation as the requirements of the revised CCR rule are clarified.

Other

In 2024, Entergy Mississippi recorded an asset retirement obligation to reflect decommissioning costs related to an obligation under the Sunflower Solar facility’s land lease agreements to remove the electrical system and return the land to its normal condition. This estimate resulted in the establishment of a $4.0 million decommissioning cost liability, along with the establishment of a related asset retirement cost asset that will be depreciated over the remaining initial lease term.

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In 2024, Entergy Arkansas recorded asset retirement obligations to reflect decommissioning costs related to obligations to remove the electrical systems and return the land to its normal condition under the respective land lease agreements for the Walnut Bend Solar facility and the Driver Solar facility. These estimates resulted in the establishment of a decommissioning cost liability of $4.5 million for the Walnut Bend Solar facility and of $13.2 million for the Driver Solar facility, along with the establishment of related asset retirement cost assets that will be depreciated over the remaining initial lease terms, respectively.

Prior to August 2024, Entergy Louisiana was a partner in the Nelson Industrial Steam Company (NISCO) partnership which owned two petroleum coke generating units. In November 2023 the FERC issued an order providing Section 203 of the Federal Power Act approval for any subsequent transfer of the facilities to Entergy Louisiana. In August 2024, Entergy Louisiana and its partners in the NISCO partnership entered into an agreement related to the wind up of the partnership, which resulted in the receipt of $21.3 million in cash by Entergy Louisiana and the transfer of ownership of the non-operating facilities to Entergy Louisiana. As a result of the agreement and resulting transfer of ownership, Entergy Louisiana also recognized an asset retirement obligation of $19.4 million associated with the ash landfill area in 2024.

NOTE 10. LEASES (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries held operating and finance leases for fleet vehicles used in operations, real estate, and aircraft.

Leases have remaining terms of one year to 55 years. Real estate leases generally include at least one five-year renewal option; however, renewal is not typically considered reasonably certain unless Entergy or a Registrant Subsidiary makes significant leasehold improvements or other modifications that would hinder its ability to easily move. In certain of the lease agreements for fleet vehicles used in operations, Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries provide residual value guarantees to the lessor. As such, Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries do not believe it is probable that they will be required to pay anything pertaining to the residual value guarantee, and the lease liabilities and right-of-use assets are measured accordingly.

Entergy incurred the following total lease costs for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

Of the lease costs disclosed above, Entergy had $4.2 million and $3.1 million in short-term lease costs for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

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The Registrant Subsidiaries incurred the following lease costs for the year ended December 31, 2025:

Of the lease costs disclosed above, Entergy Arkansas had $1.6 million, Entergy Louisiana had $1.4 million, Entergy Mississippi had $0.6 million, Entergy New Orleans had $0.2 million, and Entergy Texas had $0.4 million in short-term lease costs for the year ended December 31, 2025.

The Registrant Subsidiaries incurred the following lease costs for the year ended December 31, 2024:

Of the lease costs disclosed above, Entergy Arkansas had $1.1 million, Entergy Louisiana had $1.1 million, Entergy Mississippi had $0.5 million, Entergy New Orleans had $0.1 million, and Entergy Texas had $0.3 million in short-term lease costs for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The lease costs for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 disclosed above materially approximate the cash flows used by the Registrant Subsidiaries for leases with all costs included within operating activities on the respective Statements of Cash Flows, except for the finance lease costs which are included in financing activities.

Entergy has elected to account for short-term leases in accordance with policy options provided by accounting guidance; therefore, there are no related lease liabilities or right-of-use assets for the costs recognized above by Entergy or by its Registrant Subsidiaries in the table below.

Included within Property, Plant, and Equipment on Entergy’s consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2025 and 2024 are $278 million and $277 million related to operating leases, respectively, and $111 million and $110 million related to finance leases, respectively. These lease amounts include $1 million related to operating leases and $4 million related to finance leases classified as held for sale in “Non-current assets held for sale” on Entergy’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024. See Note 14 to the financial statements for further discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025 and the classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2024.

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Included within Utility Plant on the Registrant Subsidiaries’ respective balance sheets at December 31, 2025 and 2024 are the following amounts:

(a)Includes $0.4 million of operating leases and $1.4 million of finance leases for Entergy Louisiana and $0.4 million of operating leases and $3.0 million of finance leases for Entergy New Orleans classified as held for sale in “Non-current assets held for sale” on their respective consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024. See Note 14 to the financial statements for further discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025 and the classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2024.

The following lease-related liabilities are recorded within the respective Other lines on Entergy’s consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2025 and 2024:

(a)Includes $0.3 million of operating leases and $1 million of finance leases classified as held for sale and included within other current liabilities on Entergy’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024. See Note 14 to the financial statements for further discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025 and the classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2024.

(b)Includes $1 million of operating leases and $3 million of finance leases classified as held for sale and included within other non-current liabilities on Entergy’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024. See Note 14 to the financial statements for further discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025 and the classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2024.

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The following lease-related liabilities are recorded within the respective Other lines on the Registrant Subsidiaries’ respective balance sheets at December 31, 2025:

The following lease-related liabilities are recorded within the respective Other lines on the Registrant Subsidiaries’ respective balance sheets at December 31, 2024:

(a)Includes $0.2 million operating leases and $0.4 million of finance leases for Entergy Louisiana and $0.1 million of operating leases and $0.7 million of finance leases for Entergy New Orleans classified as held for sale and included within other current liabilities on their respective consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024. See Note 14 to the financial statements for further discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025 and the classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2024.

(b)Includes $0.2 million of operating leases and $1.0 million of finance leases for Entergy Louisiana and $0.3 million of operating leases and $2.3 million of finance leases for Entergy New Orleans classified as held for sale and included within other non-current liabilities on their respective consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024. See Note 14 to the financial statements for further discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025 and the classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2024.

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The following information contains the weighted-average remaining lease term in years and the weighted-average discount rate for the operating and finance leases of Entergy at December 31, 2025 and 2024:

The following information contains the weighted-average remaining lease term in years and the weighted-average discount rate for the operating and finance leases of the Registrant Subsidiaries at December 31, 2025:

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The undiscounted cash flows as of December 31, 2025 for Entergy’s lease liabilities are as follows:

The undiscounted cash flows as of December 31, 2025 for the Registrant Subsidiaries’ lease liabilities are as follows:

Operating Leases

Finance Leases

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In allocating consideration in lease contracts to the lease and non-lease components, Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries have made the accounting policy election to combine lease and non-lease components related to fleet vehicles used in operations and to allocate the contract consideration to both lease and non-lease components for real estate leases.

NOTE 11. RETIREMENT, OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS, AND DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLANS (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Qualified Pension Plans

Entergy has defined benefit qualified pension plans, including the Entergy Corporation Retirement Plan for Non-Bargaining Employees (Non-Bargaining Plan I), the Entergy Corporation Retirement Plan for Bargaining Employees (Bargaining Plan I), the Entergy Corporation Retirement Plan II for Non-Bargaining Employees (Non-Bargaining Plan II), the Entergy Corporation Retirement Plan II for Bargaining Employees (Bargaining Plan II), the Entergy Corporation Retirement Plan III (Plan III), the Entergy Corporation Retirement Plan IV for Bargaining Employees, Entergy Corporation Retirement Plan VI for Non-Bargaining Employees (Non-Bargaining Plan VI), and the Entergy Corporation Retirement Plan VI for Bargaining Employees (Bargaining Plan VI). Effective January 1, 2025, Bargaining Plan I was amended to spin-off predominately inactive participants into a new qualified pension plan, Bargaining Plan VI.

Non-bargaining and bargaining employees whose most recent date of hire is after June 30, 2014 and before January 1, 2021 (or such later date provided for in their applicable collective bargaining agreement) do not participate in a final average pay formula, but instead participate in a cash balance formula. Effective January 1, 2021, the Non-Bargaining Cash Balance Plan and Bargaining Cash Balance Plan were amended to close participation in each plan to those employees whose most recent hire date is after December 31, 2020 (or such later date provided for in their applicable collective bargaining agreement). Employees hired after this date instead may be eligible to participate in and receive a discretionary employer contribution under an Entergy sponsored tax-qualified defined contribution plan that includes a 401(k) feature.

The assets of the defined benefit qualified pension plans are held in a master trust established by Entergy. Each pension plan has an undivided beneficial interest in each of the investment accounts in the master trust that is maintained by a trustee. Use of the master trust permits the commingling of the trust assets of the pension plans of Entergy Corporation and its Registrant Subsidiaries for investment and administrative purposes. Although assets in the master trust are commingled, the trustee maintains supporting records for the purpose of allocating the trust level equity in net earnings (loss) and the administrative expenses of the investment accounts in the trust to the various participating pension plans in the trust. The fair value of the trust’s assets is determined by the trustee and certain investment managers. The trustee calculates a daily earnings factor, including realized and unrealized gains or losses, collected and accrued income, and administrative expenses, and allocates earnings to each plan in the master trust on a pro rata basis.

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Within each pension plan, the record of each Registrant Subsidiary’s beneficial interest in the plan assets is maintained by the plan’s actuary and is updated quarterly. Assets for each Registrant Subsidiary are increased for investment net income and contributions and are decreased for benefit payments. A plan’s investment net income/loss (i.e., interest and dividends, realized and unrealized gains and losses and expenses) is allocated to the Registrant Subsidiaries participating in that plan based on the value of assets for each Registrant Subsidiary at the beginning of the quarter adjusted for contributions and benefit payments made during the quarter.

Entergy Corporation and its subsidiaries fund pension plans in an amount not less than the minimum required contribution under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The assets of the plans include common and preferred stocks, fixed-income securities, interest in a money market fund, and insurance contracts. The Registrant Subsidiaries’ pension costs are recovered from customers as a component of cost of service in each of their respective jurisdictions.

Components of Qualified Net Pension Cost and Other Amounts Recognized as a Regulatory Asset and/or Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI)

Entergy Corporation and its subsidiaries’ total 2025, 2024, and 2023 qualified pension costs and amounts recognized as a regulatory asset and/or other comprehensive income, including amounts capitalized, included the following components:

(a) See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of the Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025.

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The Registrant Subsidiaries’ total 2025, 2024, and 2023 qualified pension costs and amounts recognized as a regulatory asset and/or other comprehensive income, including amounts capitalized, for their current and former employees included the following components:

(a)See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of the Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025.

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Qualified Pension Obligations, Plan Assets, Funded Status, and Amounts Recognized in the Balance Sheet

Qualified pension obligations, plan assets, funded status, and amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for Entergy Corporation and its Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

(a)See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of the Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025.

(b)Includes ($4.0) million at Entergy as of December 31, 2024 of non-current liabilities related to the natural gas distribution businesses classified as held for sale and included in other non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. See Note 14 to the financial statements for further discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025 and the classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2024.

(c)Includes $13.9 million at Entergy as of December 31, 2024 of regulatory assets related to the natural gas distribution businesses classified as held for sale and included in “Non-current assets held for sale” on the consolidated balance sheet. See Note 14 to the financial statements for further discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025 and the classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2024.

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Qualified pension obligations, plan assets, funded status, and amounts recognized in the Balance Sheets for the Registrant Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

(a)See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of the Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025.

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(a)Including settlement lump sum benefit payments of ($2.1) million at System Energy.

(b)Includes ($2.0) million at Entergy Louisiana and ($1.2) million at Entergy New Orleans as of December 31, 2024 of non-current liabilities related to the respective natural gas distribution businesses classified as held for sale and included in other non-current liabilities on the respective consolidated balance sheets. See Note 14 to the financial statements for further discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025 and the classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2024.

(c)Includes $4.5 million at Entergy Louisiana and $6.7 million at Entergy New Orleans as of December 31, 2024 of regulatory assets related to the respective natural gas distribution businesses classified as held for sale and included in “Non-current assets held for sale” on the respective consolidated balance sheets. See Note 14 to the financial statements for further discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025 and the classification as held for sale as of December 31, 2024.

The qualified pension plans incurred actuarial gains during 2025 primarily due to asset gains due to an actual return on assets higher than the expected return on assets, partially offset by liability losses due to a fall in bond yields that resulted in decreases to the discount rates used to develop the benefit obligations. The qualified pension plans incurred net actuarial gains during 2024 primarily due to liability gains due to a rise in bond yields that resulted in

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increases to the discount rates used to develop the benefit obligations; partially offset by asset losses resulting from an actual return on assets lower than the expected return on assets in some plans.

The accumulated benefit obligation for Entergy’s qualified pension plans was $4.2 billion and $4.1 billion at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Information for Entergy’s qualified pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows:

Information for Entergy’s qualified pension plans with a projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows:

The qualified pension accumulated benefit obligation for each of the Registrant Subsidiaries for their current and former employees as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows:

Each of the Registrant Subsidiaries’ qualified pension plans had plan assets in excess of the accumulated benefit obligation as of December 31, 2025.

Information for each of the Registrant Subsidiaries qualified pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets as of December 31, 2024 was as follows:

Each of the Registrant Subsidiaries qualified pension plans had plan assets in excess of the projected benefit obligation as of December 31, 2025.

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Information for each of the Registrant Subsidiaries qualified pension plans with a projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets as of December 31, 2024 was as follows:

Other Postretirement Trusts

(a)Certain fixed income debt securities (corporate, government, and securitized) are stated at fair value as determined by broker quotes.

(b)Common stocks, preferred stocks, and certain fixed income debt securities (government) are stated at fair value determined by quoted market prices.

(c)The common collective trusts hold investments in accordance with stated objectives. The investment strategy of the trusts is to capture the growth potential of equity markets by replicating the performance of a specified index. The issuer of these funds allows daily trading at the net asset value and trades settle at a later date, with no other trading restrictions. Net asset value per share of common collective trusts estimate fair value. Common collective trusts are not publicly quoted and are valued by the fund administrators using net asset value as a practical expedient. Accordingly, these funds are not assigned a level in the fair value table, but are included in the total.

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(d)Registered investment companies are money market mutual funds with a stable net asset value of one dollar per share. Registered investment companies may hold investments in domestic and international bond markets or domestic equities valued at the daily closing price as reported by the fund. These funds are required to publish their daily net asset value and to transact at that price. The money market mutual funds held by the trusts are deemed to be actively traded. Certain registered investment companies are recorded at contract value, which approximates fair value.

(e)Certain of these registered investment companies are not publicly quoted and are valued by the fund administrators using net asset value as a practical expedient. The issuer of these funds allows daily trading at the net asset value and trades settle at a later date, with no other trading restrictions. Accordingly, these funds are not assigned a level in the fair value table, but are included in the total.

(f)The other remaining assets are U.S. municipal and foreign government bonds stated at fair value as determined by broker quotes.

(g)The unallocated insurance contract investments are recorded at contract value, which approximates fair value. The contract value represents contributions made under the contract, plus interest, less funds used to pay benefits and contract expenses, and less distributions to the master trust.

Estimated Future Benefit Payments

Based upon the assumptions used to measure Entergy’s qualified pension and other postretirement benefits obligations at December 31, 2025, and including pension and other postretirement benefits attributable to estimated future employee service, Entergy expects that benefits to be paid over the next ten years for Entergy Corporation and its subsidiaries will be as follows:

Based upon the same assumptions, Entergy expects that benefits to be paid over the next ten years for the Registrant Subsidiaries for their current and former employees will be as follows:

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Contributions

Entergy currently expects to contribute approximately $200 million to its qualified pension plans and approximately $40.9 million to its other postretirement plans in 2026. The Registrant Subsidiaries currently expect to contribute the following approximate amounts to their qualified pension and other postretirement plans for their current and former employees in 2026:

The 2026 required pension contributions will be known with more certainty when the January 1, 2026 valuations are completed, which is expected by April 1, 2026.

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Actuarial Assumptions

The significant actuarial assumptions used in determining the pension PBO and the other postretirement benefits APBO as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

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The significant actuarial assumptions used in determining the net periodic pension and other postretirement benefits costs for 2025, 2024, and 2023 were as follows:

With respect to the mortality assumptions, Entergy used the Pri-2012 Employee and Healthy Annuitant Table, projected generationally using Scale MP-2021 with Aon’s Endemic Adjustment, in determining its December 31, 2025 and 2024 pension plans’ PBOs and other postretirement benefits’ APBO.

Defined Contribution Plans

Entergy sponsors the Savings Plan of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries (System Savings Plan). The System Savings Plan is a defined contribution plan covering eligible employees of Entergy and certain of its subsidiaries. The participating Entergy subsidiary makes matching contributions to the System Savings Plan for all eligible participating employees in an amount equal to either 70% or 100% of the participants’ basic contributions, up to 6% of their eligible earnings per pay period. The matching contribution is allocated to investments as directed by the employee.

Entergy sponsored the Savings Plan of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries VI (Savings Plan VI) (established in April 2007) and the Savings Plan of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries VII (Savings Plan VII) (established in April 2007) to which matching contributions were made. Effective December 31, 2023, employees participating in Savings Plan VI and Savings Plan VII were transferred into the System Savings Plan when Savings Plan VI and Savings Plan VII merged into the System Savings Plan.

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Entergy also sponsors the Savings Plan of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries VIII (established January 2021) and the Savings Plan of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries IX (established January 2021) to which company contributions are made. The participating Entergy subsidiary makes matching contributions to these defined contribution plans for all eligible participating employees in an amount equal to 100% of the participants’ basic contributions, up to 5% of their eligible earnings per pay period. Eligible participants may also receive a discretionary annual company contribution up to 4% of the participant’s eligible earnings (subject to vesting).

Entergy’s subsidiaries’ contributions to defined contribution plans collectively were $77.4 million in 2025, $72.3 million in 2024, and $65.1 million in 2023. The majority of the contributions were to the System Savings Plan.

The Registrant Subsidiaries’ 2025, 2024, and 2023 contributions to defined contribution plans for their employees were as follows:

NOTE 12. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Entergy Corporation)

Entergy grants stock options, restricted stock, performance units, and restricted stock units to key employees of the Entergy subsidiaries under its equity plans which are shareholder-approved stock-based compensation plans. The cost of the stock-based compensation is charged to income over the vesting period. Awards under Entergy’s plans generally vest over three years. Entergy accounts for forfeitures of stock-based compensation when they occur. Entergy recognizes all income tax effects related to share-based payments through the income statement.

The maximum number of common shares that can be issued from the 2019 Plan for stock-based awards is 24,400,000 all of which are available for incentive stock option grants. The 2019 Plan applies to awards granted on or after May 3, 2019 and awards expire ten years from the date of grant. As of December 31, 2025, there were 12,559,567 authorized shares remaining for stock-based awards.

Stock Options

Stock options are granted at exercise prices that equal the closing market price of Entergy Corporation common stock on the date of grant. Generally, stock options granted will become exercisable in equal amounts on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant. Unless they are forfeited previously under the terms of the grant, options expire 10 years after the date of the grant if they are not exercised.

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The following table includes financial information for stock options for each of the years presented:

Entergy determines the fair value of the stock option grants by considering factors such as lack of marketability, stock retention requirements, and regulatory restrictions on exercisability in accordance with accounting standards. The stock option weighted-average assumptions used in determining the fair values are as follows:

Stock price volatility is calculated based upon the daily public stock price volatility of Entergy Corporation common stock over a period equal to the expected term of the award. The expected term of the options is based upon historical option exercises and the weighted-average life of options when exercised and the estimated weighted-average life of all vested but unexercised options. In 2008, Entergy implemented stock ownership guidelines for its senior executive officers. These guidelines require an executive officer to own shares of Entergy Corporation common stock equal to a specified multiple of his or her salary. Until an executive officer achieves this ownership position the executive officer is required to retain 75% of the net-of-tax net profit upon exercise of the option to be held in Entergy Corporation common stock. The reduction in fair value of the stock options due to this restriction is based upon an estimate of the call option value of the reinvested gain discounted to present value over the applicable reinvestment period.

A summary of stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2025 and changes during the year are presented below:

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the year was $9.31 for 2024 and $10.04 for 2023. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $20 million during 2025, $56 million during 2024, and $2 million during 2023. The intrinsic value, which has no effect on net income, of the outstanding stock

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options exercised is calculated by the positive difference between the weighted-average exercise price of the stock options granted and Entergy Corporation’s common stock price as of December 31, 2025. Entergy recognizes compensation cost over the vesting period of the options based on their grant-date fair value. The total fair value of options that vested was approximately $6 million during 2025, $6 million during 2024, and $6 million during 2023. Cash received from option exercises was $36 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. The tax benefits realized from options exercised was $4.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2025.

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2025:

Stock-based compensation cost related to non-vested stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2025 not yet recognized is approximately $7 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 years.

Restricted Stock Awards

Entergy grants restricted stock awards under its stock benefit plans in the form of stock units. Shares of restricted stock have the same dividend and voting rights as other common stock and are considered issued and outstanding shares of Entergy upon vesting. Restricted stock awards are valued at the closing price of Entergy Corporation’s common stock on the grant date.

The following table includes information about the restricted stock awards outstanding as of December 31, 2025:

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The following table includes financial information for restricted stock for each of the years presented:

The total fair value of the restricted stock awards granted was $44 million, $43 million, and $41 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

The total fair value of the restricted stock awards vested was $36 million, $32 million, and $33 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

Long-Term Performance Unit Program

Entergy grants long-term incentive awards under its stock benefit plans in the form of performance units, which represents the value of, and are settled with, one share of Entergy Corporation common stock at the end of the three-year performance period, plus dividends accrued during the performance period on the number of performance units earned. The Long-Term Performance Unit Program specifies a minimum, target, and maximum achievement level, the achievement of which will determine the number of performance units that may be earned. Entergy measures performance by assessing Entergy’s total shareholder return relative to the total shareholder return of the companies in the Philadelphia Utility Index. To emphasize the importance of environmental stewardship, specifically of carbon-free generation and resilience, an environmental achievement measure was selected as one of the performance measures for the 2025-2027 performance period. For the 2025-2027 performance period, performance will be measured with relative total shareholder return weighted at eighty percent and the environmental achievement measure weighted at twenty percent. The total shareholder return portion is valued based on various factors, primarily market conditions; and the environmental achievement measure portion is valued based on the closing price of Entergy Corporation’s common stock on the grant date. Performance units do not have voting rights prior to vesting. Performance units are considered issued and outstanding shares of Entergy upon vesting and are expensed ratably over the three-year vesting period. Compensation cost for the portion of the award based on the selected environmental achievement measure will be adjusted based on the number of units that ultimately vest.

The following table includes information about the long-term performance units outstanding at the target level as of December 31, 2025:

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The following table includes financial information for the long-term performance units for each of the years presented:

The total fair value of the long-term performance units granted was $19 million, $24 million, and $20 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

In January 2025, Entergy issued 538,015 shares of Entergy Corporation common stock at a share price of $81.99 for awards earned and dividends accrued under the 2022-2024 Long-Term Performance Unit Program. In January 2024, Entergy issued 432,804 shares of Entergy Corporation common stock at a share price of $49.43 for awards earned and dividends accrued under the 2021-2023 Long-Term Performance Unit Program. In January 2023, Entergy issued 76,300 shares of Entergy Corporation common stock at a share price of $53.80 for awards earned and dividends accrued under the 2020-2022 Long-Term Performance Unit Program.

Restricted Stock Unit Awards

Entergy grants restricted stock unit awards under its stock benefit plans in the form of stock units that are subject to time-based restrictions. The restricted stock units may be settled in shares of Entergy Corporation common stock or the cash value of shares of Entergy Corporation common stock at the time of vesting. The costs of restricted stock unit awards are charged to income over the restricted period, which varies from grant to grant. The average vesting period for restricted stock unit awards granted is 36 months. As of December 31, 2025, there were 186,102 unvested restricted stock units that are expected to vest over an average period of 37 months.

The following table includes information about the restricted stock unit awards outstanding as of December 31, 2025:

The following table includes financial information for restricted stock unit awards for each of the years presented:

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The total fair value of the restricted stock unit awards granted was $5 million, $4 million, and $2 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

The total fair value of the restricted stock unit awards vested was $6 million, $5 million, and $1 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

NOTE 13. BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Entergy has a single reportable segment, Utility, which includes the generation, transmission, distribution, and sale of electric power in portions of Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas, and Louisiana, including the City of New Orleans; and included operation of a small natural gas distribution business in portions of Louisiana through June 30, 2025. See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of the Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025. Revenue for the Utility segment is primarily derived from retail electric sales. The accounting policies of the Utility segment are the same as those described in Note 1 to the financial statements. The Utility segment reflects management’s primary basis of organization with a predominant focus on its utility operations in the Gulf South. Entergy’s chief operating decision maker is its chief executive officer. The chief operating decision maker uses Utility net income in the annual planning process and to monitor budget versus actual results on a monthly basis in assessing financial performance and in determining how to allocate resources. Parent & Other includes the parent company, Entergy Corporation, and other business activity, including Entergy’s non-utility operations business, which is an operating segment that does not meet the quantitative thresholds for determining reportable segments. Entergy’s non-utility operations business owns interests in non-nuclear power plants that sell the electric power produced by those plants to wholesale customers and also provides decommissioning services to nuclear power plants owned by non-affiliated entities.

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The following table includes operating revenues and significant expense categories regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker for the Utility segment, a reconciliation of Utility operating revenues to Entergy’s consolidated operating revenues, and a reconciliation of Utility net income to consolidated net income and net income attributable to Entergy Corporation for each of the years presented:

(a)See Note 19 to the financial statements for discussion of other revenues.

(b)Other Utility items includes nuclear refueling outage expenses, asset write-offs, decommissioning expenses, taxes other than income taxes, depreciation and amortization expenses, other income, interest expense, and income tax expense.

(c)See Note 11 to the financial statements for discussion of the one-time non-cash pension settlement charge of $328 million, of which $8 million was recorded at Utility and $320 million was recorded at Parent & Other, resulting from a group annuity contract purchased in 2024 to settle certain pension liabilities.

(d)See Note 3 to the financial statements for discussion of the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit, which included a $568 million reduction, recorded at Utility, and a $275 million reduction, recorded at Parent & Other, in income tax expense in 2023.

(e)Preferred dividend requirements of subsidiaries and noncontrolling interests is substantially derived from the Utility segment.

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The following tables present segment financial information for Entergy’s single reportable segment, Utility, and a reconciliation to the corresponding consolidated amounts for Entergy Corporation.

Eliminations are primarily intersegment activity. All of Entergy’s goodwill is related to the Utility segment.

Registrant Subsidiaries

Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Texas each has one operating and reportable segment, an integrated utility business which includes the generation, transmission, and distribution of electric power; and included operation of a small natural gas distribution business at each of Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans through June 30, 2025. See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July

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1, 2025. Revenue for each integrated utility business is primarily derived from retail electric sales. System Energy has one operating and reportable segment, which is an electricity generation business. System Energy’s only source of revenue is the sale of electric power and capacity generated from its 90% interest in the Grand Gulf nuclear plant to Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans pursuant to the Unit Power Sales Agreement. Each of the Registrant Subsidiaries’ operations are managed on an integrated basis by that company because of the substantial effect of cost-based rates and regulatory oversight on the business process, cost structures, and operating results. The chief operating decision maker for the Registrant Subsidiaries is the respective president and chief executive officer for the Utility operating companies and the president for System Energy. Each chief operating decision maker assesses financial performance on an entity-wide basis and decides how to allocate resources based on net income that also is reported on the income statement for each of the Registrant Subsidiaries as net income. Net income is used in the annual planning process and to monitor budget versus actual results on a monthly basis and each Registrant Subsidiary’s earned return on common equity in assessing financial performance. Each chief operating decision maker is only provided with the consolidated financial results for the respective Registrant Subsidiary. All segment financial information for the Registrant Subsidiaries is as reported on the respective financial statements for each of the Registrant Subsidiaries.

Geographic Areas

Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries derive substantially all revenue from inside of the United States and all long-lived assets are located within the United States.

Major Customers

Neither Entergy nor the Registrant Subsidiaries have an individual customer representing more than 10% of its respective revenues for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023.

NOTE 14. ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and Entergy New Orleans)

Acquisitions

Walnut Bend Solar

In June 2020, Entergy Arkansas signed a build-own-transfer agreement for the purchase of an approximately 100 MW to-be-constructed solar photovoltaic energy facility, Walnut Bend Solar facility, to be sited on approximately 1,000 acres in Lee County, Arkansas. Acquisition of the Walnut Bend Solar facility was initially approved by the APSC in July 2021. The agreement was amended by the parties in February 2023, and the revised agreement was approved by the APSC in July 2023. In February 2024, Entergy Arkansas made an initial payment of approximately $170 million to acquire the facility. Substantial completion was achieved and commercial operation commenced in September 2024, at which time Entergy Arkansas made a substantial completion payment of approximately $16 million for acquisition of the facility. The final payment of approximately $1 million for the acquisition of the facility was made in March 2025.

West Memphis Solar

In September 2020, Entergy Arkansas signed a build-own-transfer agreement for the purchase of an approximately 180 MW to-be-constructed solar photovoltaic energy facility, West Memphis Solar facility, to be sited on approximately 1,500 acres in Crittenden County, Arkansas. Acquisition of the West Memphis Solar facility was initially approved by the APSC in October 2021. In March 2022 the counterparty to the build-own-transfer agreement notified Entergy Arkansas that it was seeking changes to certain terms of the agreement, including both cost and schedule. Entergy Arkansas filed a supplemental application with the APSC in January 2023 for a change

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in the transmission route and updates to the cost and schedule, which was approved by the APSC in March 2023. In August 2024, Entergy Arkansas made an initial payment of approximately $48 million to acquire the facility. Substantial completion was achieved in November 2024, at which time Entergy Arkansas made a substantial completion payment of approximately $192 million for acquisition of the facility. Commercial operation commenced in December 2024.

Driver Solar

In August 2022, Entergy Arkansas signed a build-own-transfer agreement for the purchase of an approximately 250 MW to-be-constructed solar photovoltaic energy facility, Driver Solar facility, to be sited near Osceola, Arkansas. Acquisition of the Driver Solar facility was approved by the APSC in August 2022. In August 2024, Entergy Arkansas made an initial payment of approximately $308 million to acquire the facility. Substantial completion was achieved in November 2024, at which time Entergy Arkansas made a substantial completion payment of approximately $85 million for acquisition of the facility. Commercial operation commenced in December 2024. The final payment of approximately $0.3 million for the acquisition of the facility was made in April 2025.

Dispositions

Natural Gas Distribution Businesses

On October 28, 2023, Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana each entered into separate purchase and sale agreements with respect to the sale of their respective regulated natural gas local distribution company businesses to two separate affiliates of Bernhard Capital Partners Management LP. The Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses are reflected in Entergy’s Utility reportable segment and in the respective single reportable segment for each of Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana through June 30, 2025.

Required regulatory approval was received from the LPSC and the City Council in August 2024 and December 2024, respectively. In February 2025 the Metropolitan Council of the Parish of East Baton Rouge approved the proposed sale of the Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution business and also approved the assignment of the parish franchise from Entergy Louisiana to Delta Capital Gas Company, LLC (a Bernhard Capital Partners Management LP affiliate).

As described above, the transactions received all required regulatory approvals, and the Second Phase commenced on March 5, 2025.

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The Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses first met the criteria to be classified as held for sale in the quarter ended December 31, 2024. Neither Entergy Louisiana nor Entergy New Orleans recognized any write downs of the natural gas distribution business assets as a result of their classification as held for sale. The assets and liabilities of the Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses classified as held for sale on Entergy’s, Entergy Louisiana’s, and Entergy New Orleans’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 included the following amounts:

(a) Goodwill was allocated to the natural gas distribution business based on its relative fair value compared to the retained portion of the reporting unit.

(b) Included within other current liabilities on the respective consolidated balance sheets.

Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans each continued to recognize depreciation on their respective natural gas distribution business assets classified as held for sale through June 30, 2025 because they received revenues through utility customer rates through the closing of their respective transactions. The final purchase price for each natural gas distribution business was adjusted by an amount equal to that depreciation, among other adjustments.

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The pre-tax income for the Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses, excluding interest and corporate allocations, included in Entergy’s, Entergy Louisiana’s, and Entergy New Orleans’s consolidated income statements for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 is as follows:

On July 1, 2025, Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans completed the sale of their natural gas distribution businesses. The base purchase price, including a fourth quarter true-up, paid by the buyer of the Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution business upon closing was $200 million, and the base purchase price, including a fourth quarter true-up, paid by the buyer of the Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution business upon closing was $284 million. In 2025, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy recognized gains of $19 million ($14 million net-of-tax), $7 million ($5 million net-of-tax), and $19 million ($12 million net-of-tax), respectively, in connection with the completion of the sale of the Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses. The gains recognized by Entergy Louisiana, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy were net of $15 million, $17 million, and $32 million, respectively, in transaction costs, and Entergy’s gain also included the derecognition of $7 million of goodwill attributed to the businesses sold following the completion of the sale. In third quarter 2025, Entergy New Orleans and Entergy deferred $4 million of their respective gains recognized as a result of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution business as a regulatory liability. The regulatory liability will be amortized over three years beginning September 2026, as the $4 million is credited to customers, as required by the City Council. The gains resulting from the sale of the natural gas distribution businesses for Entergy, Entergy Louisiana, and Entergy New Orleans are included within other operation and maintenance expenses on the respective consolidated income statements. Additionally in third quarter 2025, as a result of the sale, Entergy New Orleans recorded a write-off of $13 million of natural gas plant assets that were not included in the sale to Delta New Orleans Gas Company, LLC, and which will not be recovered. Entergy Louisiana did not recognize any write downs of natural gas distribution business assets as a result of the sale.

NOTE 15. RISK MANAGEMENT AND FAIR VALUES (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Market Risk

In the normal course of business, Entergy is exposed to a number of market risks. Market risk is the potential loss that Entergy may incur as a result of changes in the market or fair value of a particular commodity or instrument. All financial and commodity-related instruments, including derivatives, are subject to market risk including commodity price risk, equity price, and interest rate risk.

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Derivatives

Entergy designates a significant portion of its derivative instruments as normal purchase/normal sale transactions due to their physical settlement provisions, including power purchase and sales agreements, fuel purchase agreements, and capacity contracts. Certain derivative instruments do not qualify for designation as normal purchase/normal sale transactions due to their financial settlement provisions. See further discussion below regarding the accounting for these derivative instruments.

In 2025, Entergy Texas entered into interest rate swaps, accounted for as derivatives, to manage interest rate risks associated with Entergy Texas’s build-to-suit lease arrangement for the Legend Power Station. These interest rate swaps are not designated as hedging instruments. Interest will be calculated as the sum of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus the blended spreads per the build-to-suit lease arrangement, compounded monthly, with one cash settlement per year over the approximate two year construction period. The notional volume of the hedge was calculated based on the expected costs for the Legend Power Station at the time Entergy Texas entered into the interest rate swaps. The interest rate swaps run through January 31, 2028. The total notional volume is $1.1 billion for Entergy Texas as of December 31, 2025. Credit support for the swaps are covered by master agreements that do not require Entergy Texas to provide collateral based on mark-to-market values, but do carry adequate assurance language that may lead to requests for collateral.

Entergy manages fuel price volatility for Entergy Louisiana and Entergy Mississippi through the purchase of natural gas swaps and options that financially settle against either the average Henry Hub Gas Daily prices or the NYMEX Henry Hub. These swaps and options are marked-to-market through fuel expense with offsetting regulatory assets or liabilities. All benefits or costs of the program are recorded in fuel costs. The maximum length of time over which Entergy has executed natural gas swaps and options as of December 31, 2025 is 10 months for Entergy Mississippi. The total volume of natural gas swaps and options outstanding as of December 31, 2025 is 12,434,000 MMBtu for Entergy and Entergy Mississippi. As of December 31, 2025, Entergy Louisiana had no outstanding natural gas swaps or options. Credit support for these natural gas swaps and options is covered by master agreements that do not require Entergy to provide collateral based on mark-to-market value, but do carry adequate assurance language that may lead to requests for collateral. Prior to the sale of the Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution business, Entergy also managed fuel price volatility related to projected winter purchases for gas distribution at Entergy New Orleans through the purchase of natural gas swaps. See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025.

During the second quarter 2025, Entergy participated in the annual financial transmission rights auction process for the MISO planning year of June 1, 2025 through May 31, 2026. Financial transmission rights are derivative instruments that represent economic hedges of future congestion charges that will be incurred in serving Entergy’s customer load. They are not designated as hedging instruments. Entergy initially records financial transmission rights at their estimated fair value and subsequently adjusts the carrying value to their estimated fair value at the end of each accounting period prior to settlement. Unrealized gains or losses on financial transmission rights held by the non-utility operations are included in operating revenues. The Utility operating companies recognize regulatory liabilities or assets for unrealized gains or losses on financial transmission rights. The total volume of financial transmission rights outstanding as of December 31, 2025 is 44,896 GWh for Entergy, including 9,504 GWh for Entergy Arkansas, 23,971 GWh for Entergy Louisiana, 5,070 GWh for Entergy Mississippi, 1,637 GWh for Entergy New Orleans, and 4,714 GWh for Entergy Texas. Credit support for financial transmission rights held by the Utility operating companies is covered by cash and/or letters of credit issued by each Utility operating company as required by MISO. No cash was required to be posted for financial transmission rights exposure for the Utility operating companies as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. Letters of credit posted with MISO covered the financial transmission rights exposure for Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy

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Texas as of December 31, 2025 and for Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Texas as of December 31, 2024. Credit support for financial transmission rights held by Entergy’s non-utility operations business may also be covered by cash and/or letters of credit. No cash or letters of credit were required to be posted for financial transmission rights exposure for the non-utility operations business as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

The fair values of Entergy’s derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments on the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are shown in the table below. Certain investments, including those not designated as hedging instruments, are subject to master netting agreements and are presented in the balance sheet on a net basis in accordance with accounting guidance for derivatives and hedging.

(a)Represents the gross amounts of recognized assets/liabilities

(b)Represents the netting of fair value balances with the same counterparty

(c)Represents the net amounts of assets/liabilities presented on the Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries’ Consolidated Balance Sheets

(d)Excludes letters of credit posted with MISO to cover financial transmission rights exposure in the amount of $2 million as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024

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The effects of Entergy’s derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments on the consolidated income statements for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 are as follows:

(a)Due to regulatory treatment, the natural gas swaps and options are marked-to-market through fuel, fuel-related expenses, and gas purchased for resale and then such amounts are simultaneously reversed and recorded as an offsetting regulatory asset or liability. The gains or losses recorded as fuel expenses when the swaps and options are settled are recovered or refunded through fuel cost recovery mechanisms.

(b)Due to regulatory treatment, the changes in the estimated fair value of financial transmission rights for the Utility operating companies are recorded through purchased power expense and then such amounts are simultaneously reversed and recorded as an offsetting regulatory asset or liability. The gains or losses recorded as purchased power expense when the financial transmission rights for the Utility operating companies are settled are recovered or refunded through fuel cost recovery mechanisms.

(c)Due to regulatory treatment, the changes in the estimated fair value of the interest rate swaps for Entergy Texas are recorded through interest expense and then such amounts are simultaneously reversed and recorded as an offsetting regulatory asset or liability. The gains or losses recorded as interest expense when the interest rate swaps for Entergy Texas are settled are expected to be recovered in ratemaking relating to the Legend Power Station. See Note 8 to the financial statements for discussion of the build-to-suit lease arrangement for the Legend Power Station.

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The fair values of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments on the Registrant Subsidiaries’ balance sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are shown in the tables below. Certain investments, including those not designated as hedging instruments, are subject to master netting agreements and are presented in the balance sheet on a net basis in accordance with accounting guidance for derivatives and hedging.

(a)Represents the gross amounts of recognized assets/liabilities

(b)Represents the netting of fair value balances with the same counterparty

(c)Represents the net amounts of assets/liabilities presented on the Registrant Subsidiaries’ balance sheets

(d)Excludes letters of credit posted with MISO to cover financial transmission rights exposure in the amount of $0.1 million for Entergy Arkansas, $0.8 million for Entergy Louisiana, $0.8 million for Entergy Mississippi, and $0.1 million for Entergy Texas as of December 31, 2025 and in the amount of $0.5 million for Entergy

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Arkansas, $0.1 million for Entergy Louisiana, $0.8 million for Entergy Mississippi, $0.1 million for Entergy New Orleans, and $0.3 million for Entergy Texas as of December 31, 2024

The effects of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments on the Registrant Subsidiaries’ income statements for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 are as follows:

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recorded as an offsetting regulatory asset or liability. The gains or losses recorded as fuel expenses when the swaps and options are settled are recovered or refunded through fuel cost recovery mechanisms.

Fair Values

Accounting standards define fair value as an exit price, or the price that would be received to sell an asset or the amount that would be paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between knowledgeable market participants at the date of measurement. Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries use assumptions or market input data that market participants would use in pricing assets or liabilities at fair value. The inputs can be readily observable, corroborated by market data, or generally unobservable. Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries endeavor to use the best available information to determine fair value.

Accounting standards establish a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy establishes the highest priority for unadjusted market quotes in an active market for the identical asset or liability and the lowest priority for unobservable inputs.

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are:

•Level 1 - Level 1 inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. Level 1 primarily consists of individually owned common stocks, cash equivalents (temporary cash investments, securitization recovery trust account, and escrow accounts), debt instruments, and gas swaps traded on exchanges with active markets. Cash equivalents includes all unrestricted highly liquid debt instruments with an original or remaining maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase.

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•Level 2 - Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are, either directly or indirectly, observable for the asset or liability at the measurement date. Assets are valued based on prices derived by independent third parties that use inputs such as benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, and issuer spreads. Prices are reviewed and can be challenged with the independent parties and/or overridden by Entergy if it is believed such would be more reflective of fair value. Level 2 inputs include the following:

–quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

–quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets;

–inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; or

–inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 2 consists primarily of individually-owned debt instruments, gas swaps, and interest rate swaps valued using observable inputs.

•Level 3 - Level 3 inputs are pricing inputs that are generally less observable or unobservable from objective sources. These inputs are used with internally developed methodologies to produce management’s best estimate of fair value for the asset or liability. Level 3 consists primarily of financial transmission rights.

The values of financial transmission rights are based on unobservable inputs, including estimates of congestion costs in MISO between applicable generation and load pricing nodes based on the 50th percentile of historical prices. They are classified as Level 3 assets and liabilities. The valuations of these assets and liabilities are performed by the Office of Corporate Risk Oversight. The values are calculated internally and verified against the data published by MISO. Entergy’s Accounting group reviews these valuations for reasonableness, with the assistance of others within the organization with knowledge of the various inputs and assumptions used in the valuation. The Office of Corporate Risk Oversight reports to the Vice President and Treasurer. The Accounting group reports to the Chief Accounting Officer.

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The following tables set forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, Entergy’s assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to a fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.

(a)The decommissioning trust funds hold equity and fixed income securities. Equity securities are invested to approximate the returns of major market indices. Fixed income securities are held in various governmental and corporate securities. See Note 16 to the financial statements for additional information on the investment portfolios.

(b)Common trust funds are not publicly quoted and are valued by the fund administrators using net asset value as a practical expedient. Accordingly, these funds are not assigned a level in the fair value table. The fund administrator of these investments allows daily trading at the net asset value and trades settle at a later date.

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The following table sets forth a reconciliation of changes in the net assets for the fair value of financial transmission rights classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023:

The fair values of the Level 3 financial transmission rights are based on unobservable inputs calculated internally and verified against historical pricing data published by MISO.

The following table sets forth an analysis of each of the types of unobservable inputs impacting the fair value of items classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy, and the sensitivity to changes to those inputs:

The following tables set forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, the Registrant Subsidiaries’ assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to a fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect placement within the fair value hierarchy levels.

Entergy Arkansas

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Entergy Louisiana

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Entergy Mississippi

Entergy New Orleans

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Entergy Texas

System Energy

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The following table sets forth a reconciliation of changes in the net assets (liabilities) for the fair value of financial transmission rights classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy for the year ended December 31, 2025.

NOTE 16. DECOMMISSIONING TRUST FUNDS (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy)

The NRC requires certain of the Utility operating companies and System Energy to maintain nuclear decommissioning trusts to fund the costs of decommissioning ANO 1 and 2, River Bend, Waterford 3, and Grand Gulf. Entergy’s nuclear decommissioning trust funds invest in equity securities, fixed-rate debt securities, and cash and cash equivalents.

Entergy records decommissioning trust funds on the balance sheet at their fair value. Because of the ability of the Registrant Subsidiaries to recover decommissioning costs in rates and in accordance with the regulatory treatment for decommissioning trust funds, for unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities, the Registrant Subsidiaries record an offsetting amount in other regulatory liabilities/assets. For the 30% interest in River Bend formerly owned by Cajun, Entergy Louisiana records an offsetting amount in other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets of Entergy and Entergy Louisiana for the unrealized trust earnings not currently expected to be needed to decommission the plant. Generally, Entergy records gains and losses on its debt and equity securities using the specific identification method to determine the cost basis of its securities.

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The unrealized gains/(losses) recognized during the year ended December 31, 2025 on equity securities still held as of December 31, 2025 were $475 million. The equity securities are generally held in funds that are designed to approximate or somewhat exceed the return of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. The debt securities are generally held in individual government and credit issuances.

The available-for-sale debt securities held as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are summarized as follows:

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no deferred taxes on unrealized gains/(losses). The amortized cost of available-for-sale debt securities was $2,219 million as of December 31, 2025 and $2,121 million as of December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2025, available-for-sale debt securities had an average coupon rate of approximately 4.17%, an average duration of approximately 6.23 years, and an average maturity of approximately 10.54 years.

The fair value and gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale debt securities, summarized by length of time that the securities had been in a continuous loss position, were as follows as of December 31, 2025 and 2024:

The fair value of available-for-sale debt securities, summarized by contractual maturities, as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

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The following table summarizes proceeds from the dispositions of available-for-sale debt securities and the related gains and losses from the sales for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023:

During the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 gross gains and gross losses related to available-for-sale debt securities were reclassified out of other regulatory liabilities/assets into earnings.

Entergy Arkansas

Entergy Arkansas holds equity securities and available-for-sale debt securities in nuclear decommissioning trust accounts. The available-for-sale debt securities held as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are summarized as follows:

The amortized cost of available-for-sale debt securities was $620.7 million as of December 31, 2025 and $603.5 million as of December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2025, the available-for-sale debt securities had an average coupon rate of approximately 3.88%, an average duration of approximately 6.49 years, and an average maturity of approximately 8.86 years.

The unrealized gains/(losses) recognized during the year ended December 31, 2025 on equity securities still held as of December 31, 2025 were $137.5 million. The equity securities are generally held in funds that are designed to approximate or somewhat exceed the return of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. The debt securities are generally held in individual government and credit issuances.

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The fair value of available-for-sale debt securities, summarized by contractual maturities, as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

During the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, gross gains and gross losses related to available-for-sale debt securities were reclassified out of other regulatory liabilities/assets into earnings.

Entergy Louisiana

Entergy Louisiana holds equity securities and available-for-sale debt securities in nuclear decommissioning trust accounts. The available-for-sale debt securities held as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are summarized as follows:

The amortized cost of available-for-sale debt securities was $994.6 million as of December 31, 2025 and $931.5 million as of December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2025, the available-for-sale debt securities had an average coupon rate of approximately 4.41%, an average duration of approximately 6.16 years, and an average maturity of approximately 11.97 years.

The unrealized gains/(losses) recognized during the year ended December 31, 2025 on equity securities still held as of December 31, 2025 were $204 million. The equity securities are generally held in funds that are designed to approximate or somewhat exceed the return of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. The debt securities are generally held in individual government and credit issuances.

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The fair value of available-for-sale debt securities, summarized by contractual maturities, as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

System Energy

System Energy holds equity securities and available-for-sale debt securities in nuclear decommissioning trust accounts. The available-for-sale debt securities held as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are summarized as follows:

The amortized cost of available-for-sale debt securities was $603.7 million as of December 31, 2025 and $585.5 million as of December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2025, the available-for-sale debt securities had an

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average coupon rate of approximately 4.08%, an average duration of approximately 9.89 years, and an average maturity of approximately 6.10 years.

The unrealized gains/(losses) recognized during the year ended December 31, 2025 on equity securities still held as of December 31, 2025 were $133.3 million. The equity securities are generally held in funds that are designed to approximate or somewhat exceed the return of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index. The debt securities are generally held in individual government and credit issuances.

The fair value of available-for-sale debt securities, summarized by contractual maturities, as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

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NOTE 17. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Under applicable authoritative accounting guidance, a variable interest entity (VIE) is an entity that conducts a business or holds property that possesses any of the following characteristics: an insufficient amount of equity at risk to finance its activities, equity owners who do not have the power to direct the significant activities of the entity (or have voting rights that are disproportionate to their ownership interest), or where equity holders do not receive expected losses or returns. An entity may have an interest in a VIE through ownership or other contractual rights or obligations, and is required to consolidate a VIE if it is the VIE’s primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is the entity that has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE’s economic performance and has the obligation to absorb losses or has the right to residual returns that would potentially be significant to the entity.

Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy consolidate the respective companies from which they lease nuclear fuel, usually in a sale and leaseback transaction. This is because Entergy directs the nuclear fuel companies with respect to nuclear fuel purchases, assists the nuclear fuel companies in obtaining financing, and, if financing cannot be arranged, the lessee (Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, or System Energy) is required to pay advance rent (Entergy Arkansas VIE, Entergy Louisiana Waterford VIE, and System Energy VIE) or special payments (Entergy Louisiana River Bend VIE) to allow the nuclear fuel company (the VIE) to meet its obligations. During the term of the arrangements, none of the Entergy operating companies have been required to provide financial support apart from their scheduled lease payments. These amounts also represent Entergy’s and the respective Registrant Subsidiary’s maximum exposure to losses associated with their respective interests in the nuclear fuel companies.

In April 2022, Entergy Texas Restoration Funding II issued senior secured system restoration bonds (securitization bonds) to finance Entergy Texas’s Hurricane Laura, Hurricane Delta, and Winter Storm Uri restoration costs. With the proceeds, Entergy Texas Restoration Funding II purchased from Entergy Texas the transition property, which is the right to recover from customers through a system restoration charge amounts sufficient to service the securitization bonds. The transition property is reflected as a regulatory asset on the consolidated Entergy Texas balance sheet. The creditors of Entergy Texas do not have recourse to the assets or revenues of Entergy Texas Restoration Funding II, including the transition property, and the creditors of Entergy Texas Restoration Funding II do not have recourse to the assets or revenues of Entergy Texas. Entergy Texas has no payment obligations to Entergy Texas Restoration Funding II except to remit system restoration charge collections. See Note 5 to the financial statements for additional details regarding the securitization bonds.

Entergy New Orleans Storm Recovery Funding I, L.L.C., a company wholly-owned and consolidated by Entergy New Orleans, is a VIE and Entergy New Orleans is the primary beneficiary. In July 2015, Entergy New Orleans Storm Recovery Funding issued storm cost recovery bonds to recover Entergy New Orleans’s Hurricane Isaac storm restoration costs, including carrying costs, the costs of funding and replenishing the storm recovery reserve, and up-front financing costs associated with the securitization. With the proceeds, Entergy New Orleans Storm Recovery Funding purchased from Entergy New Orleans the storm recovery property, which is the right to recover from customers through a storm recovery charge amounts sufficient to service the securitization bonds. See Note 5 to the financial statements for additional details regarding the securitization bonds.

Restoration Law Trust I (the storm trust I), a trust consolidated by Entergy Louisiana, is a VIE and Entergy Louisiana is the primary beneficiary. The storm trust I was established as part of the May 2022 Act 293

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securitization of Entergy Louisiana’s Hurricane Laura, Hurricane Delta, Hurricane Zeta, and Winter Storm Uri restoration costs, as well as to establish a storm reserve to fund a portion of Hurricane Ida storm restoration costs. Entergy Louisiana is the primary beneficiary of the storm trust I because it was created to facilitate the financing of Entergy Louisiana’s storm restoration costs and Entergy Louisiana is entitled to receive a majority of the proceeds received by the storm trust I. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the primary asset held by the storm trust I was $2.7 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively, of outstanding Entergy Finance Company preferred membership interests, which is reflected as an investment in affiliate preferred membership interests on the consolidated balance sheets of Entergy Louisiana. The storm trust I’s investment in affiliate preferred membership interests was purchased with the net bond proceeds of the securitization bonds issued by the LCDA. After the securitization bonds were issued, the LCDA loaned the net bond proceeds to the LURC, and pursuant to Act 293, the LURC contributed the net bond proceeds to the storm trust I. The holders of the securitization bonds do not have recourse to the assets or revenues of the trust or to any Entergy affiliate and the bonds are not reflected in the consolidated balance sheets of Entergy or Entergy Louisiana. The LURC’s 1% beneficial interest in the storm trust I is recorded as noncontrolling interest on the consolidated balance sheets of Entergy and Entergy Louisiana, with balances of $27.1 million and $28.8 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. See Note 2 to the financial statements for additional discussion of the securitization bonds and the preferred membership interests.

Restoration Law Trust II (the storm trust II), a trust consolidated by Entergy Louisiana, is a VIE and Entergy Louisiana is the primary beneficiary. The storm trust II was established as part of the March 2023 Act 293 securitization of Entergy Louisiana’s Hurricane Ida restoration costs, less Hurricane Ida amounts previously financed in May 2022 in a prior securitization transaction. Entergy Louisiana is the primary beneficiary of the storm trust II because it was created to facilitate the financing of Entergy Louisiana’s storm restoration costs and Entergy Louisiana is entitled to receive a majority of the proceeds received by the storm trust II. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the primary asset held by the storm trust II was $1.3 billion and $1.4 billion, respectively, of outstanding Entergy Finance Company preferred membership interests, which is reflected as an investment in affiliate preferred membership interests on the consolidated balance sheets of Entergy Louisiana. The storm trust II’s investment in affiliate preferred membership interests was purchased with the net bond proceeds of the securitization bonds issued by the LCDA. After the securitization bonds were issued, the LCDA loaned the net bond proceeds to the LURC, and pursuant to Act 293, the LURC contributed the net bond proceeds to the storm trust II. The holders of the securitization bonds do not have recourse to the assets or revenues of the storm trust II or to any Entergy affiliate and the bonds are not reflected in the consolidated balance sheets of Entergy or Entergy Louisiana. The LURC’s 1% beneficial interest in the storm trust II is recorded as noncontrolling interest on the consolidated balance sheets of Entergy and Entergy Louisiana, with balances of $13.1 million and $13.9 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. See Note 2 to the financial statements for additional discussion of the securitization bonds and the preferred membership interests.

System Energy is considered to hold a variable interest in the lessor from which it leases an undivided interest in the Grand Gulf nuclear plant. System Energy is the lessee under this arrangement, which is described in more detail in Note 5 to the financial statements. System Energy made payments under this arrangement, including interest, of $17.2 million in 2025, 2024, and 2023. The lessor is a bank acting in the capacity of owner trustee for the benefit of equity investors in the transaction pursuant to trust agreement entered solely for the purpose of facilitating the lease transaction. It is possible that System Energy may be considered as the primary beneficiary of the lessor, but it is unable to apply the authoritative accounting guidance with respect to this VIE because the lessor is not required to, and could not, provide the necessary financial information to consolidate the lessor. Because System Energy accounts for this leasing arrangement as a capital financing, however, System Energy believes that consolidating the lessor would not materially affect the financial statements. In the event of default under a lease, remedies available to the lessor include payment by the lessee of the fair value of the undivided interest in the plant, payment of the present value of the basic rent payments, or payment of a predetermined casualty value. System Energy believes, however, that the obligations recorded on the balance sheet materially represent its potential exposure to loss.

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AR Searcy Partnership, LLC, is a tax equity partnership that qualifies as a VIE, which Entergy Arkansas is required to consolidate as it is the primary beneficiary. AR Searcy Partnership, LLC was formed to acquire and own the Searcy Solar facility. The entity is a VIE because the holders of the membership interests, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest, including substantive kick out rights. Entergy Arkansas is the primary beneficiary of the partnership because, as the managing member, it has the right to direct the operations and receive a majority of the operating income of the partnership. See Note 1 to the financial statements for discussion of the presentation of the third party tax equity partner’s noncontrolling interest and the HLBV method of accounting used to account for Entergy Arkansas’s investment in AR Searcy Partnership, LLC. As of December 31, 2025, AR Searcy Partnership, LLC recorded assets equal to $124.4 million, primarily consisting of property, plant, and equipment, and the carrying value of Entergy Arkansas’s ownership interest in the partnership was approximately $113.1 million. As of December 31, 2024, AR Searcy Partnership, LLC recorded assets equal to $129.7 million, primarily consisting of property, plant, and equipment, and the carrying value of Entergy Arkansas’s ownership interest in the partnership was approximately $113.2 million. The tax equity investor’s ownership interest is recorded as noncontrolling interest.

MS Sunflower Partnership, LLC, is a tax equity partnership that qualifies as a VIE, which Entergy Mississippi is required to consolidate as it is the primary beneficiary. MS Sunflower Partnership, LLC, was formed to acquire and own the Sunflower Solar facility. The entity is a VIE because the holders of the membership interests, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest, including substantive kick out rights. Entergy Mississippi is the primary beneficiary of the partnership because, as the managing member, it has the right to direct the operations and receive a majority of the operating income of the partnership. See Note 1 to the financial statements for discussion of the presentation of the third party tax equity partner’s noncontrolling interest and the HLBV method of accounting used to account for Entergy Mississippi’s investment in MS Sunflower Partnership, LLC. As of December 31, 2025, MS Sunflower Partnership, LLC recorded assets equal to $154.5 million, primarily consisting of property, plant, and equipment, and the carrying value of Entergy Mississippi’s ownership interest in the partnership was approximately $134.9 million. As of December 31, 2024, MS Sunflower Partnership, LLC recorded assets equal to $157.8 million, primarily consisting of property, plant, and equipment, and the carrying value of Entergy Mississippi’s ownership interest in the partnership was approximately $132.7 million. The tax equity investor’s ownership interest is recorded as noncontrolling interest.

Entergy has also reviewed various lease arrangements, power purchase agreements, including agreements for renewable power, and other agreements that represent variable interests in other legal entities which have been determined to be VIEs. In these cases, Entergy has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of the related VIE because it does not have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE’s economic performance, or it does not have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to residual returns that would potentially be significant to the entity, or both.

NOTE 18. TRANSACTIONS WITH AFFILIATES (Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Each Registrant Subsidiary purchases electricity from or sells electricity to the other Registrant Subsidiaries, or both, under rate schedules filed with the FERC. The Registrant Subsidiaries receive management, technical, advisory, operating, and administrative services from Entergy Services; and receive management, technical, and operating services from Entergy Operations. These transactions are on an “at cost” basis.

As described in Note 19 to the financial statements, all of System Energy’s operating revenues consist of billings to Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans, and billings to Entergy Louisiana through September 30, 2025. See Note 8 to the financial statements for discussion of the amendment to the Unit Power Sales Agreement as of October 1, 2025.

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As described in Note 4 to the financial statements, the Registrant Subsidiaries participate in the Entergy system money pool and earn interest income from the money pool.

The tables below contain the various affiliate transactions of the Utility operating companies, System Energy, and other Entergy affiliates.

Intercompany Revenues

Intercompany Operating Expenses

Intercompany Interest and Investment Income

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NOTE 19. REVENUE (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Revenues from electric service and the sale of natural gas are recognized when services are transferred to the customer in an amount equal to what Entergy has the right to bill the customer because this amount represents the value of services provided to customers. Entergy’s total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were as follows:

The Utility operating companies’ total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2025 were as follows:

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The Utility operating companies’ total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024 were as follows:

The Utility operating companies’ total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 were as follows:

(a)Sales for resale includes day-ahead sales of energy in a market administered by an ISO. These sales represent financially binding commitments for the sale of physical energy the next day. These sales are adjusted to actual power generated and delivered in the real time market. Given the short duration of these transactions, Entergy does not consider them to be derivatives subject to fair value adjustments and includes them as part of customer revenues.

(b)Other electric revenues consist primarily of transmission and ancillary services provided to participants of an ISO-administered market, unbilled revenue, the return on construction work in progress for certain utility plant investments, and certain customer credits as directed by regulators.

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(c)Other Utility revenues include the equity component of carrying costs related to securitization, occasional sales of inventory, alternative revenue programs, provisions for revenue subject to refund, late fees, and amounts resulting from other operating activities.

(d)Other revenues include the sale of electric power and capacity to wholesale customers, day-ahead sales of energy in a market administered by an ISO, and operation and management services fees.

Electric Revenues

Entergy’s primary source of revenue is from retail electric sales sold under tariff rates approved by regulators in its various jurisdictions. Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Texas generate, transmit, and distribute electric power primarily to retail customers in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. Entergy’s Utility operating companies provide power to customers on demand throughout the month, measured by a meter located at the customer’s property. Approved rates vary by customer class due to differing requirements of the customers and market factors involved in fulfilling those requirements. Entergy issues monthly bills to customers at rates approved by regulators for power and related services provided during the previous billing cycle.

To the extent that deliveries have occurred, but a bill has not been issued, Entergy’s Utility operating companies record an estimate for energy delivered since the latest billings. The inputs are revised as needed to approximate actual usage and cost. Price and volume differences resulting from factors such as weather affect the calculation of unbilled revenues from one period to the other.

Entergy may record revenue based on rates that are subject to refund. Such revenues are reduced by estimated refund amounts when Entergy believes refunds are probable based on the status of rate proceedings as of the date financial statements are prepared. Because these refunds will be made through a reduction in future rates, and not as a reduction in bills previously issued, they are presented as other revenues in the table above.

Most of Entergy’s contracts are on demand, with customer bills that vary each month based on an approved tariff and usage. Certain retail customers, primarily large industrial customers from various industries, have electric service agreements that require a fixed amount of consideration to be paid through the end of a contract term longer than one year. As of December 31, 2025, the amount of revenues related to this fixed consideration that Entergy expects to recognize over the remaining contract terms, extending through 2048, was $8,038 million for Entergy, including $4,418 million for Entergy Arkansas, $849 million for Entergy Louisiana, $2,567 million for Entergy Mississippi, and $204 million for Entergy Texas.

System Energy’s only source of revenue is the sale of electric power and capacity generated from its 90% interest in the Grand Gulf nuclear plant to Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans. System Energy issues monthly bills to its affiliated customers equal to its actual operating costs plus a return on common equity approved by the FERC. Effective January 1, 2025, Entergy Louisiana divested all of its 14% share of capacity and energy from Grand Gulf and all of the capacity and energy from Grand Gulf that it purchases from Entergy Arkansas (approximately 2.43%) to Entergy Mississippi. This divestiture was effectuated initially under a designated PPA between Entergy Louisiana and Entergy Mississippi, which was accepted by the FERC in November 2024. The MPSC approved the MSS-4 replacement PPA, effective as of January 1, 2025. An amended Unit Power Sales Agreement became effective as of October 1, 2025, which removed Entergy Louisiana from the entitlement and responsibility to purchase power from Grand Gulf. Thus on October 1, 2025, the MSS-4

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replacement PPA was terminated.

Entergy’s Utility operating companies also sell excess power not needed for their own customers, primarily through transactions with MISO, a regional transmission organization that maintains functional control over the combined transmission systems of its members and manages one of the largest energy markets in the U.S. In the MISO market, Entergy offers its generation and bids its load into the market. MISO settles these offers and bids based on locational marginal prices. These represent pricing for energy at a given location based on a market clearing price that takes into account physical limitations on the transmission system, generation, and demand throughout the MISO region. MISO evaluates each market participant’s energy offers and demand bids to economically and reliably dispatch the entire MISO system. Entergy nets purchases and sales within the MISO market and reports in operating revenues when in a net selling position and in operating expenses when in a net purchasing position.

Natural Gas

Prior to the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025, Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana distributed natural gas to retail customers in and around New Orleans, Louisiana and Baton Rouge, Louisiana, respectively. Entergy issued monthly invoices to customers at rates approved by regulators for the volume of gas transferred to date. See “Dispositions - Natural Gas Distribution Businesses” in Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025.

Other Revenues

Entergy’s revenues from its non-utility operations include the sale of electric power and capacity to wholesale customers, day-ahead sales of energy in a market administered by an ISO, and operation and management services fees.

Recovery of Fuel Costs

Entergy’s Utility operating companies’ rate schedules include either fuel adjustment clauses or fixed fuel factors, which allow either current recovery in billings to customers or deferral of fuel costs until the costs are billed to customers. Where the fuel component of revenues is based on a pre-determined fuel cost (fixed fuel factor), the fuel factor remains in effect until changed as part of a general rate case, fuel reconciliation, or fixed fuel factor filing. The capital costs are based on System Energy’s common equity funds allocable to its net investment in Grand Gulf, plus System Energy’s effective interest cost for its debt allocable to its investment in Grand Gulf.

Taxes Imposed on Revenue-Producing Transactions

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

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Notes to Financial Statements

of default on its accounts receivables. The following table sets forth a reconciliation of changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023.

The allowance is calculated as the historical rate of customer write-offs multiplied by the current accounts receivable balance, taking into account the length of time the receivable balances have been outstanding.

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Item 1. Business

RISK FACTORS SUMMARY

Entergy’s business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that could affect its ability to successfully implement its business strategy and affect its financial results. Carefully consider all of the information in this report and, in particular, the following principal risks and all of the other specific factors described in Part I, Item 1A of this report, “Risk Factors,” before deciding whether to invest in Entergy or the Registrant Subsidiaries.

Utility Regulatory Risks

•The terms and conditions of service, including electric rates, of the Registrant Subsidiaries are determined through regulatory approval proceedings that can be lengthy and subject to appeal, potentially resulting in lengthy litigation and uncertainty as to ultimate results.

•Entergy’s business could experience adverse effects related to changes to state or federal legislation or regulation, including increased tariffs, as well as changes to governmental policies and programs, including tax credits, loans, grants, guarantees, and other subsidies, or experience risks associated with participation in the MISO markets and allocation of transmission upgrade costs.

•The Utility operating companies recover fuel, purchased power, and associated costs through rate mechanisms that are subject to risks of delay or disallowance in regulatory proceedings.

•A delay or failure in recovering amounts for storm restoration costs incurred as a result of severe weather could have material effects on Entergy and its Utility operating companies affected by severe weather.

•Weather, economic conditions, technological developments, and other factors may have a material impact on electricity usage and otherwise materially affect the Utility operating companies’ results of operations.

Nuclear Operating, Shutdown, and Regulatory Risks

•The results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity of Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy could be materially affected by the following:

◦inability to consistently operate their nuclear power plants at high capacity factors;

◦refueling outages that last materially longer than anticipated or unplanned outages;

◦risks related to the purchase of uranium fuel (and its conversion, enrichment, and fabrication);

◦the risk that the NRC will change or modify its regulations, suspend or revoke their licenses, or increase oversight of their nuclear plants;

◦risks and costs related to operating and maintaining their nuclear power plants;

◦the costs associated with the storage of the spent nuclear fuel, as well as the costs of and their ability to fully decommission their nuclear power plants;

◦the potential requirement to pay substantial retrospective premiums and/or assessments imposed under the Price-Anderson Act and/or by Nuclear Electric Insurance Limited (NEIL) in the event of a nuclear incident, and losses not covered by insurance;

◦the risk that the decommissioning trust fund assets may not be adequate to meet decommissioning obligations if market performance and other changes decrease the value of assets in the decommissioning trusts and/or actual decommissioning costs are higher than estimated; and

◦new or existing safety concerns regarding operating nuclear power plants and nuclear fuel.

Business Risks

•Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries depend on access to the capital markets and, at times, may face potential liquidity constraints.  Disruptions in the capital and credit markets or a downgrade in Entergy’s or its Registrant Subsidiaries’ credit ratings could, among other things, adversely affect their ability to meet liquidity needs, or to access capital to operate and grow their businesses, and the cost of capital.

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•The reputation of Entergy or its Registrant Subsidiaries may be materially adversely affected by negative publicity or the inability to meet their stated goals, among other potential causes.

•Changes in tax legislation and taxation as well as the inherent difficulty in quantifying potential tax effects of business decisions could negatively impact Entergy’s and the Registrant Subsidiaries’ results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.

•

•The success of certain Utility operating companies’ investments in new generation and transmission assets to support large-scale data centers depends on a limited number of such customers, the continued demand for electricity to power data centers and the successful completion of the associated generation and transmission projects. Any reduction in the demand for electricity to power data centers or delays or unexpected costs associated with such projects may harm the growth prospects, future operating results and financial condition of Entergy and these Utility operating companies.

•Entergy may not be able to attract, retain, and manage an appropriately staffed and qualified workforce, which could negatively affect Entergy or its subsidiaries’ results of operations.

•Entergy and its subsidiaries, including the Utility operating companies and System Energy, may incur substantial costs (i) to fulfill their obligations related to environmental and other matters or (ii) related to reliability standards.

•Entergy could be negatively affected by the effects of climate change, including physical risks, such as increased frequency and intensity of hurricanes, availability of water, droughts, and other severe weather and wildfires, and transition risks, such as environmental and regulatory obligations intended to combat the effects of climate change, including by compelling greenhouse gas emission reductions or reporting, or increasing clean or renewable energy requirements, or placing a price on greenhouse gas emissions.

•Market performance, interest rate changes, and other changes may decrease the value of employee benefit plan assets, which then could require additional funding of such benefit plans and result in increased benefit plan costs.

•The litigation environment in the states in which the Registrant Subsidiaries operate poses a significant risk to those businesses.

•Terrorist attacks and sabotage, physical attacks, cyber attacks, system failures, data breaches or other disruptions of Entergy’s and its subsidiaries’ or their suppliers’ physical infrastructure or technology systems may adversely affect Entergy’s business and results of operations.

•Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries are subject to risks associated with their ability to obtain adequate insurance at acceptable costs.

•Significant increases in commodity prices, other materials and supplies, and operation and maintenance expenses may adversely affect Entergy’s results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.

•System Energy owns and, through an affiliate, operates a single nuclear generating facility, and it is dependent on sales to affiliated companies for all of its revenues.

•As a holding company, Entergy Corporation depends on cash distributions from its subsidiaries to meet its debt service and other financial obligations and to pay dividends on its common stock, and has provided, and may continue to provide, capital contributions or debt financing to its subsidiaries, which would reduce the funds available to meet its other financial obligations.

•The hazardous activities associated with power generation and delivery could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.

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ENTERGY’S BUSINESS

Entergy is an integrated energy company engaged primarily in electric power production and energy delivery to retail customers. Entergy owns and operates power plants with approximately 25,000 MW of electric generating capacity. Entergy delivers electricity to approximately 3.1 million Utility customers in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. Entergy had annual revenues of $12.9 billion in 2025 and had approximately 12,000 employees as of December 31, 2025.

Entergy operates primarily through a single reportable segment, Utility. Louisiana operations, including New Orleans, operated small natural gas distribution businesses through June 30, 2025. See “Dispositions - Natural Gas Distribution Businesses” in Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025. See Note 13 to the financial statements for discussion of and financial information regarding Entergy’s reportable segment.

Strategy

Entergy’s strategy is to operate and grow its utility business designed to understand and meet customer needs, creating value for all of its key stakeholders, including customers, communities, employees, and owners. Entergy is focused on keeping costs for customers as low as possible while providing reliable energy that communities count on. Entergy invests significant capital to support customer growth as well as reliability and resilience. Entergy is also investing in clean energy to meet customer demands.

Utility

The Utility segment includes five retail electric utility subsidiaries: Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Texas. These companies generate, transmit, distribute, and sell electric power to retail and wholesale customers in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. Prior to the sale of the Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025, Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans also provided natural gas utility services to customers in and around Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and New Orleans, Louisiana, respectively. See “Dispositions - Natural Gas Distribution Businesses” in Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of the Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025. Also included in the Utility is System Energy, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Entergy Corporation that owns or leases 90 percent of Grand Gulf. The five retail utility subsidiaries are each regulated by the FERC and by state utility commissions, or, in the case of Entergy New Orleans, the City Council. System Energy is regulated by the FERC because all of its transactions are at wholesale. The Utility has a diverse power generation portfolio including nuclear, hydroelectric, solar, and highly efficient natural gas.

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Customers

As of December 31, 2025, the Utility operating companies provided retail electric service to customers in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, as follows:

Prior to the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025, Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana provided both retail electric and gas service to customers. See “Dispositions - Natural Gas Distribution Businesses” in Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses.

Electric and Natural Gas Energy Sales

Electric Energy Sales

The total electric energy sales of the Utility operating companies are subject to seasonal fluctuations, with the peak sales period normally occurring during the third quarter of each year. On July 22, 2025, Entergy reached a 2025 peak demand of 23,624 MWh, compared to the 2024 peak of 22,697 MWh recorded on August 6, 2024. Selected electric energy sales data for 2025 is shown in the table below:

(a)Includes the effect of intercompany eliminations.

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The following table illustrates the Utility operating companies’ 2025 combined electric sales volume as a percentage of total electric sales volume, and 2025 combined electric revenues as a percentage of total 2025 electric revenue, each by customer class.

(a)Major industrial customers are primarily in the petroleum refining and chemical industries.

Natural Gas Energy Sales

Prior to the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses on July 1, 2025, Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana provided both electric power and natural gas to retail customers. See “Dispositions - Natural Gas Distribution Businesses” in Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans and Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution businesses.

Retail Rate Regulation

General (Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, System Energy)

Each Utility operating company regularly participates in retail rate proceedings. The status of material retail rate proceedings is described in Note 2 to the financial statements. Certain aspects of the Utility operating companies and System Energy’s retail rate mechanisms are discussed below.

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(a)Based on 2026 test year.

(b)Based on $2.2 billion in accumulated deferred income taxes at a 0% cost rate included in the weighted-average cost of capital calculation.

(c)Based on December 31, 2024 test year and excludes approximately $200 million of transmission plant investment included in the transmission recovery mechanism and approximately $400 million of distribution plant investment included in the distribution recovery mechanism, as well as approximately $400 million of transmission and distribution plant investment included in the resilience plan cost recovery rider.

(d)Based on 2025 forward test year.

(e)Based on December 31, 2024 test year and known and measurables through December 31, 2025.

(f)In October 2023 the City Council approved a three-year extension of Entergy New Orleans’s formula rate plan, modified to reflect a 55% equity ratio for rate setting purposes.

(g)Based on December 31, 2021 test year and excludes $0.9 billion in cost recovery riders.

(h)Based on calculation as of December 31, 2025 for Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and Entergy New Orleans. Effective July 2022, Entergy Mississippi’s bills from System Energy reflect a rate base reduction for the advance collection of sale-leaseback rental costs, resulting in a calculation of $1.78 billion as of December 31, 2025.

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Entergy Arkansas

Formula Rate Plan

Between base rate cases, Entergy Arkansas is able to adjust base rates annually, subject to certain caps, through formula rate plans that utilize a forward test year. Entergy Arkansas is subject to a maximum rate change of 4% of the filing year total retail revenue. In addition, Entergy Arkansas is subject to a true-up of projection to actuals netted with future projection.

Fuel and Purchased Power Cost Recovery

Entergy Arkansas’s rate schedules include an energy cost recovery rider to recover fuel and purchased power costs in monthly bills. The rider utilizes prior calendar year energy costs and projected energy sales for the twelve-month period commencing on April 1 of each year to develop an energy cost rate, which is redetermined annually and includes a true-up adjustment reflecting the over-recovery or under-recovery, including carrying charges, of the energy cost for the prior calendar year. The energy cost recovery rider tariff also allows an interim rate request depending upon the level of over- or under-recovery of fuel and purchased energy costs. In December 2007 the APSC issued an order stating that Entergy Arkansas’s energy cost recovery rider will remain in effect, and any future termination of the rider would be subject to eighteen months advance notice by the APSC, which would occur following notice and hearing.

Production Cost Allocation Rider

Entergy Arkansas has in place an APSC-approved production cost allocation rider for recovery from customers of the retail portion of the costs allocated to Entergy Arkansas as a result of System Agreement proceedings.

Generating Arkansas Jobs Act of 2025

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Other

In June 2022 the APSC approved Entergy Arkansas’s compliance tariff filing for a proposed green tariff designed to help participating customers meet their renewable and sustainability goals and to enhance economic development efforts in Arkansas.

In June 2023 the APSC approved Entergy Arkansas’s Go ZERO tariff, which provides participating industrial and commercial customers the opportunity to choose from a number of clean energy options to help them achieve their sustainability goals. The APSC has approved offerings of 240 MW to be made available under this tariff.

Entergy Louisiana

Formula Rate Plan

Entergy Louisiana historically sets electric base rates annually through a formula rate plan using a historic test year. The form of the formula rate plan, on a combined basis, was approved in connection with the business combination of Entergy Louisiana and Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and largely followed the formula rate plans that were approved by the LPSC in connection with the full electric base rate cases filed by those companies in February 2013. In 2021 the LPSC approved a settlement extending the formula rate plan for test years 2020, 2021, and 2022. Certain modifications were made in that extension, including a decrease to the allowed return on equity, narrowing of the earnings “dead band” around the mid-point allowed return on equity, elimination of sharing above and below the earnings “dead band,” and the addition of a distribution cost recovery mechanism. The formula rate plan continues to include exceptions from the rate cap and sharing requirements for certain large capital investment projects, including acquisition or construction of generating facilities and purchase power agreements approved by the LPSC, certain transmission investments, and certain distribution investments, among other items. In August 2024 the LPSC approved a settlement further extending the formula rate plan for test years 2023, 2024, and 2025. Certain modifications were made in that extension, including expansion of the tax adjustment mechanism (formerly the tax reform adjustment mechanism), a more streamlined and defined process for resolving formula rate plan test years, a narrowed “earnings” dead band, removal of certain legacy provisions that pre-dated the business combination, and the addition of a dedicated cost recovery mechanism for renewable resources.

Fuel and Purchased Power Cost Recovery

Entergy Louisiana’s rate schedules include a fuel adjustment clause designed to recover the cost of fuel and purchased power costs. The fuel adjustment clause contains a surcharge or credit for deferred fuel expense and related carrying charges arising from the monthly reconciliation of actual fuel costs incurred with fuel cost revenues billed to customers, including carrying charges. See Note 2 to the financial statements for a discussion of proceedings related to audits of Entergy Louisiana’s fuel adjustment clause filings.

To help stabilize electricity costs, Entergy Louisiana received approval from the LPSC to hedge its exposure to natural gas price volatility through the use of financial instruments. Entergy Louisiana historically hedged approximately one-third of the projected exposure to natural gas price changes for the gas used to serve its native electric load for all months of the year. The hedge quantity was reviewed on an annual basis. In November 2018, Entergy Louisiana received approval from the LPSC to suspend these seasonal hedging programs and implement financial hedges with terms up to five years for a portion of its natural gas exposure. In May 2024, following the conclusion of its five-year hedging program, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC for a permanent hedging program. The permanent gas hedging program would also utilize financial hedges for a portion of Entergy Louisiana’s non-industrial natural gas exposure. In February 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed a motion to suspend the procedural schedule to allow for the parties to discuss settlement. The motion was granted. The parties remain engaged in settlement discussions with a status conference scheduled in March 2026.

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Storm Cost Recovery

See Note 2 to the financial statements for a discussion of Entergy Louisiana’s filings to recover storm-related costs.

In March 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed an application asking that the LPSC issue an order establishing a presumption, in future proceedings involving Entergy Louisiana’s petition for a financing order allowing securitization of storm costs, that the LPSC will enter a decision on the request for a financing order within 120 days from the date of the filing of the petition, while preserving the LPSC’s jurisdiction to complete its full prudence review. The filing was rejected on procedural grounds. In June 2025 the LPSC approved a directive providing, among other things, that any utility seeking securitization for storm costs in 2025 must file a proposed financing order with its application and that the LPSC staff must use best efforts to deliver the financing order to the LPSC for consideration at the next available Business and Executive meeting after the application is filed.

Other

In March 2016 the LPSC opened two dockets to examine, on a generic basis, issues that it identified in connection with its review of Cleco Corporation’s acquisition by third party investors. The first docket is captioned “In re: Investigation of double leveraging issues for all LPSC-jurisdictional utilities,” and the second is captioned “In re: Investigation of tax structure issues for all LPSC-jurisdictional utilities.” In April 2016 the LPSC clarified that the concerns giving rise to the two dockets arose as a result of its review of the structure of the Cleco-Macquarie transaction and that the specific intent of the directives is to seek more information regarding intra-corporate debt financing of a utility’s capital structure as well as the use of investment tax credits to mitigate the tax obligation at the parent level of a consolidated entity. No schedule has been set for either docket, and limited discovery has occurred.

In September 2019 the LPSC issued an order modifying its rule regarding net metering installations. Among other things, the rule provides for 2-channel billing for net metering with excess energy put to the grid being compensated at the utility’s avoided cost. However, the rule does provide that net meter installations in place as of December 31, 2019 will be subject to 1:1 net metering with excess energy put to the grid being compensated at the full retail rate for a period of 15 years (through December 31, 2034), after which those installations will be subject to 2-channel billing. The rule also eliminates the existing limit on the cumulative number of net meter installations.

In 2023, Entergy Louisiana made a filing to seek approval from the LPSC for an alternative to the requests for proposals (RFP) process that would enable the acquisition of up to 3 GW of solar resources on a faster timeline than the then-current RFP and certification processes could allow. The initial phase of the filing established the need for the acquisition of additional resources and the need for an alternative to the RFP process. In addition to the acquisition of up to 3 GW of solar resources, the filing also sought approval of a new renewable energy credits-based tariff, the Geaux ZERO rider. In June 2024 the LPSC issued an order approving the application. In August 2025 the LPSC issued an order accepting a settlement in a proceeding addressing Entergy Louisiana’s request for certification of generation and transmission resources in connection with extending service to a data center customer in north Louisiana. The settlement provides for Entergy Louisiana, within six months of the order accepting the settlement, to make a filing with the LPSC seeking to modify its expedited procurement process to include additional clean resource types (including onshore wind) and additional changes (including modifications to the breakeven parameters established in connection with the order approving the alternative competitive procurement process). The settlement does not purport to impose any obligation upon the LPSC to act on the required filing, and all parties reserve their rights with respect to such filing.

In May 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed an application seeking authorization to implement, over a five-year period, a suite of proposed demand response (DR) offerings and a new tariff (Schedule DRP) providing customer

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incentive levels to participate in such programs. The proposed programs consist of: (1) for residential customers, smart thermostat DR, battery energy storage DR, and an electric vehicle behavioral charging offering; (2) for agricultural customers, an Agricultural Irrigation Load Control program; and (3) for commercial and industrial customers, an aggregated capacity DR offering. Entergy Louisiana anticipates registering certain of the DR resources with MISO and further estimates that the total costs of implementing the programs over the full, five-year period from 2026 through 2030 will be up to approximately $81 million. In January 2026, Entergy Louisiana filed an unopposed motion to suspend the procedural schedule in this proceeding to allow the parties to engage in settlement negotiations, and the ALJ granted the motion and suspended the procedural schedule. In February 2026, Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff filed a joint motion seeking approval of an uncontested stipulated settlement agreement supporting approval of the propose DR programs subject to various terms. The proposed stipulated settlement agreement will be considered by the ALJ in first quarter 2026.

Entergy Mississippi

Formula Rate Plan

Since the conclusion in 2015 of Entergy Mississippi’s most recent base rate case, Entergy Mississippi has set electric base rates annually through a formula rate plan. Between base rate cases, Entergy Mississippi is able to adjust base rates annually, subject to certain caps, through formula rate plans that utilize forward-looking features. In addition, Entergy Mississippi is subject to an annual “look-back” evaluation. Entergy Mississippi is allowed a maximum rate increase of 4% of each test year’s retail revenue. Any increase above 4% requires a base rate case. If Entergy Mississippi’s formula rate plan were terminated without replacement, it would revert to the more traditional rate case environment or seek approval of a new formula rate plan.

In August 2012 the MPSC opened inquiries to review whether the then-current formulaic methodology used to calculate the return on common equity in both Entergy Mississippi’s formula rate plan and Mississippi Power Company’s annual formula rate plan was still appropriate or could be improved to better serve the public interest. The intent of this inquiry and review was for informational purposes only; the evaluation of any recommendations for changes to the existing methodology would take place in a general rate case or in the existing formula rate plan proceeding. In March 2013 the Mississippi Public Utilities Staff filed its consultant’s report which noted the return on common equity estimation methods used by Entergy Mississippi and Mississippi Power Company are commonly used throughout the electric utility industry. In June 2014 the MPSC expanded the scope of the August 2012 inquiry to study the merits of adopting a uniform formula rate plan that could be applied, where possible in whole or in part, to both Entergy Mississippi and Mississippi Power Company in order to achieve greater consistency in the plans. The MPSC directed the Mississippi Public Utilities Staff to investigate and review Entergy Mississippi’s formula rate plan rider schedule and Mississippi Power Company’s Performance Evaluation Plan by considering the merits and deficiencies and possibilities for improvement of each and then to propose a uniform formula rate plan that, where possible, could be applicable to both companies. No procedural schedule has been set. In October 2014 the Mississippi Public Utilities Staff conducted a public technical conference to discuss performance benchmarking and its potential application to the electric utilities’ formula rate plans. The docket remains open.

In December 2019 the MPSC approved Entergy Mississippi’s proposed revisions to its formula rate plan to provide for a mechanism in the formula rate plan, the interim capacity rate adjustment mechanism, to recover the non-fuel related costs of additional owned capacity acquired by Entergy Mississippi as well as to allow similar cost recovery treatment for other capacity acquisitions that are approved by the MPSC. The MPSC must approve recovery through the interim capacity rate adjustment for each new resource. In addition, the MPSC approved revisions to the formula rate plan which allows Entergy Mississippi to begin billing rate adjustments effective April 1 of the filing year on a temporary basis subject to refund or credit to customers, subject to final MPSC order. The MPSC also authorized Entergy Mississippi to remove vegetation management costs from the formula rate plan and

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recover these costs through the establishment of a vegetation management rider, which was superseded in June 2024 with the approval of the storm damage mitigation and restoration rider.

In November 2020 the MPSC approved Entergy Mississippi’s revisions to its formula rate plan providing for the realignment of energy efficiency costs to its formula rate plan, the deferral of energy efficiency expenditures into a regulatory asset, and the elimination of its energy efficiency cost recovery rider effective with the January 2022 billing cycle.

In June 2023 the MPSC approved Entergy Mississippi’s revisions to its formula rate plan to realign the recovery of certain long-term service agreement and conductor handling costs to the annual power management and grid modernization riders effective January 2023.

In May 2024 the MPSC approved Entergy Mississippi’s revisions to its formula rate plan to comply with state legislation passed in January 2024 allowing Entergy Mississippi to make interim rate adjustments to recover the non-fuel related annual ownership cost of certain facilities that directly or indirectly provide service to customers who own certain data processing center projects as specified in the legislation.

Fuel and Purchased Power Cost Recovery

Entergy Mississippi’s rate schedules include energy cost recovery riders to recover fuel and purchased power costs. The energy cost rate for each calendar year is redetermined annually and includes a true-up adjustment reflecting the over-recovery or under-recovery of the energy costs as of the 12-month period ended September 30. Entergy Mississippi’s fuel cost recoveries are subject to annual audits conducted pursuant to the authority of the MPSC. The energy cost recovery riders allow interim rate adjustments depending on the level of over- or under-recovery of fuel and purchased energy costs.

To help stabilize electricity costs, Entergy Mississippi received approval from the MPSC to hedge its exposure to natural gas price volatility through the use of financial instruments. Entergy Mississippi hedges approximately one-third of the projected exposure to natural gas price changes for the gas used to serve its native electric load for all months of the year. The hedge quantity is reviewed on an annual basis.

Storm Cost Recovery

See Note 2 to the financial statements for a discussion of proceedings regarding recovery of Entergy Mississippi’s storm-related costs.

Other

In October 2022 the MPSC adopted the Distributed Generation Rule. The Distributed Generation Rule maintains the 3% net metering participation cap. The Distributed Generation Rule grandfathers a 2.5 cents per kWh distributed generation benefits adder for 25 years and expands eligibility for the 2 cents per kWh low-income benefits adder to households up to 225% of the federal poverty level and grandfathers that adder for 25 years. The Distributed Generation Rule also directs utilities to make rate filings implementing up-front incentives for distributed generating systems and demand response battery systems, and to establish a public K-12 solar for schools program. In August 2023 the MPSC approved Entergy Mississippi’s proposed solar for schools rate schedule under the Distributed Generation Rule. In June 2025 the MPSC initiated a rulemaking proceeding in which it sought to amend the Distributed Generation Rule, in part, to delete the solar for schools program. The MPSC subsequently issued an order staying the program pending the outcome of the rulemaking docket. Entergy Mississippi and twelve other intervenors submitted public comments in the docket. There has been no further action to date.

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In December 2022 the MPSC approved Entergy Mississippi’s RenewABLE Community Option (Schedule RCO), an offering for qualifying non-residential customers to subscribe to renewable resource capacity to satisfy their environmental, sustainability, and governance goals. Registration for the Schedule RCO launched in May 2023.

Entergy New Orleans

Formula Rate Plan

As part of its determination of rates in the base rate case filed by Entergy New Orleans in 2018, in November 2019, the City Council issued a resolution resolving the rate case, with rates to become effective retroactive to August 2019. The resolution allows Entergy New Orleans to implement a three-year formula rate plan, beginning with the 2019 test year as adjusted for forward-looking known and measurable changes, with the filing for the first test year to be made in 2020. In October 2020 the City Council approved an agreement in principle filed by Entergy New Orleans that results in Entergy New Orleans forgoing its 2020 formula rate plan filing and shifting the three-year formula rate plan to filings in 2021, 2022, and 2023. In September 2023, Entergy New Orleans filed a motion seeking City Council approval of a three-year extension of Entergy New Orleans’s electric and gas formula rate plans, for filings in 2024, 2025, and 2026. In October 2023 the City Council granted Entergy New Orleans’s request for an extension, subject to minor modifications.

Fuel and Purchased Power Cost Recovery

Storm Cost Recovery

In January 2025, Entergy New Orleans filed an application with the City Council requesting the establishment of a standard procedural timeline for consideration of future applications by Entergy New Orleans that seek securitization financing of storm restoration costs, including replenishment of storm recovery reserves, in furtherance of the goals of promoting efficiency of restoration and helping mitigate customer exposure to carrying costs following expenditures for future storm restoration. To support this objective, Entergy New Orleans proposed a procedural schedule that would allow for the issuance of a financing order no later than four months or 120 days from the date that Entergy New Orleans files any future applications seeking securitization financing of storm restoration costs, including storm recovery reserves, with the City Council.  Entergy New Orleans also requested that the City Council approve an amendment to the storm recovery reserve escrow agreement to increase flexibility in the timing of certain disbursements of escrow funds to prepare for anticipated storms.

Other

In May 2021 the City Council established the Renewable and Clean Portfolio Standard. The four components implemented were: (1) a mandatory requirement that Entergy New Orleans achieve 100% net zero carbon emissions by 2040; (2) reliance on renewable energy credits purchased without the associated energy for compliance with the standard being phased out over the ten-year period from 2040 to 2050; (3) no carbon-emitting resources in the portfolio of resources Entergy New Orleans uses to serve New Orleans by 2050; and (4) a mechanism to limit costs in any one plan year to no more than one percent of plan year total utility retail sales

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revenues. In addition, there is an alternative compliance payment value per MWh, which is established with each annual compliance plan submittal. Entergy New Orleans will pay this if it is unable to comply with the Renewable and Clean Portfolio Standard.

Entergy Texas

Base Rates

The base rates of Entergy Texas are established largely in traditional base rate case proceedings. Between base rate proceedings, Entergy Texas has available rate riders to recover the revenue requirements associated with certain incremental costs. Entergy Texas is required to file full base rate case proceedings every four years and within eighteen months of utilizing its generation cost recovery rider for investments above $200 million.

Fuel and Purchased Power Cost Recovery

Entergy Texas’s rate schedules include a fixed fuel factor to recover fuel and purchased power costs, including interest, that are not included in base rates. Historically, semi-annual revisions of the fixed fuel factor have been made in March and September based on the market price of natural gas and changes in fuel mix. The amounts collected under Entergy Texas’s fixed fuel factor and any interim surcharge or refund are subject to fuel reconciliation proceedings before the PUCT. In the course of this reconciliation, the PUCT determines whether eligible fuel and fuel-related expenses and revenues are necessary and reasonable and makes a prudence finding for each of the fuel-related contracts entered into during the reconciliation period. In July 2025 the PUCT initiated a rulemaking to effectuate the new legislation. In December 2025 the PUCT adopted amendments to its fuel rules that maintain a periodic revision to utility fuel factors coupled with accelerated processing of surcharges and refunds to address material over- and under-recovered amounts.

At the PUCT’s April 2013 open meeting, the PUCT Commissioners discussed their view that a purchased power capacity rider was good public policy. The PUCT issued an order in May 2013 adopting the rule allowing for a purchased power capacity rider, subject to an offsetting adjustment for load growth. The rule, as adopted, also includes a process for obtaining pre-approval by the PUCT of purchased power agreements to be recovered through a purchased power capacity rider. No Texas utility, including Entergy Texas, has exercised the option to recover capacity costs under the rider mechanism, but Entergy Texas will continue to evaluate the benefits of utilizing the rider to recover future capacity costs. In 2023 the Texas legislature modified the Texas Utilities Code to permit a utility to seek pre-approval from the PUCT for a purchased power agreement of three years or more if such approval is a precondition to the effectiveness of such agreements, regardless of whether the utility intends to recover costs associated with the purchased power agreement through a purchased power capacity rider. In June 2025 the Texas legislature modified the Texas Utilities Code to establish a capacity cost recovery rider mechanism that would allow for the recovery of costs related to the procurement of capacity through MISO’s annual planning resource auction outside of base rates through a rider that is updated annually.

Transmission, Distribution, and Generation Cost Recovery

As discussed above, Entergy Texas has available rate riders to recover the revenue requirements associated with certain incremental costs. These riders include a transmission cost recovery factor rider mechanism for the recovery of transmission-related capital investments, a distribution cost recovery factor rider mechanism for the recovery of distribution-related capital investment, and a generation cost recovery rider mechanism for the recovery of generation-related capital investments.

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In June 2009 a law was enacted in Texas containing provisions that allow Entergy Texas to take advantage of a cost recovery mechanism that permits annual filings for the recovery of reasonable and necessary expenditures for transmission infrastructure improvement and changes in wholesale transmission charges. This mechanism was previously available to other non-ERCOT Texas utility companies, but not to Entergy Texas.

In September 2011 the PUCT adopted a proposed rule implementing a distribution cost recovery factor to recover capital and capital-related costs related to distribution infrastructure. The distribution cost recovery factor permitted utilities once per year to implement an increase or decrease in rates above or below amounts reflected in base rates to reflect distribution-related depreciation expense, federal income tax and other taxes, and return on investment.

In September 2019 the PUCT initiated a rulemaking to promulgate a generation cost recovery rider rule, implementing legislation passed in the 2019 Texas legislative session intended to allow electric utilities to recover generation investments between base rate proceedings. The PUCT approved the final rule in July 2020.

Other

In January 2022, Entergy Texas filed an application requesting approval to implement two voluntary renewable option tariffs, Rider Small Volume Renewable Option (Rider SVRO) and Rider Large Volume Renewable Option (Rider LVRO). Both tariffs are voluntary offerings that give customers the ability to match some or all of their monthly electricity usage with renewable energy credits that are purchased by Entergy Texas and retired on the customer’s behalf. Voluntary participation in either Rider SVRO or Rider LVRO and the charges assessed under the respective tariff would be in addition to the charges paid by customers under their otherwise applicable rate schedules and riders. In April 2022, Entergy Texas filed on behalf of the parties an unopposed settlement agreement supporting approval of Entergy Texas’s proposed voluntary renewable option tariffs. As part of the settlement agreement, Entergy Texas agreed to revise the cost allocation between the rate tiers of Rider SVRO and committed to collaborating with and considering the input of customers to develop an asset-backed green tariff program. The PUCT approved the settlement agreement in August 2022.

As part of its rate case application filed with the PUCT in July 2022, Entergy Texas requested approval of Schedule Green Future Option (Schedule GFO), an asset-backed green tariff that would allow Entergy Texas’s customers to voluntarily subscribe to a portion of the underlying solar facility’s capacity in exchange for energy credits. In August 2023 the PUCT approved an unopposed settlement in the proceeding that included approval of Schedule GFO.

Electric Industry Restructuring

In June 2009 a law was enacted in Texas that required Entergy Texas to cease all activities relating to Entergy Texas’s transition to competition. The law allows Entergy Texas to remain a part of the SERC Reliability Corporation (SERC) Region, although it does not prevent Entergy Texas from joining another power region. The law provides that proceedings to certify a power region that Entergy Texas belongs to as a qualified power region can be initiated by the PUCT, or on motion by another party, when the conditions supporting such a proceeding exist. Under the law, the PUCT may not approve a transition to competition plan for Entergy Texas until the expiration of four years from the PUCT’s certification of a qualified power region for Entergy Texas.

The law further amended already existing law that had required Entergy Texas to propose for PUCT approval a tariff to allow eligible customers the ability to contract for competitive generation. The amending language in the law provides, among other things, that: (1) the tariff shall not be implemented in a manner that harms the sustainability or competitiveness of manufacturers who choose not to participate in the tariff; (2) Entergy Texas shall “purchase competitive generation service, selected by the customer, and provide the generation at retail

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to the customer;” and (3) Entergy Texas shall provide and price transmission service and ancillary services under that tariff at a rate that is unbundled from its cost of service. The law directs that the PUCT may not issue an order on the tariff that is contrary to an applicable decision, rule, or policy statement of a federal regulatory agency having jurisdiction. The amount of customer load that may be included in the competitive generation service program is limited to 115 MW.

System Energy

Cost of Service

The rates of System Energy are established by the FERC, and the costs allowed to be charged pursuant to these rates are, in turn, passed through to the participating Utility operating companies through the Unit Power Sales Agreement, which has monthly billings that reflect the current operating costs of, and investment in, Grand Gulf.

Franchises

Entergy Arkansas holds exclusive franchises to provide electric service in approximately 308 incorporated cities and towns in Arkansas. These franchises generally are unlimited in duration and continue unless the municipalities purchase the utility property. In Arkansas, franchises are considered to be contracts and, therefore, are governed pursuant to the terms of the franchise agreement and applicable statutes.

Entergy Louisiana holds non-exclusive franchises to provide electric service in approximately 175 incorporated municipalities and in the unincorporated areas of approximately 59 parishes of Louisiana. Municipal franchise agreement terms range from 25 to 60 years while parish franchise terms range from 15 to 99 years.

Entergy Mississippi has received from the MPSC certificates of public convenience and necessity to provide electric service to areas within 45 counties, including a number of municipalities, in western Mississippi. Under Mississippi statutory law, such certificates are exclusive. Entergy Mississippi may continue to serve in such municipalities upon payment of a statutory franchise fee, regardless of whether an original municipal franchise is still in existence.

These ordinances contain a continuing option for the City of New Orleans to purchase Entergy New Orleans’s electric utility properties.

Entergy Texas typically obtains 25-year franchise agreements as existing agreements expire. Entergy Texas’s electric franchises expire over the period 2026-2058.

The business of System Energy is limited to wholesale power sales. It has no distribution franchises.

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Property and Other Generation Resources

Owned Generating Stations

The total capability of the generating stations owned and leased by the Utility operating companies and System Energy as of December 31, 2025 is indicated below:

(a)“Owned and Leased Capability” is the dependable summer load carrying capability as demonstrated under actual operating conditions based on the primary fuel (assuming no curtailments) that each station was designed to utilize.

(b)Represents Simple Cycle Combustion Turbine units and Combined Cycle Gas Turbine units.

(c)The percentage of nuclear and renewable energy includes energy procured or produced for the benefit of certain customers through special tariffs, contracts, or renewable program subscriptions, and those customers retain the exclusive claims to all associated environmental attributes, renewable energy credits, and other relevant clean energy certifications.

Summer peak load for the Utility has averaged 22,168 MW over the previous decade.

The Utility operating companies’ load and capacity projections are reviewed periodically to assess the need and timing for additional generating capacity and interconnections. These reviews consider existing and projected demand, the availability and price of power, the location of new load, the economy, Entergy’s clean energy and other public policy goals, environmental regulations, and the age and condition of Entergy’s existing infrastructure.

The Utility operating companies’ long-term resource strategy (Portfolio Transformation Strategy) calls for the bulk of capacity needs to be met through long-term resources, whether owned or contracted. As MISO market participants, the Utility operating companies also participate in MISO’s Day Ahead and Real Time Energy and Ancillary Services markets to economically dispatch generation and purchase energy to serve customers reliably and at the lowest reasonable cost.

Other Generation Resources

RFP Procurements

The Utility operating companies from time-to-time issue requests for proposals (RFP) to procure supply-side resources from sources other than the spot market to meet the unique regional needs of the Utility operating companies. The RFPs issued by the Utility operating companies have sought resources needed to meet near-term MISO reliability requirements as well as long-term requirements through a broad range of wholesale power

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products, including long-term contractual products and asset acquisitions. The RFP process has resulted in selections or acquisitions, including, among other things:

•In June 2020, Entergy Arkansas signed an agreement for the purchase of an approximately 100 MW to-be-constructed solar photovoltaic energy facility, Walnut Bend Solar facility, located in Lee County, Arkansas. In July 2021 the APSC issued an order approving the acquisition of the Walnut Bend Solar facility. In February 2024, Entergy Arkansas acquired the facility. The Walnut Bend Solar facility commenced commercial operation in September 2024;

•In September 2020, Entergy Arkansas signed an agreement for the purchase of an approximately 180 MW to-be-constructed solar photovoltaic energy facility, West Memphis Solar facility, located in Crittenden County, Arkansas. In October 2021 the APSC issued an order approving the acquisition of the West Memphis Solar facility. In August 2024, Entergy Arkansas acquired the facility. The West Memphis Solar facility commenced commercial operation in December 2024;

•In December 2020, Entergy Texas selected the 1,158 MW self-build alternative, Orange County Advanced Power Station, out of the 2020 Entergy Texas combined cycle, gas turbine RFP. Regulatory approval was received in November 2022 and construction has commenced. The facility is expected to be in service by mid-2026;

•In August 2022, Entergy Arkansas signed an agreement for the purchase of an approximately 250 MW to-be-constructed solar photovoltaic energy facility, Driver Solar facility, located near Osceola, Arkansas. Also in August 2022, Entergy Arkansas received regulatory approval from the APSC for acquisition of the Driver Solar facility. In August 2024, Entergy Arkansas acquired the facility. The Driver Solar facility commenced commercial operation in December 2024;

•Entergy Louisiana began construction on the 49 MW Sterlington solar project in December 2024, located in Sterlington, Louisiana. The facility achieved commercial operation in January 2026;

•In May 2023, Entergy Mississippi selected the 80 MW Delta Solar facility, to be located in Bolivar County, Mississippi, out of the 2022 Entergy Mississippi fall renewable RFP. Construction is in progress, and the facility is expected to achieve commercial operation by the end of 2027;

•In May 2023, Entergy Mississippi selected the 190 MW Penton Solar facility, to be located in DeSoto County, Mississippi, out of the 2022 Entergy Mississippi fall renewable RFP. Construction is in progress, and the facility is expected to achieve commercial operation by early 2028;

•In July 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC seeking regulatory certification of Bogalusa West Solar, a 200 MW single axis tracking solar photovoltaic power facility to be located in Washington Parish, Louisiana. The certification filing was accepted by the LPSC in October 2025 and approved in November 2025. The facility is expected to achieve commercial operation in September 2028;

•In December 2025, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC seeking regulatory certification of the Segno Solar and Votaw Solar facilities;

•In February 2026, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC for approval and certification to construct the Cypress Harvest Solar facility, a 200 MW solar facility to be located in Iberville Parish; and

•In February 2026, Entergy Louisiana filed an application seeking LPSC approval and certification to construct two 754 MW combined cycle combustion turbine generators, the Waterford 6 Power Station and the Westlake Power Station, to be located at Entergy Louisiana’s existing Waterford site near Killona, Louisiana, and existing Roy S. Nelson site in Westlake, Louisiana, respectively.

The RFP process has also resulted in the selection, or confirmation of the economic merits of, long-term purchased power agreements (PPAs), including, among others:

•River Bend’s 30% life-of-unit PPA between Entergy Louisiana and Entergy New Orleans for 100 MW related to Entergy Louisiana’s unregulated portion of the River Bend nuclear station, which portion was formerly owned by Cajun;

•Entergy Arkansas’s wholesale base load capacity life-of-unit PPAs executed in 2003 totaling approximately 220 MW between Entergy Arkansas and Entergy Louisiana (110 MW) and between Entergy Arkansas and

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Entergy New Orleans (110 MW) related to the sale of a portion of Entergy Arkansas’s coal and nuclear base load resources (which had not been included in Entergy Arkansas’s retail rates);

•In September 2012, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and Rain CII Carbon LLC executed a 20-year agreement for 28 MW, with the potential to purchase an additional 9 MW when available, from a petroleum coke calcining facility in Sulphur, Louisiana. The facility began commercial operation in May 2013. Entergy Louisiana, as successor in interest to Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, now holds the agreement with the facility;

•In March 2013, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and Agrilectric Power Partners, LP executed a 20-year agreement for 8.5 MW from a refurbished rice hull-fueled electric generation facility located in Lake Charles, Louisiana. Entergy Louisiana, as successor in interest to Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, now holds the agreement with Agrilectric;

•Entergy Mississippi’s cost-based purchase, beginning in January 2013, of 90 MW from Entergy Arkansas’s share of Grand Gulf. Cost recovery for the 90 MW was approved by the MPSC in January 2013;

•In April 2015, Entergy Arkansas and Stuttgart Solar, LLC executed a 20-year agreement for 81 MW from a solar photovoltaic electric generation facility located near Stuttgart, Arkansas. The APSC approved the project and deliveries pursuant to that agreement commenced in June 2018;

•In November 2016, Entergy Louisiana and LS Power executed a 10-year agreement for 485 MW from the Carville Energy Center located in St. Gabriel, Louisiana. The PPA delivery term began in June 2022;

•In November 2016, Entergy Louisiana and Occidental Chemical Corporation executed a 10-year agreement for 500 MW from the Taft Cogeneration facility located in Hahnville, Louisiana. The transaction received regulatory approval and began in June 2018;

•In June 2017, Entergy Arkansas and Chicot Solar, LLC executed a 20-year agreement for 100 MW from a to-be-constructed solar photovoltaic electric generating facility located in Chicot County, Arkansas. The transaction received regulatory approval and the PPA began in November 2020;

•In February 2018, Entergy Louisiana and LA3 West Baton Rouge, LLC (Capital Region Solar project) executed a 20-year agreement for 50 MW from a to-be-constructed solar photovoltaic electric generating facility located in West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana. The transaction received regulatory approval in February 2019 and the PPA began in October 2020;

•In July 2018, Entergy New Orleans and St. James Solar, LLC executed a 20-year agreement for 20 MW from a to-be-constructed solar photovoltaic electric generating facility located in St. James Parish, Louisiana. The transaction received regulatory approval in July 2019 and the PPA began in February 2023 after the facility reached commercial operation in March 2023;

•In August 2018, Entergy Louisiana and South Alexander Development I, LLC executed a 5-year agreement for 5 MW from a solar photovoltaic electric generating facility located in Livingston Parish, Louisiana. The PPA began in December 2020 and received regulatory approval in January 2021;

•In February 2019, Entergy New Orleans and Iris Solar, LLC executed a 20-year agreement for 50 MW from a to-be-constructed solar photovoltaic electric generating facility located in Washington Parish, Louisiana. The transaction received regulatory approval in July 2019 and achieved commercial operation in November 2022;

•In August 2020, Entergy Texas and Umbriel Solar, LLC executed a 20-year agreement for 150 MW from a to-be-constructed solar photovoltaic electric generating facility located in Polk County, Texas. The facility achieved commercial operation in November 2023;

•In June 2021, Entergy Louisiana and Sunlight Road Solar, LLC executed a 20-year agreement for 50 MW from a to-be-constructed solar photovoltaic electric generating facility located in Washington Parish, Louisiana. The facility achieved commercial operation in November 2024 and the PPA delivery term began in December 2024;

•In October 2022, Entergy Mississippi and Wildwood Solar, LLC executed a 20-year PPA for approximately 100 MW from a to-be-constructed solar photovoltaic energy facility located in Tallahatchie County, Mississippi. In August 2023 the MPSC approved the PPA, and the facility achieved commercial operation in December 2025;

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•In October 2022, Entergy Mississippi and Greer Solar, LLC executed a 20-year PPA for approximately 170 MW from a to-be-constructed solar photovoltaic energy facility located in Washington County, Mississippi. In August 2023 the MPSC approved the PPA, and the facility is expected to reach commercial operation as early as December 2026;

•In October 2022, Entergy Arkansas and Flat Fork Solar, LLC executed a 20-year PPA for approximately 200 MW from a to-be-constructed solar photovoltaic energy facility located in St. Francis County, Arkansas. In September 2023 the APSC approved the PPA, and the facility achieved commercial operation in August 2025;

•In October 2022, Entergy Arkansas and Forgeview Solar, LLC executed a 15-year PPA for approximately 200 MW from a to-be-constructed solar photovoltaic energy facility located in Mississippi County, Arkansas. In September 2023 the APSC approved the PPA, and the facility achieved commercial operation in December 2025; and

•In October 2023, Entergy Louisiana and Mondu Solar, LLC executed a 20-year PPA for approximately 100 MW from a to-be-constructed solar photovoltaic energy facility located in Point Coupee Parish, Louisiana. In September 2024 the LPSC approved the PPA, and the facility is expected to reach commercial operation as early as June 2026.

In July 2021, Entergy Services, on behalf of Entergy Texas, issued RFPs for solar generation resources and in October 2022, for solar photovoltaic and wind resource. In July 2024, Entergy Texas filed an application with the PUCT seeking regulatory approval for the owned resources, the 141 MW Votaw Solar facility and the 170 MW Segno Solar facility. To support demand driven by robust industrial growth, in August 2025, Entergy Texas voluntarily withdrew its filing with the PUCT to narrow its focus to dispatchable generation.

During negotiations, a selected build-own-transfer resource, Big Island Solar, was converted to a PPA. In December 2025, Entergy Arkansas and Big Island Solar 1, LLC executed a 20-year PPA for approximately 440 MW from a to-be-constructed solar photovoltaic energy facility located in Mississippi County, Arkansas. In January 2026, Entergy Arkansas filed an application with the APSC seeking regulatory approval for the resource and requested a decision by July 2026. Subject to receipt of required regulatory approval and other conditions, the Big Island Solar facility is expected to be in service as early as July 2028.

In April 2024, Entergy Services, on behalf of Entergy Louisiana, issued an RFP for capacity and energy from existing generation resources. Entergy Louisiana selected a PPA resource in December 2024. During initial negotiations of the proposed PPA, the parties decided to amend the agreement for the Taft Cogeneration facility (discussed above) in lieu of entering into the proposed PPA. Entergy Louisiana expects to file an application with the LPSC in first quarter 2026 seeking regulatory approval to amend the agreement to extend the term by six years. Subject to receipt of required regulatory approval and other conditions, the extended delivery term of the amended agreement will commence immediately after the end of the existing term and will expire in May 2034.

In August 2024, Entergy Services, on behalf of Entergy Louisiana, issued the 3 GW Alternative Market-based Mechanism Process Solar RFP which solicits up to 3,000 MW of solar photovoltaic resources across four procurement windows. Entergy Louisiana selected a combination of PPA, build-own-transfer, and self-build alternative resources. In the first procurement window, as noted above, one of such resources (Bogalusa West) was certified by the LPSC in October 2025. Also in the first procurement window, Entergy Louisiana selected the Cypress Harvest Solar facility, a 200 MW solar facility to be located in Iberville Parish. In February 2026, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC for approval and certification and requested LPSC approval by April 2026. Negotiations of definitive agreements for the remaining resources are in progress. The RFP is expected to continue through 2026 with additional selections expected throughout the process at the conclusion of each procurement window, as applicable.

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In November 2024, Entergy Services, on behalf of Entergy Louisiana, issued a Combined Cycle Combustion Turbine capacity and energy resources RFP which solicits up to 2,000 MW of generation. Entergy Louisiana selected a combination of resources that included self-build alternatives in August 2025. In February 2026, Entergy Louisiana filed an application seeking LPSC approval and certification to construct two 754 MW combined cycle combustion turbine generators, the Waterford 6 Power Station and the Westlake Power Station, to be located at Entergy Louisiana’s existing Waterford site near Killona, Louisiana, and existing Roy S. Nelson site in Westlake, Louisiana, respectively.

In April 2025, Entergy Services, on behalf of Entergy Mississippi, issued a renewable RFP which solicited up to 250 MW of generation. Selections are under review.

In May 2025, Entergy Services, on behalf of Entergy Arkansas, issued a renewable and storage RFP which solicited up to 1,000 MW of generation. Entergy Arkansas selected a combination of PPA, build-own-transfer, and self-build alternative resources in November 2025. Negotiations of definitive agreements are in progress.

In May 2025, Entergy Services, on behalf of Entergy Arkansas, issued a combined cycle combustion turbine RFP which solicits up to 800 MW of generation. The RFP was updated in September 2025 to include provisions for carbon capture and storage capabilities. Selections are expected in March 2026.

In October 2025, Entergy Services, on behalf of Entergy Texas, issued notice of intent to issue a combined cycle combustion turbine RFP in January 2026. The RFP solicits 650 to 800 MW of generation from eligible developmental resources and/or up to 800 MW of generation from existing, gas-fired resources.

In November 2025, Entergy Services, on behalf of Entergy Louisiana, issued advanced notice to the LPSC of intent to issue an RFP soliciting up to 1,100 MW of battery energy storage resources. Draft documents were issued in December 2025.

Other Procurements From Third Parties

The Utility operating companies have also made resource acquisitions outside of the RFP process and have also entered various limited- and long-term contracts in recent years as a result of bilateral negotiations, including among others:

•In March 2016, Entergy Arkansas (Power Block 2), Entergy Louisiana (Power Blocks 3 and 4), and Entergy New Orleans (Power Block 1) completed their respective acquisitions of the 1,980 MW (summer rating), natural gas-fired, combined cycle gas turbine Union Power Station power blocks, each rated at 495 MW (summer rating). The facility is located near El Dorado, Arkansas and has been in operation since July 2003;

•In October 2019, Entergy Mississippi acquired the Choctaw Generating Station, an 810 MW combined cycle, natural gas-fired power plant. The facility is located in Choctaw County and has been in operation since July 2003;

•In November 2020, Entergy Louisiana acquired the Washington Parish Energy Center, a 361 MW natural gas-fired peaking power plant. The facility is located approximately 60 miles north of New Orleans on a site Entergy Louisiana purchased from Calpine in 2019. Calpine began construction on the plant in early 2019 and Entergy Louisiana purchased the plant upon completion in November 2020;

•In June 2021, Entergy Texas acquired the Hardin County Peaking Facility, an existing 147 MW simple cycle gas-fired peaking power plant in Kountze, Texas, previously owned by East Texas Electric Cooperative. The facility has been in operation since January 2010;

•In November 2021, Entergy Louisiana and Elizabeth Solar, LLC executed a 20-year PPA for approximately 125 MW from a to-be-constructed solar photovoltaic energy facility located in Allen Parish, Louisiana. In September 2022 the LPSC voted to approve this project and in September 2023, Entergy Louisiana reported

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to the LPSC that it had entered into amended agreements related to the Elizabeth Solar facility. The facility achieved commercial operation in December 2024;

•In February 2024, Entergy Louisiana and Magnolia Power executed a 10-year Capacity Credit Purchase Agreement (CCPA) for 290 MW of MISO Zone 9 Zonal Resource Credits (ZRC) associated with the Magnolia Power Generating Station. In December 2024 the LPSC approved the CCPA, with the delivery term set to commence on the first day of the 2025-2026 MISO planning year; and

•In May 2024, Entergy Mississippi and Cooperative Energy executed a one-year ZRC Purchase and Sale Agreement for a minimum of 300 MW of MISO Zone 10 ZRCs during the 2025-2026 MISO planning year. This agreement was followed by a similar agreement between the parties in November 2024 for a minimum of 350 MW of MISO Zone 10, ZRCs to be transferred over the 2026-2027, 2027-2028, and 2028-2029 planning years.

•In February 2025, Entergy Texas and Tunica Windpower, LLC executed a 15-year ZRC Purchase and Sale Agreement for the purchase of all accredited MISO Zone 10 ZRCs associated with the Delta Wind Facility located in Tunica County, Mississippi;

•In November 2025, Entergy Louisiana and Cottonwood Energy Company, LP executed an asset purchase agreement for the 1,263 MW combined-cycle natural gas-fired Cottonwood Generating Station located in Deweyville, Texas, including related assets and interests. A certification filing was made with the LPSC in December 2025; and

•In November 2025, Entergy Texas and Bayou Galion Solar Project, LLC executed a six-year ZRC Purchase and Sale Agreement for the purchase of all accredited ZRCs from the Bayou Galion Solar Facility with an expected annual average of approximately 19 MW of MISO Zone 9 ZRCs.

Power Through Programs

In December 2020, Entergy Texas filed an application with the PUCT to amend its certificate of convenience and necessity to own and operate up to 75 MW of natural gas-fired distributed generation to be installed at commercial and industrial customer premises. Under this proposal, Entergy Texas would own and operate a fleet of generators ranging from 100 kW to 10 MW that would supply a portion of Entergy Texas’s long-term resource needs and enhance the resiliency of Entergy Texas’s electric grid. This fleet of generators would also be available to customers during outages to supply backup electric service as part of a program known as “Power Through. In addition, the PUCT announced an intent to conduct a broad rulemaking related to distributed generation and recommended that utilities with pending applications addressing distributed generation withdraw them. Accordingly, Entergy Texas withdrew its application for a certificate of convenience and necessity and associated tariff from the PUCT without prejudice to refiling. Entergy Texas continues to deploy certain customer-sited distributed generators under an existing PUCT-approved tariff. In August 2022, Entergy Texas filed an application for PUCT approval of voluntary Rate Schedule Utility Owned Distributed Generation through which it would charge host customers for back-up service from customer-sited Power Through generators. Based on the exemption enacted by the Texas legislature in 2021, Entergy Texas’s application was not required to, and did not, seek an amendment to its certificate of convenience and necessity in order to continue deploying Power Through generators. In October 2022 two intervenors filed requests for a hearing on Entergy Texas’s application. In October 2022 the PUCT staff filed a request that the proceeding be referred to the State Office of Administrative Hearings. In January 2023 the PUCT announced an intent to develop certain broadly applicable reliability metrics against which to measure distributed generation resources and directed Entergy Texas to withdraw its application. However, the PUCT did allow Entergy Texas to continue its pilot program for Power Through generators. Entergy Texas withdrew its application. In its 2023 session, the Texas legislature modified the Texas Utilities Code to confirm Entergy Texas’s ability to provide back-up generation service using customer-sited utility-owned distributed generation and directing the PUCT to approve rates for such service upon application by Entergy Texas. In February 2024, Entergy Texas resubmitted its application for PUCT approval of voluntary Rate Schedule Utility Owned Distributed Generation. Texas cities, the Office of Public Utility Counsel, Texas Industrial Energy Consumers, and Wal-Mart, Inc. have intervened as parties. In July 2024 the proceeding was referred to the State Office of Administrative Hearings and a procedural

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schedule was established. In November 2024, Entergy Texas filed an unopposed settlement agreement consistent with its as-filed request and a motion to admit evidence and remand the proceeding to the PUCT. In December 2024 the PUCT’s Office of Policy and Docket Management filed a proposed order for the PUCT’s consideration that would adopt the unopposed settlement, which was approved by the PUCT in February 2025.

In July 2021, Entergy Louisiana filed with the LPSC an application for authority to deploy natural gas-fired distributed generation. The application was supported by a number of letters of interest from Entergy Louisiana customers. In June 2022 the parties reached an uncontested settlement which, among other things, recommended approval of 120 MW of natural gas fired distributed generation and an additional 30 MW of solar and battery distributed generation, for a total distributed generation program of 150 MW. Pursuant to the terms of the settlement agreement, Entergy Louisiana may seek to expand the distributed generation program following the earlier of two years after issuance of an order approving the settlement or the installation of 60 MW of distributed generation pursuant to this program. The settlement was approved by the LPSC in November 2022.

In August 2021, Entergy Arkansas filed with the APSC an application seeking authority for a “Power Through” offering to deploy natural gas-fired distributed generation to provide backup generation for certain customers. The application was supported by a number of letters of interest from Entergy Arkansas customers. In December 2023 the APSC approved a streamlined approval process for the individual Power Through generators. In July 2024, Entergy Arkansas filed tariff revisions to comply with the APSC’s order. In November 2024 the APSC approved Entergy Arkansas’s compliance tariff. In October 2025 the APSC approved Entergy Arkansas’s first Power Through project.

In October 2023, Entergy Mississippi proposed implementation of commercial scale, natural gas-fired resilient distributed generation, to be installed in front of the meter at commercial and industrial customer premises. Entergy Mississippi can dispatch the units at times of peak demand, which can mitigate the typically higher energy and capacity costs borne by all customers during times of peak energy usage.

Provision of Service to Large-Scale Data Center Customers

Subject to pending regulatory approvals, certain Utility operating companies are planning to make significant infrastructure investments in new solar projects, natural gas power plants, and other transmission and generation assets to power new large-scale data centers.

In March 2024, Entergy Mississippi executed a large customer supply and service agreement to serve two data centers campuses located in Madison County, Mississippi in which Amazon Web Services is investing. In February 2025, Entergy Mississippi also executed a large customer supply and service agreement to serve a data center campus located in Warren County, Mississippi in which Amazon Web Services is investing. See the “Liquidity and Capital Resources – Uses of Capital – Additional Generation and Transmission Resources” section of Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for Entergy Mississippi for additional discussion of the agreements and the investments proposed in connection with service to these facilities.

in north Louisiana. See the “Liquidity and Capital Resources – Uses of Capital – Additional Generation and Transmission Resources” section of Management’s Financial

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Discussion and Analysis for Entergy Louisiana for additional discussion of this filing and the investments proposed in connection with new service to this data center facility.

In addition, some of the Utility operating companies are engaged in discussions with prospective customers concerning potential service to other data center projects. Because of the significant demand and energy needs associated with these facilities, which generally involve large levels of maximum demand for sustained periods throughout the day and throughout the year, extending service to these facilities often requires investment in incremental generation and transmission facilities, with a resulting risk of stranded costs if expected demand does not materialize and this risk is not mitigated through appropriate commercial terms, which are subject to negotiations with the customer. Often it is therefore necessary and appropriate for the Utility operating companies, in the electric service agreements negotiated with these customers, to include terms that provide for the prospective customer to contribute significant funds, through contributions in aid of construction or through minimum bill revenues, toward the cost of these incremental investments and that include other terms and safeguards to balance reasonably the interests of existing customers with the interests of the prospective customer. Such safeguards take many forms but may include minimum payment obligations, lengthy contract durations, customer advances for construction, and credit and collateral requirements, among other terms. Investments in significant new generation and transmission assets, such as those necessary to serve proposed large-scale data center customers, are often subject to the requirement of receiving applicable regulatory approvals from the APSC, the LPSC, the MPSC, the City Council, or the PUCT, depending on applicable regulatory rules and laws and the circumstances of the proposed investments.

Large-scale data center customers often have sustainability goals and commitments that may require the sourcing of power for these facilities from renewable or emissions-free resources, such as solar, wind, or nuclear resources, or installation of carbon capture or other technologies to reduce emissions. Many of these data center customers are willing to contribute a significant portion of the cost of these facilities in order to access these sustainable or emissions-free resources, including through subscriptions to renewable tariff offerings by the Utility operating companies, which arrangements have the potential to lower the costs of such resources as reflected in the rates of the Utility operating companies to the benefit of their other customers. This interest of prospective large-scale data center customers in sustainable and clean generating resources coincides with Entergy’s own sustainability objectives and informs the Utility operating companies’ strategies and resource planning solutions to serve these prospective customers’ needs.

Interconnections

The Utility operating companies’ generating units are interconnected to the electric system which operates at various voltages up to 500 kV. These generating units consist of steam-turbine generators fueled by natural gas, coal, and pressurized and boiling water nuclear reactors; combustion-turbine generators, combined cycle combustion turbine generators and reciprocating internal combustion engine generators that are fueled by natural

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gas; and inverter-based resources interconnecting both solar photovoltaic systems and energy storage devices that participate in the MISO wholesale electric market. Entergy’s Utility operating companies are MISO market participants and the companies’ transmission systems are interconnected with those of many neighboring utilities. MISO is an essential link in the safe, cost-effective delivery of electric power across all or parts of 15 U.S. states and the Canadian province of Manitoba.

Title

The Utility operating companies’ generating stations are generally located on properties owned in fee simple. Most of the substations and transmission and distribution lines are constructed on private property or public rights-of-way pursuant to easements, servitudes, or appropriate franchises. Some substation properties are owned in fee simple. The Utility operating companies generally have the right of eminent domain, whereby they may perfect title to, or secure easements or servitudes on, private property for their utility operations.

The Lewis Creek generating station of Entergy Texas was acquired by merger with a subsidiary of Entergy Texas and is currently not subject to the lien of the Entergy Texas indenture.

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Fuel Supply

The average fuel cost per kWh for the Utility operating companies and System Energy for the years 2023-2025 were:

(a)Includes average fuel costs from both owned and purchased power resources.

(b)Includes activity from financial transmission rights. See Note 15 to the financial statements for discussion of financial transmission rights.

(c)Entergy Mississippi’s and Entergy Texas’s purchased power in 2025 includes increased capacity purchases, which increases the average fuel cost per kWh without a corresponding increase in kWh.

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Actual 2025 and projected 2026 sources of generation for the Utility operating companies and System Energy, including certain power purchases from affiliates under life of unit power purchase agreements, including the Unit Power Sales Agreement, are:

(a)Capacity and energy from System Energy’s interest in Grand Gulf was allocated as follows under the Unit Power Sales Agreement through September 30, 2025: Entergy Arkansas - 36%; Entergy Louisiana - 14%; Entergy Mississippi - 47%; and Entergy New Orleans - 17%. Effective January 1, 2025, Entergy Louisiana divested all of its 14% share of capacity and energy from Grand Gulf and all of the capacity and energy from Grand Gulf that it purchases from Entergy Arkansas (approximately 2.43%) to Entergy Mississippi. This divestiture was being effectuated initially under a designated PPA between Entergy Louisiana and Entergy Mississippi. Effective October 1, 2025, as approved by the FERC under an amended Unit Power Sales Agreement, capacity and energy from System Energy’s interest in Grand Gulf was allocated as follows: Entergy Arkansas - 24.19%, Entergy Mississippi - 56.38%, and Entergy New Orleans - 19.43%. Pursuant to purchased power agreements, Entergy Arkansas is selling a portion of its owned capacity and energy from Grand Gulf to Entergy Mississippi and Entergy New Orleans.

(b)Represents natural gas sourced for Simple Cycle Combustion Turbine units and Combined Cycle Gas Turbine units.

(d)Includes generation from both owned and purchased power resources.

(e)Excludes MISO purchases and renewables purchased through purchased power agreements.

(f)In December 2013, Entergy integrated its transmission system into the MISO RTO. Entergy then operates its

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generation in accordance with MISO’s dispatch instructions. The MISO purchases metric provided for 2025 is not projected for 2026.

Some of the Utility’s gas-fired plants are also capable of using fuel oil, if necessary.

Natural Gas

The Utility operating companies have long-term and short-term firm and interruptible gas contracts for both supply and transportation. Over 90% of the Utility operating companies’ power plants maintain some level of long-term firm transportation. Long-term, short-term, and spot-market purchases satisfy gas requirements. Entergy Texas owns a gas storage facility and Entergy Louisiana has a firm storage service agreement that provide reliable and flexible natural gas service to certain generating stations.

Many factors, including wellhead deliverability, storage, pipeline capacity, and demand requirements of end users, influence the availability and price of natural gas supplies for power plants. Demand is primarily tied to weather conditions as well as to the prices and availability of other energy sources. Pursuant to federal and state regulations, gas supplies to power plants may be interrupted during periods of shortage. To the extent natural gas supplies are disrupted or natural gas prices significantly increase, the Utility operating companies may in some instances use alternate fuels, such as oil when available, or rely to a larger extent on coal, nuclear generation, and purchased power.

Coal

Entergy Arkansas has committed to six one- to three-year contracts that will supply at least 85% of the total coal supply needs in 2026. These contracts are staggered in term so that not all contracts have to be renewed the same year. If needed, additional Powder River Basin (PRB) coal will be purchased through contracts with a term of less than one year to provide the remaining supply needs. Based on the high cost of alternate sources, modes of transportation, and infrastructure improvements necessary for its delivery, no alternative coal consumption is expected at Entergy Arkansas during 2026. Coal will be transported to Arkansas via an existing Union Pacific transportation agreement that is expected to provide all of Entergy Arkansas’s rail transportation requirements for 2026.

Entergy Louisiana has committed to four two- to three-year contracts that will supply at least 90% of Nelson Unit 6 coal needs in 2026. If needed, additional PRB coal will be purchased through contracts with a term of less than one year to provide the remaining supply needs. For the same reasons as the Entergy Arkansas plants, no alternative coal consumption is expected at Nelson Unit 6 during 2026. Coal will be transported to Nelson via an existing Union Pacific transportation agreement that is expected to provide all of Entergy Louisiana’s rail transportation requirements for 2026.

For the year ended December 31, 2025, coal transportation delivery rates to Entergy Arkansas- and Entergy Louisiana-operated coal-fired units were able to fully meet supply needs and obligations, and delivery rates in 2026 are expected to continue to be consistent with 2025 delivery rates in meeting supply needs and obligations. Both Entergy Arkansas and Entergy Louisiana control a sufficient number of railcars to satisfy the rail transportation requirement.

The operator of Big Cajun 2 - Unit 3, Pelican Power, has advised Entergy Louisiana and Entergy Texas that it has adequate coal supply, rail car, and barge capacity to meet 2026 obligations.

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Nuclear Fuel

The nuclear fuel cycle consists of the following:

•mining and milling of uranium ore to produce a concentrate;

•conversion of the concentrate to uranium hexafluoride gas;

•enrichment of the uranium hexafluoride gas;

•fabrication of nuclear fuel assemblies for use in fueling nuclear reactors; and

•disposal of spent fuel.

The Registrant Subsidiaries that own nuclear plants, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy, are responsible through a shared regulated uranium pool for contracts to acquire nuclear material to be used in fueling Entergy’s Utility nuclear units. Any liabilities for obligations of the pooled contracts are on a several but not joint basis. The shared regulated uranium pool maintains inventories of nuclear materials during the various stages of processing. The Registrant Subsidiaries purchase enriched uranium hexafluoride for their nuclear plant reload requirements at the average inventory cost from the shared regulated uranium pool. Entergy Operations, Inc. contracts separately for the fabrication of nuclear fuel as agent on behalf of each of the Registrant Subsidiaries that owns a nuclear plant. All contracts for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel are between the DOE and the owner of a nuclear power plant.

There are a number of possible supply alternatives that may be accessed to mitigate any supplier performance failure, including potentially drawing upon Entergy’s inventory intended for later generation periods depending upon its risk management strategy at that time, although the pricing of any alternate uranium supply from the market will be dependent upon the market for uranium supply at that time. In addition, some nuclear fuel contracts are on a non-fixed price basis subject to prevailing prices at the time of delivery.

There are fewer of these providers than for uranium. For fabrication services, each plant is dependent upon the effective performance of the fabricator of that plant’s nuclear fuel, therefore, Entergy provides additional monitoring, inspection, and oversight for the fabrication process to assure reliability and quality.

The effects of market price changes may be reduced and deferred by risk management strategies, such as negotiation of floor and ceiling amounts for long-term contracts, buying for inventory or entering into forward physical contracts at fixed prices when Entergy believes it is appropriate and useful. Entergy buys uranium and conversion and enrichment services from a diversified mix of sellers located in a diversified mix of countries, and from time to time purchases from nearly all qualified reliable major market participants worldwide that sell into the United States.

Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy each have made arrangements to lease nuclear fuel and related equipment and services. The lessors, which are consolidated in the financial statements of Entergy and the applicable Registrant Subsidiary, finance the acquisition and ownership of nuclear fuel through credit

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agreements and the issuance of notes. These credit facilities are subject to periodic renewal, and the notes are issued periodically, typically for terms between three and seven years.

Federal Regulation of the Utility

State or local regulatory authorities, as described above, regulate the retail rates of the Utility operating companies. The FERC regulates wholesale sales of electricity rates and interstate transmission of electricity, including System Energy’s sales of capacity and energy from Grand Gulf to Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans pursuant to the Unit Power Sales Agreement. See Note 2 to the financial statements for further discussion of federal regulatory proceedings.

Transmission and MISO Markets

In December 2013 the Utility operating companies integrated into the MISO RTO. Although becoming a member of MISO did not affect the ownership by the Utility operating companies of their transmission facilities or the responsibility for maintaining those facilities, MISO maintains functional control over the combined transmission systems of its members and administers wholesale energy and ancillary services markets for market participants in the MISO region, including the Utility operating companies. MISO also exercises functional control of transmission planning and congestion management and provides schedules and pricing for the commitment and dispatch of generation that is offered into MISO’s markets, as well as pricing for load that bids into the markets. The Utility operating companies sell capacity, energy, and ancillary services on a bilateral basis to certain wholesale customers and offer available electricity production of their owned and controlled generating facilities into the MISO resource adequacy construct (the annual Planning Resource Auction), as well as the MISO day-ahead and real-time energy markets pursuant to the MISO tariff and market rules. The resource adequacy construct provided under the MISO tariff confers certain rights and imposes certain obligations upon load-serving entities, including the Utility operating companies, that are served from the transmission systems subject to MISO’s functional control, including the transmission facilities of the Utility operating companies. The MISO tariff is subject to change and has recently undergone significant changes, including changes to its overall capacity accreditation methodology.

MISO administers a process governed by the MISO tariff and subject to the FERC regulation that governs the interconnection of new generation resources to the transmission system under MISO’s functional control. Under MISO’s current tariff, these requests are studied and considered in clusters, generally in the order in which they are received – a system of priority known as the MISO interconnection queue. In 2025, MISO received approval from the FERC to have an Expedited Resource Addition Study (ERAS) process. ERAS is a temporary process for expediting the study and approval of interconnection projects needed for resource adequacy and/or reliability needs. The Utility operating companies are utilizing the MISO ERAS process to obtain interconnection agreements for fourteen generators on an expedited basis.

Each Utility operating company has its own transmission pricing zone and a formula rate template (included as Attachment O to the MISO tariff) used to establish transmission rates within MISO. The terms and conditions of the MISO tariff, including provisions related to the design and implementation of wholesale markets and the allocation of transmission upgrade costs, are subject to regulation by the FERC.

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System Energy and Related Agreements

System Energy recovers costs related to its interest in Grand Gulf through rates charged to Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans for capacity and energy under the Unit Power Sales Agreement (described below). In 1998 the FERC approved requests by Entergy Arkansas and Entergy Mississippi to accelerate a portion of their Grand Gulf purchased power obligations. Entergy Arkansas’s and Entergy Mississippi’s acceleration of Grand Gulf purchased power obligations ceased effective July 2001 and July 2003, respectively, as approved by the FERC. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of proceedings at the FERC related to System Energy.

Unit Power Sales Agreement

The Unit Power Sales Agreement allocates capacity, energy, and the related costs from System Energy’s ownership and leasehold interests in Grand Gulf. Effective January 1, 2025, Entergy Louisiana divested all of its 14% share of capacity and energy from Grand Gulf pursuant to the Unit Power Sales Agreement and all of the capacity and energy from Grand Gulf that it purchased from Entergy Arkansas (approximately 2.43%) under the MSS-4 replacement tariff to Entergy Mississippi. Effective October 1, 2025, the Unit Power Sales Agreement was amended to reflect the divestiture and the amounts of Grand Gulf energy and capacity that were previously re-sold under the MSS-4 replacement tariff, with the associated power purchase agreements being terminated or modified to remove the Grand Gulf sales. The current entitlement percentages under the Unit Power Sales Agreement effective October 1, 2025 are as follows: Entergy Arkansas (24.19%), Entergy Mississippi (56.38%), and Entergy New Orleans (19.43%).

Payments under the Unit Power Sales Agreement are System Energy’s only source of operating revenue. The financial condition of System Energy depends upon the continued commercial operation of Grand Gulf and the receipt of such payments.

In the event that Entergy Arkansas is not able to sell its retained share to third parties, it may sell such energy to its retail customers at a price equal to its avoided cost, which is currently less than Entergy Arkansas’s cost from its retained share.

Availability Agreement

An Availability Agreement among System Energy and Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans was originally entered into in 1974 in connection with the original financing by System Energy of Grand Gulf (1974 Availability Agreement).

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As discussed in Note 8 to the financial statements, Entergy Louisiana divested all of its rights, entitlements, and interests in such capacity and energy to Entergy Mississippi. Effective October 1, 2025, the 1974 Availability Agreement was terminated and discharged. Immediately following such termination, System Energy, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans entered into a new Availability Agreement (2025 Availability Agreement).

System Energy would not be allowed to repay these subordinated advances so long as it remained in default under the related indebtedness or in other similar circumstances. In connection with the termination and discharge of the 1974 Availability Agreement, these assignment agreements were also terminated and discharged. Immediately following such termination, System Energy, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans entered into new assignment agreements relating to the 2025 Availability Agreement as security for the outstanding series of System Energy’s first mortgage bonds, including those securing the pollution control revenue refunding bonds issued on System Energy’s behalf.

However, if there is an event of default, those payments must be made directly to the holders of indebtedness that are the beneficiaries of such assignment agreements. The payments must be made pro rata according to the amount of the respective obligations secured.

No such filing with the FERC has been made because sales of capacity and energy from Grand Gulf are being made pursuant to the Unit Power Sales Agreement.

The 2025 Availability Agreement may be terminated, and certain amendments or modifications may be made, in each case, by mutual agreement of the parties thereto, without further consent of any assignees or other creditors.

Service Companies

Entergy Services, a limited liability company wholly-owned by Entergy Corporation, provides management, administrative, accounting, legal, engineering, and other services primarily to the Utility operating

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companies, as well as to Entergy’s non-utility operations business. Entergy Operations is also wholly-owned by Entergy Corporation and provides nuclear management, operations, and maintenance services under contract for ANO, River Bend, Waterford 3, and Grand Gulf, subject to the owner oversight of Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy, respectively.

Jurisdictional Separation of Entergy Gulf States, Inc. into Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and Entergy Texas

Effective December 31, 2007, Entergy Gulf States, Inc. completed a jurisdictional separation into two vertically integrated utility companies, one operating under the sole retail jurisdiction of the PUCT, Entergy Texas, and the other operating under the sole retail jurisdiction of the LPSC, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana. Entergy Texas owns all Entergy Gulf States, Inc. distribution and transmission assets located in Texas, the gas-fired generating plants located in Texas, undivided 42.5% ownership shares of Entergy Gulf States, Inc.’s 70% ownership interest in Nelson Unit 6 and 42% ownership interest in Big Cajun 2, Unit 3, which are coal-fired generating plants located in Louisiana, and other assets and contract rights to the extent related to utility operations in Texas. Entergy Louisiana, as successor in interest to Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, owns all of the remaining assets that were owned by Entergy Gulf States, Inc. On a book value basis, approximately 58.1% of the Entergy Gulf States, Inc. assets were allocated to Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and approximately 41.9% were allocated to Entergy Texas.

Entergy Texas was allocated a share of River Bend’s nuclear and environmental liabilities that is identical to the share of the plant’s output purchased by Entergy Texas under the purchased power agreement. In connection with the termination of the System Agreement effective August 31, 2016, the purchased power agreements that were put in place for certain legacy units at the time of the jurisdictional separation were also terminated at that time.

Entergy Louisiana and Entergy Gulf States Louisiana Business Combination

On October 1, 2015, the businesses formerly conducted by Entergy Louisiana (Old Entergy Louisiana) and Entergy Gulf States Louisiana (Old Entergy Gulf States Louisiana) were combined into a single public utility. In order to effect the business combination, under the Texas Business Organizations Code (TXBOC), Old Entergy Louisiana allocated substantially all of its assets to a new subsidiary, Entergy Louisiana Power, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (New Entergy Louisiana), and New Entergy Louisiana assumed the liabilities of Old Entergy Louisiana, in a transaction regarded as a merger under the TXBOC. Under the TXBOC, Old Entergy Gulf States Louisiana allocated substantially all of its assets to a new subsidiary (New Entergy Gulf States Louisiana) and New Entergy Gulf States Louisiana assumed the liabilities of Old Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, in a transaction regarded as a merger under the TXBOC. New Entergy Gulf States Louisiana then merged into New Entergy Louisiana with New Entergy Louisiana surviving the merger. Thereupon, Old Entergy Louisiana changed its name from “Entergy Louisiana, LLC” to “EL Investment Company, LLC” and New Entergy Louisiana changed its name from “Entergy Louisiana Power, LLC” to “Entergy Louisiana, LLC” (Entergy Louisiana). With the completion of the business combination, Entergy Louisiana holds substantially all of the assets, and has assumed the liabilities, of Old Entergy Louisiana and Old Entergy Gulf States Louisiana.

Other Business Activities

Entergy’s non-utility operations business includes the ownership of interests in non-nuclear power plants that sell the electric power produced by those plants to wholesale customers. Entergy’s non-utility operations business also provides decommissioning-related services to nuclear power plants owned by non-affiliated entities.

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Property

Entergy’s non-utility operations business owns interests in the following non-nuclear power plants:

(a)“Net Owned Capacity” refers to the nameplate rating on the generating unit.

(b)The owned MW capacity is the portion of the plant capacity owned by Entergy’s non-utility operations business. For a complete listing of Entergy’s jointly-owned generating stations, refer to “Jointly-Owned Generating Stations” in Note 1 to the financial statements.

All generation owned by Entergy’s non-utility operations business falls under the authority of MISO. Customers for the sale of both energy and capacity from its owned generation and contracted power purchases include retail power providers, utilities, electric power co-operatives, power trading organizations, and other power generation companies. The majority of the non-utility operations businesses’ owned generation and contracted power purchases are sold under a cost-based contract.

TLG Services, a subsidiary in Entergy’s non-utility operations business, offers decommissioning, engineering, and related services to nuclear power plant owners.

Regulation of Entergy’s Business

Federal Power Act

The Federal Power Act provides the FERC the authority to regulate:

•the transmission and wholesale sale of electric energy in interstate commerce;

•the reliability of the high voltage interstate transmission system through reliability standards;

•sale or acquisition of certain assets;

•securities issuances;

•the licensing of certain hydroelectric projects;

•certain other activities, including accounting policies and practices of electric and gas utilities; and

•changes in control of FERC jurisdictional entities or rate schedules.

The FERC also has jurisdiction over the rates charged by Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Texas to unaffiliated wholesale customers. FERC regulation of the MISO RTO includes regulation of the design and implementation of the wholesale markets administered by the MISO RTO, as well as the rates, terms, and conditions of open access transmission service over the member systems and the allocation of costs associated with transmission upgrades.

Entergy Arkansas holds a FERC license that expires in 2053 for two hydroelectric projects totaling 65 MW of capacity.

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State Regulation

Utility

Entergy Arkansas is subject to regulation by the APSC as to the following:

•utility service;

•utility service areas;

•retail rates and charges, including depreciation rates;

•fuel cost recovery, including audits of the energy cost recovery rider;

•terms and conditions of service;

•service standards;

•the acquisition, sale, or lease of any public utility plant or property constituting an operating unit or system;

•certificates of convenience and necessity and certificates of environmental compatibility and public need, as applicable, for generating and transmission facilities;

•avoided cost payments to non-exempt Qualifying Facilities;

•net energy metering;

•integrated resource planning;

•utility mergers and acquisitions and other changes of control; and

•the issuance and sale of certain securities.

Additionally, Entergy Arkansas serves a limited number of retail customers in Tennessee. Pursuant to legislation enacted in Tennessee, Entergy Arkansas is subject to complaints before the Tennessee Regulatory Authority only if it fails to treat its retail customers in Tennessee in the same manner as its retail customers in Arkansas. Additionally, Entergy Arkansas maintains limited facilities in Missouri but does not provide retail electric service to customers in Missouri. Although Entergy Arkansas obtained a certificate with respect to its Missouri facilities, Entergy Arkansas is not subject to retail ratemaking jurisdiction in Missouri.

Entergy Louisiana is subject to regulation by the LPSC as to the following:

•utility service;

•retail rates and charges, including depreciation rates;

•fuel cost recovery, including audits of the fuel adjustment clause, and the environmental adjustment charge;

•terms and conditions of service;

•service standards;

•certification of certain transmission projects;

•certification of capacity acquisitions, both for owned capacity and for purchase power contracts that exceed either 5 MW or one year in term;

•procurement process to acquire generating capacity at or above 50 MW;

•audits of the energy efficiency rider;

•avoided cost payment to non-exempt Qualifying Facilities;

•integrated resource planning;

•net energy metering; and

•utility mergers and acquisitions and other changes of control.

Entergy Mississippi is subject to regulation by the MPSC as to the following:

•utility service;

•utility service areas;

•retail rates and charges, including depreciation rates;

•fuel cost recovery, including audits of the energy cost recovery mechanism;

•terms and conditions of service;

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•service standards;

•certification of certain generating facilities, certain transmission projects, and distribution projects with construction costs greater than $10 million;

•avoided cost payments to non-exempt Qualifying Facilities;

•integrated resource planning;

•net energy metering; and

•utility mergers, acquisitions, and other changes of control.

Entergy Mississippi is also subject to regulation by the APSC as to the certificate of environmental compatibility and public need for the Independence Station, which is located in Arkansas.

Entergy New Orleans is subject to regulation by the City Council as to the following:

•utility service;

•retail rates and charges, including depreciation rates;

•fuel cost recovery, including audits of the fuel adjustment charge;

•terms and conditions of service;

•service standards;

•audit of the environmental adjustment charge;

•certification of the construction or extension of any new plant, equipment, property, or facility that comprises more than 2% of the utility’s rate base;

•integrated resource planning;

•net energy metering;

•avoided cost payments to non-exempt Qualifying Facilities;

•issuance and sale of certain securities; and

•utility mergers and acquisitions and other changes of control.

To the extent authorized by governing legislation, Entergy Texas is subject to the original jurisdiction of the municipal authorities of a number of incorporated cities in Texas with appellate jurisdiction over such matters residing in the PUCT. Entergy Texas is also subject to regulation by the PUCT as to the following:

•retail rates and charges, including depreciation rates, and terms and conditions of service in unincorporated areas of its service territory, and in municipalities that have ceded jurisdiction to the PUCT;

•fuel recovery, including reconciliations (audits) of the fuel adjustment charges;

•service standards;

•certification of certain transmission and generation projects;

•utility service areas, including extensions into new areas;

•avoided cost payments to non-exempt Qualifying Facilities;

•net energy metering; and

•utility mergers, sales/acquisitions/leases of plants over $10 million, sales of greater than 50% voting stock of utilities, and transfers of controlling interest in or operation of utilities.

Regulation of the Nuclear Power Industry

Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and Energy Reorganization Act of 1974

Under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, the operation of nuclear plants is heavily regulated by the NRC, which has broad power to impose licensing and safety-related requirements. The NRC has broad authority to impose civil penalties or shut down a unit, or both, depending upon its assessment of the severity of the situation, until compliance is achieved. Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy, as owners of all or portions of ANO, River Bend and Waterford 3, and Grand Gulf,

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respectively, and Entergy Operations, as the licensee and operator of these units, are subject to the jurisdiction of the NRC.

Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982

Spent Nuclear Fuel

Under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, the DOE is required, for a specified fee, to construct storage facilities for, and to dispose of, all spent nuclear fuel and other high-level radioactive waste generated by domestic nuclear power reactors. Entergy’s nuclear owner/licensee subsidiaries have been charged fees for the estimated future disposal costs of spent nuclear fuel in accordance with the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982. The affected Entergy companies entered into contracts with the DOE, whereby the DOE is to furnish disposal services at a cost of one mill per net kWh generated and sold after April 7, 1983, plus a one-time fee for generation prior to that date. Entergy Arkansas is the only one of the Utility operating companies that generated electric power with nuclear fuel prior to that date and has a recorded liability as of December 31, 2025 of $225 million for the one-time fee. The fees payable to the DOE may be adjusted in the future to assure full recovery. Entergy considers all costs incurred for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel, except accrued interest, to be proper components of nuclear fuel expense. Provisions to recover such costs have been or will be made in applications to regulatory authorities for the Utility plants. Entergy’s total spent fuel fees to date, including the one-time fee liability of Entergy Arkansas, have surpassed $1.7 billion (exclusive of amounts relating to Entergy plants that were paid or are owed by prior owners of those plants).

The permanent spent fuel repository in the U.S. has been legislated to be Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The DOE is required by law to proceed with the licensing of the Yucca Mountain repository (the DOE filed the license application in June 2008) and, after the license is granted by the NRC, proceed with the repository construction and commencement of receipt of spent fuel. Because the DOE has not begun accepting spent fuel, it is in non-compliance with the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 and is in partial breach of its spent fuel disposal contracts. The DOE continues to delay meeting its obligation. Specific steps were taken to discontinue the Yucca Mountain project, including a motion to the NRC to withdraw the license application with prejudice and the establishment of a commission to develop recommendations for alternative spent fuel storage solutions. In August 2013 the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit ordered the NRC to continue with the Yucca Mountain license review, but only to the extent of funds previously appropriated by Congress for that purpose and not yet used. Although the NRC completed the safety evaluation report for the license review in 2015, the previously appropriated funds are not sufficient to complete the review, including required hearings. The government has taken no effective action to date related to the recommendations of the appointed spent fuel study commission. Accordingly, large uncertainty remains regarding the time frame under which the DOE will begin to accept spent fuel from Entergy’s facilities for storage or disposal. As a result, continuing future expenditures will be required to increase spent fuel storage capacity at Entergy’s nuclear sites.

Following the defunding of the Yucca Mountain spent fuel repository program, the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners and others sued the government seeking cessation of collection of the one mill per net kWh generated and sold after April 7, 1983 fee. In November 2013 the D.C. In January 2014 the DOE submitted the proposal to Congress under protest, and also filed a petition for rehearing with the D.C. Circuit. The petition for rehearing was denied. The zero spent fuel fee went into effect prospectively in May 2014.

As a result of the DOE’s failure to begin disposal of spent nuclear fuel in 1998 pursuant to the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 and the spent fuel disposal contracts, Entergy’s nuclear owner/licensee subsidiaries have incurred and will continue to incur damages. These subsidiaries have been, and continue to be, involved in litigation to recover the damages caused by the DOE’s delay in performance. See Note 8 to the financial statements for discussion of final judgments recorded by Entergy in 2023 and 2024 related to Entergy’s nuclear owner/licensee

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subsidiaries’ litigation with the DOE. Through 2025, Entergy’s subsidiaries have won and collected on judgments against the government totaling approximately $1.2 billion.

Pending DOE acceptance and disposal of spent nuclear fuel, the owners of nuclear plants are providing their own spent fuel storage. Storage capability additions using dry casks began operations at ANO in 1996, at River Bend in 2005, at Grand Gulf in 2006, and at Waterford 3 in 2011. These facilities will be expanded as needed.

Nuclear Plant Decommissioning

Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy are entitled to recover from customers through electric rates the estimated decommissioning costs for ANO, Waterford 3, and Grand Gulf, respectively. In addition, Entergy Louisiana and Entergy Texas are entitled to recover from customers through electric rates the estimated decommissioning costs for the portion of River Bend subject to retail rate regulation. The collections are deposited in trust funds that can only be used in accordance with NRC and other applicable regulatory requirements. Entergy periodically reviews and updates the estimated decommissioning costs to reflect inflation and changes in regulatory requirements and technology, and then makes applications to the regulatory authorities to reflect, in rates, the changes in projected decommissioning costs.

In December 2018 the APSC ordered collections in rates for decommissioning ANO 2 and found that ANO 1’s decommissioning was adequately funded without additional collections. In November 2021, Entergy Arkansas filed a revised decommissioning cost recovery tariff for ANO indicating that both ANO 1 and 2 decommissioning trusts were adequately funded without further collections, and in December 2021 the APSC ordered zero collections for ANO 1 and 2 decommissioning. In November 2022, Entergy Arkansas filed a revised decommissioning cost recovery tariff for ANO indicating that ANO 1’s decommissioning trust was adequately funded, but that ANO 2’s fund had a projected shortage as a result of a decline in decommissioning trust fund investment values over the past year. The filing proposed a reinstatement of decommissioning cost recovery for ANO 2. In December 2022 the APSC ordered reinstatement of decommissioning collections for ANO 2 in accordance with the request in the November 2022 filing. In November 2023, Entergy Arkansas filed a further revised decommissioning cost recovery tariff for ANO indicating that ANO 1’s decommissioning trust continued to be adequately funded, but that ANO 2’s fund continued to require collections higher than those in effect. In December 2023 the APSC approved the proposed higher decommissioning collections for ANO 2. In October 2024, Entergy Arkansas filed a revised cost recovery tariff indicating the decommissioning trusts for both ANO 1 and 2 were adequately funded and proposing suspension of decommissioning collections for both ANO 1 and 2. In December 2024 the APSC approved suspension of decommissioning collections for both ANO 1 and 2. In December 2025 the ALJ, to whom the APSC delegated review of ANO decommissioning revenues, approved continuation of the suspension of decommissioning collections for both ANO 1 and 2.

In July 2010 the LPSC approved increased decommissioning collections for Waterford 3 and the Louisiana regulated share of River Bend to address previously identified funding shortfalls. This LPSC decision contemplated that the level of decommissioning collections could be revisited should the NRC grant license extensions for both Waterford 3 and River Bend. The filing sought to increase Waterford 3 decommissioning collections and decrease River Bend decommissioning collections. In August 2023, Entergy Louisiana made another filing with the LPSC requesting to maintain the same total decommissioning funding collections as currently in effect for both Waterford 3 and River Bend combined, but also requesting to reallocate that same amount of funding by increasing the contributions for Waterford 3 and reducing the contributions for River Bend. In August 2024 the LPSC approved a stipulation settling the case involving Waterford 3 and River Bend decommissioning. The stipulation, among other things, increased Waterford 3 decommissioning collections and decreased River Bend decommissioning collections, as requested.

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In December 2010 the PUCT approved increased decommissioning collections for the Texas share of River Bend to address previously identified funding shortfalls. In December 2018 the PUCT approved a settlement that eliminated River Bend decommissioning collections for the Texas jurisdictional share of the plant based on a determination by Entergy Texas that the existing decommissioning fund was adequate following license renewal. In July 2022, Entergy Texas filed a base rate case that proposed continuation of the cessation of River Bend decommissioning collections. In May 2023, Entergy Texas filed on behalf of the parties to the base rate case an unopposed settlement, which included an agreement to maintain Entergy Texas’s decommissioning funding for River Bend at a revenue requirement of $0. In August 2023 the PUCT issued an order accepting the unopposed settlement, including the proposed decommissioning funding settlement terms.

In December 2016 the NRC issued a 20-year operating license renewal for Grand Gulf. In a 2017 filing at the FERC, System Energy stated that with the renewed operating license, Grand Gulf’s decommissioning trust was sufficiently funded, and proposed, among other things, to cease decommissioning collections for Grand Gulf effective October 1, 2017. The FERC accepted a settlement including the proposed decommissioning revenue requirement by letter order in August 2018.

Entergy currently believes its decommissioning funding will be sufficient for its nuclear plants subject to retail rate regulation, although decommissioning cost inflation and trust fund performance will ultimately determine the adequacy of the funding amounts.

Plant owners are required to provide the NRC with a biennial report (annually for units that have shut down or will shut down within five years), based on values as of December 31, addressing the owners’ ability to meet the NRC minimum funding levels. Depending on the value of the trust funds, plant owners may be required to take steps, such as providing financial guarantees through letters of credit or parent company guarantees or making additional contributions to the trusts, to ensure that the trusts are adequately funded and that NRC minimum funding requirements are met. In March 2025 filings with the NRC were made reporting on decommissioning funding for all of Entergy’s subsidiaries’ nuclear plants. Those reports showed that decommissioning funding for each of the nuclear plants met the NRC’s financial assurance requirements.

Additional information with respect to Entergy’s decommissioning costs and decommissioning trust funds is found in Note 9 and Note 16 to the financial statements.

Price-Anderson Act

The Price-Anderson Act requires that reactor licensees purchase and maintain the maximum amount of nuclear liability insurance available and participate in an industry assessment program called Secondary Financial Protection in order to protect the public in the event of a nuclear power plant accident. The costs of this insurance are borne by the nuclear power industry. In the case of a nuclear event in which Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, or System Energy is liable, protection is afforded through a combination of insurance and the Secondary Financial Protection program. The Price-Anderson Act and insurance applicable to the nuclear programs of Entergy are discussed in more detail in Note 8 to the financial statements.

NRC Reactor Oversight Process

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Column 1, “regulatory response column,” or Column 2, “degraded cornerstone column,” or Column 3, “multiple/repetitive degraded cornerstone column,” or Column 4, and “unacceptable performance,” or Column 5. Plants in Column 1 are subject to normal NRC inspection activities. Plants in Column 2, Column 3, or Column 4 are subject to progressively increasing levels of inspection by the NRC with, in general, progressively increasing levels of associated costs. Continued plant operation is not permitted for plants in Column 5. All of the nuclear generating plants owned and operated by Entergy’s Utility business are currently in Column 1.

Environmental Regulation

Entergy’s facilities and operations are subject to regulation by various governmental authorities having jurisdiction over air quality, water quality, control of toxic substances and hazardous and solid wastes, and other environmental matters. Management believes that Entergy’s businesses are in substantial compliance with environmental regulations currently applicable to its facilities and operations, with reference to possible exceptions noted below. Because environmental regulations are subject to change, future compliance requirements and costs cannot be precisely estimated. Except to the extent discussed below, at this time compliance with federal, state, and local provisions regulating the discharge of materials into the environment, or otherwise protecting the environment, is incorporated into the routine cost structure of Entergy’s businesses and is not expected to have a material effect on their competitive position, results of operations, cash flows, or financial position.

National Ambient Air Quality Standards

The Clean Air Act requires the EPA to set National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ozone, carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, and sulfur dioxide and requires periodic review of those standards. When an area fails to meet an ambient standard, it is considered to be in nonattainment and is classified as “marginal,” “moderate,” “serious,” or “severe.

Ozone Nonattainment

Entergy Texas operates two fossil-fueled generating facilities (Lewis Creek and Montgomery County Power Station) in a geographic area that is not in attainment with the applicable NAAQS for ozone. The ozone nonattainment area that affects Entergy Texas is the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria area. Both Lewis Creek and the Montgomery County Power Station hold all necessary permits for operation and comply with applicable air quality program regulations. Measures enacted to return the area to ozone attainment could make these program regulations more stringent. Entergy will continue to work with state environmental agencies on appropriate methods for assessing attainment and nonattainment with the ozone NAAQS.

Revised Fine Particulate (PM2.5) NAAQS

In March 2024 the EPA issued a final rule which revised the primary annual NAAQS for fine particulate matter, also known as PM2.5, from 12 ug/m3 to 9 ug/m3. This new standard was effective May 2024 and initial attainment/nonattainment designations for areas with available information are due by May 2026. A coalition of 24 states challenged the 2024 rule in the D.C. In November 2025 the EPA filed a motion asking the D.C. Circuit to vacate the agency’s 2024 revision of the PM2.5 NAAQS which lowered the primary standard to 9 ug/m3. Briefing on that motion is complete and the parties are awaiting a ruling. Even if the D.C. Circuit does not grant the motion to vacate the 2024 rule, the EPA is likely to initiate a reconsideration rulemaking given that this rule was listed as one of its 31 deregulatory priorities.

For any areas designated as nonattainment for the 2024 standard, SIPs to address nonattainment requirements will be due within 18 months of the effective date of any initial nonattainment designations. Within

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the areas in which the Utility operating companies operate, regulatory agency air monitor data from 2022-2024 for Pulaski County and Union County, Arkansas, West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, Harris County and Montgomery County, Texas, and DeSoto County, Mississippi reflect annual average PM2.5 concentrations in excess of this new standard and monitors for several other areas reflect concentrations between 8-9 ug/m3. Initial attainment and nonattainment designations are expected to be based on data from 2022-2024. As of December 31, 2025, none of the states in Entergy’s service area have recommended any areas to be designated as nonattainment with the revised 2024 standard.

Good Neighbor Plan/Cross-State Air Pollution Rule

In March 2005 the EPA finalized the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR), which was intended to reduce sulfur dioxides (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from electric generation plants in order to improve air quality in twenty-nine eastern states. The rule required a combination of capital investment to install pollution control equipment and increased operating costs through the purchase of emission allowances. Entergy began implementation in 2007, including installation of controls at several facilities and the development of an emission allowance procurement strategy. Based on several court challenges, CAIR and its subsequent versions, now known as the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR), have been remanded to and modified by the EPA on multiple occasions.

In June 2023 the EPA published its final Federal Implementation Plan (FIP), known as the Good Neighbor Plan, to address interstate transport for the 2015 ozone NAAQS which would increase the stringency of the CSAPR program in all four of the states where the Utility operating companies operate. The FIP would significantly reduce ozone season NOx emission allowance budgets and allocations for electric generating units. Judicial stays of the SIP disapprovals were granted in all four states in which the Utility operating companies operate. In March 2025 the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals concluded that the EPA properly disapproved Texas’s and Louisiana’s SIPs but found that the EPA’s disapproval was unreasonable for Mississippi’s SIP. The U.S. Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals has not issued a merits decision yet in the Arkansas SIP disapproval litigation. The FIP is also subject to numerous legal challenges in various federal circuit courts of appeals, and in June 2024 the U.S. Supreme Court issued an order, in challenges filed in the D.C. Circuit, staying enforcement of the FIP pending the D.C. Circuit’s review of the rule. Following the U.S. Supreme Court stay, the EPA also stayed the FIP. In March 2025 the EPA asked the D.C. Circuit for a voluntary remand to reconsider the FIP. In its declaration, the EPA states that it plans to reconsider, among other things, what states are subject to the FIP.C. Circuit held the cases in abeyance pending further order of the court. The EPA anticipates a new rule by fall 2026. Entergy is monitoring this litigation, any subsequent rulemaking, and assessing its compliance options in the event that the FIP becomes effective.

Hazardous Air Pollutants

The EPA released the final Mercury and Air Toxics Standard (MATS) rule in December 2011, which had a compliance date, with a widely granted one-year extension, of April 2016. The required controls have been installed and are operational at all affected Entergy units. In May 2024 the EPA issued a final rule revising portions of the MATS rule, including a reduction to the emission limit for filterable particulate matter. The revised standard will become effective July 2027 and could require additional capital investment and/or additional other operation and maintenance costs at Entergy’s coal-fired generating units. In March 2025, as part of its deregulatory agenda, the EPA announced that it was reconsidering the May 2024 MATS rule and that sources interested in a presidential exemption (two years, with additional exemptions available) should provide a recommendation to the EPA by March 31, 2025. Clean Air Act Section 112(i)(4) grants the President authority to issue an exemption if he determines that “the technology to implement such standard is not available and that it is in the national security

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interests of the United States to do so.” Entergy requested and received presidential exemptions for emissions of filterable particulate matter from Nelson Unit 6 and White Bluff Unit 1. The exemption lasts for a period of two years beyond the rule’s compliance date, i.e., from July 8, 2027 through July 8, 2029. Additionally, in June 2025, the EPA proposed to repeal certain aspects of the May 2024 MATS rule including the revised emission limit for filterable particulate matter for which the presidential exemption was granted. Comments on the proposed rule were due in August 2025, and the EPA is expected to finalize the rule in early 2026.

Regional Haze

In June 2005 the EPA issued its final Clean Air Visibility Rule (CAVR) regulations that potentially could result in a requirement to install SO2 and NOx pollution control technology as Best Available Retrofit Control Technology to continue operating certain of Entergy’s fossil generation units. The rule leaves certain CAVR determinations to the states. This rule establishes a series of 10-year planning periods, with states required to develop SIPs for each planning period, with each SIP including such air pollution control measures as may be necessary to achieve the ultimate goal of the CAVR by the year 2064. The various states are currently in the process of developing SIPs to implement the second planning period of the CAVR, which addresses the 2018-2028 planning period.

The second planning period (2018-2028) for the regional haze program requires states to examine sources for impacts on visibility and to prepare SIPs by July 31, 2021 to ensure reasonable progress is being made to attain visibility improvements. Entergy received information collection requests from the Arkansas and Louisiana Departments of Environmental Quality requesting an evaluation of technical and economic feasibility of various NOx and SO2 control technologies for Independence, Nelson 6, NISCO, and Ninemile. Responses to the information collection requests were submitted to the respective state agencies. Louisiana issued its draft SIP which did not propose any additional air emissions controls for the affected Entergy units in Louisiana. Some public commenters, however, believe additional air controls are cost-effective. In August 2024, Louisiana issued a revised SIP proposal for public comment, and following public comment, re-issued the revised SIP proposal in February 2025. The revised proposed SIP would not require any additional pollution control installations on any Entergy-owned units in Louisiana. Comments on the revised SIP were due in April 2025. The Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (LDEQ), like many other state agencies, did not meet the July 31, 2021 deadline to submit a SIP to the EPA for review.

Similar to the LDEQ, the Arkansas Department of Energy and Environment, Division of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) did not meet the July 31, 2021 SIP submission deadline, but subsequently submitted a final SIP to the EPA for review. The ADEQ reviewed Entergy’s Independence plant but determined that additional air emission controls would not be cost-effective considering the facility’s commitment to cease coal-fired combustion by December 31, 2030.

In June 2024, the EPA entered into a consent decree that sets deadlines for the EPA to take proposed and final actions on 34 states’ SIP submittals. The deadline for a proposed action to approve or disapprove the Arkansas SIP in part or in whole was August 2025, and the deadline for final action is August 2026. The EPA missed the deadline to finalize the Arkansas SIP, but, in September 2025, issued a proposed approval. Comments on the proposed approval were due October 2025.

In August 2022 the EPA issued findings of failure to submit regional haze SIPs to 15 states, including Louisiana. That two-year period expired in September 2024, but the EPA has not yet proposed a FIP for Louisiana.

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Greenhouse Gas Emissions

In May 2024 the EPA finalized rules regulating greenhouse gas emissions from new combustion turbine electric generating units (EGUs) under Section 111(b) of the Clean Air Act and from certain existing coal- and gas-fired EGUs under Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act.

For new gas combustion turbine EGUs, the final rule includes three subcategories of emission standards based on the unit’s annual capacity factor. Applicable emission standards for each subcategory are: a heat-input based CO2 emission standard for low load (<20% annual capacity factor) EGUs; an output-based CO2 efficiency standard for intermediate load (>20% but <40% annual capacity factor) EGUs; and, for base load (>40% annual capacity factor) EGUs, a Phase 1 output-based CO2 efficiency standard followed by a more stringent Phase 2 CO2 standard which will apply beginning January 1, 2032. The Phase 2 standard was established based on an EPA determination that carbon capture and sequestration represents the best system of emission reduction for new base load combustion turbine EGUs. The final rule allows for a possible one-year extension to the compliance date for the Phase 2 standard in circumstances where a source faces a delay in installation of controls due to factors outside of the control of the EGU owner/operator.

For existing generating units, the final rule includes emission guidelines issued under Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act and allows states two years to develop a plan to implement the new emission guidelines with respect to subject emission units within their state. The final emission guidelines require reductions in CO2 emissions from existing coal-fired generating units which plan to operate beyond January 1, 2032 and exempts coal-fired units which plan to permanently cease operations prior to this date. Due to Entergy’s intention to cease burning coal by the end of 2030, Entergy’s coal-fired generating units are expected to be exempt from this aspect of the final rule. The emission guidelines also include CO2 efficiency standards for existing gas-fired steam EGUs. These emission standards will apply beginning January 1, 2030. Entergy’s existing gas-fired steam generating units are expected to meet these CO2 emission standards. The EPA did not finalize emission guidelines for existing gas turbine EGUs and has announced plans to conduct a subsequent rulemaking for such units. Numerous lawsuits were filed in the D.C. Circuit challenging the final rule, and oral argument was held in December 2024. In June 2025 the EPA released a rule proposing to repeal the May 2024 rule in its entirety, or alternatively, to repeal (1) the Phase 2 standard requiring carbon capture and sequestration for new combustion turbines because it is not an adequately demonstrated technology and (2) the standards for existing coal and gas units. Thus, under the proposed alternative proposal, the only standards that would remain are the Phase 1 standards for new gas combustion turbines. Entergy continues to monitor the status of the EPA’s efforts to repeal the May 2024 rule, with a final rule expected in early 2026.

In February 2026, the EPA announced the repeal of its 2009 Greenhouse Gas Endangerment Finding, a regulatory determination that provided foundation for the EPA's regulation of greenhouse gas emissions from new motor vehicles and new motor vehicle engines. This final action does not immediately or directly impact greenhouse gas emission regulations applicable to Entergy’s operations, including the May 2024 Section 111 rule. Entergy is staying apprised of developments associated with this repeal of federal greenhouse gas regulation and cannot predict the impact of such repeal.

Entergy continues to support national legislation that would most efficiently reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas emissions and increase planning certainty for electric utilities. Over the past 25 years, Entergy has set and achieved multiple goals to stabilize or reduce its carbon dioxide emissions. During the period of 2019-2022, Entergy established its most recent goals: (1) a 50% reduction in carbon dioxide emission intensity from owned generation and purchased power, relative to a 2000 baseline, by 2030; (2) 50% carbon-free energy generating capacity by 2030; and (3) a commitment to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.

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As a result of recent sales growth, necessitating the development of new generation capacity that is not carbon-free, combined with changes to the tax credits applicable to carbon-free generation, Entergy can now forecast that it will not achieve either of the 2030 goals. Further, Entergy will not at this time establish new or modified interim (i.e., pre-2050) carbon dioxide-only or greenhouse gas emission goals. Entergy is currently maintaining a goal of achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. As Entergy has communicated in various forums, its clean energy and carbon-reducing generation initiatives will be customer-led. Also, Entergy recognizes and has communicated that carbon capture and storage is a technology that Entergy is well positioned to deploy in the future as an element of a net zero emissions strategy. Entergy plans to pursue carbon capture and storage on new combined cycle generation when feasible and supported by customer demand. Carbon capture and storage, while offering the potential to meet customers’ long-term clean energy demands, is not carbon-free nor will it be deployed in the immediate term. See “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A for discussion of the risks associated with pursuing voluntary climate goals.

Coal Combustion Residuals

In April 2015 the EPA published the final coal combustion residuals (CCR) rule (2015 CCR Rule) regulating CCRs destined for disposal in landfills or surface impoundments as non-hazardous wastes regulated under Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Subtitle D. The final regulations created new compliance requirements including modified storage, new notification and reporting practices, product disposal considerations, and CCR unit closure criteria but excluded CCRs that are beneficially reused in certain processes. Entergy believes that on-site disposal options will be available at its facilities, to the extent needed.

Monitoring to date has detected concentrations of certain listed constituents in the area but has not indicated that these constituents originated at the active landfill cells. Reporting and detection monitoring will continue as the rule requires. In late-2017, Entergy determined that certain in-ground wastewater treatment system recycle ponds at its White Bluff and Independence facilities required management under the 2015 CCR Rule. Consequently, in order to move away from using the recycle ponds, White Bluff and Independence each installed a new permanent bottom ash handling system. As of November 2020, both sites are operating the new system and are no longer sending waste to the recycle ponds. Each site commenced closure of its two recycle ponds (four ponds total) prior to the April 11, 2021 deadline for unlined recycle ponds and the ponds were certified closed in October 2023.

In May 2024 the EPA finalized a rule (2024 CCR Rule) establishing management standards for legacy CCR surface impoundments (i.e., inactive surface impoundments at inactive power plants) and establishing a new class of units referred to as CCR management units (CCRMUs) (i.e., non-containerized CCR located at a regulated CCR facility). CCR utilized in roadbeds and embankments is excluded from the CCRMU definition. Under this expanded rule, all facilities must identify and delineate any CCRMU greater than one ton and submit a facility evaluation report by February 2026. Any potential requirements for corrective action or operational changes under the 2015 CCR Rule and the 2024 CCR Rule continue to be assessed. Notably, ongoing litigation has resulted in the EPA’s continuing review of the rules. Additionally, in March 2025 as part of its deregulatory agenda, the EPA announced that it was evaluating whether to extend the compliance deadlines under the 2024 CCR Rule, and in July 2025 the EPA published a proposal to extend various deadlines, including the facility evaluation report deadline by one year, until February 2027. Consequently, the nature and cost of additional corrective action requirements may depend, in part, on the outcome of the litigation and further EPA review. Given the complexity and recency of the EPA guidance, Entergy is still evaluating the level of work that will ultimately be required to comply with the 2024 CCR Rule. Based on initial estimates of multiple possible remediation scenarios, Entergy recorded in 2024 a $42 million increase in its decommissioning cost liabilities for White Bluff and Independence, along with corresponding increases in the related asset retirement cost assets that will be depreciated over the remaining useful lives of the unit. Entergy will continue to update the asset retirement obligation as the

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requirements of the 2024 CCR Rule are clarified. As of December 31, 2025, Entergy has recorded asset retirement obligations related to CCR management of $69 million. Additionally, all three sites (White Bluff, Independence, and Nelson) are preparing to implement measures to meet the new and updated Effluent Limitation Guidelines discussed below.

Effluent Limitation Guidelines (ELG)

The 2015 Steam Electric Effluent Limitations Guidelines required, among other things, that there be no discharge of bottom ash transport water. In 2020 the EPA finalized the Reconsideration Rule, allowing limited discharges of bottom ash transport water up to 10% of system volume, under certain defined circumstances including significant (10-year, 24-hour) rain events. The 2020 rule also created a subcategory for units that permanently cease coal combustion by December 31, 2028. Entergy’s White Bluff facility filed a notice of planned participation for this subcategory in October 2021. In May 2024 the EPA finalized a supplemental rule that retains the “retirement by 2028” subcategory, creates a new “retirement by 2034” subcategory, otherwise reinstates the zero-discharge requirement for bottom ash transport water, and imposes new requirements for leachate after the facility ceases to burn coal. Thus, units which permanently cease combustion of coal by December 31, 2028 or December 31, 2034 are exempt from the zero-discharge requirement. However, for units in the 2034 subcategory, the 10% discharge allowance must be incorporated into the facility’s discharge permit. In December 2025, Entergy Arkansas submitted a Notice of Planned Participation to opt into this 2034 subcategory under the 2024 ELG rule. To help ensure facilities cease combustion of coal by the required subcategory 2028 and 2034 dates, zero discharge of bottom ash transport water is required after April 30, 2029 and April 30, 2035, respectively. In October 2025, as part of its deregulatory agenda, the EPA issued proposed revisions to the ELG rule extending existing compliance deadlines and adding compliance flexibilities. The EPA finalized this proposal on December 31, 2025 with an effective date of March 2, 2026. Entergy is evaluating the impacts from these changes to the ELG rule.

Potential Legislative and Regulatory Developments

In addition to the specific instances described above, there are a number of legislative and regulatory initiatives that are or have recently been under consideration at the federal, state, and local level. Because of the nature of Entergy’s business, the imposition of any of these initiatives could affect Entergy’s operations. Entergy continues to monitor these initiatives and activities in order to analyze their potential operational and cost implications. These initiatives have included:

•reconsideration and revision of ambient air quality standards downward which could lead to additional areas of nonattainment;

•designation by the EPA and state environmental agencies of areas that are not in attainment with national ambient air quality standards;

•introduction of bills in Congress and development of regulations by the EPA proposing further limits on SO2, mercury, carbon dioxide, and other air emissions. New legislation or regulations applicable to stationary sources could take the form of market-based cap-and-trade programs, direct requirements for the installation of air emission controls onto air emission sources, or other or combined regulatory programs;

•efforts in Congress or at the EPA to establish a federal carbon dioxide emission tax, control structure, or unit performance standards;

•revisions to the estimates of the Social Cost of Carbon and its use for regulatory impact analysis of federal laws and regulations;

•implementation of the regional cap and trade programs to limit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases;

•efforts on the local, state, and federal level to codify renewable portfolio standards, clean energy standards, or a similar mechanism requiring utilities to produce or purchase a certain percentage of their power from defined renewable energy sources or energy sources with lower emissions;

•efforts to develop more stringent state water quality standards, effluent limitations for Entergy’s industry sector, stormwater runoff control regulations, and cooling water intake structure requirements;

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•efforts to restrict the previously-approved continued use of oil-filled equipment containing certain levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and increased regulation of per- and polyfluorinated substances or other chemicals;

•efforts by certain external groups to encourage reporting and disclosure of environmental, social, and governance risk;

•efforts by state agencies to start new regulatory programs or acquire primacy of federal programs;

•the listing of additional species as threatened or endangered, the protection of critical habitat for these species, and developments in the legal protection of eagles and migratory birds;

•the regulation of the management, disposal, and beneficial reuse of coal combustion residuals; and

•the regulation of the management and disposal and recycling of equipment associated with renewable and clean energy sources such as used solar panels, wind turbine blades, hydrogen usage, or battery storage.

Other Environmental Matters

Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy Texas

The EPA notified Entergy that the EPA believes Entergy is a potentially responsible party (PRP) concerning PCB contamination at the F.J. Doyle Salvage facility in Leonard, Texas. The facility operated as a scrap salvage business during the 1970s to the 1990s. In May 2018 the EPA investigated the site surface and sub-surface soils, and in November 2018 the EPA conducted a removal action, including disposal of PCB contaminated soils. Entergy responded to the EPA’s information requests in May and July 2019. In November 2020 the EPA sent Entergy and other PRPs a demand letter seeking reimbursement for response costs totaling $4 million expended at the site. In December 2020, Entergy responded to the demand letter, without admitting liability or waiving any rights, indicating that it would engage in good faith negotiations with the EPA with respect to the demand.

Litigation

Entergy and its subsidiaries use legal and appropriate means to contest litigation threatened or filed against them, but the states in which Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries operate have proven to be unusually litigious environments. Judges and juries in these states have demonstrated a willingness to grant large verdicts, including punitive damages, to plaintiffs in personal injury, property damage, and business tort cases. The litigation environment in these states poses a significant business risk to Entergy.

Asbestos Litigation (Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Texas)

See Note 8 to the financial statements for a discussion of this litigation.

Employment and Labor-related Proceedings (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

See Note 8 to the financial statements for a discussion of these proceedings.

Dorrell, et al. v. Constellation Energy, et al. Antitrust Class Action Litigation

On July 11, 2025, an antitrust class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Maryland on behalf of a putative class against Entergy Corporation, 26 other entities alleged to own and/or operate commercial nuclear power plants in the United States (together with Entergy Corporation, the “nuclear defendants”), and two consulting companies. The class action complaint purports to be brought on behalf of all persons employed in nuclear power generation by the nuclear defendants and their subsidiaries and related entities in the United States from May 1, 2003 to the present. The plaintiffs primarily allege that the nuclear defendants,

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together with the consulting company defendants, violated Section 1 of the Sherman Act, 15 U.S. Code Chapter 1 by conspiring to suppress compensation and exchange collective bargaining agreement and wage information through a trade group, a consulting firm, and direct communications, including while in attendance at conferences, from May 2003 to the present. The plaintiffs are seeking unspecified monetary damages, including treble damages, interest, injunctive relief, attorney’s fees, and costs. In December 2025 the defendants filed a motion to dismiss.

Human Capital

Employees

Employees are an integral part of Entergy’s commitment to serving customers. As of December 31, 2025, Entergy subsidiaries employed 12,233 people.

There are 3,071 employees represented by the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, the United Government Security Officers of America, and the International Union, Security, Police, and Fire Professionals of America.

Entergy’s Approach to Human Resources

Entergy’s people and culture enable its success; that is why acquiring, retaining, and developing talent are important components of Entergy’s human resources strategy. Entergy’s approach to human capital management focuses on the employee experience and includes, among other things, governance and oversight; safety; organizational health, including inclusion and belonging; and talent management.

Governance and Oversight

Ensuring that workplace processes support the desired culture and strategy begins with the Board of Directors and the Office of the Chief Executive. The Talent and Compensation Committee is responsible for overseeing and monitoring the effectiveness of Entergy’s human capital strategies and initiatives, including those pertaining to talent management; organizational health and employee experience, including inclusion and belonging; retention and succession planning; safety; and executive compensation and performance, and receives briefings on these and other topics. The Talent and Compensation Committee establishes and regularly reviews priorities, strategies, and performance on these topics.

Other committees of the Board oversee other key aspects of Entergy’s culture. For example, the Audit Committee reviews reports on enterprise risks, ethics, and compliance training and performance, as well as regular reports on calls made to Entergy’s ethics line and related investigations. To maximize the sharing of information

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and facilitate the participation of all Board members in these discussions, the Board schedules its regular committee meetings in a manner such that all directors can attend.

Safety

Entergy’s safety objective is: Everyone Safe. All Day. Every Day. In 2025, Entergy continued its strong safety performance by achieving a recordable injury rate of 0.46 which is top quartile in the utility industry. In 2024, Entergy set a record for its total recordable incident rate, reaching a new low of 0.41 combined employee and contractor results. This was a significant improvement on Entergy’s performance of 0.49 in 2023. The recordable incident rate equals the number of recordable incidents per 100 full-time equivalents. Recordable incidents include fatalities, lost-time accidents, restricted-duty accidents, and medical attentions. In 2025, Entergy saw a reduction in serious injuries by over 30% and returned to operating without an employee or contractor fatality. In order to drive continued improvement, Entergy has developed a data-driven, enterprise-wide safety strategy that focuses on leadership training, front line employee-led improvement plans, and a proactive focus on risk management.

Organizational Health

Entergy believes that organizational health fosters an engaged and productive culture that positions Entergy to deliver sustainable value to its stakeholders. Since initially administering the survey in 2014, Entergy improved from an initial score of 49 (fourth quartile) to a score in 2023 of 62 (third quartile), in 2024 of 65 (third quartile), and in 2025 of 69 (third quartile).

Entergy believes that creating a culture of inclusion and belonging promotes the employee experience and drives engagement for all employees. Entergy’s human resources department focuses on, among other things, talent management, workforce development, talent attraction/pipeline development, retention, organizational health, and inclusion and belonging. Among other strategies, Entergy partners with colleges and vocational-technical schools to develop a more viable pipeline of future talent, while also expanding efforts to increase employee engagement and cultivate an inclusive culture with high performance. Entergy has several employee resource groups, open to all employees, offers leadership development programs to support all employees, and facilitates skills training from the executive leadership ranks down to the frontline. Through these efforts, Entergy aspires to create greater understanding and accountability regarding the behaviors and outcomes that are indicative of a premier utility.

Talent Management

Entergy’s focus on talent management is organized in three areas: developing and attracting a highly qualified workforce with a broad range of backgrounds, skill sets, and experiences; equipping its leaders to develop the organization; and building premier utility capability through employee performance management and succession programs. The focus of Entergy’s leadership development programs is to equip managers with the skills needed to effectively develop their teams and improve the leader-employee relationship. Entergy’s talent development infrastructure, which includes a combination of business function-specific and enterprise-wide learning and development programs, is designed to ensure Entergy has qualified employees with the skills, experiences, and behaviors needed to perform today and prepare for the future. Entergy strives to achieve its strategic priorities by aligning and

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enhancing team and individual performance with business objectives, effectively deploying talent through succession planning, and managing workforce transitions.

Availability of SEC filings and other information on Entergy’s website

Entergy electronically files reports with the SEC, including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements, and amendments to such filings.sec.gov. Copies of the reports that Entergy files with the SEC can be obtained at the SEC’s website.

Entergy uses its website, https://www.entergy.com, as a routine channel for distribution of important information, including news releases, analyst presentations, and financial information. Filings made with the SEC are posted and available without charge on Entergy’s website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Notwithstanding this reference or any references to the website in this report, the contents of the website are not incorporated into this report.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

See “RISK FACTORS SUMMARY” in Part I, Item 1 for a summary of Entergy’s and the Registrant Subsidiaries’ risk factors.

Investors should review carefully the following risk factors and the other information in this Form 10-K. The risks that Entergy faces are not limited to those in this section. There may be additional risks and uncertainties (either currently unknown or not currently believed to be material) that could adversely affect Entergy’s business, financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity. See “FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION.”

Utility Regulatory Risks

(Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

The terms and conditions of service, including electric rates, of the Utility operating companies and System Energy are determined through regulatory approval proceedings that can be lengthy and subject to appeal, potentially resulting in delays in effecting rate changes, lengthy litigation, the risk of disallowance of recovery of certain costs, and uncertainty as to ultimate results.

The Utility operating companies are regulated on a cost-of-service and rate of return basis and are subject to statutes and regulatory commission rules and procedures. The rates that the Utility operating companies and System Energy charge reflect their capital expenditures, operations and maintenance costs, allowed rates of return, financing costs, and related costs of service. These rates significantly influence the financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity of Entergy and each of the Utility operating companies and System Energy. These rates are determined in regulatory proceedings and are subject to periodic regulatory review and adjustment, including adjustment upon the initiative of a regulator or, in some cases, affected stakeholders. Regulators in a future rate proceeding may alter the timing or amount of certain costs for which recovery is allowed or modify the current authorized rate of return. Rate refunds may also be required, subject to applicable law.

In addition, regulators have initiated and may initiate additional proceedings to investigate the prudence of costs in the Utility operating companies’ and System Energy’s base rates and examine, among other things, the reasonableness or prudence of the companies’ operation and maintenance practices, level of expenditures (including storm costs and costs associated with capital projects), allowed rates of return and rate base, proposed resource acquisitions, and previously incurred capital expenditures that the operating companies seek to place in rates. The regulators may disallow costs subject to their jurisdiction found not to have been prudently incurred or found not to have been incurred in compliance with applicable tariffs, creating some risk to the ultimate recovery of those costs. Regulatory proceedings relating to rates and other matters typically involve multiple parties seeking to limit or reduce rates. Traditional base rate proceedings, as opposed to formula rate plans, generally have long timelines, are primarily based on historical costs, and may or may not be limited in scope or duration by statute. The length of these base rate proceedings can cause the Utility operating companies and System Energy to experience regulatory lag in recovering costs through rates, such that the Utility operating companies may not fully recover all costs during the rate effective period and may, therefore, earn less than their allowed returns. Decisions are typically subject to appeal, potentially leading to additional uncertainty associated with rate case proceedings. For a discussion of such appeals and related litigation for both the Utility operating companies and System Energy, see Note 2 to the financial statements.

The Utility operating companies have large customer and stakeholder bases and, as a result, could be the subject of public criticism or adverse publicity focused on issues including, but not limited to, efforts to obtain land and secure permits for infrastructure, efforts to execute on and/or obtain regulatory approvals for generation, transmission, carbon capture and storage, or other facilities, including, but not limited to, any such facilities that are

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intended to support load growth to the system associated with large-scale data centers, the operation and maintenance of their assets and infrastructure, including with respect to climate or environmental matters, their preparedness for major storms or other extreme weather events (including accelerated resilience plans and projects, as well as executing same and/or seeking and obtaining regulatory approvals for such plans and projects) and/or the time it takes to restore service after such events, the quality of their customer service, including timely and accurate billing practices and ability to resolve customer complaints, and the reasonableness of the cost of their service.

The Utility operating companies and System Energy, and the energy industry as a whole, have experienced a period of rising costs and investments. Significant increases in costs associated with capital investments have occurred and could in the future increase financing needs and otherwise adversely affect Entergy, the Utility operating companies, and System Energy’s business, financial position, results of operation, or cash flows. For information regarding rate case proceedings and formula rate plans applicable to the Utility operating companies, see Note 2 to the financial statements.

If legislative and regulatory structures evolve in a manner that erodes the Utility operating companies’ exclusive rights to serve their regulated customers, such as through “retail open access” or otherwise, they could lose customers and sales and their results of operations, financial position, or cash flows could be materially affected. Additionally, technological advances in energy efficiency and distributed energy resources are reducing the costs of these technologies and, together with current state and federal subsidies, the increasing penetration of these technologies could result in reduced sales by the Utility operating companies. Such loss of sales, due to the methodology used to determine cost of service rates or otherwise, could put upward pressure on rates, possibly resulting in adverse regulatory actions to mitigate such effects on rates. Further, the failure of regulatory structures to evolve to accommodate the changing needs and desires of customers with respect to the sourcing and use of electricity also could diminish sales by the operating companies.

The Utility operating companies recover fuel, purchased power, and associated costs through rate mechanisms that are subject to risks of delay or disallowance in regulatory proceedings, and sudden or

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prolonged increases in fuel and purchased power costs could lead to increased customer arrearages or bad debt expenses.

The Utility operating companies recover their fuel, purchased power, and associated costs from their customers through rate mechanisms subject to periodic regulatory review and adjustment. Regulators also may initiate proceedings to investigate the continued usage or the adequacy and operation of the fuel and purchased power recovery clauses of the Utility operating companies and, therefore, there can be no assurance that existing recovery mechanisms will remain unchanged or in effect at all.

The Utility operating companies’ cash flows can be negatively affected by the time delays between when gas, power, or other commodities are purchased and the ultimate recovery from customers of the costs in rates. On occasion, when the level of incurred costs for fuel and purchased power rises dramatically, some of the Utility operating companies may agree to defer recovery of a portion of that period’s fuel and purchased power costs for recovery at a later date, which could increase the near-term working capital and borrowing requirements of those companies. For a description of fuel and purchased power recovery mechanisms and information regarding the regulatory proceedings for fuel and purchased power cost recovery, see Note 2 to the financial statements.

The Utility operating companies are subject to economic risks associated with participation in the MISO markets and the allocation of transmission upgrade costs. The operation of the Utility operating companies’ transmission system pursuant to the MISO RTO tariff and their participation in the MISO RTO’s wholesale markets may be adversely affected by regulatory or market design changes, as well as liability under, or any future inability to comply with, existing or future regulations or requirements.

The Utility operating companies are subject to economic risks associated with participation in the MISO markets and resource adequacy construct. MISO tariff rules and system conditions, including transmission congestion, could affect the Utility operating companies’ ability to sell capacity, energy, and/or ancillary services in certain regions and/or the economic value of such sales, or increase the cost of serving the Utility operating companies’ respective loads. MISO market rules may change or be interpreted in ways that cause additional cost and risk, including compliance risk.

The Utility operating companies participate in the MISO regional transmission planning process and are subject to risks associated with planning decisions that MISO makes in the exercise of control over the planning of the Utility operating companies’ transmission assets that are under MISO’s functional control. In addition to the cash and financing-related risks

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arising from the potential additional cost allocation to the Utility operating companies from transmission projects of others or changes in FERC policies or regulation related to cost responsibility for transmission projects (including, but not limited to, transmission projects that are intended to serve new large-scale data centers), there is a risk that the Utility operating companies’ business and financial position could be harmed as a result of lost investment opportunities and other effects that flow from an increased number of competitive and large-scale projects being approved and constructed that are interconnected with their transmission systems, as well as the risk associated with the large investment in serving an increasing number of customers concentrated in the data center industry.

Further, the terms and conditions of the MISO tariff, including provisions related to the design and implementation of wholesale markets, the allocation of transmission upgrade costs, the MISO-wide allowed base rate of return on equity, and any required MISO-related charges and credits are subject to regulation by the FERC.

The MISO tariff provisions governing the rights and obligations associated with the resource adequacy construct provided under the MISO tariff are subject to change and have recently undergone significant changes, some of which are the subject of pending litigation and/or appeals. Due to their magnitude and, with respect to the changes already made, the speed with which they have been implemented, these changes carry risk, including compliance risk, and may result in material additional costs being passed through to the Utility operating companies’ customers in retail rates, including but not limited to additional capacity costs incurred in the annual MISO Planning Resource Auction, and these risks may be exacerbated by significant new load additions, including large-scale projects to serve data centers, whether by the Utility operating companies or by other MISO load-serving entities. Also, by virtue of the Utility operating companies’ participation in MISO and the design and terms of the MISO resource adequacy construct, other load-serving entities served by the Utility operating companies’ transmission assets, which are under MISO’s functional control, may be able to circumvent reasonable resource planning obligations and avoid, in whole or in part, the full cost of procuring the resources reasonably needed to reliably supply their respective loads.

Due to the resources and time required to study and evaluate these numerous interconnection requests, including the effects of speculative requests and requests that are withdrawn at late stages of the process, the current MISO interconnection queue to review new requests is subject to significant delays or periods in which MISO does not accept new interconnection requests. Moreover, MISO’s recently revised collateral and financial requirements for generation interconnections are stricter with larger initial financial obligations. In addition, they carry greater financial penalties and requirements tied directly to project readiness and speed.

For additional information on MISO regulation and the Utility operating companies’ membership in MISO, see “Federal Regulation of the Utility – Transmission and MISO Markets” section of Part I, Item 1.

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(Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Texas)

A delay or failure in recovering amounts for storm restoration costs incurred as a result of severe weather, the impact on customer bills of permitted storm cost recovery, or the inability to securitize future storm restoration costs could have material effects on Entergy and its Utility operating companies.

Entergy’s and its Utility operating companies’ results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition can be materially affected by the destructive effects of severe weather. Severe weather can also result in significant outages for the customers of the Utility operating companies and, therefore, reduced revenues for the Utility operating companies during the period of the outages. The inability to recover losses either excluded by insurance or in excess of the insurance limits that can be secured economically also could have a material effect on Entergy and its Utility operating companies.

Weather, economic conditions, technological developments, and other factors may have a material impact on electricity sales and otherwise materially affect the Utility operating companies’ results of operations and system reliability.

Temperatures above normal levels in the summer tend to increase electric cooling demand and revenues, and temperatures below normal levels in the winter tend to increase electric heating demand and revenues. As a corollary, mild temperatures in either season tend to decrease energy usage and resulting revenues. Higher consumption levels coupled with seasonal pricing differentials typically cause the Utility operating companies to report higher revenues in the third quarter of the fiscal year than in the other quarters. Changing weather patterns and extreme weather conditions, including hurricanes or tropical storms, droughts, wildfires, flooding events, or ice storms, the frequency or intensity of which may be exacerbated by climate change, may stress the Utility operating companies’ generation facilities and transmission and distribution systems, resulting in increased maintenance and capital costs (and potential increased financing needs), limits on their ability to meet peak customer demand, increased regulatory oversight, criticism or adverse publicity, and reduced customer satisfaction. These extreme conditions could have a material effect on the Utility operating companies’ financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity.

Some of these factors are inherently cyclical or temporary in nature, such as the weather or economic conditions, and typically do not have a long-lasting effect on Entergy’s operating results. Others, such as the organic turnover of appliances and lighting and their replacement with more efficient ones and adoption of newer technologies, including smart thermostats,

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new building codes, distributed energy resources, energy storage, demand side management, and rooftop solar, are adversely affecting sales growth rates on a more permanent basis.

The Utility operating companies also may face competition from other companies offering products and services to Entergy’s customers. Advances in technology and changes in laws or regulations offer alternative methods of producing and/or consuming energy, some potentially at a reduced cost.

Negative changes in any of these or other factors, particularly sustained economic downturns or sluggishness, have the potential to result in slower sales growth or sales declines and increased bad debt expense, which could materially affect Entergy’s and the Utility operating companies’ results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.

This could occur because of changes in customers’ goals or business priorities, changes in environmental policies and priorities of federal, state, and local officials and other stakeholders, competition from other companies, or decisions by such customers to seek to achieve such objectives or goals through methods not offered by Entergy.

Nuclear Operating, Shutdown, and Regulatory Risks

(Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy)

Certain of the Utility operating companies and System Energy are expected to consistently operate their nuclear power plants at high capacity factors in order to be successful, and lower capacity factors could materially affect Entergy’s and their results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.

Nuclear capacity factors significantly affect the results of operations of certain Utility operating companies and System Energy. Nuclear plant operations involve substantial fixed operating costs. Consequently, there is pressure on plant owners to operate nuclear power plants at higher capacity factors, though such operations always must be consistent with safety, reliability, and nuclear regulatory requirements. For the Utility operating companies that own nuclear plants, lower nuclear plant capacity factors can increase production costs by requiring the affected companies to generate additional energy, sometimes at higher costs, from their owned or contractually controlled facilities or purchase additional energy in the spot or forward markets in order to satisfy their supply needs.

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Certain of the Utility operating companies and System Energy periodically shut down their nuclear power plants to replenish fuel. Plant maintenance and upgrades are often scheduled during such refueling outages. If refueling outages last longer than anticipated or if unplanned outages arise, Entergy’s and their results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity could be materially affected.

Outages at nuclear power plants to replenish fuel require the plant to be “turned off.” Refueling outages generally are planned to occur once every 18 to 24 months. Plant maintenance and upgrades are often scheduled during such planned outages, which may extend the planned outage duration beyond that required for only refueling activities. When refueling outages last longer than anticipated or a plant experiences unplanned outages, capacity factors decrease, and maintenance costs may increase.

These risks could materially affect Entergy’s and their results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.

Based upon currently planned fuel cycles, Entergy’s nuclear units have a diversified portfolio of contracts and inventory that provides substantially adequate nuclear fuel materials and conversion and enrichment services at what Entergy believes are reasonably predictable prices through the end of 2029. Entergy’s ability to purchase nuclear fuel at reasonably predictable prices, however, depends upon the performance reliability of uranium miners. While there are a number of possible alternate suppliers that may be accessed to mitigate any supplier performance failure, the pricing of any such alternate uranium supply from the market will be dependent upon the market for uranium supply at that time. Entergy buys uranium from a diversified mix of sellers located in a diversified mix of countries, and from time to time purchases from nearly all qualified reliable major market participants worldwide that sell into the U.S. Market prices for nuclear fuel have been extremely volatile from time to time in the past and may be subject to increased volatility due to the imposition of tariffs, domestic purchase requirements, supply chain disruptions, limitations or bans on importation of uranium or uranium products from foreign countries, evolving geopolitical conditions such as the wars between Russia and Ukraine and Israel and Hamas, the Nigerien coup, or shifting trade arrangements or sanctions between countries.

Entergy’s ability to assure uninterrupted nuclear fuel supply also depends upon the performance and reliability of conversion, enrichment, and fabrication services providers. These service providers are fewer in number than uranium suppliers. For conversion and enrichment services, Entergy diversifies its supply by supplier and country and may take special measures to ensure a reliable supply of enriched uranium for fabrication into nuclear fuel. For fabrication services, each plant is dependent upon the performance of the fabricator of that plant’s nuclear fuel; therefore, Entergy relies upon additional monitoring, inspection, and oversight of the fabrication process to assure reliability and quality of its nuclear fuel. While such suppliers have performed as expected to date, the future inability of suppliers to perform such obligations could materially affect the liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations of certain of the Utility operating companies and System Energy.

Certain of the Utility operating companies and System Energy face the risk that the NRC will change or modify its regulations, suspend or revoke their licenses, or increase oversight of their nuclear plants, which could materially affect Entergy’s and their results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.

Under the Atomic Energy Act and Energy Reorganization Act, the NRC regulates the operation of nuclear power plants. The NRC may modify, suspend, or revoke licenses, shut down a nuclear facility and impose civil

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penalties for failure to comply with the Atomic Energy Act, related regulations, or the terms of the licenses for nuclear facilities. Interested parties may also intervene in pending proceedings, which could result in prolonged proceedings. A change in the Atomic Energy Act, other applicable statutes, or the applicable regulations or licenses, or the NRC’s interpretation thereof, may require a substantial increase in capital expenditures or may result in increased operating or decommissioning costs and could materially affect the results of operations, liquidity, or financial condition of Entergy, certain of the Utility operating companies, or System Energy. A change in the classification of a plant owned by one of these companies under the NRC’s Reactor Oversight Process, which is the NRC’s program to collect information about plant performance, assess the information for its safety significance, and provide for appropriate licensee and NRC response, also could cause the owner of the plant to incur material additional costs as a result of the increased oversight activity and potential response costs associated with the change in classification. For additional information concerning the current classification of the plants owned by Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy, see “Regulation of Entergy’s Business - Regulation of the Nuclear Power Industry - NRC Reactor Oversight Process” in Part I, Item 1.

Events at nuclear plants owned by one of these companies, as well as those owned by others, may lead to a change in laws or regulations or the terms of the applicable licenses, or the NRC’s interpretation thereof, or may cause the NRC to increase oversight activity or initiate actions to modify, suspend, or revoke licenses, shut down a nuclear facility, or impose civil penalties. As a result, if an incident were to occur at any nuclear generating unit, whether an Entergy nuclear generating unit or not, it could materially affect the financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity of Entergy, certain of the Utility operating companies, or System Energy.

The nuclear generating units owned by certain of the Utility operating companies and System Energy began commercial operations in the 1970s-1980s. Older equipment may require more capital expenditures to keep each of these nuclear power plants operating safely and efficiently. This equipment is also likely to require periodic upgrading and improvement. Any unexpected failure, including failure associated with breakdowns, forced outages, or any unanticipated capital expenditures, could result in increased costs, some of which costs may not be fully recoverable by these Utility operating companies and System Energy in regulatory proceedings should there be a determination of imprudence. Operations at any of the nuclear generating units owned and operated by Entergy’s subsidiaries could degrade to the point where the affected unit needs to be shut down or operated at less than full capacity. If this were to happen, identifying and correcting the causes may require significant time and expense. A decision may be made to close a unit rather than incur the expense of restarting it or returning the unit to full capacity. For these Utility operating companies and System Energy, this could result in certain costs being stranded and potentially not fully recoverable in regulatory proceedings. In addition, the operation and maintenance of Entergy’s nuclear facilities require the commitment of substantial human resources that can result in increased costs.

Moreover, Entergy is becoming more dependent on fewer suppliers for key parts of Entergy’s nuclear power plants that may need to be replaced or refurbished, and in some cases, parts are no longer available and have to be reverse-engineered for replacement. In addition, certain major parts have long lead-times to manufacture if an unplanned replacement is needed. This dependence on a reduced number of suppliers and long lead-times on certain major parts for unplanned replacements could result in delays in obtaining qualified replacement parts and, therefore, greater expense for certain of the Utility operating companies and System Energy.

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The costs associated with the storage of the spent nuclear fuel of certain of the Utility operating companies and System Energy, as well as the costs of and their ability to fully decommission their nuclear power plants, could be significantly affected by the timing of the opening of a spent nuclear fuel disposal facility, as well as interim storage and transportation requirements.

Certain of the Utility operating companies and System Energy incur costs for the on-site storage of spent nuclear fuel. The approval of a license for a national repository for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel, such as the one proposed for Yucca Mountain, Nevada, or any interim storage facility, and the timing of such facility opening, will significantly affect the costs associated with on-site storage of spent nuclear fuel. For example, while the DOE is required by law to proceed with the licensing of the Yucca Mountain repository and, after the license is granted by the NRC, to construct the repository and commence the receipt of spent fuel, the NRC licensing of the Yucca Mountain repository is effectively at a standstill. These actions are prolonging the time before spent fuel is removed from Entergy’s plant sites. Furthermore, Entergy is uncertain as to when the DOE will commence acceptance of spent fuel from its facilities for storage or disposal. As a result, continuing future expenditures will be required to increase spent fuel storage capacity at the companies’ nuclear sites and maintenance costs on existing storage facilities, including aging management of fuel storage casks, may increase. The costs of on-site storage are also affected by regulatory requirements for such storage. In addition, the availability of a repository or other off-site storage facility for spent nuclear fuel may affect the ability to fully decommission the nuclear units and the costs relating to decommissioning. For further information regarding spent fuel storage, see the “Critical Accounting Estimates – Nuclear Decommissioning Costs – Spent Fuel Disposal” section of Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for Entergy, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy and Note 8 to the financial statements.

Certain of the Utility operating companies and System Energy may be required to pay substantial retrospective premiums imposed under the Price-Anderson Act and/or by Nuclear Electric Insurance Limited (NEIL) in the event of a nuclear incident, and losses not covered by insurance could have a material effect on Entergy’s and their results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity.

Accidents and other unforeseen problems at nuclear power plants have occurred both in the United States and elsewhere. As required by the Price-Anderson Act, the Utility operating companies and System Energy carry the maximum available amount of primary nuclear off-site liability insurance with American Nuclear Insurers, which is $500 million for each operating site. Claims for any nuclear incident exceeding that amount are covered under Secondary Financial Protection. The Price-Anderson Act limits each reactor owner’s public liability (off-site) for a single nuclear incident to the payment of retrospective premiums into a secondary insurance pool, which is referred to as Secondary Financial Protection, up to approximately $165.9 million per reactor. With 95 reactors currently participating, this translates to a total public liability cap of approximately $15.8 billion per incident. The limit is subject to change to account for the effects of inflation, a change in the primary limit of insurance coverage, and changes in the number of licensed reactors. As a result, in the event of a nuclear incident that causes damages (off-site) in excess of the primary insurance coverage, each owner of a nuclear plant reactor, including Entergy’s Utility operating companies and System Energy, regardless of fault or proximity to the incident, will be required to pay a retrospective premium, equal to its proportionate share of the loss in excess of the primary insurance level, up to a maximum of approximately $165.9 million per reactor per incident (Entergy’s maximum total contingent obligation per incident is approximately $830 million). The retrospective premium payment is currently limited to approximately $25 million per year per incident per reactor until the aggregate public liability for each licensee is paid up to the $165.9 million cap.

NEIL is a utility industry mutual insurance company, owned by its members, including the Utility operating companies and System Energy. NEIL provides onsite property and decontamination coverage. All member plants could be subject to an annual assessment (retrospective premium of up to 10 times current annual premium for all

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policies) should the NEIL surplus (reserve) be significantly depleted due to insured losses. The current maximum annual assessment amounts total approximately $76.1 million per occurrence for the Utility nuclear plants. The retrospective premium assessments are subject to change based on results of NEIL underwriting.

As mentioned above, as an owner of nuclear power plants, Entergy participates in industry self-insurance programs and could be liable to fund claims should a plant owned by a different company experience a major event. Any resulting liability from a nuclear accident may exceed the applicable primary insurance coverage and require contribution of additional funds through the industry-wide program that could significantly affect the results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity of Entergy, certain of the Utility operating companies, or System Energy.

Owners of nuclear generating plants have an obligation to decommission those plants. Certain of the Utility operating companies and System Energy maintain decommissioning trust funds for this purpose. Certain of the Utility operating companies and System Energy collect funds from their customers, which are deposited into the trusts covering the units operated for or on behalf of those companies. Those rate collections, as adjusted from time to time by rate regulators, are generally based upon operating license lives and trust fund balances as well as estimated trust fund earnings and decommissioning costs. Assets in these trust funds are subject to market fluctuations, will yield uncertain returns that may fall below projected return rates, and may result in losses resulting from the recognition of impairments of the value of certain securities held in these trust funds.

Under NRC regulations, nuclear plant owners are permitted to project the NRC-required decommissioning amount, based on an NRC formula or a site-specific estimate, and the amount that will be available in each nuclear power plant’s decommissioning trusts combined with any other decommissioning financial assurances in place. The projections are made based on the operating license expiration date and the mid-point of the subsequent decommissioning process, or the anticipated actual completion of decommissioning if a site-specific estimate is used. If the projected amount of each individual plant’s decommissioning trusts exceeds the NRC-required decommissioning amount, then its NRC license termination decommissioning obligations are considered to be funded in accordance with NRC regulations. If the projected costs do not sufficiently reflect the actual costs required to decommission these nuclear power plants, or if funding is otherwise inadequate, or if the formula, formula inputs, or site-specific estimate is changed to require increased funding, additional resources or commitments would be required. Furthermore, depending upon the level of funding available in the trust funds, the NRC may not permit the trust funds to be used to pay for related costs such as the management of spent nuclear fuel that are not included in the NRC’s formula. The NRC may also require a plan for the provision of separate funding for spent fuel management costs.

Further, federal or state regulatory changes, including mandated increases in decommissioning funding or changes in the methods or standards for decommissioning operations, may also increase the funding requirements of, or accelerate the timing for funding of, the obligations related to the decommissioning of the nuclear generating plant owned by certain of the Utility operating companies or System Energy or may restrict the decommissioning-related costs that can be paid from the decommissioning trusts. Such changes also could result in the need for additional contributions to decommissioning trusts, or the posting of parent guarantees, letters of credit, or other surety mechanisms. As a result, under any of these circumstances, the results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition of Entergy, certain of the Utility operating companies, or System Energy could be materially affected.

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An early plant shutdown (either generally or relative to current expectations), poor investment results, or higher than anticipated decommissioning costs (including as a result of changing regulatory requirements) could cause trust fund assets to be insufficient to meet the decommissioning obligations, with the result that certain of the Utility operating companies or System Energy may be required to provide significant additional funds or credit support to satisfy regulatory requirements for decommissioning, which, with respect to these Utility operating companies or System Energy, may not be recoverable from customers in a timely fashion or at all.

For further information regarding nuclear decommissioning costs, see the “Critical Accounting Estimates - Nuclear Decommissioning Costs” section of Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for Entergy, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, and System Energy, and Notes 9 and 16 to the financial statements.

New or existing safety concerns regarding operating nuclear power plants and nuclear fuel could lead to restrictions upon the operation and decommissioning of Entergy’s nuclear power plants.

New and existing concerns are being expressed in public forums about the safety of nuclear generating units and nuclear fuel. These concerns have led to, and may continue to lead to, various proposals to federal regulators and governing bodies in some localities where Entergy’s subsidiaries own nuclear generating units for legislative and regulatory changes that might lead to the shutdown of nuclear units, additional requirements or restrictions related to spent nuclear fuel on-site storage and eventual disposal, or other adverse effects on owning, operating, and decommissioning nuclear generating units. Entergy vigorously responds to these concerns and proposals. If any of the existing proposals, or any proposals that may arise in the future with respect to legislative and regulatory changes, become effective, they could have a material effect on Entergy’s results of operations and financial condition.

Business Risks

(Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

Entergy and its Registrant Subsidiaries depend on access to the capital markets and, at times, may face potential liquidity constraints, which could make it more difficult to handle future contingencies such as natural disasters or substantial increases in gas and fuel prices. Disruptions in the capital and credit markets may adversely affect Entergy’s and its subsidiaries’ ability to meet liquidity needs, or to access capital to operate and grow their businesses, and the cost of capital.

Entergy’s business is capital intensive and dependent upon its ability to access capital at reasonable rates and other terms. At times there are also spikes in the price for natural gas and other commodities that increase the liquidity requirements of the Utility operating companies. The occurrence of one or more adverse events or contingencies, including an adverse decision or a delay in regulatory recovery of fuel or purchased power costs or storm restoration costs, an acceleration of payments or decreased credit lines, less cash flow from operations than expected, changes in regulation, governmental policy (including tax and trade policy, such as increased tariffs, and new laws or regulations relating to data centers or other large loads) or governmental programs (including tax incentives or tax credits, loans, grants, guarantees, and other subsidies), or other unknown or unforeseen events, could cause the financing needs of Entergy and its subsidiaries to increase. In addition, accessing the debt capital markets more frequently in these situations may result in an increase in

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leverage. Material leverage increases could negatively affect the credit ratings of Entergy, the Utility operating companies, and System Energy, which in turn could negatively affect access to the capital markets.

The inability to raise capital on favorable terms, particularly during times of high interest rates and inflation, and uncertainty or reduced liquidity in the capital markets, could negatively affect Entergy and its subsidiaries’ ability to maintain and to expand their businesses. Additionally, shifts in governmental policy surrounding tax incentives or tax credits, loans, grants, guarantees, and other subsidies (including as a result of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025) may increase borrowing costs. Factors beyond Entergy’s control may create uncertainty that could increase its cost of capital or impair its ability to access the capital markets, including the ability to draw on its bank credit facilities. Entergy and its subsidiaries are unable to predict the degree of success they will have in renewing or replacing their credit facilities as they come up for renewal. Moreover, the size, terms, and covenants of any new credit facilities may not be comparable to, and may be more restrictive than, existing facilities.

A downgrade in Entergy’s or its Registrant Subsidiaries’ credit ratings could negatively affect Entergy’s and its Registrant Subsidiaries’ ability to access capital or the cost of such capital and/or could require Entergy or its subsidiaries to post collateral, accelerate certain payments, or repay certain indebtedness.

There are a number of factors that rating agencies evaluate to arrive at credit ratings for each of Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries, including each Registrant Subsidiary’s regulatory framework, ability to recover costs and earn returns, storm or climate risk exposure, diversification, and financial strength and liquidity. If one or more rating agencies downgrade Entergy’s or any of the Registrant Subsidiaries’ ratings, particularly below investment grade, borrowing costs would increase, the potential pool of investors and funding sources would likely decrease, and cash or letter of credit collateral demands may be triggered by the terms of a number of commodity contracts, leases, and other agreements.

Most of Entergy’s and its subsidiaries’ suppliers and counterparties require sufficient creditworthiness to enter into transactions. If Entergy’s or the Registrant Subsidiaries’ ratings decline, particularly below investment grade, or if certain counterparties believe Entergy or the Utility operating companies are losing creditworthiness and demand adequate assurance under fuel, gas, and purchased power contracts, the counterparties may require posting of collateral in cash or letters of credit, prepayment for fuel, gas or purchased power or accelerated payment, or counterparties may decline business with Entergy or its subsidiaries.

Entergy and the Utility operating companies could be adversely affected by various events beyond their control, including, without limitation, public health crises, natural disasters, wildfires, geopolitical tensions and other political instability, or other catastrophic events. Any of the foregoing, whether occurring locally, nationally, or globally, and the resulting effects thereof could lead to disruption of the general economy, impacts on the

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customers of the Utility operating companies, and disruption of the operations of Entergy’s subsidiaries, due to, among other things:

•supply chain, vendor, and contractor disruptions or other impacts, including those relative to any trade or tariff issues, as well as any shortages or delays in the availability of key components, parts, and supplies such as electronic components, steel, aluminum, and solar panels;

•delays in completion of capital or other construction projects, maintenance, and other operations activities, including prolonged or delayed refueling and maintenance outages;

•adverse impacts on liquidity and cash flows, including through declining sales, reduced revenues, delays in receipts of customer payments, increased bad debt expense, or customers or other counterparties failing to satisfy their obligations;

•delays in regulatory proceedings;

•regulatory outcomes that require the Utility operating companies to postpone planned investments and otherwise reduce costs due to, for example, the impact of a public health crises or such other catastrophic events on their customers;

•workforce availability challenges, including, for example, from infections, health, or safety issues resulting from a public health crisis;

•increased storm recovery costs;

•increased cybersecurity risks as a result of many employees telecommuting and working partially remotely or geopolitical risks;

•volatility in the credit or capital markets (and any related increased cost of capital or any inability to access the capital markets or draw on available credit facilities on favorable terms), which could in turn, cause a decrease in the value of its defined benefit pension and welfare benefit plan trusts or decommissioning trust funds;

•litigation;

•adverse impacts on Entergy’s credit metrics or ratings;

•governmental mandates in response to any such event; or

•other adverse impacts on their ability to execute on business strategies and initiatives.

To the extent any of these events occur, the business, results of operations, and financial condition of Entergy and the Utility operating companies could be adversely affected.

The reputation of Entergy or its Registrant Subsidiaries may be materially adversely affected by negative publicity or the inability to meet its stated goals or commitments, among other potential causes.

As with any company, Entergy’s and its Registrant Subsidiaries’ reputations are an important element of their ability to effectively conduct their businesses. Entergy’s and its Registrant Subsidiaries’ reputations could be harmed by a variety of factors, including: failure of a generating asset or supporting infrastructure; failure to restore power after a hurricane or other severe weather event or catastrophe in a manner perceived as timely by regulators or customers; the incurrence of storm restoration costs perceived as excessive by regulators or customers; failure to effectively manage land and other natural resources; failure to obtain land and secure permits for infrastructure investments; failure to execute on and/or obtain regulatory approvals for generation, transmission, or other facilities; real or perceived violations of environmental regulations, including those related to climate change; real or perceived issues surrounding the safety or environmental concerns regarding carbon capture and storage; real or perceived issues concerning the environmental impact of new generation, new large load customers, and potential rate increases resulting from investments relating to serving these customers; real or perceived issues with Entergy’s safety culture; challenges or negative reaction to Entergy’s employee inclusion and belonging efforts, work culture and workplace environment; challenges or negative reaction to Entergy’s climate goals or aspirations; inability to meet their climate goals or aspirations, including as a result of increased sales growth, or to achieve their human capital strategies, or failure to demonstrate meaningful progress toward such goals or strategies; deterioration in relations with bargaining employees and labor unions representing them; inability to effectively prepare for major storms and other weather events, including accelerated resilience planning and projects and challenges in execution

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thereof, including obtaining necessary regulatory approvals for scope and timing of such plans and projects; inability to keep their electricity rates stable; inability to provide quality customer service, including timely and accurate billing; involvement in a class-action or other high-profile lawsuit; significant delays in, or termination of, construction projects, including as a result of or in connection with changes in regulation or governmental policy (such as tax and trade policy, including increased tariffs and supply chain challenges) or governmental programs (such as tax incentives or tax credits, loans, grants, guarantees, and other subsidies); occurrence of or responses to cyber attacks, data breaches or physical- or cyber- security vulnerabilities; acts or omissions of Entergy management or acts or omissions of a contractor or other third party working with or for Entergy or its Registrant Subsidiaries, which actually or perceivably reflect negatively on Entergy or its Registrant Subsidiaries; measures taken to offset reductions in demand or to supply rising demand; a significant dispute with one of Entergy’s or its Registrant Subsidiaries’ customers or other stakeholders; or negative political and public sentiment resulting in a significant amount of adverse press coverage and other adverse statements affecting Entergy or its Registrant Subsidiaries.

Addressing any adverse publicity or regulatory scrutiny is time consuming and expensive and, regardless of the factual basis for the assertions being made (or lack thereof), can have a negative impact on the reputations of Entergy or its Registrant Subsidiaries, on the morale and performance of their employees, and on their relationships with their respective regulators, customers, investors, and commercial counterparties. Adverse publicity or regulatory scrutiny may also have a negative impact on Entergy or its Registrant Subsidiaries’ ability to take timely advantage of various business or market opportunities.

U.S. tax legislation may materially adversely affect Entergy’s financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 significantly changed the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, including taxation of U.S. corporations, by, among other things, reducing the federal corporate income tax rate, limiting interest deductions, and altering the expensing of capital expenditures. The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 further significantly changed the U.S. Internal Revenue Code by, among other things, enacting a new corporate alternative minimum tax and expanding federal tax credits for clean energy production. The One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025 made additional changes to the U.S. Internal Revenue Code including, among other things: (i) the further altering of interest deductibility and the expensing of capital expenditures, (ii) the adoption of new “foreign entity of concern” rules intended to reduce influence of certain “prohibited foreign entities” that could limit the use of certain federal tax credits for clean energy investment and production, and (iii) the further limiting of federal tax credits available for wind and solar facilities.

In addition, the retail regulatory treatment of the expanded tax credits and corporate alternative minimum tax included in the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, the limitation of the use of certain tax credits in the One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025, or any other changes to or additional scaling back of such tax credits, could materially impact Entergy’s future cash flows, and this legislation and pending interpretive guidance

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could result in unintended consequences not yet identified that could have a material adverse impact on Entergy’s financial results and future cash flows.

Based on current IRS guidance and current internal forecasts, Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries may become subject to the corporate alternative minimum tax included in the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 beginning in the next one to three years.

The tax rate decrease included in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act required Entergy to record a regulatory liability for income taxes payable to customers. Such regulatory liability for income taxes is described in Note 3 to the financial statements.

For further discussion of the effects of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, and the One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025, see the “Income Tax Legislation and Regulation” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis and Note 3 to the financial statements.

Changes in taxation as well as the inherent difficulty in quantifying potential tax effects of business decisions could negatively impact Entergy’s and the Registrant Subsidiaries’ results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.

Entergy and its subsidiaries make judgments regarding the potential tax effects of various transactions and results of operations to estimate their obligations to taxing authorities, which judgment may prove to be incorrect or may be disputed by regulators or taxing authorities. These tax obligations include income, franchise, real estate, sales and use, and employment-related taxes. These judgments include provisions for potential adverse outcomes regarding tax positions that have been taken. Entergy and its subsidiaries also estimate their ability to utilize tax benefits, including those in the form of carryforwards for which the benefits have already been reflected in the financial statements. Changes in federal, state, or local tax laws or interpretive guidance relating thereto, adverse tax audit results or adverse tax rulings on positions taken by Entergy and its subsidiaries could negatively affect Entergy’s and the Registrant Subsidiaries’ results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. The intended and unintended consequences of recently enacted legislation could have a material adverse impact on Entergy’s financial results and future cash flows. For further information regarding Entergy’s income taxes, see the “Income Tax Legislation and Regulation” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis and Note 3 to the financial statements.

As a result, Entergy and its subsidiaries may be unable to fully achieve the anticipated results of such strategies.

Entergy and its subsidiaries anticipate a high level of load growth in their industrial and large commercial customer segments, including from large-scale data centers owned by a small number of large customers. Entergy and its subsidiaries may be unsuccessful in capturing such opportunities or the opportunities to serve these new large customers may not materialize to the degree, extent, or duration currently expected. Entergy and its subsidiaries also may not have access to the capital needed to finance the incremental growth on terms and conditions satisfactory to Entergy or its subsidiaries and consistent with the maintenance of satisfactory credit

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ratings. Entergy and its subsidiaries may not be able to adequately protect contractually against the risks inherent in relying on such rapid growth within a small number of large customers concentrated in a single industry and/or recover any amounts outside those included in the contractual arrangements. Entergy expects that these customers will represent a high percentage of total sales, revenues, and cash flow with respect to the applicable Utility operating company for the foreseeable future. This creates business industry and credit concentration risks which Entergy and its subsidiaries may not be able to fully mitigate.

Additionally, Entergy and its subsidiaries have pursued and may continue to pursue strategic transactions including merger, acquisition, divestiture, joint venture, restructuring, or other strategic transactions. Entergy’s utility business plan over the next several years includes the construction and/or purchase of several natural gas plants and solar facilities. These or other transactions and plans are or may become subject to regulatory approval and other material conditions or contingencies, including increased costs or delays resulting from supply chain disruptions, import tariffs, and other issues. The failure to complete these transactions or plans or any future strategic transaction successfully or on a timely basis could have an adverse effect on Entergy’s or its subsidiaries’ financial condition or results of operations and the market’s perception of Entergy’s ability to execute its strategy. Further, these transactions, and any completed or future strategic transactions, involve substantial risks, including the following:

•acquired businesses or assets may not produce revenues, earnings, or cash flow at anticipated levels;

•acquired businesses or assets could have environmental, permitting, or other problems for which contractual protections prove inadequate;

•Entergy and/or its subsidiaries may assume liabilities that were not disclosed to them, that exceed their estimates, or for which their rights to indemnification from the seller are limited;

•Entergy may experience issues integrating businesses into its internal controls over financial reporting;

•the acquisition or disposition of a business could divert management’s attention from other business concerns;

•Entergy and/or its subsidiaries may be unable to obtain the necessary regulatory or governmental approvals to close a transaction, such approvals may be granted subject to terms that are unacceptable, or Entergy or its subsidiaries otherwise may be unable to achieve anticipated regulatory treatment of any such transaction or acquired business or assets;

•shifting governmental policies may impact government support for capital projects, including tax incentives or tax credits, grants, guarantees, or other subsidies; and

•Entergy or its subsidiaries otherwise may be unable to achieve the full strategic and financial benefits that they anticipate from the transaction, or such benefits may be delayed or may not occur at all.

Entergy and its subsidiaries may not be successful in managing these or any other significant risks that they may encounter in acquiring or divesting a business, or engaging in other strategic transactions, which could have a material effect on their business, financial condition, or results of operations.

The success of certain Utility operating companies’ investments in new generation and transmission assets to support large-scale data centers depends on a limited number of such customers, the continued demand for electricity to power data centers, and the successful completion of the associated generation and transmission projects. Any reduction in the demand for electricity to power data centers or delays or unexpected costs associated with such projects may harm the growth prospects, future operating results, and financial condition of Entergy and these Utility operating companies.

Subject to any pending regulatory approvals, certain Utility operating companies are making or are planning to make significant infrastructure investments in new solar projects, natural gas power plants, and other transmission and generation assets to power new large-scale data centers. These infrastructure investments are

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being made primarily in connection with electric service agreements with a small number of customers representing significant new load to provide power for new data centers being constructed to support artificial intelligence and other technology capabilities. The Utility operating companies continue to explore similar opportunities and have engaged, and may continue to engage, in additional similar transactions in the future.

This small number of data center customers representing a large portion of the anticipated business of certain of the Utility operating companies exposes these Utility operating companies to several risks, the impact of which is greater due to the common risks facing those customers in the businesses supported by the data centers. The recent dramatic expansion in anticipated demand from data center customers is largely based on emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence and machine learning. These technologies and their related business applications have developed rapidly in recent years and continue to evolve rapidly. Entergy cannot predict the rate at which or the extent to which these emerging technologies will be broadly adopted and successful as business models. Changes in industry practice or advances in these technologies could reduce the demand for electricity to power data centers, including from these customers. Some data center owners and operators are developing their own energy sources to power their data centers, and it is possible that the Utility operating companies’ customers could choose to develop their own energy sources in the future. Additionally, data centers could be subject to future laws and regulations relating to, among other things, energy efficiency standards and energy use and source of power restrictions. These customers may also experience business downturns, which may cause the loss of these customers or a portion of their load requirements or may weaken their financial condition or ability to satisfy contractual obligations. Similarly, these customers may reduce their investment in these new technologies or abandon them entirely. It is not possible for Entergy to predict the future level of demand for electricity from such customers.

Any of these situations may result in lower than anticipated revenue or the early termination or non-renewal of these customers’ electric service agreements or renewal on terms less favorable to the associated Utility operating company. Our electric service agreements with these customers include provisions for early termination payments in certain circumstances, but they do not fully protect against these risks. Although a significant portion of the costs of the infrastructure investments are expected to be recovered through payments under contractual agreements with the applicable customer, there is a risk that the Utility operating companies may not fully recover the costs of the infrastructure constructed to serve these customers despite contractual protections. Once this infrastructure becomes operational, Entergy expects that these customers will represent a high percentage of total sales, revenues, and cash flow for the associated Utility operating company in accordance with the terms of their electric service agreements. In the event a customer terminates or does not renew its electric service agreement, the Utility operating companies may not be able to enter into new services agreements, timely or at all, with one or more comparable revenue-generating customers, and the terms of any new agreements may be less favorable to the Utility operating companies. While the assets constructed to serve these customers may otherwise be useful in the Utility operating companies’ business, there is a risk that the Utility operating companies may not be able to fully recover their investment in or a return on those assets, either through retail or wholesale rates or meet the debt obligations incurred in connection with these assets. The small number of such customers and scale of the investment required to support those customers heightens this risk.

The success of these Utility operating companies’ investments in new generation and transmission assets to support large-scale data centers depends on the successful completion of large capital projects to provide electricity to these data centers. As discussed elsewhere in this report, the ability to complete large capital projects is dependent upon several factors, including, among others, the ability to obtain financing of such large-scale projects on satisfactory terms and conditions, secure regulatory permits, secure sufficient land for the siting of solar panels and power generation facilities, obtain and maintain MISO interconnection queue positions and otherwise obtain necessary interconnection or transmission service in MISO, and hire qualified labor, as well as levels of public support or opposition to these projects, including, but not limited to opposition arising out of concerns over environmental impacts or the potential for rate increases for all customers, and suppliers’ and contractors’ performance and ability to fulfill their obligations under contracts. Successful completion of these projects may be

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further influenced by changes in law or regulation, such as environmental compliance requirements or MISO tariff rules and processes; trade-related government actions, such as direct and indirect trade and tariff actions, including those associated with imported solar panels; as well as supply chain delays or disruptions, workforce challenges, and other events beyond the control of these Utility operating companies. The occurrence of any of these events may materially affect the schedule, cost, and performance of these projects. For additional information concerning these Utility operating companies’ investments in new generation to support large-scale data centers, see “Utility - Property and Other Generation Resources - Provision of Service to Large-Scale Data Center Customers” in Part I, Item 1.

The business, results of operations and financial condition of Entergy and these Utility operating companies could be materially adversely affected as a result of any or all of these factors.

The completion of capital projects, including the construction of power generation facilities, and other capital improvements, involves substantial risks. Should such efforts be unsuccessful, the financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity of Entergy and the Utility operating companies could be materially affected.

Entergy’s and the Utility operating companies’ ability to complete capital projects, including the construction of power generation facilities, or make other capital improvements, such as transmission and distribution infrastructure replacements or upgrades, in a timely and cost-effective manner and within budget is contingent upon many variables and subject to substantial risks. Certain events may occur that may materially affect the schedule, cost, and performance of these projects. These events may relate to the actual siting and construction process, such as facing public opposition; delays in obtaining permits; challenges in securing sufficient land for the siting of solar panels, power generation facilities, and large transmission projects; shortages in materials and qualified labor; suppliers and contractors not performing as expected or required under their contracts and/or experiencing financial problems that inhibit their ability to fulfill their obligations under contracts; supply chain delays or disruptions; and changes in the scope and timing of projects. Various economic and financial factors may include early stage cost estimates from contractors that are lower than final costs; the inability to raise capital on favorable terms; changes in commodity prices affecting revenue, fuel costs, or materials costs; and downward changes in the economy. Additionally, other events beyond the control of the Utility operating companies may occur that may materially affect the schedule, cost, and performance of these projects.

In addition, the Utility operating companies could be exposed to higher costs and market volatility, which could affect cash flow and cost recovery, should their respective regulators decline to approve the construction of the project or new generation needed to meet the reliability needs of customers at the lowest reasonable cost.

The above risks are heightened by the number and size of the capital projects that Entergy and the Utility operating companies currently plan to undertake to serve load growth driven primarily by large-scale data centers.

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For further information regarding capital expenditure plans and other uses of capital in connection with capital projects, including the potential construction and/or purchase of additional generation supply sources within the Utility operating companies’ service areas, see the “Capital Expenditure Plans and Other Uses of Capital” section of Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for Entergy and each of the Registrant Subsidiaries.

Failure to attract, retain and manage an appropriately qualified workforce could negatively affect Entergy or its subsidiaries’ results of operations.

The challenges include inability to attract or retain talent, lack of resources, loss of knowledge base, and the time required for skill development. Costs to attract and retain employees and contract labor, including costs for contractors to replace employees, productivity costs, and safety costs, may increase.

The businesses in which Entergy’s subsidiaries, including the Utility operating companies and System Energy, operate are subject to extensive existing environmental regulation by local, state, and federal authorities. These laws and regulations affect the manner in which the Utility operating companies and System Energy conduct their operations and make capital expenditures. These laws and regulations also affect how Entergy’s subsidiaries, including the Utility operating companies and System Energy, manage air emissions, discharges to water, wetlands impacts, solid and hazardous waste storage and disposal, cooling and service water intake, the protection of threatened and endangered species, certain migratory birds and eagles, hazardous materials transportation, and similar matters. Federal, state, and local authorities continually revise these laws and regulations, and the laws and regulations are subject to judicial interpretation and to the implementing agencies’ permitting and enforcement decisions. Furthermore, in response to increased economic and industrial growth, federal, state, and local governments may adopt or change laws, regulations, or ordinances addressing the real or perceived environmental or other impacts. Developing and implementing plans for facility compliance with these requirements can lead to capital, personnel, and operation and maintenance expenditures. Violations of these requirements can subject the Utility operating companies and System Energy to enforcement actions, capital expenditures to bring existing facilities into compliance, additional operating costs or operating restrictions to achieve compliance, remediation and clean-up costs, civil penalties, and exposure to third parties’ claims for alleged health or property damages or for violations of applicable permits or standards. In addition, Entergy and its subsidiaries, including the Utility operating companies and System Energy, are subject to potential liability under these laws for the costs of remediation of environmental contamination of property now or formerly owned or operated by the Utility operating companies and System Energy and of property potentially contaminated by hazardous substances they generate. The Utility operating companies currently are involved in proceedings relating to sites where hazardous substances have been released and may be subject to additional proceedings in the future. Entergy’s subsidiaries,

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including the Utility operating companies and System Energy, have incurred and expect to incur significant costs related to environmental compliance. To the extent that any such changes in law or regulation impact data centers or facilities that power data centers, these risks may be heightened by Entergy’s and the Utility operating companies’ increasing reliance on large-scale data center customers for revenue and load growth.

Emissions of nitrogen and sulfur oxides, mercury, particulates, greenhouse gases, and other regulated emissions from generating plants potentially are subject to increased regulation, controls, and mitigation expenses. The capital plan of certain Utility operating companies includes significant investments in generation facilities to serve the rapid growth in load demand from large customers and large-scale data centers. These generating facilities will produce regulated emissions, which amplifies these risks for Entergy and those Utility operating companies. In addition, existing environmental regulations and programs promulgated by the EPA often are challenged legally, or are revised or withdrawn by the EPA, sometimes resulting in large-scale changes to anticipated regulatory regimes and the resulting need to shift course, both operationally and economically, depending on the nature of the changes. Risks relating to global climate change, initiatives to regulate, or otherwise compel reductions of greenhouse gas emissions, and water availability issues are discussed below.

Entergy and its subsidiaries may not be able to obtain or maintain all required environmental regulatory approvals. If there is a delay in obtaining any required environmental regulatory approvals, or if Entergy and its subsidiaries fail to obtain, maintain, or comply with any such approval, the operation of its facilities could be stopped or become subject to additional costs. For further information regarding environmental regulation and environmental matters, including Entergy’s response to climate change, see the “Regulation of Entergy’s Business – Environmental Regulation” section of Part I, Item 1.

Environmental and regulatory obligations intended to combat the effects of climate change, including by compelling greenhouse gas emission reductions or reporting, increasing clean or renewable energy requirements, or placing a price on greenhouse gas emissions, or efforts to achieve climate goals could materially affect the financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity of Entergy and Entergy’s subsidiaries, including the Utility operating companies and System Energy.

Federal, state, and local authorities periodically propose and enact laws and regulations intended to address known or suspected causes of climate change. A particular focus at the federal level is the regulation of CO2 emissions from new, existing, and significantly modified stationary emission sources, including electric generating units. Such regulations continue to evolve. Various states and regions of the U.S. have taken action to establish greenhouse gas limitations and trading programs. For example, in 2021, the City Council of New Orleans promulgated a renewable and clean portfolio standard that sets a goal of net-zero emissions by 2040 and absolute zero emissions by 2050. The impact that continued changes in the governmental response to climate change risk and any judicial interpretation thereof will have on existing and pending environmental laws and regulations related to greenhouse gas emissions currently is unclear.

The operations of low or non-emitting generating units (such as nuclear units and solar facilities) at lower than expected capacity factors could require increased generation from higher emitting units, thus increasing Entergy’s greenhouse gas emission rate. Similarly, increased load growth and the natural gas generation required to meet that increased demand is expected to result in an increase in Entergy’s absolute greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, long-term planning to meet environmental requirements can be negatively impacted and costs may increase to the extent laws and regulations change prior to full implementation. These requirements could, in turn, lead to changes in the planning or operations of balancing authorities or organized markets in areas where Entergy’s subsidiaries, including the Utility operating companies or System Energy, do business. Violations of such requirements may subject the Utility operating companies to enforcement actions, capital expenditures to bring existing facilities into compliance, additional operating costs or operating restrictions

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to achieve compliance, civil penalties, and exposure to third parties’ claims for alleged health or property damages or for violations of applicable permits or standards. To the extent Entergy believes any of these costs are recoverable in rates, however, additional material rate increases for customers could be resisted by Entergy’s regulators and, in extreme cases, Entergy’s regulators might attempt to deny or defer timely recovery of these costs.

Recent or future changes in regulation or policies governing the reporting or emission of, or government programs relating to, CO2 and other greenhouse gases or mix of generation sources could (i) result in significant additional costs to the Utility operating companies, their suppliers, or customers; (ii) make some of Entergy’s electric generating units uneconomical to maintain or operate; (iii) result in the early retirement of generation facilities and stranded costs if the Utility operating companies are unable to fully recover the costs and investment in generation; (iv) increase the difficulty that Entergy and its Utility operating companies have with obtaining or maintaining required environmental regulatory approvals; and (v) cause the financing needs of Entergy and its subsidiaries to increase should such changes result in a repeal or limitation on government tax credits, loans, grants, guarantees, or other subsidies incentivizing the development or utilization of alternative sources of generation, each of which could materially affect the financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity of Entergy and its subsidiaries. In addition, lawsuits have occurred or are reasonably expected against emitters of greenhouse gases alleging that these companies are liable for personal injuries and property damage caused by climate change. These lawsuits may seek injunctive relief, monetary compensation, and punitive damages. The capital plan of certain Utility operating companies includes significant investments in generation facilities to serve the rapid growth in load demand from large customers and large-scale data centers, which facilities will emit CO2 or other greenhouse gases and amplify these risks for Entergy and those Utility operating companies.

The physical effects of climate change could materially affect the financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity of Entergy and its subsidiaries.

Potential physical risks from climate change include an increase in sea level, wind and storm surge damages, more frequent or intense hurricanes and wildfires, wetland and barrier island erosion, flooding and changes in weather conditions (such as increases in precipitation, drought, or changes in average temperatures), and potential increased impacts of extreme weather conditions or storms. Entergy’s subsidiaries own assets in, and serve, communities that are at risk from sea level rise, changes in weather conditions, storms, floods, and loss of the protection offered by coastal wetlands. A significant portion of the nation’s oil and gas infrastructure is located in these areas and susceptible to storm damage that could be aggravated by the physical impacts of climate change, which could give rise to fuel supply interruptions and price spikes. Entergy and its subsidiaries also face the risk that climate change could impact the availability and quality of water supplies necessary for operations.

These plans are generally subject to approval by the Utility operating companies’ retail regulators and may not be approved in full or at all. Certain accelerated resilience plans of the Utility operating companies have received regulatory approval for a limited scope and duration, generally at levels less than those proposed to the regulators; however, the Utility operating companies continue to work with their regulators to establish the appropriate scope and timing of resilience investment balanced against other customer needs. The Utility operating companies may not be able to successfully execute such plans and projects in the time and manner planned and there are risks regarding the ability to demonstrate the efficacy of the accelerated resilience investments in mitigating storm impacts, as well as in seeking and obtaining regulatory approval for additional accelerated resilience plans and

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projects that may be necessary.

Additionally, prolonged drought conditions and shifting weather patterns resulting from climate change as well as, among other things, buildup of dry vegetation in areas severely impacted by drought may increase the risk of severe wildfire events within the Utility operating companies’ service areas. Catastrophic wildfires occurring in the Utility operating companies’ service areas could give rise to large damage claims against Entergy or its subsidiaries for fire-related losses alleged to be the result of utility practices and/or the failure of electric and other utility equipment and could also cause Entergy or its subsidiaries to suffer reputational harm or face a more challenging operating, political and regulatory environment.

These and other physical changes could result in, among other things, changes in customer demand, increased costs associated with repairing and maintaining generation facilities and transmission and distribution systems resulting in increased maintenance and capital costs (and potential increased financing needs), limits on the Entergy system’s ability to meet peak customer demand, more frequent and longer lasting outages, increased regulatory oversight, criticism or adverse publicity, and lower customer satisfaction. Also, to the extent that climate change adversely impacts the economic health of a region or results in energy conservation or demand side management programs, it may adversely impact customer demand and revenues. Such physical or operational risks could have a material effect on Entergy’s and its subsidiaries’ financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity.

A decline in the continued and future availability and quality of water for cooling, process, and sanitary uses could materially affect the financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity of Entergy, its subsidiaries, and industrial customers.

Water is a vital natural resource that is also critical to Entergy and its subsidiaries. Entergy’s and its subsidiaries’ facilities use water for cooling, boiler make-up, sanitary uses, potable supply, and many other uses. Entergy’s Utility operating companies also own and/or operate hydroelectric facilities. Accordingly, water availability and quality are critical to Entergy’s and its subsidiaries’ business operations. Impacts to water availability or quality could negatively impact both operations and revenues.

Entergy and its subsidiaries secure water through various mechanisms (ground water wells, surface waters intakes, municipal supply, etc.) and operate under the provisions and conditions set forth by the provider and/or regulatory authorities. Entergy and its subsidiaries also obtain and operate in substantial compliance with water discharge permits issued under various provisions of the Clean Water Act and/or state water pollution control provisions. Regulations and authorizations for both water intake and use and for waste discharge can become more stringent in times of water shortages, low flows in rivers, low lake levels, low groundwater aquifer volumes, and similar conditions. The increased use of water by industry, agriculture, and the population at large, population growth, saltwater intrusion, and the potential impacts of climate change on the availability of water resources may cause water use restrictions that affect Entergy, its subsidiaries, and industrial customers.

The Utility operating companies, System Energy, and Entergy’s non-utility operations may incur substantial costs related to reliability standards.

Entergy’s business is subject to extensive and mandatory reliability standards. Such standards, which are established by the NERC, the SERC, and other regional enforcement entities, are approved by the FERC and frequently are reviewed, amended, and supplemented. Failure to comply with such standards could result in the imposition of fines or civil penalties, and potential exposure to third party claims for alleged violations of such standards. The standards, as well as the laws and regulations that govern them, are subject to judicial interpretation

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and to the enforcement discretion vested in the implementing agencies. In addition to exposure to civil penalties and fines, the Utility operating companies have incurred and expect to incur significant costs related to compliance with new and existing reliability standards, including costs associated with the Utility operating companies’ transmission system and generation assets. In addition, the retail regulators of the Utility operating companies possess the jurisdiction, and in some cases have exercised such jurisdiction, to impose standards governing the reliable operation of the Utility operating companies’ distribution systems, including penalties if these standards are not met. Entergy cannot predict the ultimate effect that the reliability standards will have on its Utility and Entergy’s non-utility operations.

To manage near-term and medium-term financial exposure related to commodity price fluctuations, Entergy and its subsidiaries, including the Utility operating companies, may enter into contracts to hedge portions of their purchase and sale commitments, fuel requirements, and inventories of natural gas, uranium and its conversion and enrichment, coal, refined products, and other commodities, within established risk management guidelines. As part of this strategy, Entergy and its subsidiaries may utilize fixed- and variable-price forward physical purchase and sales contracts, futures, financial swaps, and option contracts traded in the over-the-counter markets or on exchanges. However, Entergy and its subsidiaries normally cover only a portion of the exposure of their assets and positions to market price volatility, and the coverage will vary over time. In addition, Entergy also elects to leave certain volumes during certain years unhedged. To the extent Entergy and its subsidiaries have unhedged positions, fluctuating commodity prices can materially affect Entergy’s and its subsidiaries’ results of operations and financial position.

Entergy’s and its subsidiaries’ use of such hedging strategies may not be effective and may adversely affect their business, results of operations, or financial position. Furthermore, no hedging strategy can completely mitigate exposure to variable interest rate risk, and such strategies may limit Entergy’s and its subsidiaries’ ability to participate in the benefits of lower interest rates. Entergy cannot predict the outcome or effectiveness of such hedging strategies to mitigate this risk.

Although Entergy and its subsidiaries devote a considerable effort to these risk management strategies, they cannot eliminate all the risks associated with these activities. As a result of these and other factors, Entergy and its subsidiaries cannot predict with precision the impact that risk management decisions may have on their business, results of operations, or financial position.

The Utility operating companies and Entergy’s non-utility business are exposed to the risk that counterparties may not meet their obligations, which may materially affect the Utility operating companies and Entergy’s non-utility business, including the ability to meet debt obligations.

With respect to the obligations of counterparties to large customer electric service agreements, Entergy has heightened exposure to a

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small number of large-scale data center customers which makes recovery of Entergy’s significant investments in transmission and generation assets to power those new large-scale data centers subject to a significant degree to the success of those customers.

Market performance and other changes may decrease the value of benefit plan assets, which then could require additional funding and result in increased benefit plan costs.

The performance of the capital markets affects the values of the assets held in trust under Entergy’s pension and postretirement benefits plans. A decline in the market value of the assets may increase the funding requirements relating to Entergy’s benefit plan liabilities and also result in higher benefit costs. As the value of the assets decreases, the “expected return on assets” component of benefit costs decreases, resulting in higher benefits costs. Additionally, asset losses are incorporated into benefit costs over time, thus increasing benefits costs. Volatility in the capital markets has affected the market value of these assets, which has affected and may affect Entergy’s planned levels of contributions in the future. Additionally, changes in interest rates affect the liabilities under Entergy’s pension and postretirement benefits plans; as interest rates decrease, the liabilities increase, potentially requiring additional funding and recognition of higher liability carrying costs. The funding requirements of the obligations related to the pension benefit plans can also increase as a result of changes in, among other factors, retirement rates, life expectancy assumptions, or federal regulations. For further information regarding Entergy’s pension and other postretirement benefits plans, refer to the “Critical Accounting Estimates – Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits” section of Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for Entergy and each of its Registrant Subsidiaries and Note 11 to the financial statements.

The litigation environment in the states in which the Registrant Subsidiaries operate poses a significant risk to those businesses.

Entergy and its subsidiaries and related entities are involved in the ordinary course of business in a number of lawsuits involving employment, commercial, asbestos, hazardous material and customer matters, and injuries and damages issues, among other matters. The states in which Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries operate have proven to be unusually litigious environments. Judges and juries in these states have demonstrated a willingness to grant large verdicts, including punitive damages, to plaintiffs in personal injury, property damage, and business tort cases. Entergy and its subsidiaries use legal and appropriate means to contest litigation threatened or filed against them, but the litigation environment in these states poses a significant business risk.

Terrorist attacks and sabotage, physical attacks, cyber attacks, system failures, data breaches or other disruptions of Entergy’s and its subsidiaries’ or their suppliers’ infrastructure or technology systems, including disruptions affecting other third parties ultimately connected to Entergy and its subsidiaries or their suppliers through the transmission grid, may adversely affect Entergy’s business and results of operations.

Like many businesses and operators of critical infrastructure, Entergy and its subsidiaries and their third-party suppliers have in the past and, will in the future, continue to be subject to cyber attacks, cybersecurity threats and attempts to compromise and penetrate the information technology systems of Entergy and its subsidiaries and disrupt their operations.

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Entergy and its subsidiaries operate in a business that requires evolving and advanced information technology systems that include sophisticated data collection, processing systems, software, network infrastructure, and other technologies that are becoming more complex and may be subject to mandatory and prescriptive reliability and security standards. The functionality of Entergy’s technology systems depends on its own and its suppliers’ and their contractors’ technology. Suppliers’ and their contractors’ technology systems to which Entergy is connected directly or indirectly support a variety of business processes and activities to store sensitive data, including (i) intellectual property, (ii) proprietary business information, (iii) personally identifiable information of customers, employees, and others, and (iv) data with respect to invoicing and the collection of payments, accounting, procurement, and supply-chain activities.

There have been attacks and threats of attacks on energy infrastructure by cyber actors, including those associated with foreign governments. An attack could affect Entergy’s or its subsidiaries’ ability to operate, including its ability to operate the information technology systems and network infrastructure on which it relies to conduct business.

Any such attacks, failures, or data breaches could have a material effect on Entergy’s and the Registrant Subsidiaries’ business, financial condition, results of operations or reputation. Such incidents may also expose Entergy to an increased risk of litigation (and associated damages and fines). For information on our cybersecurity risk management, strategy, and governance, see “Item 1C. Cybersecurity” in Part I, Item 1C.

Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries are subject to risks associated with their ability to obtain adequate insurance at acceptable costs.

The availability of insurance capacity may decrease, and the insurance policies that Entergy or the Registrant Subsidiaries are able to obtain may have higher deductibles and more restrictive terms and conditions, including higher premiums. Entergy expects the recent pattern of increasing premiums to continue in the near and medium term. Further, the insurance policies of Entergy or the Registrant Subsidiaries may not cover all of their potential exposures or actual amounts of losses incurred.

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Significant increases in commodity prices, the prices of other materials and supplies, and operation and maintenance expenses may adversely affect Entergy's results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity.

Entergy and its subsidiaries have observed and expect continued inflationary pressures related to commodity prices, other materials and supplies, and operation and maintenance expenses, including in the areas of labor, health care, and pension costs. The contracts for the construction of certain of the Utility operating companies’ generation facilities also have included, and in the future may include, price adjustment provisions that, subject to certain limitations, may enable the contractor to increase the contract price to reflect increases in certain costs of constructing the facility. These inflationary pressures could impact the ability of Entergy and its subsidiaries to control costs and/or make substantial investments in their businesses, including their ability to recover costs and investments, and to earn their allowed return on equity within frameworks established by their regulators while maintaining affordability of their services for their customers, in addition to having unpredictable effects on Entergy’s customers. Negotiated contract terms and credit collateral requirements may be insufficient to protect against these risks.

(Entergy Corporation and System Energy)

System Energy owns and, through an affiliate, operates a single nuclear generating facility, and it is dependent on sales to affiliated companies for all of its revenues.

System Energy’s operating revenues are derived from the allocation of the capacity, energy, and related costs associated with its 90% ownership/leasehold interest in Grand Gulf. The useful economic life of Grand Gulf is finite and is limited by the terms of its operating license, which currently expires in November 2044. System Energy’s financial condition depends both on the receipt of payments from the Utility operating companies (other than Entergy Louisiana and Entergy Texas) under the Unit Power Sales Agreement and on the continued commercial operation of Grand Gulf. The Unit Power Sales Agreement has in the past been the subject of significant litigation, including claims for refunds and rate adjustments, and is currently the subject of a litigation proceeding at the FERC with respect to System Energy’s inclusion of pre-paid and accrued pension costs in rates. As part of a settlement of such litigation (which settlement does not resolve the prepaid and accrued pension litigation), effective October 1, 2025, the Unit Power Sales Agreement was amended to remove Entergy Louisiana from the entitlement and responsibility to purchase power from Grand Gulf and the respective entitlements of the other Utility operating companies party to the Unit Power Sales Agreement were adjusted accordingly.

For information regarding the Unit Power Sales Agreement and certain other agreements relating to certain Entergy System companies’ support of System Energy, see Note 8 to the financial statements and the “Utility - System Energy and Related Agreements” section of Part I, Item 1.

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(Entergy Corporation)

Entergy’s non-utility operations are subject to substantial governmental regulation and may be adversely affected by legislative, regulatory, or market design changes, as well as liability under, or any future inability to comply with, existing or future regulations or requirements.

If Entergy’s non-utility operations were deemed to violate market behavior rules, the FERC can impose potential penalties of up to $1.544 million per day for each violation by any such entity of market-based rate rules and regulations.

Entergy’s non-utility operations are also affected by legislative and regulatory changes, as well as by changes to market design, market rules, tariffs, cost allocations, and bidding rules imposed by the existing Independent System Operator. The Independent System Operator that oversees the relevant wholesale power market has imposed, and in the future may continue to impose, mitigation, including price limitations, offer caps and other mechanisms, to address some of the volatility and the potential exercise of market power in that market. These types of price limitations and other regulatory mechanisms may have an adverse effect on the profitability of Entergy’s non-utility operations’ generation facilities that sell energy and capacity into the wholesale power markets.

The regulatory environment applicable to the electric power industry is subject to changes as a result of restructuring initiatives at both the state and federal levels. Entergy cannot predict the future design of the wholesale power markets or the ultimate effect that the changing regulatory environment will have on Entergy’s non-utility operations.

As a holding company, Entergy Corporation depends on cash distributions from its subsidiaries to meet its debt service and other financial obligations and to pay dividends on its common stock, and has provided, and may continue to provide, capital contributions or debt financing to its subsidiaries, which would reduce the funds available to meet its other financial obligations.

Entergy Corporation is a holding company with no material revenue generating operations of its own or material assets other than the equity of its subsidiaries. Accordingly, all of its operations are conducted by its subsidiaries. Entergy Corporation’s ability to satisfy its financial obligations, including the payment of interest and principal on its outstanding debt, and to pay dividends on its common stock depends on the payment to it of dividends or distributions by its subsidiaries. The subsidiaries of Entergy Corporation are separate and distinct legal entities and have no obligation, contingent or otherwise, to pay any dividends or make distributions to Entergy Corporation. Prior to providing funds to Entergy Corporation, such subsidiaries have financial and regulatory obligations that must be satisfied, including among others, debt service and, in the case of Entergy Utility Holding Company, LLC and Entergy Texas, distributions and dividends, respectively, on preferred securities. Any distributions from the Registrant Subsidiaries other than Entergy Texas and System Energy are paid directly to Entergy Utility Holding Company, LLC and are therefore subject to prior payment of distributions on its preferred securities.

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The hazardous activities associated with power generation could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.

Power generation involves hazardous activities, including acquiring, transporting and unloading fuel, operating large pieces of rotating equipment and delivering electricity to transmission and distribution systems. In addition to natural risks, such as earthquakes, floods, lightning, hurricanes and wind, hazards, such as fire, explosion, collapse, and machinery failure, are inherent risks in our operations which may occur as a result of inadequate internal processes, technological flaws, human error, or actions of third parties or other external events. The control and management of these risks depend upon adequate development and training of personnel and on operational procedures, preventative maintenance plans, and specific programs supported by quality control systems, which may not prevent the occurrence and impact of these risks.

The hazards described above, along with other safety hazards associated with our operations, can cause significant personal injury or loss of life, severe damage to and destruction of property, plant and equipment, contamination of, or damage to, the environment and suspension of operations. The occurrence of any one of these events may result in our being named as a defendant in lawsuits asserting claims for substantial damages, environmental cleanup costs, personal injury, and fines and/or penalties and may adversely affect our reputation.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity

Risk Management and Strategy

Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries maintain a security-risk-management system with defined roles, duties, governance, and accountability. Under this physical- and cyber-risk model, Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries streamline security into a centralized program. The Chief Security Officer (CSO) is responsible for establishing the security and reliability risk strategy, setting policies, monitoring controls and compliance, providing support activities, and reporting on the security program. The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) is responsible for establishing the cybersecurity strategy and implementing physical and cyber security systems for the security program. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) is responsible for ensuring that Entergy’s information technology infrastructure is secure and reliable. The Chief Ethics & Compliance Officer works with the CSO to address requirements of external security-related regulations, and where applicable, incorporate them into business policies. Management is responsible for identifying and managing risk directly through execution of the security program and compliance with security policies. Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries’ risk management model addresses compliance with certain regulatory constructs, such as the NERC Reliability Standards, the NRC Code of Federal Regulations, the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, among other regulations. Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries’ risk management model continuously evolves to improve and implement protections, controls, and monitoring to mitigate risks to their part of North America’s electric grid, to protect sensitive information, and to maintain secure business operations. Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries manage cybersecurity threats as an enterprise risk with close coordination and information sharing with its federal, state, and local partners. Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries also engage with local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies on initiatives to share threat information and participate in a wide range of industry collaborations and classified briefings on cybersecurity developments and evolving risks.

Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries maintain access-management controls, including a layered multi-factor authentication process for network and system access, and a defense-in-depth security ecosystem that includes advanced threat detection from independent third parties and federal agencies, security logging and

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monitoring, and independent third-party penetration and vulnerability assessments. Relevant employees and contractors must complete cybersecurity trainings periodically to heighten security and threat awareness, promote best practices, and meet regulatory requirements. Additional multi-layered prevention and detection processes and technologies to mitigate and minimize the effects of cybersecurity risks include email security, continuous monitoring, vulnerability scanning, anti-virus and anti-malware software, backups and recovery strategy, network segregation, third-party security, and information protection.

Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries have incorporated certain cyber-specific response protocols and procedures into their Entergy Incident Management System framework for responding to emergency incidents. This includes the Entergy Incident Response Team Plan, which outlines Entergy’s procedures, steps, and responsibilities for preparing for, detecting, containing, and recovering from an incident. The plan details the roles and responsibilities of Entergy’s officers who would be engaged in such a response to an emergency incident, including key questions to be addressed, critical decision points, and sources of key information to support decision-making. Senior management and the Emergency Incident Response Team periodically review and drill on the plan.

To inform this effort, Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries utilize the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework, which consists of standards, guidelines, and best practices to manage cybersecurity risk across the enterprise. A risk-based approach is used to direct security initiatives to the most significant risks and provide the most value in terms of risk reduction and protection. Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries use a vendor risk management program to assess and monitor security risks that arise from certain third-party vendors.

While Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries have experienced cybersecurity incidents, except as otherwise summarized above or discussed elsewhere in this report, the risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, have not materially affected them including their business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. See “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A for a detailed description of the risks related to cybersecurity.

Corporate Governance

The Board of Directors is responsible for oversight of the identification, management, and mitigation of enterprise-wide risk, including cybersecurity risk. The Audit Committee has the primary responsibility for overseeing risk management, including oversight of cybersecurity risk management practices and performance. The reports focus on the programs and protocols in place to mitigate cybersecurity risks, led by the CSO. Among other things, the reports may include: recent cyber risk and cybersecurity developments; industry engagement activities; legislative and regulatory developments; cyber-risk governance and oversight; selected cyber risk metrics and activities; cyber risk incident response plans and strategies; cybersecurity drills and exercises; assessments by third party experts and Internal Audit; and major projects and initiatives.

While the Board of Directors and Audit Committee oversee cybersecurity risk management, Entergy’s management is responsible for managing cybersecurity risk. Entergy and the Registrant Subsidiaries’ security-risk-management system, as discussed above, is comprised of a three lines of defense model to enhance risk management efforts and define roles in the security program. The second line of defense, comprised of the CSO, performs and supports security and reliability risk management and

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governs and oversees the execution of security and reliability controls by the first line of defense. Ownership of specific security operations may migrate from a business unit in the first line of defense to the second line of defense, as determined to be appropriate by the Chief Security Office. The third line of defense, which includes Internal Audit, independent third parties, and certain regulatory constructs, such as the NERC Reliability Standards and the NRC Cyber Rule, provides assurance of selective actions taken by the first and second lines of defense to senior management and the Board of Directors.

Entergy’s CSO is responsible for overseeing physical, cyber, and reliability risk, including governance, compliance, and threat intelligence. The CSO’s background includes serving as the Global Lead Business Information Security Officer for a multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology company, Vice President of Cybersecurity Solutions for an international consulting firm, and an operations manager for a multinational technology company. The CSO is also a former intelligence officer in the U.S. Marine Corps, with experience in the Fleet Marine Force, Joint Staff J-2/Defense Intelligence Agency, and Headquarters Marine Corps Command, Control, Communications, and Computers (C4I). The CSO participated in numerous exercises and crisis operations during his time in the military. The CSO also completed the Harvard Kennedy School Executive Education Program in Cybersecurity and the FBI Domestic Security Executive Academy.

Entergy’s CISO is responsible for enterprise strategic and operational cybersecurity, physical security systems, and regulatory compliance. The CISO oversees investments in tools, resources, and processes that allow for the continuous improvement and maturity of Entergy’s cybersecurity posture. The CISO has expertise spanning more than 25 years in the realm of information technology, information security, and cyber/physical security management. The CISO’s background includes serving as the Vice President and Chief Information Security Officer for an electric utility with responsibility for enterprise cybersecurity covering corporate, electric, nuclear, and gas operations. Additionally, the CISO served as the Chief Security Officer for the Electric Reliability Council of Texas with overall responsibility for its cybersecurity, physical security, and emergency management programs. Her previous experience includes multiple technical, managerial, and strategic roles within industries ranging from energy, telecommunication, software development, and cybersecurity consulting. The CISO is a Certified Information Systems Security Professional, Certified Information Security Manager, and Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control.

Entergy’s CIO is responsible for ensuring that the organization’s information technology systems, infrastructure, and applications are designed, implemented, and maintained to provide secure and reliable performance in support of Entergy’s business objectives. By fulfilling these responsibilities across the three lines of defense model, the CIO plays a critical role in ensuring that Entergy’s information technology-related risks are effectively identified, managed, and mitigated, thereby supporting Entergy’s overall risk management and governance framework. The CIO’s background includes serving in senior leadership roles, including CIO for multiple global manufacturing companies, serving on the board of directors for a telecommunications company, and consulting leadership positions providing services for numerous large, global organizations.

In the event of a suspected or actual cybersecurity incident, the Security Incident Response Team (SIRT), which includes the CISO, has primary responsibility for initial identification and evaluation of potential business impacts and escalation of the incident’s severity classification using pre-established criteria with a specified communication matrix and escalation thresholds. The SIRT remains engaged throughout the incident response lifecycle, including detection and analysis, containment, eradication and recovery, and post-incident remediation, and coordinates with the impacted

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business functions, if warranted. Once a cyber incident is confirmed, the SIRT is responsible for maintaining situational awareness and continuous monitoring of the need for escalation or de-escalation of the incident’s severity classification. As certain escalation thresholds are exceeded, additional levels of management notification are required by the SIRT, including notification of and recurring communication with Entergy’s Incident Response Team, which includes the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Operating Officer, the CSO, other executive management, and members of the affected business functions. Depending upon the facts, analysis, materiality, and anticipated or current impacts, the Chief Executive Officer and the General Counsel will determine the timing and cadence for communication of the cyber incident with the Board of Directors or Audit Committee.

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MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Winter Storm Fern

See the “Winter Storm Fern” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for a discussion of Winter Storm Fern. Entergy Arkansas’s preliminary estimate for the cost of mobilizing crews and restoring power is approximately $50 million to $60 million, with the majority of the costs being capital. Natural gas purchases for Entergy Arkansas for January 2026 are $74 million compared to natural gas purchases for January 2025 of $25 million.

Results of Operations

2025 Compared to 2024

Net Income

Net income increased $118.0 million primarily due to a $131.8 million ($99.1 million net-of-tax) charge, recorded in first quarter 2024, to reflect the write-off of a previously recorded regulatory asset as a result of an adverse decision in the opportunity sales proceeding in March 2024, higher volume/weather, and higher retail electric price, partially offset by higher depreciation and amortization expenses, higher other operation and maintenance expenses, higher interest expense, an $18.3 million reduction in income tax expense in third quarter 2024 as a result of the resolution of an Arkansas state income tax audit, and higher taxes other than income taxes. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the opportunity sales proceeding. See Note 3 to the financial statements for discussion of the resolution of the Arkansas state income tax audit.

Operating Revenues

Following is an analysis of the change in operating revenues comparing 2025 to 2024:

Entergy Arkansas’s results include revenues from rate mechanisms designed to recover fuel, purchased power, and other costs such that the revenues and expenses associated with these items generally offset and do not affect net income. “Fuel, rider, and other revenues that do not significantly affect net income” includes the revenue variance associated with these items.

The increase in industrial usage is primarily due to an increase in demand from large industrial customers, primarily in the primary metals and technology industries, and an increase in demand from small industrial customers. The increase in residential usage is primarily due to an increase in customers.

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Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

The retail one-time bill credit variance represents the disbursement of settlement proceeds in the form of a one-time bill credit provided to Entergy Arkansas’s retail customers during the August 2024 billing cycle through the Grand Gulf credit rider as a result of the System Energy settlement with the APSC. There is no effect on net income because Entergy Arkansas previously recorded a regulatory liability for the effects of the System Energy settlement with the APSC. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the System Energy settlement with the APSC and discussion of the Grand Gulf credit rider.

The retail electric price variance is primarily due to an increase in formula rate plan rates effective January 2025. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the 2024 formula rate plan filing.

Total electric energy sales for Entergy Arkansas for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

See Note 19 to the financial statements for additional discussion of Entergy Arkansas’s operating revenues.

Other Income Statement Variances

Other operation and maintenance expenses increased primarily due to:

•an increase of $14.0 million in power delivery expenses primarily due to higher vegetation maintenance costs;

•an increase of $13.9 million in non-nuclear generation expenses primarily due to a higher scope of work, including during plant outages, in 2025 as compared to 2024;

•an increase of $6.1 million in bad debt expense;

•the expensing of $5.0 million of certain wind and solar project costs associated with the decision to evaluate alternative generation solutions; and

•several individually insignificant items.

The increase was partially offset by contract costs of $11.5 million in 2024 related to operational performance, customer service, and organizational health initiatives and a decrease of $10.9 million in energy efficiency expenses primarily due to the timing of recovery from customers.

Asset write-offs includes a $131.8 million charge, recorded in first quarter 2024, to reflect the write-off of a previously recorded regulatory asset as a result of an adverse decision in the opportunity sales proceeding in March 2024.

Taxes other than income taxes increased primarily due to increases in ad valorem taxes resulting from higher assessments and millage rate increases.

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Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased primarily due to additions to plant in service, including the Walnut Bend Solar facility, which was placed in service in September 2024, and the West Memphis Solar facility and the Driver Solar facility, which were placed in service in December 2024.

Other regulatory charges (credits) - net includes:

•the reversal in third quarter 2024 of a $92.3 million regulatory liability recognized for the obligation to return to customers the refund from the System Energy settlement with the APSC. The reversal of the regulatory liability offsets a reduction in gross revenues from the retail one-time bill credits provided to customers in the August 2024 billing cycle through the Grand Gulf credit rider. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the System Energy settlement with the APSC and discussion of the Grand Gulf credit rider;

•a regulatory credit of $28.3 million, recorded in fourth quarter 2025, to reflect the amount of the 2024 historical year netting adjustment to be collected from Entergy Arkansas’s customers during the 2026 rate effective period as included in the 2025 formula rate plan filing. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the 2025 formula rate plan filing; and

•a regulatory credit of $15.5 million, recorded in fourth quarter 2024, to reflect the amount of the 2023 historical year netting adjustment to be collected from Entergy Arkansas’s customers during the 2025 rate effective period as included in the 2024 formula rate plan filing. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the 2024 formula rate plan filing.

Interest expense increased primarily due to the issuance of $400 million of 5.45% Series mortgage bonds in May 2024 and an additional $300 million in a reopening of the same series in May 2025.

The effective income tax rates were 19.8% for 2025 and 18.9% for 2024. See Note 3 to the financial statements for a reconciliation of the federal statutory rate of 21% to the effective income tax rates and for additional discussion regarding income taxes.

2024 Compared to 2023

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Results of Operations” in Item 7 of Entergy Arkansas’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2025, for discussion of results of operations for 2024 compared to 2023.

Income Tax Legislation and Regulation

See the “Income Tax Legislation and Regulation” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for discussion of income tax legislation and regulation.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flow

Cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were as follows:

2025 Compared to 2024

Operating Activities

Net cash flow provided by operating activities increased $356.4 million in 2025 primarily due to:

•higher collections from customers;

•net cash proceeds of $242.6 million received by Entergy Arkansas in 2025, including $215.2 million of proceeds received from Entergy Arkansas’s transfer of 2024 nuclear and solar production tax credits to third parties in 2025 and net cash receipts of $27.4 million from affiliates in 2025 in accordance with the Unit Power Sales Agreement and the MSS-4 replacement tariff related to the transfer of 2024 nuclear production tax credits by Entergy Arkansas and affiliates to third parties in 2025. See Note 3 to the financial statements for discussion of the nuclear and solar production tax credits;

•income tax refunds of $29.7 million in 2025 compared to income tax payments of $9.5 million in 2024. Entergy Arkansas received income tax refunds in 2025 and made income tax payments in 2024, each in accordance with Entergy’s tax allocation agreement;

•a decrease of $23.7 million in spending on nuclear refueling outages in 2025 as compared to 2024; and

•a decrease of $19.6 million in pension contributions in 2025. See “Critical Accounting Estimates – Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits” below and Note 11 to the financial statements for a discussion of qualified pension and other postretirement benefits funding.

The increase was partially offset by:

•higher fuel and purchased power payments. See Note 2 to the financial statements for a discussion of fuel and purchased power cost recovery;

•the timing of payments to vendors; and

•the receipt of $92.7 million in settlement proceeds in 2024 as a result of the System Energy settlement with the APSC, which was subsequently refunded to retail customers in third quarter 2024 with one-time bill credits through the Grand Gulf credit rider.

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Investing Activities

Net cash flow used in investing activities decreased $535.5 million in 2025 primarily due to:

•the initial and substantial completion payments totaling approximately $392.8 million in 2024 for the purchase of the Driver Solar facility;

•the initial and substantial completion payments totaling approximately $240.4 million in 2024 for the purchase of the West Memphis Solar facility;

•the initial and substantial completion payments totaling approximately $185.5 million in 2024 for the purchase of the Walnut Bend Solar facility;

•a decrease in cash used of $38.2 million as a result of fluctuations in nuclear fuel activity due to variations from year to year in the timing and pricing of fuel reload requirements, materials and services deliveries, and the timing of cash payments during the nuclear fuel cycle; and

•a decrease of $30.0 million in transmission construction expenditures primarily due to decreased spending on various transmission projects in 2025.

The decrease was partially offset by:

•an increase of $201.0 million in non-nuclear generation construction expenditures primarily due to higher spending on the Ironwood Power Station (formerly Lake Catherine Unit 5) project and the Jefferson Power Station project;

•an increase of $92.0 million in distribution construction expenditures primarily due to higher capital expenditures for storm restoration in 2025;

•cash collateral of $37.0 million posted in 2025 to support Entergy Arkansas’s obligations to MISO; and

•money pool activity.

Financing Activities

Net cash flow provided by financing activities decreased $622.2 million in 2025 primarily due to:

•the issuances of $400 million of 5.45% Series mortgage bonds and $400 million of 5.75% Series mortgage bonds, each in May 2024;

•capital contributions of approximately $695 million received from Entergy Corporation in 2024 to partially finance the acquisitions of the Walnut Bend Solar facility, the West Memphis Solar facility, and the Driver Solar facility;

•the issuance of $70 million of 5.54% Series O notes by the Entergy Arkansas nuclear fuel company variable interest entity in March 2024; and

•a decrease of $16.6 million in advance payments from customers for construction related to transmission, distribution, and generator interconnection agreements.

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The decrease was partially offset by:

•the repayment, at maturity, of $375 million of 3.70% Series mortgage bonds in June 2024;

•the issuance of $300 million of 5.45% Series mortgage bonds in May 2025;

•a decrease of $120 million in common equity distributions paid in 2025 in order to maintain Entergy Arkansas’s capital structure;

•money pool activity; and

•a decrease in net repayments of $38.9 million on the nuclear fuel company variable interest entity’s credit facility.

Decreases in Entergy Arkansas’s payable to the money pool are a use of cash flow, and Entergy Arkansas’s payable to the money pool decreased $15.2 million in 2025 compared to decreasing by $130.2 million in 2024.

2024 Compared to 2023

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Cash Flow” in Item 7 of Entergy Arkansas’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2025, for discussion of operating, investing, and financing cash flow activities for 2024 compared to 2023.

Capital Structure

Entergy Arkansas’s debt to capital ratio is shown in the following table.

Entergy Arkansas seeks to optimize its capital structure in accordance with its regulatory requirements and to control its cost of capital while also maintaining equity capitalization at a level consistent with investment-grade debt ratings. To the extent that operating cash flows are in excess of planned investments, cash may be used to reduce outstanding debt or may be paid as a distribution, to the extent funds are legally available to do so, or both, in appropriate amounts to maintain the capital structure. To the extent that operating cash flows are insufficient to support planned investments, Entergy Arkansas may issue incremental debt or reduce distributions, or both, to maintain its capital structure. In addition, in certain infrequent circumstances, such as financing of large transactions that would materially alter the capital structure if financed entirely with debt and reduced distributions, Entergy Arkansas may receive equity contributions to maintain its capital structure.

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Uses of Capital

Entergy Arkansas requires capital resources for:

•construction and other capital investments;

•debt maturities or retirements;

•working capital purposes, including the financing of fuel and purchased power costs; and

•distribution and interest payments.

Following are the amounts of Entergy Arkansas’s planned construction and other capital investments.

Recent announcements of changes to international trade policy and tariffs and further similar changes may impact Entergy Arkansas’s business, operations, results of operations, and liquidity and capital resources. Potential impacts may include increases in costs associated with Entergy Arkansas’s capital investments or operation and maintenance expenses; operational impacts, such as supply chain, manufacturing, cost and availability of qualified, skilled labor, or raw materials sourcing disruptions which may affect Entergy Arkansas’s ability to make planned capital investments as and when expected and needed; legal uncertainties, such as potential legal or other challenges to presidential tariff authority; or broader economic risks, including changes to domestic monetary policy, shifting customer demand, impacts on customer investment decisions, and volatile or uncertain credit and capital markets, which may affect Entergy Arkansas’s ability to access needed capital.

Entergy Arkansas has incurred incremental cost increases due to certain tariff-exposed inputs, including select equipment, components, or underlying raw materials. As of the date of this Form 10-K, such increases have not had a material effect on its current and planned capital projects. Entergy Arkansas is not able to predict any further effects of such tariffs or the effects of potential changes in regulation and law, changes to governmental

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programs, such as loans, grants, guarantees, and other subsidies, and trade-related governmental actions, such as tariffs and other measures, on its current and planned capital projects.

(a)Long-term debt is discussed in Note 5 to the financial statements.

(b)Lease obligations are discussed in Note 10 to the financial statements.

Other Obligations

Entergy Arkansas currently expects to contribute approximately $29.7 million to its qualified pension plans and approximately $710 thousand to its other postretirement plans in 2026, although the 2026 required pension contributions will be known with more certainty when the January 1, 2026, valuations are completed, which is expected by April 1, 2026. See “Critical Accounting Estimates – Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits” below and Note 11 to the financial statements for a discussion of qualified pension and other postretirement benefits funding.

See Note 3 to the financial statements for additional information regarding unrecognized tax benefits.

In addition, Entergy Arkansas enters into fuel and purchased power agreements that contain minimum purchase obligations. Entergy Arkansas has rate mechanisms in place to recover fuel, purchased power, and associated costs incurred under these purchase obligations. See Note 8 to the financial statements for discussion of Entergy Arkansas’s obligations under the Unit Power Sales Agreement.

As a wholly-owned subsidiary of Entergy Utility Holding Company, LLC, Entergy Arkansas pays distributions from its earnings at a percentage determined monthly.

Ironwood Power Station

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Entergy Arkansas filed a motion for clarification concerning the appropriate calculation of the benchmark that was below the estimated cost of Ironwood Power Station and was based upon older technology and dated pricing. Entergy Arkansas will have the opportunity to present later all actual costs to the APSC for review and a prudence determination of final costs, including costs incremental to the benchmark. In June 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed its independent monitor proposal with the APSC and is awaiting direction on the proposal and the motion for clarification. Entergy Arkansas proposes to recover the costs of constructing Ironwood Power Station through the Generating Arkansas Jobs Act rider. The facility is expected to be in service by the end of 2028. See “State and Local Rate Regulation and Fuel-Cost Recovery - Retail Rates - Generating Arkansas Jobs Act Rider” below for discussion of the Generating Jobs Act rider, which was approved by the APSC in October 2025.

Jefferson Power Station

In August 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed an application with the APSC seeking a certificate of environmental compatibility and public need for the construction and operation of Jefferson Power Station, an approximately 754 MW natural gas-fired combined cycle combustion turbine facility to be located in Jefferson County, Arkansas. The facility will primarily be powered by natural gas, and it will also be enabled for future carbon capture and storage and for hydrogen co-firing optionality. The estimated cost of the project is $1,602 million. In September 2025 other parties, including the APSC general staff, filed testimony opposing the resource pending further information, although the APSC general staff recognized the capacity need for the resource and that Entergy Arkansas had satisfied the statutory requirements for a certificate of environmental compatibility and public need. Much of the opposition focused on the fact that the resource was not identified through a competitive solicitation. Entergy Arkansas filed testimony further supporting its application in September and October 2025. A hearing was held in October 2025 and November 2025. In January 2026 the APSC issued its order finding that Entergy Arkansas had demonstrated a need for the resource but had not met its burden with respect to supporting the prudence of the costs to construct the resource. The APSC acknowledged that the costs would be greater if Entergy Arkansas waited to pursue the resource. The APSC authorized Entergy Arkansas to proceed with Jefferson Power Station as a strategic investment with estimated costs set at a benchmark, which the APSC erroneously believed reflected the current cost estimate but is, in fact, $90 million below the cost presented. Entergy Arkansas is evaluating whether to make a request for rehearing to correct the benchmark. Additionally, the APSC found that Entergy Arkansas should conduct all-source competitive solicitations moving forward with a limited exception for certain resources associated with customer growth projects. Entergy Arkansas proposes to recover the costs of constructing Jefferson Power Station through the Generating Arkansas Jobs Act rider. Subject to receipt of required regulatory approval and other conditions, the facility is expected to be in service by the end of 2029. See “State and Local Rate Regulation and Fuel-Cost Recovery - Retail Rates - Generating Arkansas Jobs Act Rider” below for discussion of the Generating Jobs Act rider, which was approved by the APSC in October 2025.

Special Rate Contract and Arkansas Cypress Solar

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Solar facility investment tax credits and allowing those to be used in the pricing of the Arkansas Cypress Solar facility to Google as provided for in the contract.

In September 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed an application with the APSC seeking a certificate of environmental compatibility and public need for the construction and operation of the Arkansas Cypress Solar facility, a planned 600 MW solar photovoltaic array with a 350 MW battery energy storage system and associated transmission facilities interconnecting at Entergy Arkansas’s White Bluff substation. The estimated cost of the project is $1,602 million. Entergy Arkansas is seeking public interest and prudence findings from the APSC no later than 180 days from the filing, pursuant to Act 373 of 2025, to construct the Arkansas Cypress Solar facility in support of its long-term special rate contract with Google. In October 2025 the APSC general staff and the Arkansas Attorney General filed responsive testimony opposing the project cost and seeking additional information. Subsequently, the APSC general staff submitted supplemental testimony to update its initial conclusion and recommendations, noting that the Arkansas Cypress Solar facility is a reasonable project and recommending the APSC approve the project under certain conditions. Entergy Arkansas proposes to recover the costs of constructing the Arkansas Cypress Solar facility through the Generating Arkansas Jobs Act rider. A hearing was held in December 2025, and an APSC decision is due in March 2026. Subject to receipt of required regulatory approval and other conditions, the facility is expected to be in service by the end of 2028. See “State and Local Rate Regulation and Fuel-Cost Recovery - Retail Rates - Generating Arkansas Jobs Act Rider” below for discussion of the Generating Jobs Act rider, which was approved by the APSC in October 2025.

Sources of Capital

Entergy Arkansas’s sources to meet its capital requirements include:

•internally generated funds;

•cash on hand;

•the Entergy system money pool;

•debt or preferred membership interest issuances, including debt issuances to refund or retire currently outstanding or maturing indebtedness;

•capital contributions; and

•bank financing under new or existing facilities.

Circumstances such as weather patterns, fuel and purchased power price fluctuations, and unanticipated expenses, including unscheduled plant outages and storms, could affect the timing and level of internally generated funds in the future. In addition to the financings necessary to meet capital requirements and contractual obligations, Entergy Arkansas expects to continue, when economically feasible, to retire higher-cost debt and replace it with lower-cost debt if market conditions permit.

All debt and common and preferred membership interest issuances by Entergy Arkansas require prior regulatory approval. Entergy Arkansas has sufficient capacity under these tests to meet its foreseeable capital needs for the next twelve months and beyond.

See Note 4 to the financial statements for a description of the money pool.

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Entergy Arkansas has a credit facility in the amount of $300 million scheduled to expire in June 2030. Entergy Arkansas also has a $25 million credit facility scheduled to expire in April 2026. The $300 million credit facility includes fronting commitments for the issuance of letters of credit against $5 million of the borrowing capacity of the facility. As of December 31, 2025, $93.3 million in letters of credit were outstanding under Entergy Arkansas’s uncommitted letter of credit facilities. See Note 4 to the financial statements for further discussion of the credit facilities.

See Note 4 to the financial statements for further discussion of the nuclear fuel company variable interest entity credit facility.

Entergy Arkansas obtained authorization from the FERC through February 2028 for the following:

•short-term borrowings not to exceed an aggregate amount of $250 million at any time outstanding;

•long-term borrowings and securities issuances; and

•borrowings by its nuclear fuel company variable interest entity.

Entergy Arkansas has obtained first mortgage bond/secured financing authorization from the APSC that extends through December 2027.

State and Local Rate Regulation and Fuel-Cost Recovery

The rates that Entergy Arkansas charges for its services significantly influence its financial position, results of operations, and liquidity. Entergy Arkansas is regulated, and the rates charged to its customers are determined in regulatory proceedings. A governmental agency, the APSC, is primarily responsible for approval of the rates charged to customers.

Retail Rates

2023 Formula Rate Plan Filing

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over a 10-year period as well as recovery of $34.9 million related to the resolution of the 2016 and 2017 IRS audits from previous tax positions that are no longer uncertain, partially offset by $24.7 million in excess accumulated deferred income taxes from reductions in state income tax rates, each before consideration of their respective tax gross-up. See Note 3 to the financial statements for further discussion of the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit and the State of Arkansas corporate income tax rate changes. In December 2023 the APSC approved the settlement agreement as being in the public interest and approved Entergy Arkansas’s compliance tariff effective with the first billing cycle of January 2024.

2024 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In July 2024, Entergy Arkansas filed with the APSC its 2024 formula rate plan filing to set its formula rate for the 2025 calendar year. The filing contained an evaluation of Entergy Arkansas’s earnings for the 2025 projected year and a netting adjustment for the 2023 historical year. The filing showed that Entergy Arkansas’s earned rate of return on common equity for the 2025 projected year was 8.43% resulting in a revenue deficiency of $69.5 million. The earned rate of return on common equity for the 2023 historical year was 7.48% resulting in a $33.1 million netting adjustment. The total proposed revenue change for the 2025 projected year and 2023 historical year netting adjustment was $102.6 million. By operation of the formula rate plan, Entergy Arkansas’s recovery of the revenue requirement is subject to a four percent annual revenue constraint. Because Entergy Arkansas’s revenue requirement in this filing exceeded the constraint, the resulting increase was limited to $82.6 million. Entergy Arkansas filed its rebuttal in October 2024, and later in October 2024 the parties submitted a joint issues list and stipulations setting forth the disputed issues and the noncontested issues. Also in December 2024 the APSC approved Entergy Arkansas’s compliance tariff effective with the first billing cycle of January 2025. As a result of the proceeding, the total revenue change was $82.7 million, including a $63.7 million increase for the 2025 projected year and a $31.4 million netting adjustment for the 2023 historical year. In fourth quarter 2024, Entergy Arkansas recorded a regulatory asset of $15.5 million to reflect the amount of the 2023 historical year netting adjustment that it collected from its customers during the 2025 rate effective period. Pursuant to the terms of the parties’ stipulations, Entergy Arkansas made a filing with the APSC in January 2025 to refund customers $30.1 million in excess accumulated deferred income taxes resulting from the reduction in the State of Arkansas’s income tax rate from 4.8% to 4.3% in 2024. Entergy Arkansas began refunding this amount over a 24-month period effective with the first billing cycle of February 2025.

2025 Formula Rate Plan Filing

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issues remaining outstanding among the parties to the proceeding, in October 2025, Entergy Arkansas and the APSC general staff filed a joint motion requesting the APSC cancel the hearing and issue a decision based on the pleadings and testimony in the record. The APSC granted this request. In December 2025 the APSC approved Entergy Arkansas’s request as modified by the APSC general staff’s errors and objections report and Entergy Arkansas’s rebuttal testimony. Also in December 2025 the APSC approved Entergy Arkansas’s compliance tariff effective with the first billing cycle of January 2026. As a result of the proceeding, the total revenue change was $93.9 million, including a $65.6 million increase for the 2026 projected year and a $48.8 million netting adjustment for the 2024 historical year. In fourth quarter 2025, Entergy Arkansas recorded a regulatory asset of $28.3 million to reflect the amount of the 2024 historical year netting adjustment that it expects to collect from its customers during the 2026 rate effective period.

Grand Gulf Credit Rider

In June 2024, Entergy Arkansas filed with the APSC a tariff to provide retail customers a credit resulting from the terms of the settlement agreement between Entergy Arkansas, System Energy, additional named Entergy parties, and the APSC pertaining to System Energy’s billings for wholesale sales of energy and capacity from the Grand Gulf nuclear plant. See “Complaints Against System Energy - System Energy Settlement with the APSC” in Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the System Energy settlement with the APSC. In July 2024 the APSC approved the tariff, under which Entergy Arkansas would refund to retail customers a total of $100.6 million. Entergy Arkansas refunded $92.3 million of the total through one-time bill credits under the Grand Gulf credit rider during the August 2024 billing cycle. In March 2025, Entergy Arkansas included the remaining balance as a credit to retail customers in its energy cost recovery rider rate redetermination filing. See further discussion within “Energy Cost Recovery Rider” below. In April 2025 the APSC approved Entergy Arkansas’s proposal to include the remaining balance in its energy cost recovery rider effective with the first billing cycle of April 2025 and the withdrawal of the Grand Gulf credit rider after all credits had been issued. Credits to retail customers were completed in second quarter 2025, and the Grand Gulf credit rider was subsequently withdrawn.

Generating Arkansas Jobs Act Rider

Energy Cost Recovery Rider

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charges, of the energy costs for the prior calendar year. The energy cost recovery rider tariff also allows an interim rate request depending upon the level of over- or under-recovery of fuel and purchased energy costs.

In March 2018, Entergy Arkansas filed its annual redetermination of its energy cost rate pursuant to the energy cost recovery rider, which reflected an increase in the rate from $0.01547 per kWh to $0.01882 per kWh. The Arkansas Attorney General filed a response to Entergy Arkansas’s annual redetermination filing requesting that the APSC suspend the proposed tariff to investigate the amount of the redetermination or, alternatively, to allow recovery subject to refund. Among the reasons the Attorney General cited for suspension were questions pertaining to how Entergy Arkansas forecasted sales and potential implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Entergy Arkansas replied to the Attorney General’s filing and stated that, to the extent there are questions pertaining to its load forecasting or the operation of the energy cost recovery rider, those issues exceed the scope of the instant rate redetermination. Entergy Arkansas also stated that potential effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act are appropriately considered in the APSC’s separate proceeding regarding potential implications of the tax law. The APSC general staff filed a reply to the Attorney General’s filing and agreed that Entergy Arkansas’s filing complied with the terms of the energy cost recovery rider. The redetermined rate became effective with the first billing cycle of April 2018. Subsequently in April 2018 the APSC issued an order declining to suspend Entergy Arkansas’s energy cost recovery rider rate and declining to require further investigation at that time of the issues suggested by the Attorney General in the proceeding. Following a period of discovery, the Attorney General filed a supplemental response in October 2018 raising new issues with Entergy Arkansas’s March 2018 rate redetermination and asserting that $45.7 million of the increase should be collected subject to refund pending further investigation. Entergy Arkansas filed to dismiss the Attorney General’s supplemental response, the APSC general staff filed a motion to strike the Attorney General’s filing, and the Attorney General filed a supplemental response disputing Entergy Arkansas and the APSC staff’s filing. Applicable APSC rules and processes authorize its general staff to initiate periodic audits

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of Entergy Arkansas’s energy cost recovery rider. The timing of the audit’s completion is uncertain at this time.

In March 2023, Entergy Arkansas filed its annual redetermination of its energy cost rate pursuant to the energy cost recovery rider, which reflected an increase in the rate from $0.01639 per kWh to $0.01883 per kWh. In February 2023 the APSC issued orders initiating proceedings to address the prudence of costs incurred and appropriate cost allocation of the February 2021 winter storms, and in September 2023 the APSC issued an order finding Entergy Arkansas’s practices during the February 2021 winter storms to be prudent. See “Complaints Against System Energy - Grand Gulf Sale-leaseback Renewal Complaint and Uncertain Tax Position Rate Base Issue” in Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the compliance report filed by System Energy with the FERC in January 2023. The redetermined rate of $0.01883 per kWh became effective with the first billing cycle in April 2023 through the normal operation of the tariff.

In March 2025, Entergy Arkansas filed its annual redetermination of its energy cost rate pursuant to the energy cost recovery rider, which reflected an increase in the rate from $0.00882 per kWh to $0.01333 per kWh. The annual redetermination included a credit related to the remaining balance due to retail customers from the System Energy settlement with the APSC, plus carrying charges and interest. See “Retail Rates - Grand Gulf Credit Rider” above for further discussion. The primary reason for the rate increase was an adjustment to account for projected increases in natural gas prices in 2025. This adjustment is expected to reduce the rate change that will be reflected in Entergy Arkansas’s 2026 energy cost rate redetermination.

Opportunity Sales Proceeding

In June 2009 the LPSC filed a complaint requesting that the FERC determine that certain of Entergy Arkansas’s sales of electric energy to third parties: (a) violated the provisions of the System Agreement that allocated the energy generated by Entergy System resources; (b) imprudently denied the Entergy System and its ultimate consumers the benefits of low-cost Entergy System generating capacity; and (c) violated the provision of the System Agreement that prohibited sales to third parties by individual companies absent an offer of a right-of-first-refusal to other Utility operating companies. The LPSC’s complaint challenged sales made beginning in 2002 and requested refunds. In July 2009 the Utility operating companies filed a response to the complaint arguing among other things that the System Agreement contemplated that the Utility operating companies may make sales to third parties for their own account, subject to the requirement that those sales be included in the load (or load shape) for the applicable Utility operating company. The FERC subsequently ordered a hearing in the proceeding.

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In October 2018 the FERC issued an order addressing the ALJ’s July 2017 initial decision. The FERC reversed the ALJ’s decision to cap the reduction in Entergy Arkansas’s payment to account for the increased bandwidth payments that Entergy Arkansas made to the other operating companies. The FERC also reversed the ALJ’s decision that Grand Gulf sales from January through September 2000 should be included in the calculation of Entergy Arkansas’s payment. The FERC affirmed on other grounds the ALJ’s rejection of the LPSC’s claim that certain joint account sales should be accounted for as part of the calculation of Entergy Arkansas’s payment. In November 2018 the LPSC requested rehearing of the FERC’s October 2018 decision. In December 2019 the FERC denied the LPSC’s request for rehearing.

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Entergy Arkansas previously recognized a regulatory asset with a balance of $116 million as of December 31, 2018 for a portion of the payments due as a result of this proceeding.

Net Metering Legislation

After the passage of an Arkansas net metering law that was enacted effective July 2019, the APSC approved numerous applications allowing Entergy Arkansas customers to enter into purchase power agreements with third parties and to utilize these purchase power agreements to offset power usage by Entergy Arkansas, despite the lack of proximity between the purchase power agreement and the end-use customer. These decisions by the APSC created subsidies in favor of

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eligible net metering customers to the detriment of non-participating customers. The size and number of customers eligible under the 2019 law present a risk of loss of load and shifting of costs to customers.

Another Arkansas law was enacted effective March 2023 that revised the billing arrangements for net metering facilities in order to reduce the cost shift to non-net metering customers. The new law also imposes a new limit of 5 MW for future net metering facilities, allows utilities to recover net metering credits in the same manner as fuel, and grandfathers certain net metering facilities that are online or in process to be online by September 2024. As of October 2024, new net metering facilities are subject to two-channel billing. Because of the new law, in May 2023, the APSC closed its prior cost-shifting proceeding and grandfathering rulemaking relating to the prior net metering rate structure. Under the new law, the APSC had to approve revisions to utilities’ net metering tariffs to conform to the new law no later than December 2023. The APSC opened a new rulemaking in April 2023 to consider implementation of the new law and tariffs. In October 2023 the APSC issued new net metering rules to conform to the new law, and utilities, including Entergy Arkansas, filed revised net metering tariffs to comply with the new rules on October 16, 2023. Entergy Arkansas’s revised net metering tariff was approved by the APSC in December 2023.

Industrial and Commercial Customers

Entergy Arkansas’s large industrial and commercial customers continually explore ways to reduce their energy costs.

Federal Regulation

See the “Rate, Cost-recovery, and Other Regulation – Federal Regulation” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis and Note 2 to the financial statements for a discussion of federal regulation.

Nuclear Matters

Entergy Arkansas owns and, through an affiliate, operates the ANO 1 and 2 nuclear generating plants and is, therefore, subject to the risks related to such ownership and operation. In the event of an unanticipated early shutdown of either ANO 1 or 2, Entergy Arkansas may be required to file with the APSC a rate mechanism to provide additional funds or credit support to satisfy regulatory requirements for decommissioning. ANO 1’s operating license expires in 2034 and ANO 2’s operating license expires in 2038. In November 2025, Entergy Arkansas notified the NRC of its intent to submit applications to further extend the operating licenses for ANO 1 and 2. Entergy Arkansas expects to submit the renewal applications for ANO 1 by the end of fourth quarter 2029 and for ANO 2 by the end of fourth quarter 2033.

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Environmental Risks

Entergy Arkansas’s facilities and operations are subject to regulation by various governmental authorities having jurisdiction over air quality, water quality, control of toxic substances and hazardous and solid wastes, and other environmental matters. Management believes that Entergy Arkansas is in substantial compliance with environmental regulations currently applicable to its facilities and operations, with reference to possible exceptions noted in “Regulation of Entergy’s Business - Environmental Regulation” in Part I, Item 1. Because environmental regulations are subject to change, future compliance costs cannot be precisely estimated.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of Entergy Arkansas’s financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to apply appropriate accounting policies and to make estimates and judgments that can have a significant effect on reported financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Management has identified the following accounting estimates as critical because they are based on assumptions and measurements that involve a high degree of uncertainty, and the potential for future changes in these assumptions and measurements could produce estimates that would have a material effect on the presentation of Entergy Arkansas’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Nuclear Decommissioning Costs

See “Nuclear Decommissioning Costs” in the “Critical Accounting Estimates” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for discussion of the estimates inherent in accounting for nuclear decommissioning costs.

Utility Regulatory Accounting

See “Utility Regulatory Accounting” in the “Critical Accounting Estimates” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for discussion of accounting for the effects of rate regulation.

Taxation and Uncertain Tax Positions

See “Taxation and Uncertain Tax Positions” in the “Critical Accounting Estimates” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for further discussion.

Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

Entergy Arkansas’s qualified pension and other postretirement reported costs, as described in Note 11 to the financial statements, are affected by numerous factors including the provisions of the plans, changing employee demographics, and various actuarial calculations, assumptions, and accounting mechanisms. See “Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits” in the “Critical Accounting Estimates” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for further discussion. Because of the complexity of these calculations, the long-term nature of these obligations, and the importance of the assumptions utilized, Entergy’s estimate of these costs is a critical accounting estimate.

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Cost Sensitivity

The following chart reflects the sensitivity of qualified pension cost and qualified projected benefit obligation to changes in certain actuarial assumptions (dollars in thousands).

The following chart reflects the sensitivity of postretirement benefits cost and accumulated postretirement benefit obligation to changes in certain actuarial assumptions (dollars in thousands).

Each fluctuation above assumes that the other components of the calculation are held constant.

Costs and Employer Contributions

Total qualified pension cost for Entergy Arkansas in 2025 was $20.9 million, including $1.5 million in settlement costs. Entergy Arkansas contributed $35.5 million to its qualified pension plans in 2025 and estimates pension contributions will be approximately $29.7 million in 2026, although the 2026 required pension contributions will be known with more certainty when the January 1, 2026 valuations are completed, which is expected by April 1, 2026.

Total postretirement health care and life insurance benefit income for Entergy Arkansas in 2025 was $6.8 million.

Other Contingencies

See “Other Contingencies” in the “Critical Accounting Estimates” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for a discussion of the estimates associated with environmental, litigation, and other risks.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See the “New Accounting Pronouncements” section of Note 1 to the financial statements for a discussion of new accounting pronouncements.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the member and Board of Directors of

Entergy Arkansas, LLC and Subsidiaries

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Entergy Arkansas, LLC and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of income, cash flows and changes in equity (pages 348 through 352 and applicable items in pages 53 through 246), for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Rate and Regulatory Matters — Entergy Arkansas, LLC and Subsidiaries — Refer to Note 2 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company is subject to rate regulation by the Arkansas Public Service Commission (the “APSC”), which has jurisdiction with respect to the rates of electric companies in Arkansas, and to wholesale rate regulation by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”). Management has determined it meets the requirements under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America to prepare its financial statements applying the specialized rules to account for the effects of cost-based rate regulation.

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The Company’s rates are subject to regulatory rate-setting processes and annual earnings oversight. Because the APSC and the FERC set the rates the Company is allowed to charge customers based on allowable costs, including a reasonable return on equity, the Company applies accounting standards that require the financial statements to reflect the effects of rate regulation, including the recording of regulatory assets and liabilities. The Company assesses whether the regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities continue to meet the criteria for probable future recovery or settlement at each balance sheet date and when regulatory events occur. This assessment includes consideration of recent rate orders, historical regulatory treatment for similar costs, and factors such as changes in applicable regulatory and political environments. While the Company has indicated it expects to recover costs from customers through regulated rates, there is a risk that the APSC and the FERC will not approve: (1) full recovery of the costs of providing utility service, or (2) full recovery of amounts invested in the utility business and a reasonable return on that investment.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the uncertainty of future decisions by the APSC and the FERC, recovery in future rates of regulatory assets and refunds or future reductions in rates related to regulatory liabilities included the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of management’s controls over the evaluation of the likelihood of (1) the recovery in future rates of regulatory assets, and (2) a refund or a future reduction in rates that should be reported as regulatory liabilities. We also tested the effectiveness of management’s controls over the initial recognition of amounts as regulatory assets or liabilities and the monitoring and evaluation of regulatory developments that may affect the likelihood of recovering costs in future rates or of a future reduction in rates.

•We evaluated the Company’s disclosures related to the impacts of rate regulation, including the balances recorded and regulatory developments.

•We read relevant regulatory orders issued by the APSC and the FERC for the Company to assess the likelihood of recovery in future rates or of a future reduction in rates based on precedents of the APSC’s and the FERC’s treatment of similar costs under similar circumstances. We evaluated external information and compared to management’s recorded regulatory asset and liability balances for completeness.

•For regulatory matters in process, we inspected the Company’s filings with the APSC and the FERC and orders issued, and considered the filings with the APSC and the FERC by intervenors that may impact the Company’s future rates, for any evidence that might contradict management’s assertions.

•We obtained an analysis from management and support from internal and external legal counsel, as appropriate, regarding probability of recovery for regulatory assets or refund or future reduction in rates for regulatory liabilities not yet addressed in a regulatory order to assess management’s assertion that amounts are probable of recovery or refund or a future reduction in rates.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

New Orleans, Louisiana

February 19, 2026

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2001.

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ENTERGY LOUISIANA, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Winter Storm Fern

See the “Winter Storm Fern” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for a discussion of Winter Storm Fern. Entergy Louisiana’s preliminary estimate for the cost of mobilizing crews and restoring power is approximately $240 million to $300 million, with the majority of the costs being capital. Natural gas purchases for Entergy Louisiana for January 2026 are $256 million compared to natural gas purchases for January 2025 of $115 million.

Results of Operations

2025 Compared to 2024

Net Income

Net income increased $222.1 million primarily due to expenses of $151.5 million ($110.7 million net-of-tax), recorded in second quarter 2024, primarily consisting of regulatory charges to reflect the effects of an agreement in principle between Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff and the intervenors in July 2024 to renew Entergy Louisiana’s formula rate plan and resolve a number of other retail dockets and matters, including all formula rate plan test years prior to 2023. Also contributing to the increase was higher other income, higher volume/weather, and a higher return on construction work in progress for certain utility plant investments. The increase was partially offset by higher interest expense, higher other operation and maintenance expenses, and higher depreciation and amortization expenses. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the agreement in principle and the subsequently filed global stipulated settlement agreement.

Operating Revenues

Following is an analysis of the change in operating revenues comparing 2025 to 2024:

Entergy Louisiana’s results include revenues from rate mechanisms designed to recover fuel, purchased power, and other costs such that the revenues and expenses associated with these items generally offset and do not affect net income. “Fuel, rider, and other revenues that do not significantly affect net income” includes the revenue variance associated with these items.

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The volume/weather variance is primarily due to an increase in industrial usage resulting from an increase in demand from large industrial customers, primarily in the petroleum refining, chlor-alkali, industrial gases, and petrochemicals industries.

The return on construction work in progress for certain utility plant investments variance represents the revenue related to the amortization of certain customer advances designed to provide a return on investment in construction work in progress for certain utility plant investment, which is recognized as the related costs are incurred.

The retail electric price variance is primarily due to a decrease in Entergy Louisiana's formula rate plan revenues for a two month period beginning in September 2025, resulting from earnings above the authorized return on common equity for the 2024 test year.

The effect of sale of natural gas distribution business variance represents the decrease in operating revenues resulting from the absence of natural gas revenues following the sale of the natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025. See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of Entergy Louisiana’s natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025.

Total electric energy sales for Entergy Louisiana for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

See Note 19 to the financial statements for additional discussion of Entergy Louisiana’s operating revenues.

Other Income Statement Variances

Nuclear refueling outage expenses decreased primarily due to the amortization of lower costs associated with the most recent outages as compared to previous outages.

Other operation and maintenance expenses increased primarily due to:

•an increase of $19.7 million in power delivery expenses primarily due to a higher scope of work performed in 2025 as compared to 2024 and higher vegetation maintenance costs;

•the expensing of $10.8 million of project costs associated with the Bayou Power Station project following Entergy Louisiana’s election in 2025 to cancel the project and evaluate an alternative transmission solution. See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Liquidity and Capital Resources” below for discussion of the Bayou Power Station project;

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•an increase of $10.1 million in bad debt expense;

•an increase of $7.7 million in non-nuclear generation expenses primarily due to a higher scope of work performed during plant outages in 2025 as compared to 2024;

•an increase of $5.6 million in transmission costs allocated by MISO. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the recovery of these costs;

•an increase of $5.1 million in loss provisions; and

•several individually insignificant items.

The increase was partially offset by:

•an $18.6 million gain, recorded in 2025, resulting from the sale of the natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025. See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of Entergy Louisiana’s natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025;

•contract costs of $17.4 million in 2024 related to operational performance, customer service, and organizational health initiatives; and

•a decrease of $13.3 million in nuclear generation expenses primarily due to a lower scope of work performed in 2025 as compared to 2024.

Taxes other than income taxes increased primarily due to increases in ad valorem taxes resulting from higher assessments.

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased primarily due to additions to plant in service and an increase in nuclear depreciation rates effective September 2024 and September 2025 in accordance with the global stipulated settlement agreement approved by the LPSC in August 2024. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the global stipulated settlement agreement.

Other regulatory charges (credits) - net includes regulatory charges of $150.2 million, recorded in second quarter 2024, to reflect the effects of an agreement in principle between Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff and the intervenors in July 2024 to renew Entergy Louisiana’s formula rate plan and resolve a number of other retail dockets and matters, including all formula rate plan test years prior to 2023. The customer rate credits agreed to in the global stipulated settlement began in September 2024. In addition, Entergy Louisiana records a regulatory charge or credit for the difference between asset retirement obligation-related expenses and nuclear decommissioning trust earnings plus asset retirement obligation-related costs collected in revenue. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the agreement in principle and the subsequently filed global stipulated settlement agreement.

Other income increased primarily due to:

•an increase of $43.3 million in the amortization of tax gross ups on customer advances, including customer advances for construction;

•an increase of $25.8 million in interest earned on money pool investments;

•an increase in the allowance for equity funds used during construction due to higher construction work in progress in 2025; and

•a $17.1 million true-up of Entergy Louisiana's MISO cost recovery mechanism over-recovery balance to the 2024 formula rate plan filing, which was filed with the LPSC in May 2025. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the 2024 formula rate plan filing.

See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the storm cost securitizations.

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Interest expense increased primarily due to the issuance of $750 million of 5.80% Series mortgage bonds in January 2025, the issuance of $700 million of 5.15% Series mortgage bonds in August 2024, and an increase of $38.4 million in carrying costs on customer advances, including customer advances for construction. The increase was partially offset by an increase in the allowance for borrowed funds used during construction due to higher construction work in progress in 2025.

The effective income tax rates were 17.6% for 2025 and 20.2% for 2024. See Note 3 to the financial statements for a reconciliation of the federal statutory rate of 21% to the effective income tax rates and for additional discussion regarding income taxes.

2024 Compared to 2023

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Results of Operations” in Item 7 of Entergy Louisiana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2025, for discussion of results of operations for 2024 compared to 2023.

Income Tax Legislation and Regulation

Sale of Natural Gas Distribution Business

See the “Dispositions - Natural Gas Distribution Businesses” section in Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of the Entergy Louisiana natural gas distribution business.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flow

Cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were as follows:

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2025 Compared to 2024

Operating Activities

Net cash flow provided by operating activities increased $494.2 million in 2025 primarily due to:

•higher collections from customers;

•an increase of $257.7 million in receipts from advance payments related to customer agreements in 2025, which are recorded as current liabilities and included within changes in other working capital accounts;

•net cash proceeds of $170.1 million received by Entergy Louisiana in 2025, including $198.3 million in proceeds received from Entergy Louisiana’s transfer of 2024 nuclear production tax credits to third parties in 2025 and net cash payments of $28.2 million to affiliates in 2025 in accordance with the Unit Power Sales Agreement and the MSS-4 replacement tariff related to the transfer of 2024 nuclear production tax credits by Entergy Louisiana and affiliates to third parties in 2025. See Note 3 to the financial statements for discussion of the nuclear production tax credits;

•income tax refunds of $146 million in 2025 compared to income tax payments of $16.9 million in 2024. Entergy Louisiana received income tax refunds in 2025 and made income tax payments in 2024, each in accordance with Entergy’s tax allocation agreement; and

•a decrease of $18.4 million in storm spending primarily due to Hurricane Francine restoration efforts in 2024.

The increase was partially offset by:

•the timing of payments to vendors;

•the receipt of $80.2 million in settlement proceeds in December 2024 as a result of the System Energy settlement with the LPSC. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the System Energy settlement agreement with the LPSC;

•an increase of $47.2 million in interest paid;

•an increase of $24.5 million in spending on nuclear refueling outages in 2025 as compared to 2024;

•$21.3 million received in third quarter 2024 related to the wind up of the NISCO partnership. See Note 9 to the financial statements for a discussion of the NISCO partnership; and

•higher fuel and purchased power payments. See Note 2 to the financial statements for a discussion of fuel and purchased power cost recovery.

Investing Activities

Net cash flow used in investing activities increased $1,365.4 million in 2025 primarily due to:

•an increase of $661.5 million in non-nuclear generation construction expenditures primarily due to higher spending on the Franklin Farms Power Station Units 1 and 2 project, the Waterford 5 Power Station project, and the Sterlington facility project;

•an increase of $347 million in transmission construction expenditures primarily due to higher capital expenditures as a result of increased development in Entergy Louisiana’s service area, including increased investment in the resilience of the transmission system, higher spending on the Amite South transmission projects, and increased spending on various other transmission projects in 2025;

•an increase of $286 million in distribution construction expenditures primarily due to increased investment in the resilience of the distribution system, partially offset by lower capital expenditures for storm restoration in 2025. The decrease in storm restoration expenditures is primarily due to decreased spending on Hurricane Francine restoration efforts in 2025 as compared to 2024;

•an increase of $126.9 million in nuclear construction expenditures primarily due to increased spending on various nuclear projects in 2025;

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•an increase in cash used of $80.8 million as a result of fluctuations in nuclear fuel activity due to variations from year to year in the timing and pricing of fuel reload requirements, materials and services deliveries, and the timing of cash payments during the nuclear fuel cycle;

•cash collateral of $58.4 million posted in 2025 to support Entergy Louisiana’s obligations to MISO; and

•payments totaling $41.4 million to Entergy Texas for the transfer of assets related to the Segno Solar and Votaw Solar facilities to Entergy Louisiana in 2025. See “Uses and Sources of Capital - Segno Solar and Votaw Solar” below for further discussion of the facilities and transfer.

The increase was partially offset by the receipt of $200 million in proceeds from the sale of the natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025 and the receipt of $33.5 million from the storm reserve escrow account in first quarter 2025. See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of Entergy Louisiana’s natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025. See Note 2 to the financial statements for a discussion of the storm reserve funds.

Financing Activities

Entergy Louisiana’s financing activities provided $585.7 million of cash in 2025 as compared to using $411.1 million of cash in 2024 primarily due to the following activity:

•the repayment, prior to maturity, of $1 billion of 0.95% Series mortgage bonds in August 2024;

•the issuance of $750 million of 5.80% Series mortgage bonds in January 2025;

•an increase of $683.9 million in net customer advances for construction related to transmission, distribution, and generator interconnection agreements;

•the repayment, prior to maturity, of $400 million of 5.40% Series mortgage bonds in April 2024;

•a decrease of $102.9 million in common equity distributions paid in 2025 in order to maintain Entergy Louisiana’s capital structure and for future general corporate purposes;

•net long-term borrowings of $56.4 million in 2025 compared to net repayments of $38.5 million in 2024 on the nuclear fuel company variable interest entities’ credit facilities;

•the repayment, prior to maturity, of $110 million of 3.78% Series mortgage bonds in March 2025;

•the repayment, prior to maturity, of $190 million of 3.78% Series mortgage bonds in March 2025;

•the issuance of $700 million of 5.15% Series mortgage bonds in August 2024;

•the issuances of $500 million of 5.35% Series mortgage bonds and $700 million of 5.70% Series mortgage bonds in March 2024; and

•money pool activity.

2024 Compared to 2023

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Cash Flow” in Item 7 of Entergy Louisiana’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2025, for discussion of operating, investing, and financing cash flow activities for 2024 compared to 2023.

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Capital Structure

Entergy Louisiana’s debt to capital ratio is shown in the following table.

Net debt consists of debt less cash and cash equivalents. Debt consists of short-term borrowings, finance lease obligations, and long-term debt, including the currently maturing portion. Capital consists of debt and equity. Net capital consists of capital less cash and cash equivalents. Entergy Louisiana uses the debt to capital ratio in analyzing its financial condition and believes it provides useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating Entergy Louisiana’s financial condition. Entergy Louisiana also uses the net debt to net capital ratio in analyzing its financial condition and believes it provides useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating Entergy Louisiana’s financial condition because net debt indicates Entergy Louisiana’s outstanding debt position that could not be readily satisfied by cash and cash equivalents on hand.

Entergy Louisiana seeks to optimize its capital structure in accordance with its regulatory requirements and to control its cost of capital while also maintaining equity capitalization at a level consistent with investment-grade debt ratings. To the extent that operating cash flows are in excess of planned investments, cash may be used to reduce outstanding debt or may be paid as a distribution, to the extent funds are legally available to do so, or both, in appropriate amounts to maintain the capital structure. To the extent that operating cash flows are insufficient to support planned investments, Entergy Louisiana may issue incremental debt or reduce distributions, or both, to maintain its capital structure. In addition, in certain infrequent circumstances, such as financing of large transactions that would materially alter the capital structure if financed entirely with debt and reduced distributions, Entergy Louisiana may receive equity contributions to maintain its capital structure.

Uses of Capital

Entergy Louisiana requires capital resources for:

•construction and other capital investments;

•debt maturities or retirements;

•working capital purposes, including the financing of fuel and purchased power costs; and

•distribution and interest payments.

In addition to routine capital spending to maintain operations, the planned capital investment estimate for Entergy Louisiana includes investments in generation projects to modernize, decarbonize, expand, and diversify Entergy

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Louisiana’s portfolio, as well as to support customer growth, including Segno Solar, Votaw Solar, Bogalusa West Solar, Cypress Harvest Solar, Franklin Farms Power Station Units 1 and 2, Waterford 5 Power Station, Cottonwood Power Station, Westlake Power Station, and other new generation resources; investments in River Bend and Waterford 3; distribution and Utility support spending to improve reliability, resilience, and customer experience; transmission spending to improve reliability and resilience while also supporting customer growth and renewables expansion; and other investments.

Recent announcements of changes to international trade policy and tariffs and further similar changes may impact Entergy Louisiana’s business, operations, results of operations, and liquidity and capital resources. Potential impacts may include increases in costs associated with Entergy Louisiana’s capital investments or operation and maintenance expenses; operational impacts, such as supply chain, manufacturing, cost and availability of qualified, skilled labor, or raw materials sourcing disruptions which may affect Entergy Louisiana’s ability to make planned capital investments as and when expected and needed; legal uncertainties, such as potential legal or other challenges to presidential tariff authority; or broader economic risks, including changes to domestic monetary policy, shifting customer demand, impacts on customer investment decisions, and volatile or uncertain credit and capital markets, which may affect Entergy Louisiana’s ability to access needed capital.

Entergy Louisiana has incurred incremental cost increases due to certain tariff-exposed inputs, including select equipment, components, or underlying raw materials. As of the date of this Form 10-K, such increases have not had a material effect on its current and planned capital projects. Entergy Louisiana is not able to predict any further effects of such tariffs or the effects of potential changes in regulation and law, changes to governmental programs, such as loans, grants, guarantees, and other subsidies, and trade-related governmental actions, such as tariffs and other measures, on its current and planned capital projects.

Following are the amounts of Entergy Louisiana’s existing debt and lease obligations (includes estimated interest payments).

(a)Long-term debt is discussed in Note 5 to the financial statements.

(b)Lease obligations are discussed in Note 10 to the financial statements.

Other Obligations

Entergy Louisiana currently expects to contribute approximately $41.6 million to its qualified pension plans and approximately $14.1 million to its other postretirement plans in 2026, although the 2026 required pension contributions will be known with more certainty when the January 1, 2026, valuations are completed, which is expected by April 1, 2026. See “Critical Accounting Estimates - Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits” below and Note 11 to the financial statements for a discussion of qualified pension and other postretirement benefits funding.

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Entergy Louisiana has $425.5 million of unrecognized tax benefits net of unused tax attributes plus interest for which the timing of payments beyond 12 months cannot be reasonably estimated due to uncertainties in the timing of effective settlement of tax positions. See Note 3 to the financial statements for additional information regarding unrecognized tax benefits.

In addition, Entergy Louisiana enters into fuel and purchased power agreements that contain minimum purchase obligations. Entergy Louisiana has rate mechanisms in place to recover fuel, purchased power, and associated costs incurred under these purchase obligations.

Renewables

2021 Solar Certification and the Geaux Green Option

In November 2021, Entergy Louisiana filed an application seeking LPSC approval and certification of the addition of four new solar photovoltaic resources with a combined nameplate capacity of 475 MW (the 2021 Solar Portfolio) and the implementation of a new green tariff, the Geaux Green Option (Rider GGO). These resources, all of which would be constructed in Louisiana, include (i) the Vacherie Facility, a 150 MW resource in St. The St. Jacques Facility would be acquired through a build-own-transfer agreement; the remaining resources involve power purchase agreements.

In March 2022 direct testimony from Walmart, the Louisiana Energy Users Group (LEUG), and the LPSC staff was filed. Each party recommended that the LPSC approve the resources proposed in Entergy Louisiana’s application, and the LPSC staff witness indicated that the process through which Entergy Louisiana solicited or obtained the proposals for the resources complied with applicable LPSC orders. The LPSC staff and LEUG’s witnesses made recommendations to modify the proposed Rider GGO and Entergy Louisiana’s proposed rate relief. In April 2022 the LPSC staff and LEUG filed cross-answering testimony concerning each other’s proposed modifications to Rider GGO and the proposed rate recovery. Entergy Louisiana filed rebuttal testimony in June 2022. In August 2022 the parties reached a settlement certifying the 2021 Solar Portfolio and approving implementation of Rider GGO. In September 2022 the LPSC approved the settlement. Following the LPSC approval, the St. James Parish council issued a moratorium on new land use permits for solar facilities until the later of March 2023 or the completion of an environmental and economic impact study. In November 2023, St. James Parish lifted the moratorium and adopted an ordinance modifying the parish’s land use plan to establish solar as an approved land use and defining corresponding solar regulations. In March 2024 the project developer submitted a

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solar energy facility farm permit application to the St. James Parish planning commission to request approval for the Vacherie and St. Jacques Facilities. In June 2024 the St. James Parish council denied the application and following this denial, the project developer and one of the project’s ground lessors filed separate lawsuits seeking to overturn the council’s decision. The council’s decision was subsequently affirmed by the Louisiana 23rd Judicial District Court. Jacques Facility or through a power purchase agreement with the Vacherie Facility.

2022 Solar Portfolio and Expansion of the Geaux Green Option

In February 2023, Entergy Louisiana filed an application seeking LPSC approval and certification of the Iberville/Coastal Prairie facility, which will provide 175 MW of capacity through a PPA with a third party, and the Sterlington facility, a 49 MW self-build project located near the deactivated Sterlington power plant (the 2022 Solar Portfolio). Entergy Louisiana is seeking to include these resources within the portfolio supporting the Rider GGO rate schedule to help fulfill customer interest in access to renewable energy. Entergy Louisiana has requested the costs of these facilities, as offset by Rider GGO revenues, be deemed eligible for recovery in accordance with the terms of the formula rate plan and fuel adjustment clause rate mechanisms that exist at the time the facilities are placed into service. In January 2024, the parties filed an uncontested stipulated settlement agreement on the key issues in the case, which stated that the 2022 Solar Portfolio should be constructed, found that Entergy Louisiana’s proposed cost recovery mechanisms were appropriate, and confirmed the resources’ eligibility for inclusion in Rider GGO. The settlement was approved by the LPSC in January 2024. The Sterlington facility achieved commercial operation in January 2026.

Bogalusa West Solar

Segno Solar and Votaw Solar

In July 2024, Entergy Texas filed an application seeking PUCT approval to amend Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate the Segno Solar facility, a 170 MW solar facility to be located in Polk County, Texas, and the Votaw Solar facility, a 141 MW solar facility to be located in Hardin County, Texas. In August 2025, Entergy Texas filed, and the ALJs with the State Office of Administrative Hearings granted, an unopposed motion to withdraw the application. In September 2025, Entergy Texas and Entergy Louisiana entered into assignment and assumption agreements pursuant to which Entergy Texas assigned, and Entergy Louisiana assumed, certain interests in the Segno Solar and Votaw Solar facilities, and the associated assets were transferred in third quarter 2025 from Entergy Texas to Entergy Louisiana for approximately $42.1 million, which included adjustments per the assignment and assumption agreements.

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Cypress Harvest Solar

Other Generation and Transmission

Bayou Power Station

Additional Generation and Transmission Resources

In October 2024, Entergy Louisiana filed an application with the LPSC seeking approval of a variety of generation and transmission resources proposed in connection with establishing service to a new data center to be developed by a subsidiary of Meta Platforms, Inc. in north Louisiana, for which an electric service agreement has been executed. The filing requested LPSC certification of three new combined cycle combustion turbine generation resources totaling 2,262 MW, each of which will be enabled for future carbon capture and storage, a new 500 kV transmission line, and 500 kV substation upgrades. Two of the new combined cycle combustion turbine generation resources are to be located at Franklin Farms in north Louisiana (Franklin Farms Power Station Units 1 and 2). The application also requested approval to implement a corporate sustainability rider applicable to the new customer. The corporate sustainability rider contemplates the new customer contributing to the costs of the future addition of 1,500 MW of new solar and energy storage resources, agreements involving carbon capture and storage at Entergy Louisiana’s existing Lake Charles Power Station, and potential future wind and nuclear resources. The combined cost of Franklin Farms Power Station Units 1 and 2 is estimated to be approximately $2,387 million. In testimony filed with its application, Entergy Louisiana noted that the third new generation resource, Waterford 5 Power Station, is expected to have an estimated cost similar to the cost of each of Franklin Farms Power Station Units 1 and 2. Also in its testimony, Entergy Louisiana noted that the cost of the new 500 kV transmission line is estimated to be $546 million. Entergy Louisiana anticipates funding the incremental cost to serve the customer through direct financial contributions from the customer and the revenues it expects to earn under the electric service agreement. A directive was issued at the LPSC’s November 2024 meeting for the matter to be decided by October 2025. In February 2025 intervenors filed a motion asking the LPSC to deny Entergy Louisiana’s requested exemption from the LPSC’s order addressing competitive solicitation procedures and further asking the LPSC to dismiss the application. The ALJ issued an order denying the motion to dismiss the application and deferring the LPSC’s consideration of the motion regarding the competitive solicitation procedures until the hearing. In March 2025 the same intervenors filed a motion requesting the LPSC to require the customer and its parent company to be joined as parties to the proceeding or dismiss the application. In April 2025 the ALJ issued an order denying the March 2025 motion, and the moving parties filed a motion asking the LPSC to review and reverse the ALJ’s decision.

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Amite South Transmission Projects

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settlement agreement resolving all issues in the proceeding. In the motion requesting approval of the uncontested stipulated settlement agreement, the parties requested a settlement hearing in March 2025. The LPSC approved the uncontested stipulated settlement agreement in March 2025 and thereby granted certification of the project.

Cottonwood Power Station

Babel - Webre 500 kV Transmission Project

Waterford 6 Power Station and Westlake Power Station

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existing Roy S. Nelson site in Westlake, Louisiana, respectively. In its application, Entergy Louisiana noted the estimated costs are approximately $2,027 million for the Waterford 6 Power Station and $2,091 million for the Westlake Power Station. Entergy Louisiana asked that the LPSC consider the requests in the application at or before its December 2026 meeting. The estimated in-service dates for the Waterford 6 Power Station and Westlake Power Station are July 2030 and October 2030, respectively.

Resilience and Grid Hardening

Sources of Capital

Entergy Louisiana’s sources to meet its capital requirements include:

•internally generated funds;

•cash on hand;

•the Entergy system money pool;

•storm reserve escrow accounts;

•debt or preferred membership interest issuances, including debt issuances to refund or retire currently outstanding or maturing indebtedness;

•capital contributions; and

•bank financing under new or existing facilities.

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Entergy Louisiana expects to continue, when economically feasible, to retire higher-cost debt and replace it with lower-cost debt if market conditions permit.

All debt and common and preferred membership interest issuances by Entergy Louisiana require prior regulatory approval. Entergy Louisiana has sufficient capacity under these tests to meet its foreseeable capital needs for the next twelve months and beyond.

See Note 4 to the financial statements for a description of the money pool.

Entergy Louisiana has a credit facility in the amount of $400 million scheduled to expire in June 2030. The credit facility includes fronting commitments for the issuance of letters of credit against $15 million of the borrowing capacity of the facility. As of December 31, 2025, there were no cash borrowings and no letters of credit outstanding under the credit facility. As of December 31, 2025, $164.1 million in letters of credit were outstanding under Entergy Louisiana’s uncommitted letter of credit facilities. See Note 4 to the financial statements for additional discussion of the credit facilities.

See Note 4 to the financial statements for additional discussion of the nuclear fuel company variable interest entity credit facilities.

Entergy Louisiana obtained authorizations from the FERC through January 2027 for the following:

•short-term borrowings not to exceed an aggregate amount of $450 million at any time outstanding;

•long-term borrowings and security issuances; and

•borrowings by its nuclear fuel company variable interest entities.

See Note 4 to the financial statements for further discussion of Entergy Louisiana’s short-term borrowing limits.

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State and Local Rate Regulation and Fuel-Cost Recovery

The rates that Entergy Louisiana charges for its services significantly influence its financial position, results of operations, and liquidity. Entergy Louisiana is regulated, and the rates charged to its customers are determined in regulatory proceedings. A governmental agency, the LPSC, is primarily responsible for approval of the rates charged to customers.

Retail Rates - Electric

Filings with the LPSC

2022 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In May 2023, Entergy Louisiana filed its formula rate plan evaluation report for its 2022 calendar year operations. The 2022 test year evaluation report produced an earned return on common equity of 8.33%, requiring an approximately $70.7 million increase to base rider revenue. Other changes in formula rate plan revenue driven by increases in capacity costs, primarily legacy capacity costs, additions eligible for recovery through the transmission recovery mechanism and distribution recovery mechanism, and higher sales during the test period were offset by reductions in net MISO costs as well as credits for FERC-ordered refunds. Also included in the 2022 test year distribution recovery mechanism revenue requirement was a $6 million credit relating to the distribution recovery mechanism performance accountability standards and requirements. In total, the net increase in formula rate plan revenues, including base formula rate plan revenues inside the formula rate plan bandwidth and subject to the cap, as well as other formula rate plan revenues outside of the bandwidth, was $85.2 million. In August 2023 the LPSC staff filed a list of objections/reservations, including outstanding issues from the test years 2017-2021 formula rate plan filings, the calculation of certain refunds from System Energy, and certain calculations relating to the tax reform adjustment mechanism. Subject to LPSC review, the resulting net increase in formula rate plan revenues of $85.2 million became effective for bills rendered during the first billing cycle of September 2023, subject to refund. In September 2024 the LPSC issued an order approving a settlement that resolved, with prejudice, all other issues identified by the staff in the matter and closed the docket. See “2023 Entergy Louisiana Rate Case and Formula Rate Plan Extension Request” below for further discussion.

2023 Entergy Louisiana Rate Case and Formula Rate Plan Extension Request

In August 2023, Entergy Louisiana filed an application for approval of a regulatory blueprint necessary for it to strengthen the electric grid for the State of Louisiana, which contained a dual-path request to update rates through either: (1) extension of Entergy Louisiana’s current formula rate plan (with certain modifications) for three years (the Rate Mitigation Proposal), which was Entergy Louisiana’s recommended path; or (2) implementation of rates resulting from a cost-of-service study (the Rate Case path). The application complied with Entergy Louisiana’s previous formula rate plan extension order requiring that for Entergy Louisiana to obtain another extension of its formula rate plan that included a rate reset, Entergy Louisiana would need to submit a full cost-of-service rate case.

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In August 2024, Entergy Louisiana and the LPSC staff jointly filed a global stipulated settlement agreement for consideration by the LPSC with key terms as follows:

•continuation of the formula rate plan for 2024-2026 (test years 2023-2025);

•a base formula rate plan revenue increase of $120 million for test year 2023, effective for rates beginning September 2024;

•a $140 million cumulative cap on base formula rate plan revenue increases, if needed, for test years 2024 and 2025, excluding outside the bandwidth items;

•$75.5 million of customer rate credits, as provided for in the System Energy global settlement, to be credited over three years subject to and conditioned upon FERC approval of the System Energy global settlement, which was approved in November 2024. See “Complaints Against System Energy – System Energy Settlement with the LPSC” in Note 2 to the financial statements for further details of the System Energy global settlement;

•an increase in nuclear depreciation rates by $15 million in each of the 2023, 2024, and 2025 test years outside of the formula rate plan bandwidth calculation; and

The global stipulated settlement agreement was unanimously approved by the LPSC in August 2024 and an order was issued by the LPSC in September 2024 reflecting the approval of the settlement.

Formula Rate Plan Global Settlement

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2023 Formula Rate Plan Filing

2024 Formula Rate Plan Filing

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January 1, 2025. As such, the 2024 evaluation report reflected the calculation of current and deferred income tax expenses as well as the revaluation of accumulated deferred income taxes based on the income tax laws currently in effect. The 2024 evaluation report proposed that the rate effects associated with the revaluation of accumulated deferred income taxes, including the collection of any net accumulated deferred income tax deficiency and any related effects on rate base, should be reflected in the tax adjustment mechanism consistent with the treatment of similar Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and prior state tax change-related impacts. The effects of the change in tax law on Entergy Louisiana’s authorized return on rate base were also reflected in the 2024 evaluation report consistent with the treatment cited above, including a credit in the extraordinary cost change mechanism for the prospective change in Entergy Louisiana’s authorized return and a credit within the tax adjustment mechanism for over-collection of income tax expense through August 2025. Subject to LPSC review, the resulting changes from the 2024 formula rate plan evaluation report became effective for bills rendered during the first billing cycle of September 2025, subject to refund. In August 2025 the LPSC staff filed its errors and objections report, as required by the formula rate plan’s process, and found that Entergy Louisiana’s formula rate plan is in compliance with the LPSC’s requirements and the global stipulated settlement agreement. The LPSC staff reserved the right to determine whether Entergy Louisiana appropriately credited certain revenues to customers during the September and October 2025 billing cycles.

Fuel and purchased power cost recovery

Entergy Louisiana recovers electric fuel and purchased power costs for the billing month based upon the level of such costs incurred two months prior to the billing month. See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of Entergy Louisiana’s natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025.

In June 2025 the LPSC staff provided notice of an audit of Entergy Louisiana’s purchased gas adjustment clause filings (for Entergy Louisiana’s gas operations).

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Industrial and Commercial Customers

Entergy Louisiana’s large industrial and commercial customers continually explore ways to reduce their energy costs. Entergy Louisiana actively participates in economic development, customer retention, and reclamation activities to increase industrial and commercial demand from both new and existing customers.

Federal Regulation

Nuclear Matters

Entergy Louisiana owns and, through an affiliate, operates the River Bend and Waterford 3 nuclear generating plants and is, therefore, subject to the risks related to such ownership and operation. In the event of an unanticipated early shutdown of River Bend or Waterford 3, Entergy Louisiana may be required to provide additional funds or credit support to satisfy regulatory requirements for decommissioning. Waterford 3’s operating license expires in 2044 and River Bend’s operating license expires in 2045.

Environmental Risks

Entergy Louisiana’s facilities and operations are subject to regulation by various governmental authorities having jurisdiction over air quality, water quality, control of toxic substances and hazardous and solid wastes, and other environmental matters. Management believes that Entergy Louisiana is in substantial compliance with environmental regulations currently applicable to its facilities and operations, with reference to possible exceptions noted in “Regulation of Entergy’s Business - Environmental Regulation” in Part I, Item 1. Because environmental regulations are subject to change, future compliance costs cannot be precisely estimated.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of Entergy Louisiana’s financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to apply appropriate accounting policies and to make estimates and judgments that can have a significant effect on reported financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Management has identified the following accounting estimates as critical because they are based on assumptions and measurements that involve a high degree of uncertainty, and the potential for future changes in these assumptions and measurements could produce estimates that would have a material effect on the presentation of Entergy Louisiana’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

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Nuclear Decommissioning Costs

Utility Regulatory Accounting

Taxation and Uncertain Tax Positions

Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

Entergy Louisiana’s qualified pension and other postretirement reported costs, as described in Note 11 to the financial statements, are affected by numerous factors including the provisions of the plans, changing employee demographics, and various actuarial calculations, assumptions, and accounting mechanisms. See “Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits” in the “Critical Accounting Estimates” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for further discussion. Because of the complexity of these calculations, the long-term nature of these obligations, and the importance of the assumptions utilized, Entergy’s estimate of these costs is a critical accounting estimate.

Cost Sensitivity

The following chart reflects the sensitivity of qualified pension cost and qualified projected benefit obligation to changes in certain actuarial assumptions (dollars in thousands).

The following chart reflects the sensitivity of postretirement benefits cost and accumulated postretirement benefit obligation to changes in certain actuarial assumptions (dollars in thousands).

Each fluctuation above assumes that the other components of the calculation are held constant.

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Costs and Employer Contributions

Total qualified pension cost for Entergy Louisiana in 2025 was $16.9 million, including $6 million in settlement costs. Entergy Louisiana anticipates 2026 qualified pension cost to be $7.9 million. Entergy Louisiana contributed $41.3 million to its qualified pension plans in 2025 and estimates pension contributions will be approximately $41.6 million in 2026, although the 2026 required pension contributions will be known with more certainty when the January 1, 2026 valuations are completed, which is expected by April 1, 2026.

Total postretirement health care and life insurance benefit income for Entergy Louisiana in 2025 was $5.6 million, including $2.1 million in settlement and curtailment credits.

Other Contingencies

New Accounting Pronouncements

See the “New Accounting Pronouncements” section of Note 1 to the financial statements for a discussion of new accounting pronouncements.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the member and Board of Directors of

Entergy Louisiana, LLC and Subsidiaries

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Entergy Louisiana, LLC and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows, and changes in equity (pages 377 through 382 and applicable items in pages 53 through 246), for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Rate and Regulatory Matters — Entergy Louisiana, LLC and Subsidiaries — Refer to Note 2 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company is subject to rate regulation by the Louisiana Public Service Commission (the “LPSC”), which has jurisdiction with respect to the rates of electric companies in Louisiana, and to wholesale rate regulation by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”). Management has determined it meets the requirements under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America to prepare its financial statements applying the specialized rules to account for the effects of cost-based rate regulation.

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The Company’s rates are subject to regulatory rate-setting processes and annual earnings oversight. Because the LPSC and the FERC set the rates the Company is allowed to charge customers based on allowable costs, including a reasonable return on equity, the Company applies accounting standards that require the financial statements to reflect the effects of rate regulation, including the recording of regulatory assets and liabilities. The Company assesses whether the regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities continue to meet the criteria for probable future recovery or settlement at each balance sheet date and when regulatory events occur. This assessment includes consideration of recent rate orders, historical regulatory treatment for similar costs, and factors such as changes in applicable regulatory and political environments. While the Company has indicated it expects to recover costs from customers through regulated rates, there is a risk that the LPSC and the FERC will not approve: (1) full recovery of the costs of providing utility service, or (2) full recovery of amounts invested in the utility business and a reasonable return on that investment.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the uncertainty of future decisions by the LPSC and the FERC, recovery in future rates of regulatory assets and refunds or future reductions in rates related to regulatory liabilities included the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of management’s controls over the evaluation of the likelihood of (1) the recovery in future rates of regulatory assets, and (2) a refund or a future reduction in rates that should be reported as regulatory liabilities. We also tested the effectiveness of management’s controls over the initial recognition of regulatory assets or liabilities and the monitoring and evaluation of regulatory developments that may affect the likelihood of recovering costs in future rates or of a future reduction in rates.

•We evaluated the Company’s disclosures related to the impacts of rate regulation, including the balances recorded and regulatory developments.

•We read relevant regulatory orders issued by the LPSC and the FERC for the Company to assess the likelihood of recovery in future rates or of a future reduction in rates based on precedents of the LPSC’s and the FERC’s treatment of similar costs under similar circumstances. We evaluated external information and compared to management’s recorded regulatory asset and liability balances for completeness.

•For regulatory matters in process, we inspected the Company’s filings with the LPSC and the FERC and orders issued, and considered the filings with the LPSC and the FERC by intervenors that may impact the Company’s future rates, for any evidence that might contradict management’s assertions.

•We obtained an analysis from management and support from internal and external legal counsel, as appropriate, regarding probability of recovery for regulatory assets or refund or future reduction in rates for regulatory liabilities not yet addressed in a regulatory order, to assess management’s assertion that amounts are probable of recovery or refund or a future reduction in rates.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

New Orleans, Louisiana

February 19, 2026

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2001.

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ENTERGY MISSISSIPPI, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Winter Storm Fern

See the “Winter Storm Fern” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for a discussion of Winter Storm Fern. Entergy Mississippi’s preliminary estimate for the cost of mobilizing crews and restoring power is approximately $170 million to $200 million, with the majority of the costs being capital. Natural gas purchases for Entergy Mississippi for January 2026 are $85 million compared to natural gas purchases for January 2025 of $28 million.

Results of Operations

2025 Compared to 2024

Net Income

Net income increased $63.3 million primarily due to higher retail electric price, higher volume/weather, higher other income, a return on construction work in progress for certain utility plant investments in 2025, and $10.2 million of liquidated damages, net of customer sharing, recognized in 2025 resulting from a counterparty’s termination of a purchased power agreement. The increase was partially offset by higher other operation and maintenance expenses, higher interest expense, and a regulatory charge, recorded in the first quarter 2025, to reflect an adjustment to the grid modernization over/under recovery deferral balance.

Operating Revenues

Following is an analysis of the change in operating revenues comparing 2025 to 2024:

Entergy Mississippi’s results include revenues from rate mechanisms designed to recover fuel, purchased power, and other costs such that the revenues and expenses associated with these items generally offset and do not affect net income. “Fuel, rider, and other revenues that do not significantly affect net income” includes the revenue variance associated with these items.

The retail electric price variance is primarily due to increases in formula rate plan rates effective April 2024 and July 2024 and an increase in formula rate plan rates resulting from an increase in interim facilities rate adjustment revenues effective January 2025. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the 2024 formula rate plan filing and the interim facilities rate adjustment.

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The volume/weather variance is primarily due to an increase in industrial usage and the effect of more favorable weather on residential sales.

The return on construction work in progress for certain utility plant investments variance represents the revenue related to the amortization of certain customer advances designed to provide a return on investment in construction work in progress for certain utility plant investment, which is recognized as the related costs are incurred.

The purchased power agreement termination proceeds variance represents $10.2 million of liquidated damages, net of customer sharing, recognized in 2025 resulting from a counterparty’s termination of a purchased power agreement.

Total electric energy sales for Entergy Mississippi for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

See Note 19 to the financial statements for additional discussion of Entergy Mississippi’s operating revenues.

Other Income Statement Variances

Other operation and maintenance expenses increased primarily due to:

•an increase of $32.1 million in power delivery expenses primarily due to higher vegetation maintenance expenses;

•an increase of $13.8 million in non-nuclear generation expenses primarily due to a higher scope of work performed in 2025 as compared to 2024; and

•an increase of $5.8 million in bad debt expense.

The increase was partially offset by contract costs of $7.2 million in 2024 related to operational performance, customer service, and organizational health initiatives.

Taxes other than income taxes increased primarily due to increases in ad valorem taxes resulting from higher assessments and millage rate increases.

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Other regulatory charges (credits) – net includes:

•a regulatory charge of $21 million, recorded in first quarter 2025, to reflect an adjustment to the grid modernization over/under recovery deferral balance; and

•regulatory credits of $7.3 million, recorded in second quarter 2024, to reflect the effects of the joint stipulation reached in the 2024 formula rate plan filing proceeding. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the 2024 formula rate plan filing.

Other income increased primarily due to an increase of $14.6 million in interest earned on money pool investments and an increase of $12.1 million in the amortization of tax gross ups on customer advances, including customer advances for construction.

Interest expense increased primarily due to the issuance of $600 million of 5.80% Series mortgage bonds in March 2025, the issuance of $300 million of 5.85% Series mortgage bonds in May 2024, and carrying costs of $12.4 million in 2025 on customer advances, including customer advances for construction. The increase was partially offset by a decrease of $3.8 million in carrying costs related to the deferred fuel balance.

The effective income tax rates were 23.5% for 2025 and 24.7% for 2024. See Note 3 to the financial statements for a reconciliation of the federal statutory rate of 21% to the effective income tax rates and for additional discussion regarding income taxes.

2024 Compared to 2023

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Results of Operations” in Item 7 of Entergy Mississippi’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2025, for discussion of results of operations for 2024 compared to 2023.

Income Tax Legislation and Regulation

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flow

Cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were as follows:

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2025 Compared to 2024

Operating Activities

Net cash flow provided by operating activities increased $5.2 million in 2025 primarily due to:

•the receipt of $133.4 million in advance payments related to customer agreements in 2025, of which $108.4 million is recorded as current liabilities and included within changes in other working capital accounts;

•the receipt of $69.7 million in payments from System Energy in 2025 in accordance with the Unit Power Sales Agreement related to the transfer of 2024 nuclear production tax credits by System Energy to third parties in 2025. See Note 3 to the financial statements for discussion of the nuclear production tax credits;

•higher collections from customers; and

•the receipt of a $15.0 million liquidated damages payment in third quarter 2025 resulting from a counterparty’s termination of a purchased power agreement.

The increase was substantially offset by:

•the timing of payments to vendors;

•income tax payments of $82.5 million in 2025 as compared to income tax refunds of $14.2 million in 2024. Entergy Mississippi made income tax payments in 2025 and received income tax refunds in 2024, each in accordance with Entergy’s tax allocation agreement; and

•higher fuel and purchased power payments. See Note 2 to the financial statements for a discussion of fuel and purchased power cost recovery.

Investing Activities

Net cash flow used in investing activities increased $740.9 million in 2025 primarily due to an increase of $757.6 million in non-nuclear generation construction expenditures primarily due to higher spending on the Delta Blues Advanced Power Station project, the Vicksburg Advanced Power Station project, the Traceview Advanced Power Station project, the Penton Solar project, and the Delta Solar project and an increase of $42.4 million in distribution construction expenditures primarily due to higher capital expenditures for storm restoration in 2025. The increase was partially offset by:

•a decrease of $23.1 million in transmission construction expenditures primarily due to decreased spending on various transmission projects in 2025;

•the receipt of a $14.5 million initial payment for the sale of transmission rights and excess land related to Entergy Mississippi’s interest in the Independence power plant in third quarter 2025; and

•a decrease of $8.9 million in information technology capital expenditures primarily due to decreased spending on various technology projects in 2025.

Financing Activities

Net cash flow provided by financing activities increased $772.3 million in 2025 primarily due to:

•the issuance of $600 million of 5.80% Series mortgage bonds in March 2025;

•capital contributions of $265.5 million received from Entergy Corporation in 2025 in order to maintain Entergy Mississippi’s capital structure;

•the repayment, prior to maturity, of $100 million of 3.75% Series mortgage bonds in June 2024;

•money pool activity; and

•$44.6 million in common equity distributions paid in 2024 in order to maintain Entergy Mississippi’s capital structure.

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The increase was partially offset by the issuance of $300 million of 5.85% Series mortgage bonds in May 2024.

Decreases in Entergy Mississippi’s payable to the money pool are a use of cash flow, and Entergy Mississippi’s payable to the money pool decreased $73.8 million in 2024. The money pool is an intercompany cash management program that makes possible intercompany borrowing and lending arrangements, and the money pool and other borrowing arrangements are designed to reduce the Registrant Subsidiaries’ dependence on external short-term borrowings.

2024 Compared to 2023

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Cash Flow” in Item 7 of Entergy Mississippi’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2025, for discussion of operating, investing, and financing cash flow activities for 2024 compared to 2023.

Capital Structure

Entergy Mississippi’s debt to capital ratio is shown in the following table.

Net debt consists of debt less cash and cash equivalents. Debt consists of short-term borrowings, finance lease obligations, and long-term debt, including the currently maturing portion. Capital consists of debt and equity. Net capital consists of capital less cash and cash equivalents. Entergy Mississippi uses the debt to capital ratio in analyzing its financial condition and believes it provides useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating Entergy Mississippi’s financial condition. Entergy Mississippi uses the net debt to net capital ratio in analyzing its financial condition and believes it provides useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating Entergy Mississippi’s financial condition because net debt indicates Entergy Mississippi’s outstanding debt position that could not be readily satisfied by cash and cash equivalents on hand.

Entergy Mississippi seeks to optimize its capital structure in accordance with its regulatory requirements and to control its cost of capital while also maintaining equity capitalization at a level consistent with investment-grade debt ratings. To the extent that operating cash flows are in excess of planned investments, cash may be used to reduce outstanding debt or may be paid as a distribution, to the extent funds are legally available to do so, or both, in appropriate amounts to maintain the capital structure. To the extent that operating cash flows are insufficient to support planned investments, Entergy Mississippi may issue incremental debt or reduce distributions, or both, to maintain its capital structure. In addition, in certain infrequent circumstances, such as financing of large transactions that would materially alter the capital structure if financed entirely with debt and reduced distributions, Entergy Mississippi may receive equity contributions to maintain its capital structure.

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Uses of Capital

Entergy Mississippi requires capital resources for:

•construction and other capital investments;

•debt maturities or retirements;

•working capital purposes, including the financing of fuel and purchased power costs; and

•distributions and interest payments.

Following are the amounts of Entergy Mississippi’s planned construction and other capital investments.

Recent announcements of changes to international trade policy and tariffs and further similar changes may impact Entergy Mississippi’s business, operations, results of operations, and liquidity and capital resources. Potential impacts may include increases in costs associated with Entergy Mississippi’s capital investments or operation and maintenance expenses; operational impacts, such as supply chain, manufacturing, cost and availability of qualified, skilled labor, or raw materials sourcing disruptions which may affect Entergy Mississippi’s ability to make planned capital investments as and when expected and needed; legal uncertainties, such as potential legal or other challenges to presidential tariff authority; or broader economic risks, including changes to domestic monetary policy, shifting customer demand, impacts on customer investment decisions, and volatile or uncertain credit and capital markets, which may affect Entergy Mississippi’s ability to access needed capital.

Entergy Mississippi has incurred incremental cost increases due to certain tariff-exposed inputs, including select equipment, components, or underlying raw materials. As of the date of this Form 10-K, such increases have not had a material effect on its current and planned capital projects. Entergy Mississippi is not able to predict any further effects of such tariffs or the effects of potential changes in regulation and law, changes to governmental programs, such as loans, grants, guarantees, and other subsidies, and trade-related governmental actions, such as tariffs and other measures, on its current and planned capital projects.

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Following are the amounts of Entergy Mississippi’s existing debt and lease obligations (includes estimated interest payments).

(a)Long-term debt is discussed in Note 5 to the financial statements.

(b)Lease obligations are discussed in Note 10 to the financial statements.

Other Obligations

Entergy Mississippi currently expects to contribute approximately $4 million to its qualified pension plans and approximately $176 thousand to its other postretirement plans in 2026, although the 2026 required pension contributions will be known with more certainty when the January 1, 2026, valuations are completed, which is expected by April 1, 2026. See “Critical Accounting Estimates – Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits” below and Note 11 to the financial statements for a discussion of qualified pension and other postretirement benefits funding.

Entergy Mississippi has $1.9 million of unrecognized tax benefits net of unused tax attributes plus interest for which the timing of payments beyond 12 months cannot be reasonably estimated due to uncertainties in the timing of effective settlement of tax positions. See Note 3 to the financial statements for additional information regarding unrecognized tax benefits.

In addition, Entergy Mississippi enters into fuel and purchased power agreements that contain minimum purchase obligations. Entergy Mississippi has rate mechanisms in place to recover fuel, purchased power, and associated costs incurred under these purchase obligations. See Note 8 to the financial statements for discussion of Entergy Mississippi’s obligations under the Unit Power Sales Agreement.

As a wholly-owned subsidiary of Entergy Utility Holding Company, LLC, Entergy Mississippi pays distributions from its earnings at a percentage determined monthly.

Additional Generation and Transmission Resources

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processing center projects as specified in the legislation. See further discussion of the interim facilities rate adjustments below.

Delta Blues Advanced Power Station

Delta Solar

Penton Solar

Traceview Advanced Power Station

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be included in the formula rate plan to offset the facility’s revenue requirement. The project costs will be reviewed for prudence by the MPSC following the completion of construction. The facility is expected to be in service in 2029.

Vicksburg Advanced Power Station

Sources of Capital

Entergy Mississippi’s sources to meet its capital requirements include:

•internally generated funds;

•cash on hand;

•the Entergy system money pool;

•debt or preferred membership interest issuances, including debt issuances to refund or retire currently outstanding or maturing indebtedness;

•capital contributions; and

•bank financing under new or existing facilities.

Circumstances such as weather patterns, fuel and purchased power price fluctuations, and unanticipated expenses, including unscheduled plant outages and storms, could affect the timing and level of internally generated funds in the future. In addition to the financings necessary to meet capital requirements and contractual obligations, Entergy Mississippi expects to continue, when economically feasible, to retire higher-cost debt and replace it with lower-cost debt if market conditions permit.

All debt and preferred membership interest issuances by Entergy Mississippi require prior regulatory approval. Entergy Mississippi has sufficient capacity under these tests to meet its foreseeable capital needs for the next twelve months and beyond.

See Note 4 to the financial statements for a description of the money pool.

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Entergy Mississippi has a credit facility in the amount of $300 million scheduled to expire in June 2030. The credit facility includes fronting commitments for the issuance of letters of credit against $5 million of the borrowing capacity of the facility. As of December 31, 2025, there were no cash borrowings and no letters of credit outstanding under the credit facility. See Note 4 to the financial statements for additional discussion of the credit facilities.

See Note 4 to the financial statements for further discussion of Entergy Mississippi’s short-term borrowing limits.

State and Local Rate Regulation and Fuel-Cost Recovery

The rates that Entergy Mississippi charges for its services significantly influence its financial position, results of operations, and liquidity. Entergy Mississippi is regulated, and the rates charged to its customers are determined in regulatory proceedings. A governmental agency, the MPSC, is primarily responsible for approval of the rates charged to customers.

Filings with the MPSC

Retail Rates

2023 Formula Rate Plan Filing

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2024 Formula Rate Plan Filing

2025 Formula Rate Plan Filing

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change in formula rate plan revenues for 2024. In addition, the stipulation included the recovery of the two outside-the-bandwidth changes discussed above as well as the ratemaking treatment of customer contributions, deferred revenue and prepaid contributions in aid of construction. In June 2025 the MPSC approved the joint stipulation with rates effective in July 2025.

Interim Facilities Rate Adjustments to the Formula Rate Plan

Grand Gulf Capacity Filing

In September 2024, Entergy Mississippi filed a notice of intent with the MPSC to implement revisions to its unit power cost recovery rider that would allow Entergy Mississippi to recover the first year of costs associated with the transfer of Entergy Louisiana’s entitlements to Grand Gulf capacity and energy, which consists of Entergy Louisiana’s interest in and purchases of Grand Gulf capacity and energy under the revised rider schedule, effective by January 1, 2025. This notice filing related to the divestiture of Entergy Louisiana’s 14% share of Grand Gulf capacity and energy under the Unit Power Sales Agreement and 2.43% share of capacity and energy from Entergy Arkansas under the MSS-4 replacement tariff. This divestiture was effectuated initially through Entergy Mississippi’s purchases from Entergy Louisiana pursuant to a PPA governed by the MSS-4 replacement tariff, a tariff governing the sales of energy and capacity among the Utility operating companies as described in the System Energy global settlement with the LPSC and Entergy Louisiana. The MSS-4 replacement PPA to effectuate this divestiture was approved by the FERC in November 2024. In February 2025 the MPSC approved Entergy Mississippi’s notice of intent, finding that it was just and reasonable for Entergy Mississippi to obtain Entergy Louisiana’s entitlements to Grand Gulf capacity and energy and that Entergy Mississippi should be allowed to recover the costs associated with the transfer of such entitlements to Grand Gulf capacity and energy, as described above. The MPSC approved the MSS-4 replacement PPA, effective as of January 1, 2025. An amended Unit Power Sales Agreement became effective as of October 1, 2025, which removed Entergy Louisiana from the entitlement and responsibility to purchase power from Grand Gulf. Thus on October 1, 2025, the MSS-4 replacement PPA was terminated. See “Complaints Against System Energy - System Energy Settlement with the LPSC” in Note 2 to the financial statements for further details of the System Energy global settlement with the LPSC and Note 8 to the financial statements for discussion of the amendment to the Unit Power Sales Agreement.

Fuel and purchased power cost recovery

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hedging and capacity payments through its power management rider. Entergy Mississippi’s fuel cost recoveries are subject to annual audits conducted pursuant to the authority of the MPSC.

See “Complaints Against System Energy - System Energy Settlement with the MPSC” in Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the settlement agreement filed with the FERC in June 2022. The settlement, which was approved by the FERC in November 2022, provided for a refund of $235 million from System Energy to Entergy Mississippi. In July 2022 the MPSC directed the disbursement of settlement proceeds, ordering Entergy Mississippi to provide a one-time $80 bill credit to each of its approximately 460,000 retail customers to be effective during the September 2022 billing cycle and to apply the remaining proceeds to Entergy Mississippi’s under-recovered deferred fuel balance. In accordance with the MPSC’s directive, Entergy Mississippi provided approximately $36.7 million in customer bill credits as a result of the settlement. In November 2022, Entergy Mississippi applied the remaining settlement proceeds in the amount of approximately $198.3 million to Entergy Mississippi’s under-recovered deferred fuel balance.

Entergy Mississippi had a deferred fuel balance of approximately $291.7 million under the energy cost recovery rider as of July 31, 2022, along with an over-recovery balance of $51.1 million under the power management rider. Without further action, Entergy Mississippi anticipated a year-end deferred fuel balance of approximately $200 million after application of a portion of the System Energy settlement proceeds, as discussed above. In September 2022, Entergy Mississippi filed for interim adjustments under both the energy cost recovery rider and the power management rider. Entergy Mississippi proposed five monthly incremental adjustments to the net energy cost factor designed to collect the under-recovered fuel balance as of July 31, 2022 and to reflect the recovery of a higher natural gas price. Entergy Mississippi also proposed five monthly incremental adjustments to the power management adjustment factor designed to flow through to customers the over-recovered power management rider balance as of July 31, 2022. In October 2022 the MPSC approved modified interim adjustments to Entergy Mississippi’s energy cost recovery rider and power management rider. The MPSC approved dividing the energy cost recovery rider interim adjustment into two components that would allow Entergy Mississippi to (1) recover a natural gas fuel rate that is better aligned with current prices; and (2) recover the estimated under-recovered deferred fuel balance as of September 30, 2022 over a period of 20 months. The MPSC approved six monthly incremental adjustments to the net energy cost factor designed to reflect the recovery of a higher natural gas price. The MPSC also approved six monthly incremental adjustments to the power management adjustment factor designed to flow through to customers the over-recovered power management rider balance. In accordance with the order of the MPSC, Entergy Mississippi did not file an annual redetermination of the energy cost recovery rider or the power management rider in November 2022.

In June 2023 the MPSC approved the joint stipulation agreement between Entergy Mississippi and the Mississippi Public Utilities Staff for Entergy Mississippi’s 2023 formula rate plan filing. The stipulation directed Entergy Mississippi to make a compliance filing to revise its power management cost adjustment factor, to revise its grid modernization cost adjustment factor, and to include a revision to reduce the net energy cost factor to a level necessary to reflect an average natural gas price of $4.50 per MMBtu. The MPSC approved the compliance filing in June 2023, effective for July 2023 bills. See “Retail Rate Proceedings - Filings with the MPSC (Entergy Mississippi) - Retail Rates - 2023 Formula Rate Plan Filing” in Note 2 to the financial statements for further discussion of the 2023 formula rate plan filing and the joint stipulation agreement.

In November 2023, Entergy Mississippi filed its annual redeterminations of the energy cost factor and the power management cost adjustment factor.

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plan filing included the conclusion of the modified interim adjustments to Entergy Mississippi’s energy cost recovery rider and power management rider, which were approved in October 2022 and allowed Entergy Mississippi to recover certain under-collected fuel balances, effective for July 2024 bills. The stipulation provided for Entergy Mississippi to reduce its net energy cost factor. See “Retail Rate Proceedings - Filings with the MPSC (Entergy Mississippi) - Retail Rates - 2024 Formula Rate Plan Filing” in Note 2 to the financial statements for further discussion of the 2024 formula rate plan filing and the joint stipulation agreement.

In November 2024, Entergy Mississippi filed its annual redeterminations of the energy cost factor and the power management cost adjustment factor. In February 2025 the MPSC approved Entergy Mississippi’s notice of intent for Entergy Mississippi’s assumption of Entergy Louisiana’s entitlements to Grand Gulf capacity and energy, with associated fuel savings to be reflected in Entergy Mississippi’s energy cost recovery rider, effective for March 2025 bills. Additionally, in February 2025 the MPSC approved the proposed power management cost adjustment factor, effective for March 2025 bills.

In November 2025, Entergy Mississippi filed its annual redeterminations of the energy cost factor and the power management cost adjustment factor. In January 2026 the MPSC also approved a power management cost factor effective for February 2026 bills, based on an under-recovery balance that was $4.8 million lower than the previously filed under-recovery balance, due to a rate mitigation adjustment that utilized, for the benefit of customers, certain liquidated damages payments received by Entergy Mississippi.

Storm Cost Recovery Filings with Retail Regulators

Prior to June 2024, Entergy Mississippi had approval from the MPSC to collect a storm damage provision of $1.75 million per month. Entergy Mississippi’s storm damage provision balance had been less than $10 million since May 2019, and Entergy Mississippi had been billing the monthly storm damage provision since July 2019.

In December 2023, Entergy Mississippi filed a Notice of Storm Escrow Disbursement and Request for Interim Relief notifying the MPSC that Entergy Mississippi had requested disbursement of approximately $34.5 million of storm escrow funds from its restricted storm escrow account. The filing also requested authorization from the MPSC, on a temporary basis, that the $34.5 million of storm escrow funds be credited to Entergy Mississippi’s storm damage provision, pending the MPSC’s review of Entergy Mississippi’s storm-related costs, and that Entergy Mississippi continue to bill its monthly storm damage provision without suspension in the event the storm damage provision balance exceeded $15 million, in anticipation of a subsequent filing by Entergy Mississippi in this proceeding. Because the MPSC had not entered an order on Entergy Mississippi’s filing on the requested relief to continue billing this provision, Entergy Mississippi suspended billing the monthly storm damage provision effective with February 2024 bills.

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Industrial and Commercial Customers

Entergy Mississippi’s large industrial and commercial customers continually explore ways to reduce their energy costs. Additionally, cogeneration is an option available to a portion of Entergy Mississippi’s industrial customer base.

Federal Regulation

Nuclear Matters

See the “Nuclear Matters” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for a discussion of nuclear matters.

Environmental Risks

Entergy Mississippi’s facilities and operations are subject to regulation by various governmental authorities having jurisdiction over air quality, water quality, control of toxic substances and hazardous and solid wastes, and other environmental matters. Management believes that Entergy Mississippi is in substantial compliance with environmental regulations currently applicable to its facilities and operations, with reference to possible exceptions noted in “Regulation of Entergy’s Business - Environmental Regulation” in Part I, Item 1. Because environmental regulations are subject to change, future compliance costs cannot be precisely estimated.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of Entergy Mississippi’s financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to apply appropriate accounting policies and to make estimates and judgments that can have a significant effect on reported financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Management has identified the following accounting estimates as critical because they are based on assumptions and measurements that involve a high degree of uncertainty, and the potential for future changes in these assumptions and measurements could produce estimates that would have a material effect on the presentation of Entergy Mississippi’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Utility Regulatory Accounting

Taxation and Uncertain Tax Positions

Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

Entergy Mississippi’s qualified pension and other postretirement reported costs, as described in Note 11 to the financial statements, are affected by numerous factors including the provisions of the plans, changing employee demographics, and various actuarial calculations, assumptions, and accounting mechanisms. See “Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits” in the “Critical Accounting Estimates” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for further discussion. Because of the complexity of these calculations, the long-term nature of these obligations, and the importance of the assumptions utilized, Entergy’s estimate of these costs is a critical accounting estimate.

Cost Sensitivity

The following chart reflects the sensitivity of qualified pension cost and qualified projected benefit obligation to changes in certain actuarial assumptions (dollars in thousands).

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The following chart reflects the sensitivity of postretirement benefits cost and accumulated postretirement benefit obligation to changes in certain actuarial assumptions (dollars in thousands).

Each fluctuation above assumes that the other components of the calculation are held constant.

Costs and Employer Contributions

Total qualified pension cost for Entergy Mississippi in 2025 was $3.2 million, including $146 thousand in settlement costs. Entergy Mississippi anticipates 2026 qualified pension cost to be $2.6 million. Entergy Mississippi contributed $8.1 million to its qualified pension plans in 2025 and estimates 2026 pension contributions will be approximately $4 million, although the 2026 required pension contributions will be known with more certainty when the January 1, 2026 valuations are completed, which is expected by April 1, 2026.

Total postretirement health care and life insurance benefit income for Entergy Mississippi in 2025 was $3.9 million. Entergy Mississippi expects 2026 postretirement health care and life insurance benefit income of approximately $3.5 million.

Other Contingencies

New Accounting Pronouncements

See the “New Accounting Pronouncements” section of Note 1 to the financial statements for a discussion of new accounting pronouncements.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the member and Board of Directors of

Entergy Mississippi, LLC and Subsidiaries

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Entergy Mississippi, LLC and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of income, cash flows and changes in equity (pages 402 through 406 and applicable items in pages 53 through 246), for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Rate and Regulatory Matters — Entergy Mississippi, LLC and Subsidiaries — Refer to Note 2 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company is subject to rate regulation by the Mississippi Public Service Commission (the “MPSC”), which has jurisdiction with respect to the rates of electric companies in Mississippi, and to wholesale rate regulation by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”). Management has determined it meets the requirements under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America to prepare its financial statements applying the specialized rules to account for the effects of cost-based rate regulation.

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The Company’s rates are subject to regulatory rate-setting processes and annual earnings oversight. Because the MPSC and the FERC set the rates the Company is allowed to charge customers based on allowable costs, including a reasonable return on equity, the Company applies accounting standards that require the financial statements to reflect the effects of rate regulation, including the recording of regulatory assets and liabilities. The Company assesses whether the regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities continue to meet the criteria for probable future recovery or settlement at each balance sheet date and when regulatory events occur. This assessment includes consideration of recent rate orders, historical regulatory treatment for similar costs, and factors such as changes in applicable regulatory and political environments. While the Company has indicated it expects to recover costs from customers through regulated rates, there is a risk that the MPSC and the FERC will not approve: (1) full recovery of the costs of providing utility service, or (2) full recovery of amounts invested in the utility business and a reasonable return on that investment.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the uncertainty of future decisions by the MPSC and the FERC, recovery in future rates of regulatory assets and refunds or future reductions in rates related to regulatory liabilities included the following, among others:

•We evaluated the Company’s disclosures related to the impacts of rate regulation, including the balances recorded and regulatory developments.

•We read relevant regulatory orders issued by the MPSC and the FERC for the Company to assess the likelihood of recovery in future rates or of a future reduction in rates based on precedents of the MPSC’s and FERC’s treatment of similar costs under similar circumstances. We evaluated external information and compared to management’s recorded regulatory asset and liability balances for completeness.

•For regulatory matters in process, we inspected the Company’s filings with the MPSC and the FERC and orders issued, and considered the filings with the MPSC and the FERC by intervenors that may impact the Company’s future rates, for any evidence that might contradict management’s assertions.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

New Orleans, Louisiana

February 19, 2026

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2001.

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ENTERGY NEW ORLEANS, LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Results of Operations

2025 Compared to 2024

Net Income

Net income increased $34.6 million primarily due to a $78.5 million ($57.4 million net-of-tax) regulatory charge, recorded in first quarter 2024, primarily to reflect a settlement in principle between Entergy New Orleans and the City Council in April 2024 for additional sharing with customers of income tax benefits from the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit. Also contributing to the increase were lower other operation and maintenance expenses, lower taxes other than income taxes, and lower depreciation and amortization expenses. The increase was partially offset by a $12.8 million ($9.6 million net-of-tax) charge, recorded in third quarter 2025, to reflect the write-off of retained natural gas plant assets that were not included in the sale of Entergy New Orleans’s natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025, and which will not be recovered, higher interest expense, and lower other income. See Note 3 to the financial statements for discussion of the April 2024 settlement in principle and discussion of the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit. See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of Entergy New Orleans’s natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025.

Operating Revenues

Following is an analysis of the change in operating revenues comparing 2025 to 2024:

Entergy New Orleans’s results include revenues from rate mechanisms designed to recover fuel, purchased power, and other costs such that the revenues and expenses associated with these items generally offset and do not affect net income. “Fuel, rider, and other revenues that do not significantly affect net income” includes the revenue variance associated with these items.

The effect of sale of natural gas distribution business variance represents the decrease in operating revenues resulting from the absence of natural gas revenues following the sale of the natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025. See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of Entergy New Orleans’s natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025.

The volume/weather variance is primarily due to a decrease in weather-adjusted residential usage and a decrease in commercial usage, partially offset by the effect of more favorable weather on residential sales.

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The retail electric price variance is primarily due to a decrease in formula rate plan rates effective September 2025 in accordance with the terms of the 2025 formula rate plan filing, partially offset by an increase in formula rate plan rates effective September 2024 in accordance with the terms of the 2024 formula rate plan filing. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the formula rate plan filings.

Total electric energy sales for Entergy New Orleans for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

See Note 19 to the financial statements for additional discussion of Entergy New Orleans’s operating revenues.

Other Income Statement Variances

Other operation and maintenance expenses decreased primarily due to:

•a decrease of $6.6 million in gas operation expenses resulting from the absence of expenses during the last six months of 2025 and a $2.7 million gain, recorded in 2025, both as a result of the sale of the natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025. See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of Entergy New Orleans’s natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025;

•contract costs of $3.3 million in 2024 related to operational performance, customer service, and organizational health initiatives;

•$1.8 million in costs recognized in 2024 related to credits provided to customers as part of the rate mitigation plan approved in the settlement of the 2023 formula rate plan filing. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the 2023 formula rate plan filing; and

•a decrease of $1.6 million in loss provisions.

Asset write-offs includes a $12.8 million charge, recorded in third quarter 2025, to reflect the write-off of retained natural gas plant assets that were not included in the sale of Entergy New Orleans’s natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025, and which will not be recovered. See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of Entergy New Orleans’s natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025.

Taxes other than income taxes decreased primarily due to decreases in local franchise fees as a result of lower retail revenues in 2025 as compared to 2024, including decreased natural gas revenues resulting from the sale of Entergy New Orleans’s natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025, and decreases in ad valorem taxes resulting from lower assessments. See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of Entergy New Orleans’s natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025.

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Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased primarily due to the absence of depreciation and amortization expenses associated with natural gas plant in service following the sale of the natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025, partially offset by additions to plant in service. See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of Entergy New Orleans’s natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025.

Other regulatory charges (credits) - net includes a regulatory charge of $78.5 million, recorded in first quarter 2024, primarily to reflect a settlement in principle between Entergy New Orleans and the City Council in April 2024 for additional sharing with customers of income tax benefits from the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit. See Note 3 to the financial statements for discussion of the April 2024 settlement in principle and discussion of the resolution of the 2016-2018 IRS audit.

Other income decreased primarily due to the deferral of certain other postretirement benefit expense credits, effective September 2024, in accordance with the terms of the 2024 formula rate plan filing.

Interest expense increased primarily due to an increase of $8 million in carrying costs on regulatory liability balances, partially offset by lower interest accrued on customer deposits.

The effective income tax rates were 23.9% for 2025 and 15.2% for 2024. See Note 3 to the financial statements for a reconciliation of the federal statutory rate of 21% to the effective income tax rates and for additional discussion regarding income taxes.

2024 Compared to 2023

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Results of Operations” in Item 7 of Entergy New Orleans’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2025, for discussion of results of operations for 2024 compared to 2023.

Income Tax Legislation and Regulation

Sale of Natural Gas Distribution Business

See the “Dispositions - Natural Gas Distribution Businesses” section in Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of the Entergy New Orleans natural gas distribution business.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flow

Cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were as follows:

2025 Compared to 2024

Operating Activities

Net cash flow provided by operating activities decreased $103 million in 2025 primarily due to:

•the receipt of $98.1 million in settlement proceeds in 2024 as a result of the System Energy settlement with the City Council. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the System Energy settlement with the City Council;

•the timing of payments to vendors; and

•income tax payments of $10.1 million in 2025 compared to income tax refunds of $17.9 million in 2024. Entergy New Orleans made income tax payments in 2025 primarily related to estimated state income taxes and in accordance with Entergy’s tax allocation agreement. Entergy New Orleans received income tax refunds in 2024 primarily in accordance with Entergy’s tax allocation agreement.

The decrease was partially offset by higher collections from customers and the receipt of $59.9 million in payments from affiliates in 2025 in accordance with the Unit Power Sales Agreement and the MSS-4 replacement tariff related to the transfer of 2024 nuclear production tax credits by affiliates to third parties in 2025.

Investing Activities

Entergy New Orleans’s investing activities provided $115.4 million of cash in 2025 compared to using $163.5 million of cash in 2024 primarily due to the following activity:

•$283.9 million in proceeds from the sale of the natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025. See Note 14 to the financial statements for discussion of the sale of Entergy New Orleans’s natural gas distribution business on July 1, 2025;

•an increase of $20.3 million in non-nuclear generation construction expenditures primarily due to a higher scope of work performed during plant outages in 2025 as compared to 2024; and

•the receipt of $13.1 million from the storm reserve escrow account in 2025.

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Financing Activities

Net cash flow used in financing activities increased $129.1 million in 2025 primarily due to:

•the issuances of $65 million of 6.41% Series mortgage bonds, $50 million of 6.54% Series mortgage bonds, and $35 million of 6.25% Series mortgage bonds, each in May 2024;

•the repayment, at maturity, of $78 million of 3.00% Series mortgage bonds in March 2025; and

•an increase of $15 million in common equity distributions paid in 2025 in order to maintain Entergy New Orleans’s capital structure.

The increase was partially offset by the repayment, at maturity, of an $85 million unsecured term loan in June 2024 and money pool activity.

2024 Compared to 2023

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Cash Flow” in Item 7 of Entergy New Orleans’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2025, for discussion of operating, investing, and financing cash flow activities for 2024 compared to 2023.

Capital Structure

Entergy New Orleans’s debt to capital ratio is shown in the following table.

Net debt consists of debt less cash and cash equivalents. Debt consists of short-term borrowings, finance lease obligations, long-term debt, including the currently maturing portion, and the long-term payable due to an associated company. Capital consists of debt and equity. Net capital consists of capital less cash and cash equivalents.

Entergy New Orleans seeks to optimize its capital structure in accordance with its regulatory requirements and to control its cost of capital while also maintaining equity capitalization at a level consistent with investment-grade debt ratings. To the extent that operating cash flows are in excess of planned investments, cash may be used to reduce outstanding debt or may be paid as a distribution, to the extent funds are legally available to do so, or

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both, in appropriate amounts to maintain the capital structure. To the extent that operating cash flows are insufficient to support planned investments, Entergy New Orleans may issue incremental debt or reduce distributions, or both, to maintain its capital structure. In addition, in certain infrequent circumstances, such as financing of large transactions that would materially alter the capital structure if financed entirely with debt and reduced distributions, Entergy New Orleans may receive equity contributions to maintain its capital structure.

Uses of Capital

Entergy New Orleans requires capital resources for:

•construction and other capital investments;

•working capital purposes, including the financing of fuel and purchased power costs;

•debt maturities or retirements; and

•distribution and interest payments.

In addition to routine capital spending to maintain operations, the planned capital investment estimate for Entergy New Orleans includes distribution and Utility support spending to improve reliability, resilience, and customer experience; transmission spending to improve reliability and resilience; and other investments.

Recent announcements of changes to international trade policy and tariffs and further similar changes may impact Entergy New Orleans’s business, operations, results of operations, and liquidity and capital resources. Potential impacts may include increases in costs associated with Entergy New Orleans’s capital investments or operation and maintenance expenses; operational impacts, such as supply chain, manufacturing, cost and availability of qualified, skilled labor, or raw materials sourcing disruptions which may affect Entergy New Orleans’s ability to make planned capital investments as and when expected and needed; legal uncertainties, such as potential legal or other challenges to presidential tariff authority; or broader economic risks, including changes to domestic monetary policy, shifting customer demand, impacts on customer investment decisions, and volatile or uncertain credit and capital markets, which may affect Entergy New Orleans’s ability to access needed capital.

Entergy New Orleans has incurred incremental cost increases due to certain tariff-exposed inputs, including select equipment, components, or underlying raw materials. As of the date of this Form 10-K, such increases have not had a material effect on its current and planned capital projects. Entergy New Orleans is not able to predict any

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further effects of such tariffs or the effects of potential changes in regulation and law, changes to governmental programs, such as loans, grants, guarantees, and other subsidies, and trade-related governmental actions, such as tariffs and other measures, on its current and planned capital projects.

Following are the amounts of Entergy New Orleans’s existing debt and lease obligations (includes estimated interest payments).

(a)Long-term debt is discussed in Note 5 to the financial statements.

(b)Lease obligations are discussed in Note 10 to the financial statements.

Other Obligations

Entergy New Orleans currently expects to contribute approximately $3.3 million to its qualified pension plans and approximately $336 thousand to its other postretirement plans in 2026, although the 2026 required pension contributions will be known with more certainty when the January 1, 2026, valuations are completed, which is expected by April 1, 2026. See “Critical Accounting Estimates - Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits” below and Note 11 to the financial statements for a discussion of qualified pension and other postretirement benefits funding.

Entergy New Orleans has $14.8 million of unrecognized tax benefits net of unused tax attributes plus interest for which the timing of payments beyond 12 months cannot be reasonably estimated due to uncertainties in the timing of effective settlement of tax positions. See Note 3 to the financial statements for additional information regarding unrecognized tax benefits.

In addition, Entergy New Orleans enters into fuel and purchased power agreements that contain minimum purchase obligations. Entergy New Orleans has rate mechanisms in place to recover fuel, purchased power, and associated costs incurred under these purchase obligations. See Note 8 to the financial statements for discussion of Entergy New Orleans’s obligations under the Unit Power Sales Agreement.

As a wholly-owned subsidiary of Entergy Utility Holding Company, LLC, Entergy New Orleans pays distributions from its earnings at a percentage determined monthly.

Resilience and Grid Hardening

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required Entergy New Orleans to submit, no later than July 2024, a revised resilience plan consisting of projects over a three-year period. In March 2024, Entergy New Orleans filed with the City Council for approval the requested three-year resilience plan, which included $168 million in hardening projects. The three-year resilience plan was to be in addition to the previously authorized resilience project to be partially funded by the DOE’s Grid Resilience and Innovation Partnerships program. In October 2024 the City Council approved a resolution authorizing a two-year resilience plan totaling $100 million and approved the requested resilience and storm hardening cost recovery rider. Entergy New Orleans implemented the approved resilience and storm hardening cost recovery rider effective with the first billing cycle of January 2025. In December 2025, the City Council issued a resolution establishing certain metrics and reporting requirements for the approved hardening projects. Also in December 2025, Entergy New Orleans filed an application and supporting testimony seeking the City Council’s approval of the second phase of its infrastructure hardening plan totaling approximately $400 million over a five-year period (2027 to 2031). Entergy New Orleans requested the City Council approve the application by October 2026.

Sources of Capital

Entergy New Orleans’s sources to meet its capital requirements include:

•internally generated funds;

•cash on hand;

•the Entergy system money pool;

•storm reserve escrow accounts;

•debt and preferred membership interest issuances, including debt issuances to refund or retire currently outstanding or maturing indebtedness;

•capital contributions; and

•bank financing under new or existing facilities.

Circumstances such as weather patterns, fuel and purchased power price fluctuations, and unanticipated expenses, including unscheduled plant outages and storms, could affect the timing and level of internally generated funds in the future. In addition to the financings necessary to meet capital requirements and contractual obligations, Entergy New Orleans expects to continue, when economically feasible, to retire higher-cost debt and replace it with lower-cost debt if market conditions permit.

All debt and common and preferred membership interest issuances by Entergy New Orleans require prior regulatory approval. Entergy New Orleans has sufficient capacity under these tests to meet its foreseeable capital needs for the next twelve months and beyond.

See Note 4 to the financial statements for a description of the money pool.

Entergy New Orleans has a credit facility in the amount of $25 million scheduled to expire in June 2027. The credit facility includes fronting commitments for the issuance of letters of credit against $10 million of the

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borrowing capacity of the facility. As of December 31, 2025, there were no cash borrowings and no letters of credit outstanding under the credit facility. In addition, Entergy New Orleans is a party to an uncommitted letter of credit facility as a means to post collateral to support its obligations to MISO. As of December 31, 2025, a $0.5 million letter of credit was outstanding under Entergy New Orleans’s uncommitted letter of credit facility. See Note 4 to the financial statements for additional discussion of the credit facilities.

See Note 4 to the financial statements for further discussion of Entergy New Orleans’s short-term borrowing limits. The long-term securities issuances of Entergy New Orleans are limited to amounts authorized not only by the FERC, but also by the City Council, and the current City Council authorization extends through December 2027.

State and Local Rate Regulation

The rates that Entergy New Orleans charges for its services significantly influence its financial position, results of operations, and liquidity. Entergy New Orleans is regulated, and the rates charged to its customers are determined in regulatory proceedings. A governmental agency, the City Council, is primarily responsible for approval of the rates charged to customers.

Retail Rates

2023 Formula Rate Plan Filing

Request for Extension and Modification of Formula Rate Plan

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2024 Formula Rate Plan Filing

2025 Formula Rate Plan Filing

In April 2025, Entergy New Orleans submitted to the City Council its formula rate plan 2024 test year filing. Without adjustments, this would have resulted in a decrease in electric rates of $13.8 million. The decrease in electric rates was driven by the realignment of regulatory liabilities into the formula from a separate rate mechanism, partially offset by the cost of known and measurable electric capital additions. The filing also commenced the previously authorized recovery of certain regulatory costs and requested a revenue-neutral recovery to offset a proposed reduction in bill payment late fees. Taking into account these proposed adjustments, the filing presented a decrease in authorized electric revenues of $8.6 million. The City Council’s advisors issued a report in July 2025 seeking a reduction in Entergy New Orleans’s requested electric formula rate plan revenues of approximately $7.2 million due to certain proposed cost realignments and disallowances, of which $4.1 million was associated with Entergy New Orleans’s proposed implementation, on a revenue neutral basis, of a proposed reduction in customer late fees. Effective with the first billing cycle of September 2025, Entergy New Orleans implemented rates reflecting an amount agreed upon by Entergy New Orleans and the City Council, per the approved process for formula rate implementation. The electric formula rate plan decrease implemented was $19.2 million.

Fuel and purchased power cost recovery

Distributed Energy Resources Program

In October 2024 the City Council opened a docket to evaluate potential opportunities to increase the availability of distributed energy resources, battery storage, and related facilities in New Orleans. In December 2025 the City Council issued a resolution establishing a distributed energy resources program to be implemented and operated under the existing Energy Smart program, with $28 million in customer incentives available through credits funded by credits from the System Energy settlement with the City Council. See “Complaints Against System Energy - System Energy Settlement with the City Council” in Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the System Energy settlement with the City Council.

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Entergy New Orleans, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Federal Regulation

Nuclear Matters

See the “Nuclear Matters” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for a discussion of nuclear matters.

Environmental Risks

Entergy New Orleans’s facilities and operations are subject to regulation by various governmental authorities having jurisdiction over air quality, water quality, control of toxic substances and hazardous and solid wastes, and other environmental matters. Management believes that Entergy New Orleans is in substantial compliance with environmental regulations currently applicable to its facilities and operations, with reference to possible exceptions noted in “Regulation of Entergy’s Business - Environmental Regulation” in Part I, Item 1. Because environmental regulations are subject to change, future compliance costs cannot be precisely estimated.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of Entergy New Orleans’s financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to apply appropriate accounting policies and to make estimates and judgments that can have a significant effect on reported financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Management has identified the following accounting estimates as critical because they are based on assumptions and measurements that involve a high degree of uncertainty, and the potential for future changes in these assumptions and measurements could produce estimates that would have a material effect on the presentation of Entergy New Orleans’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Utility Regulatory Accounting

Taxation and Uncertain Tax Positions

Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

Entergy New Orleans’s qualified pension and other postretirement reported costs, as described in Note 11 to the financial statements, are affected by numerous factors including the provisions of the plans, changing employee demographics, and various actuarial calculations, assumptions, and accounting mechanisms. See “Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits” in the “Critical Accounting Estimates” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for further discussion. Because of the complexity of these calculations, the long-term nature of these obligations, and the importance of the assumptions utilized, Entergy’s estimate of these costs is a critical accounting estimate.

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Entergy New Orleans, LLC and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Cost Sensitivity

The following chart reflects the sensitivity of qualified pension cost and qualified projected benefit obligation to changes in certain actuarial assumptions (dollars in thousands).

The following chart reflects the sensitivity of postretirement benefits cost and accumulated postretirement benefit obligation to changes in certain actuarial assumptions (dollars in thousands).

Each fluctuation above assumes that the other components of the calculation are held constant.

Costs and Employer Contributions

Total qualified pension cost for Entergy New Orleans in 2025 was $6.4 million, including $6.2 million in settlement costs. Entergy New Orleans anticipates 2026 qualified pension cost to be $1 million. Entergy New Orleans contributed $5 million to its qualified pension plans in 2025 and estimates 2026 pension contributions will be approximately $3.3 million, although the 2026 required pension contributions will be known with more certainty when the January 1, 2026 valuations are completed, which is expected by April 1, 2026.

Total postretirement health care and life insurance benefit costs for Entergy New Orleans in 2025 was $12.3 million, including $1.6 million in settlement and curtailment credits. Entergy New Orleans expects 2026 postretirement health care and life insurance benefit income of approximately $4.7 million.

Other Contingencies

New Accounting Pronouncements

See the “New Accounting Pronouncements” section of Note 1 to the financial statements for a discussion of new accounting pronouncements.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the member and Board of Directors of

Entergy New Orleans, LLC and Subsidiaries

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Entergy New Orleans, LLC and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of income, cash flows, and changes in member’s equity (pages 421 through 426 and applicable items in pages 53 through 246), for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Rate and Regulatory Matters — Entergy New Orleans, LLC and Subsidiaries — Refer to Note 2 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company is subject to rate regulation by the Council of the City of New Orleans, Louisiana (the “City Council”), which has jurisdiction with respect to the rates of electric companies in the City of New Orleans, Louisiana, and to wholesale rate regulation by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”). Management has determined it meets the requirements under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America to prepare its financial statements applying the specialized rules to account for the effects of cost-based rate regulation.

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The Company’s rates are subject to regulatory rate-setting processes and annual earnings oversight. Because the City Council and the FERC set the rates the Company is allowed to charge customers based on allowable costs, including a reasonable return on equity, the Company applies accounting standards that require the financial statements to reflect the effects of rate regulation, including the recording of regulatory assets and liabilities. The Company assesses whether the regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities continue to meet the criteria for probable future recovery or settlement at each balance sheet date and when regulatory events occur. This assessment includes consideration of recent rate orders, historical regulatory treatment for similar costs, and factors such as changes in applicable regulatory and political environments. While the Company has indicated it expects to recover costs from customers through regulated rates, there is a risk that the City Council and the FERC will not approve: (1) full recovery of the costs of providing utility service, or (2) full recovery of amounts invested in the utility business and a reasonable return on that investment.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the uncertainty of future decisions by the City Council and the FERC, recovery in future rates of regulatory assets and refunds or future reductions in rates related to regulatory liabilities included the following, among others:

•We evaluated the Company’s disclosures related to the impacts of rate regulation, including the balances recorded and regulatory developments.

•We read relevant regulatory orders issued by the City Council and the FERC for the Company to assess the likelihood of recovery in future rates or of a future reduction in rates based on precedents of the City Council’s and the FERC’s treatment of similar costs under similar circumstances. We evaluated external information and compared to management’s recorded regulatory asset and liability balances for completeness.

•For regulatory matters in process, we inspected the Company’s filings with the City Council and the FERC and orders issued, and considered the filings with the City Council and the FERC by intervenors that may impact the Company’s future rates, for any evidence that might contradict management’s assertions.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

New Orleans, Louisiana

February 19, 2026

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2001.

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ENTERGY TEXAS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Results of Operations

2025 Compared to 2024

Net Income

Net income increased $40.5 million primarily due to higher retail electric price, higher volume/weather, and higher other income, partially offset by higher purchased power costs related to the procurement of capacity through MISO’s annual planning resource auction, higher interest expense, higher other operation and maintenance expenses, higher taxes other than income taxes, and higher depreciation and amortization expenses.

Operating Revenues

Following is an analysis of the change in operating revenues comparing 2025 to 2024:

Entergy Texas’s results include revenues from rate mechanisms designed to recover fuel, purchased power, and other costs such that the revenues and expenses associated with these items generally offset and do not affect net income. “Fuel, rider, and other revenues that do not significantly affect net income” includes the revenue variance associated with these items.

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Total electric energy sales for Entergy Texas for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

See Note 19 to the financial statements for additional discussion of Entergy Texas’s operating revenues.

Other Income Statement Variances

Purchased power includes an increase in 2025 of $33.8 million in costs related to the procurement of capacity through MISO’s annual planning resource auction, including the effect of a significant increase in MISO’s seasonal auction clearing price, due in part to the implementation of a reliability-based demand curve, for capacity transactions during the summer months. Although Entergy Texas does not have the ability to recover its MISO capacity costs incurred to date beyond the level included in base rates, in June 2025, Texas legislation established a capacity cost recovery rider mechanism that would allow for the recovery of costs related to the procurement of capacity through MISO’s annual planning resource auction outside of base rates through a rider that is updated annually. Entergy Texas plans in second quarter 2026 to file for such a rider to recover future capacity procurement costs at the earliest opportunity.

Other operation and maintenance expenses increased primarily due to:

•an increase of $8.0 million in bad debt expense;

•an increase of $7.9 million in power delivery expenses primarily due to higher vegetation maintenance costs;

•an increase of $3.7 million in loss provisions;

•an increase of $1.8 million in transmission costs allocated by MISO;

•an increase of $1.7 million in insurance expense primarily due to higher premiums in 2025 as compared to 2024;

•an increase of $1.6 million in energy efficiency costs primarily due to the timing of recovery from customers; and

•several individually insignificant items.

The increase was partially offset by:

•contract costs of $8.1 million in 2024 related to operational performance, customer service, and organizational health initiatives;

•a decrease of $6.9 million in non-nuclear generation expenses primarily due to a lower scope of work, including during plant outages, in 2025 as compared to 2024; and

•a decrease of $1.8 million in storm damage provisions.

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Taxes other than income taxes increased primarily due to increases in ad valorem taxes resulting from higher assessments.

Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased primarily due to the recognition of $27.6 million in depreciation expense in 2024 for the 2022 base rate case relate back period, effective over six months beginning January 2024. The recognition of depreciation expense for the relate back period was effective over the same period as collections from the relate back surcharge rider and resulted in no effect on net income. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the 2022 base rate case. The decrease was partially offset by additions to plant in service.

Other income increased primarily due to an increase in the allowance for equity funds used during construction due to higher construction work in progress in 2025, including the Legend Power Station project, the Orange County Advanced Power Station project, and the Lone Star Power Station project, partially offset by lower interest earned on money pool investments.

The effective income tax rates were 16.4% for 2025 and 18.3% for 2024. See Note 3 to the financial statements for a reconciliation of the federal statutory rate of 21% to the effective income tax rates and for additional discussion regarding income taxes.

2024 Compared to 2023

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Results of Operations” in Item 7 of Entergy Texas’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2025, for discussion of results of operations for 2024 compared to 2023.

Income Tax Legislation and Regulation

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flow

Cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were as follows:

2025 Compared to 2024

Operating Activities

Net cash flow provided by operating activities decreased $195.7 million in 2025 primarily due to the timing of recovery of fuel and purchased power costs and higher fuel and purchased power payments, an increase of $32.7 million in interest paid, and the timing of payments to vendors. The decrease was partially offset by the receipt of $45.6 million in payments from affiliates in 2025 in accordance with the MSS-4 replacement tariff related to the transfer of 2024 nuclear production tax credits by affiliates to third parties in 2025 and a decrease of $19 million in storm spending primarily due to Hurricane Beryl restoration efforts in 2024. See Note 2 to the financial statements for a discussion of fuel and purchased power cost recovery.

Investing Activities

Net cash flow used in investing activities increased $312.9 million in 2025 primarily due to an increase of $514.4 million in non-nuclear generation construction expenditures primarily due to higher spending on the Legend Power Station project, the Lone Star Power Station project, and the Orange County Advanced Power Station project and money pool activity. The increase was partially offset by:

•the receipt of $358.8 million in proceeds from the sale of assets related to the Legend Power Station project in 2025. See Note 8 to the financial statements for discussion of the Entergy Texas build-to-suit lease arrangement for the Legend Power Station;

•a decrease of $53.2 million in transmission construction expenditures primarily due to decreased spending on various transmission projects in 2025;

•proceeds of $41.4 million received in 2025 from the transfer of assets related to the Segno Solar and Votaw Solar facilities from Entergy Texas to Entergy Louisiana. See “Uses and Sources of Capital - Segno Solar and Votaw Solar” below for discussion of the facilities and transfer; and

•a decrease of $23.0 million in distribution construction expenditures primarily due to lower capital expenditures for storm restoration in 2025, partially offset by higher capital expenditures as a result of increased development in Entergy Texas’s service area. The decrease in storm restoration expenditures is primarily due to Hurricane Beryl restoration efforts in 2024.

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Increases in Entergy Texas’s receivable from the money pool are a use of cash flow, and Entergy Texas’s receivable from the money pool increased $4.0 million in 2025 compared to decreasing by $299.4 million in 2024. The money pool is an intercompany cash management program that makes possible intercompany borrowing and lending arrangements, and the money pool and other borrowing arrangements are designed to reduce the Registrant Subsidiaries’ dependence on external short-term borrowings.

Financing Activities

Net cash flow provided by financing activities increased $435.7 million in 2025 primarily due to:

•the issuance of $500 million of 5.25% Series mortgage bonds in February 2025;

•a capital contribution of $225 million received from Entergy Corporation in 2025 in order to maintain Entergy Texas’s capital structure and in anticipation of various capital expenditures; and

•the payment of $69 million of common stock dividends in 2024. No common stock dividends were paid in 2025 in order to maintain Entergy Texas’s capital structure.

The increase was partially offset by a decrease of $20.9 million in advance payments from customers for construction related to transmission, distribution, and generator interconnection agreements and the issuance of $350 million of 5.55% Series mortgage bonds in August 2024.

2024 Compared to 2023

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Cash Flow” in Item 7 of Entergy Texas’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2025, for discussion of operating, investing, and financing cash flow activities for 2024 compared to 2023.

Capital Structure

Entergy Texas’s debt to capital ratio is shown in the following table.

(a)Calculation excludes the securitization bonds, which are non-recourse to Entergy Texas.

Net debt consists of debt less cash and cash equivalents. Debt consists of finance lease obligations and long-term debt, including the currently maturing portion. Capital consists of debt and equity. Net capital consists of capital less cash and cash equivalents. The debt to capital ratio excluding securitization bonds and net debt to net capital ratio excluding securitization bonds are non-GAAP measures. Entergy Texas uses the debt to capital ratios excluding securitization bonds in analyzing its financial condition and believes they provide useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating Entergy Texas’s financial condition because the securitization bonds are non-recourse to Entergy Texas, as more fully described in Note 5 to the financial statements. Entergy Texas also uses the net debt to net capital ratio excluding securitization bonds in analyzing its financial condition and believes it provides useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating Entergy Texas’s financial condition

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because net debt indicates Entergy Texas’s outstanding debt position that could not be readily satisfied by cash and cash equivalents on hand.

Entergy Texas seeks to optimize its capital structure in accordance with its regulatory requirements and to control its cost of capital while also maintaining equity capitalization at a level consistent with investment-grade debt ratings. To the extent that operating cash flows are in excess of planned investments, cash may be used to reduce outstanding debt or may be paid as a dividend, to the extent funds are legally available to do so, or both, in appropriate amounts to maintain the capital structure. To the extent that operating cash flows are insufficient to support planned investments, Entergy Texas may issue incremental debt or reduce dividends, or both, to maintain its capital structure. In addition, Entergy Texas may receive equity contributions to maintain its capital structure for certain circumstances such as financing of large transactions that would materially alter the capital structure if financed entirely with debt and reduced dividends.

Uses of Capital

Entergy Texas requires capital resources for:

•construction and other capital investments;

•debt maturities or retirements;

•working capital purposes, including the financing of fuel and purchased power costs; and

•dividend and interest payments.

Following are the amounts of Entergy Texas’s planned construction and other capital investments.

Estimated capital expenditures are subject to periodic review and modification and may vary based on the ongoing effects of regulatory constraints and requirements, governmental actions, including trade-related governmental actions, such as tariffs and other measures, environmental compliance, business opportunities, market volatility, economic trends, business restructuring, changes in project plans, and the ability to access capital, including any changes to governmental programs, such as loans, grants, guarantees, and other subsidies. Entergy Texas is not able to predict the effect of potential changes in regulation and law, changes to governmental programs, such as loans, grants, guarantees, and other subsidies, and trade-related governmental actions, such as tariffs and other measures, on its current and planned capital projects.

Recent announcements of changes to international trade policy and tariffs and further similar changes may impact Entergy Texas’s business, operations, results of operations, and liquidity and capital resources. Potential impacts may include increases in costs associated with Entergy Texas’s capital investments or operation and maintenance expenses; operational impacts, such as supply chain, manufacturing, cost and availability of qualified,

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skilled labor, or raw materials sourcing disruptions which may affect Entergy Texas’s ability to make planned capital investments as and when expected and needed; legal uncertainties, such as potential legal or other challenges to presidential tariff authority; or broader economic risks, including changes to domestic monetary policy, shifting customer demand, impacts on customer investment decisions, and volatile or uncertain credit and capital markets, which may affect Entergy Texas’s ability to access needed capital.

Entergy Texas has incurred incremental cost increases due to certain tariff-exposed inputs, including select equipment, components, or underlying raw materials. As of the date of this Form 10-K, such increases have not had a material effect on its current and planned capital projects. Entergy Texas is not able to predict any further effects of such tariffs or the effects of potential changes in regulation and law, changes to governmental programs, such as loans, grants, guarantees, and other subsidiaries, and trade-related governmental actions, such as tariffs and other measures, on its current and planned capital projects.

Following are the amounts of Entergy Texas’s existing debt and lease obligations (includes estimated interest payments).

(a)Long-term debt is discussed in Note 5 to the financial statements.

(b)Lease obligations are discussed in Note 10 to the financial statements.

Other Obligations

Entergy Texas currently expects to contribute approximately $5.9 million to its qualified pension plans and approximately $149 thousand to its other postretirement plans in 2026, although the 2026 required pension contributions will be known with more certainty when the January 1, 2026, valuations are completed, which is expected by April 1, 2026. See “Critical Accounting Estimates - Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits” below and Note 11 to the financial statements for a discussion of qualified pension and other postretirement benefits funding.

Entergy Texas has $103.5 million of unrecognized tax benefits net of unused tax attributes plus interest and payments for which the timing of payments beyond 12 months cannot be reasonably estimated due to uncertainties in the timing of effective settlement of tax positions. See Note 3 to the financial statements for additional information regarding unrecognized tax benefits.

See below for discussion of the build-to-suit lease arrangement for the Legend Power Station.

Entergy Texas has rate mechanisms in place to recover fuel, purchased power, and associated costs incurred under these purchase obligations.

As a subsidiary, Entergy Texas dividends its earnings to Entergy Corporation at a percentage determined monthly.

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Orange County Advanced Power Station

In September 2021, Entergy Texas filed an application seeking PUCT approval to amend Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate the Orange County Advanced Power Station, a new 1,215 MW combined cycle combustion turbine facility to be located in Bridge City, Texas at an initially-estimated expected total cost of $1.2 billion inclusive of the estimated costs of the generation facilities, transmission upgrades, contingency, an allowance for funds used during construction, and necessary regulatory expenses, among others. The project includes combustion turbine technology with dual fuel capability, able to co-fire up to 30% hydrogen by volume upon commercial operation and upgradable to support 100% hydrogen operations in the future. In December 2021 the PUCT referred the proceeding to the State Office of Administrative Hearings. In March 2022 certain intervenors filed testimony opposing the hydrogen co-firing component of the proposed project and others filed testimony opposing the project outright. Also in March 2022 the PUCT staff filed testimony opposing the hydrogen co-firing component of the proposed project, but otherwise taking no specific position on the merits of the project. The PUCT staff also proposed that the PUCT establish a maximum amount that Entergy Texas may recover in rates attributable to the project. In April 2022, Entergy Texas filed rebuttal testimony addressing and rebutting these various arguments. The hearing on the merits was held in June 2022, and post-hearing briefs were submitted in July 2022. In September 2022 the ALJs with the State Office of Administrative Hearings issued a proposal for decision recommending the PUCT approve Entergy Texas’s application for certification of Orange County Advanced Power Station subject to certain conditions, including a cap on cost recovery at $1.37 billion, the exclusion of investment associated with co-firing hydrogen, weatherization requirements, and customer receipt of any contractual benefits associated with the facility’s guaranteed heat rate. In October 2022 the parties in the proceeding filed exceptions and replies to exceptions to the proposal for decision. Also in October 2022, Entergy Texas filed with the PUCT information regarding a new fixed pricing option for an estimated project cost of approximately $1.55 billion associated with Entergy Texas’s issuance of limited notice to proceed by mid-November 2022. In November 2022 the PUCT issued a final order approving the requested amendment to Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate the Orange County Advanced Power Station without the investment associated with hydrogen co-firing capability, without a cap on cost recovery, and subject to certain conditions, including weatherization requirements and customer receipt of any contractual benefits associated with the facility’s guaranteed heat rate.

Legend Power Station and Lone Star Power Station

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expected to cost an estimated $1.46 billion and the Lone Star Power Station was expected to cost an estimated $735.3 million, in each case inclusive of the estimated costs of the generation facilities, interconnection costs, transmission network upgrades, and an allowance for funds used during construction. In July 2024 the PUCT referred the proceeding to the State Office of Administrative Hearings and, also in July 2024, the ALJ with the State Office of Administrative Hearings adopted a procedural schedule, with a hearing on the merits scheduled to begin in October 2024. In September 2024, Entergy Texas filed, and the ALJ with the State Office of Administrative Hearings granted, a motion to extend the procedural schedule in this proceeding in order to address certain developments relating to the cost and scope of the Legend Power Station and the Lone Star Power Station. In December 2024, Entergy Texas filed supplemental testimony and exhibits addressing the cost and scope developments associated with the Legend Power Station and the Lone Star Power Station in further support of its application. The cost and scope developments include cost estimate increases of $139 million for Legend Power Station and $63.7 million for Lone Star Power Station and the consideration of an alternate site for Lone Star Power Station, which would reduce the estimated cost increase of the Lone Star Power Station to $36.2 million. In March 2025, Entergy Texas filed testimony explaining that Entergy Texas planned to move forward with building the Lone Star Power Station on a more cost-effective alternative site in San Jacinto County, Texas. A hearing on the merits was held in April 2025. Also in April 2025, Entergy Texas, intervenors, and the PUCT staff filed initial briefs. In its initial brief, the PUCT staff recommended denial of Entergy Texas’s application or, in the alternative, approval subject to conditions that include a prudence review by an external consultant if actual project costs exceed estimated costs by more than 10%, transmission cost reporting, and weatherization of both the Legend Power Station and the Lone Star Power Station. Certain intervenors requested that the PUCT impose various conditions upon the approval of the resources, including, among others, cost recovery limitations, a direction that Entergy Texas initiate a competitive tariff proceeding to facilitate industrial sleeving, a requirement for additional regulatory approvals related to hydrogen or carbon capture and storage implementation, limits on the recovery of supplemental filing costs, and calculation of AFUDC based on an adjusted weighted average cost of capital. Reply briefs were filed in May 2025. In June 2025 the ALJs with the State Office of Administrative Hearings issued a proposal for decision, in which they recommended rejection of Entergy Texas’s application to construct the Legend Power Station and the Lone Star Power Station based upon their finding that Entergy Texas did not demonstrate the resources to be cost-effective alternatives to address the uncontested need for additional generation. The ALJs’ proposal for decision was an interim step in the certification process and was not binding upon the PUCT. Entergy Texas filed exceptions in July 2025. In September 2025 the PUCT issued a decision granting the application, subject to conditions that include a cost cap at Entergy Texas’s previously-filed modified estimated costs of $1.6 billion for the Legend Power Station and $799 million for the Lone Star Power Station, weatherization requirements, environmental compliance requirements, and a requirement to request additional authorization prior to implementing hydrogen co-firing or carbon capture and storage. In October 2025 an intervenor filed a motion for rehearing requesting that the PUCT modify the Lone Star Power Station cost cap to reflect the estimated project costs associated with a new project site, clarify that the cost cap is inclusive of transmission upgrades, and reconsider the intervenor’s prior proposal for a “soft cost cap” below the estimated project costs, and that Entergy Texas be directed to initiate a competitive tariff proceeding to facilitate industrial sleeving of purchased power. Entergy Texas filed a response to the motion for rehearing in October 2025. In December 2025 the PUCT issued an order on rehearing modifying the Lone Star Power Station cost cap to $771.5 million to reflect the estimated project costs associated with a new project site and clarifying that the cost cap is inclusive of transmission upgrades, but denying the other relief requested in the motion for rehearing. Construction is underway, and subject to receipt of required permits and other conditions, both facilities are expected to be in service by mid-2028.

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Segno Solar and Votaw Solar

Southeast Texas Area Reliability Project (SETEX)

Legend to Sandling 230kV Transmission Line

In April 2025, Entergy Texas filed an application seeking PUCT approval to amend Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate a new single-circuit 230 kV transmission line. The transmission line is expected to be approximately 9 to 10 miles in length and the estimated cost of the project ranges from $87.4 million to $88.6 million, depending on the route ultimately approved by the PUCT. In July 2025, Entergy Texas filed an unopposed settlement agreement resolving all issues in the proceeding and a joint motion, which the ALJ with the State Office of Administrative Hearings granted, on behalf of the parties to the proceeding to cancel the remaining procedural schedule, to admit evidence, and to remand the proceeding to the PUCT to consider the unopposed settlement agreement. In September 2025 the PUCT issued a notice of approval for the requested amendment to Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate the new single-circuit 230 kV transmission line, with a selected route at an estimated cost of $87.6 million. Subject to receipt of required permits and other conditions, the facility is expected to be in service by second quarter 2027.

Cypress to Legend 500 kV Transmission Line

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merits was held in August 2025. In October 2025 the ALJs with the State Office of Administrative Hearings issued a proposal for decision recommending the PUCT approve Entergy Texas’s application to construct the transmission line and recommending the PUCT’s approval include selection of a specific route with an estimated cost of $398.7 million. In December 2025 the PUCT issued a final order approving the requested amendment to Entergy Texas’s certificate of convenience and necessity to construct, own, and operate the new single-circuit 500 kV transmission line, and selecting the final route previously recommended. In February 2026, landowners not party to the PUCT proceeding filed in the 345th District Court of Travis County, Texas a petition for declaratory relief and temporary and permanent injunction against the PUCT’s final order. The petition, which names the PUCT, its commissioners, and Entergy Texas as defendants, challenges Entergy Texas’s notice, the application of the PUCT’s notice rule, and the PUCT order’s approval of a route the petitioner’s assert was not adequately noticed. Subject to receipt of required permits and other conditions, the facility is expected to be in service by the end of 2028.

Resilience and Grid Hardening

Sources of Capital

Entergy Texas’s sources to meet its capital requirements include:

•internally generated funds;

•cash on hand;

•the Entergy system money pool;

•debt or preferred stock issuances, including debt issuances to refund or retire currently outstanding or maturing indebtedness;

•capital contributions; and

•bank financing under new or existing facilities.

Circumstances such as weather patterns, fuel and purchased power price fluctuations, and unanticipated expenses, including unscheduled plant outages and storms, could affect the timing and level of internally generated funds in the future. In addition to the financings necessary to meet capital requirements and contractual obligations, Entergy Texas expects to continue, when economically feasible, to retire higher-cost debt and replace it with lower-cost debt if market conditions permit.

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All debt and common and preferred stock issuances by Entergy Texas require prior regulatory approval. Entergy Texas has sufficient capacity under these tests to meet its foreseeable capital needs for the next twelve months and beyond.

See Note 4 to the financial statements for a description of the money pool.

As of December 31, 2025, there were no cash borrowings and $1.1 million in letters of credit outstanding under the credit facility. See Note 4 to the financial statements for additional discussion of the credit facilities.

See Note 4 to the financial statements for further discussion of Entergy Texas’s short-term borrowing limits.

Build-to-Suit Lease Arrangement for the Legend Power Station

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any fees and carrying charges owed to the Investors. If the purchase price option is exercised within two years of commencement of the triple-net lease, Entergy Texas must enter into a secured note payable to the Investors for the amount of the purchase price. The note payable would be due at the end of the initial lease term, but may be prepaid at any time beginning two years after the commencement date of the lease. The note will be secured by the Legend Power Station and related equipment and collateral.

State and Local Rate Regulation and Fuel-Cost Recovery

The rates that Entergy Texas charges for its services significantly influence its financial position, results of operations, and liquidity. Entergy Texas is regulated, and the rates charged to its customers are determined in regulatory proceedings. A governmental agency, the PUCT, is primarily responsible for approval of the rates charged to customers.

Filings with the PUCT and Texas Cities

Retail Rates

2022 Base Rate Case

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issued an order approving the unopposed settlement. Concurrently, Entergy Texas recorded the reversal of $21.9 million of regulatory liabilities to reflect the recognition of certain receipts by Entergy Texas under affiliated PPAs that have been resolved.

In October 2023, Entergy Texas filed a relate back surcharge rider to collect over six months beginning in January 2024 an additional approximately $24.6 million, which was the revenue requirement associated with the relate back of rates from December 2022 through June 2023, including carrying costs, as authorized by the PUCT’s August 2023 order. In November 2023, Entergy Texas filed an amended relate back surcharge rider to collect approximately $24.1 million based on a revised carrying cost rate.

Distribution Cost Recovery Factor (DCRF) Rider

In September 2024, Entergy Texas filed with the PUCT a request to amend its DCRF rider. The amended request represented an incremental increase of $8.2 million in annual revenues beyond Entergy Texas’s then-effective DCRF rider. Also in December 2024 the PUCT approved the DCRF rider, consistent with Entergy Texas’s filed errata, and rates became effective on December 20, 2024.

In April 2025, Entergy Texas filed with the PUCT a request to amend its DCRF rider. In June 2025 the PUCT approved the DCRF rider, consistent with Entergy Texas’s as-filed request, and rates became effective on June 25, 2025.

In September 2025, Entergy Texas filed with the PUCT a request to amend its DCRF rider. The amended request represented an incremental increase of $14.3 million in annual revenues beyond Entergy Texas’s then-effective DCRF filing. In December 2025 the PUCT approved the DCRF rider, consistent with Entergy Texas’s filed errata, and rates became effective on December 15, 2025.

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Entergy Texas, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Transmission Cost Recovery Factor (TCRF) Rider

In December 2018, Entergy Texas filed with the PUCT a request to set a new TCRF rider. The new TCRF rider was designed to collect approximately $2.7 million annually from Entergy Texas’s retail customers based on its capital invested in transmission between January 1, 2018 and September 30, 2018. In April 2019 parties filed testimony proposing a load growth adjustment, which would fully offset Entergy Texas’s proposed TCRF revenue requirement. In July 2019 the PUCT granted Entergy Texas’s application as filed to begin recovery of the requested $2.7 million annual revenue requirement, rejecting opposing parties’ proposed adjustment; however, the PUCT found that the question of prudence of the actual investment costs should be determined in Entergy Texas’s next rate case similar to the procedure used for the costs recovered through the DCRF rider. In October 2019 the PUCT issued an order on a motion for rehearing, clarifying and affirming its prior order granting Entergy Texas’s application as filed. Also in October 2019 a second motion for rehearing was filed, and Entergy Texas filed a response in opposition to the motion. The second motion for rehearing was overruled by operation of law. In December 2019, Texas Industrial Energy Consumers filed an appeal to the PUCT order in district court alleging that the PUCT erred in declining to apply a load growth adjustment.

In April 2025 the PUCT approved the TCRF rider, consistent with Entergy Texas’s as-filed request, and rates became effective for usage on and after April 7, 2025.

In October 2025, Entergy Texas filed with the PUCT a request to amend its TCRF rider. In January 2026 the PUCT staff filed a recommendation that the PUCT approve Entergy Texas’s as-filed application.

Generation Cost Recovery Rider

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Entergy Texas, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Fuel and purchased power cost recovery

As of the end of the reconciliation period, Entergy Texas’s cumulative under-recovery balance was approximately $103.1 million, including interest, which Entergy Texas requested authority to carry over as the beginning balance for the subsequent reconciliation period beginning April 2022, pending future surcharges or refunds as approved by the PUCT. In November 2022 the PUCT referred the proceeding to the State Office of Administrative Hearings. In July 2023, Entergy Texas filed an unopposed settlement, supporting testimony, and an agreed motion to admit evidence and remand the proceeding to the PUCT. Pursuant to the unopposed settlement, Entergy Texas would receive no disallowance of fuel costs incurred over the three-year reconciliation period and retain $9.3 million in margins from off-system sales made during the reconciliation period, resulting in a cumulative under-recovery balance of approximately $99.7 million, including interest, as of the end of the reconciliation period. In July 2023 the ALJ with the State Office of Administrative Hearings granted the motion to admit evidence and remanded the proceeding to the PUCT for consideration of the unopposed settlement. The PUCT approved the settlement in September 2023.

In September 2024, Entergy Texas filed an application with the PUCT to reconcile its fuel and purchased power costs for the period from April 2022 through March 2024. During the reconciliation period, Entergy Texas incurred approximately $1.6 billion in eligible fuel and purchased power expenses to generate and purchase electricity to serve its customers, net of certain revenues credited to such expenses and other adjustments. Entergy Texas’s cumulative under-recovery balance for the reconciliation period was approximately $30 million, including interest, which Entergy Texas requested authority to carry over as part of the cumulative fuel balance for the subsequent reconciliation period beginning April 2024. In March 2025, Texas Industrial Energy Consumers, an intervenor, filed testimony regarding the recovery of capacity costs for a certain power purchase agreement, arguing the capacity costs should be imputed and treated as non-reconcilable fuel expense, recovered in Entergy Texas’s base rates. In April 2025 the PUCT staff filed testimony and later in April 2025, Entergy Texas filed rebuttal testimony.

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Entergy Texas, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Texas’s application and, because no hearing was requested in the proceeding, dismissing the case from the State Office of Administrative Hearings and the PUCT.

Industrial and Commercial Customers

Entergy Texas’s large industrial and commercial customers continually explore ways to reduce their energy costs. Entergy Texas actively participates in economic development, customer retention, and reclamation activities to increase industrial and commercial demand from both new and existing customers.

Federal Regulation

Nuclear Matters

See the “Nuclear Matters” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for a discussion of nuclear matters.

Environmental Risks

Entergy Texas’s facilities and operations are subject to regulation by various governmental authorities having jurisdiction over air quality, water quality, control of toxic substances and hazardous and solid wastes, and other environmental matters. Management believes that Entergy Texas is in substantial compliance with environmental regulations currently applicable to its facilities and operations, with reference to possible exceptions noted in “Regulation of Entergy’s Business - Environmental Regulation” in Part I, Item 1. Because environmental regulations are subject to change, future compliance costs cannot be precisely estimated.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of Entergy Texas’s financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to apply appropriate accounting policies and to make estimates and judgments that can have a significant effect on reported financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Management has identified the following accounting estimates as critical because they are based on assumptions and measurements that involve a high degree of uncertainty, and the potential for future changes in these assumptions and measurements could produce estimates that would have a material effect on the presentation of Entergy Texas’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Utility Regulatory Accounting

Taxation and Uncertain Tax Positions

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Entergy Texas, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

Entergy Texas’s qualified pension and other postretirement reported costs, as described in Note 11 to the financial statements, are affected by numerous factors including the provisions of the plans, changing employee demographics, and various actuarial calculations, assumptions, and accounting mechanisms. See “Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits” in the “Critical Accounting Estimates” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for further discussion. Because of the complexity of these calculations, the long-term nature of these obligations, and the importance of the assumptions utilized, Entergy’s estimate of these costs is a critical accounting estimate.

Cost Sensitivity

The following chart reflects the sensitivity of qualified pension cost and qualified projected benefit obligation to changes in certain actuarial assumptions (dollars in thousands).

The following chart reflects the sensitivity of postretirement benefits cost and accumulated postretirement benefit obligation changes in certain actuarial assumptions (dollars in thousands).

Each fluctuation above assumes that the other components of the calculation are held constant.

Costs and Employer Contributions

Total qualified pension cost for Entergy Texas in 2025 was $2.7 million, including $617 thousand in settlement costs. Entergy Texas contributed $7.7 million to its qualified pension plans in 2025 and estimates 2026 pension contributions will be approximately $5.9 million, although the 2026 required pension contributions will be known with more certainty when the January 1, 2026 valuations are completed, which is expected by April 1, 2026.

Total postretirement health care and life insurance benefit income for Entergy Texas in 2025 was $10.6 million. Entergy Texas expects 2026 postretirement health care and life insurance benefit income to approximate $9.6 million. In 2025, Entergy Texas’ contributions to its other postretirement plans, specifically contributions to the external trusts plus claims payments, were offset by trust claims reimbursements, resulting in a net reimbursement of $171 thousand. Entergy Texas estimates that 2026 contributions will be approximately $149 thousand.

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Entergy Texas, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Other Contingencies

New Accounting Pronouncements

See the “New Accounting Pronouncements” section of Note 1 to the financial statements for a discussion of new accounting pronouncements.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and Board of Directors of

Entergy Texas, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Entergy Texas, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of income, cash flows, and changes in equity (pages 449 through 454 and applicable items in pages 53 through 246), for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

Critical Audit Matters

Rate and Regulatory Matters — Entergy Texas, Inc. and Subsidiaries — Refer to Note 2 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company is subject to rate regulation by the Public Utility Commission of Texas (the “PUCT”), which has jurisdiction with respect to the rates of electric companies in Texas, and to wholesale rate regulation by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”). Management has determined it meets the requirements under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America to prepare its financial statements applying the specialized rules to account for the effects of cost-based rate regulation.

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The Company’s rates are subject to regulatory rate-setting processes and annual earnings oversight. Because the PUCT and the FERC set the rates the Company is allowed to charge customers based on allowable costs, including a reasonable return on equity, the Company applies accounting standards that require the financial statements to reflect the effects of rate regulation, including the recording of regulatory assets and liabilities. The Company assesses whether the regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities continue to meet the criteria for probable future recovery or settlement at each balance sheet date and when regulatory events occur. This assessment includes consideration of recent rate orders, historical regulatory treatment for similar costs, and factors such as changes in applicable regulatory and political environments. While the Company has indicated it expects to recover costs from customers through regulated rates, there is a risk that the PUCT and the FERC will not approve: (1) full recovery of the costs of providing utility service, or (2) full recovery of amounts invested in the utility business and a reasonable return on that investment.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the uncertainty of future decisions by the PUCT and the FERC, recovery in future rates of regulatory assets and refunds or future reductions in rates related to regulatory liabilities included the following, among others:

•We evaluated the Company’s disclosures related to the impacts of rate regulation, including the balances recorded and regulatory developments.

•We read relevant regulatory orders issued by the PUCT and the FERC for the Company to assess the likelihood of recovery in future rates or of a future reduction in rates based on precedents of the PUCT’s and the FERC’s treatment of similar costs under similar circumstances. We evaluated external information and compared to management’s recorded regulatory asset and liability balances for completeness.

•For regulatory matters in process, we inspected the Company’s filings with the PUCT and the FERC and orders issued, and considered the filings with the PUCT and the FERC by intervenors that may impact the Company’s future rates, for any evidence that might contradict management’s assertions.

Entergy Texas Build-to-Suit Lease Arrangement for the Legend Power Station—Entergy Texas, Inc. and Subsidiaries — Refer to Note 8 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

In December 2025, the Company entered into a build-to-suit lease arrangement for the Legend Power Station (the “Facility”) as the lessee with a consortium of investors (“the Investors”). Under the terms of the arrangement, the Investors purchased the in-process Facility from the Company at cost of $359 million and will spend up to $1.45 billion (including the initial purchase price) to construct the Facility as designed by the Company. The Company is engaged to serve as the construction agent for the Facility. The Investors, however, control the Facility during

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construction. If the Company defaults in its role as construction agent, the Investors have various options available to remedy the default, including by accelerating the lease balance payable by the Company, causing a sale of the Facility to a third party, or certain other options. If there are certain changes to the terms of the PUCT approval of the Facility or certain other circumstances outside of the Company’s control, then either the Investors or the Company could exercise the right to terminate the arrangement, in which case the Company would be required to purchase the in-process Facility from the Investors at an amount equal to their costs incurred to date, including carrying costs. Since the Company does not control the in-process Facility, it will not recognize the Facility (i.e., construction work in progress) or an associated liability during construction.

Upon the Facility’s readiness for first synchronization to the grid, expected in early 2028, a triple-net lease will commence under which the Company will have control of the Facility and receive all output from the plant.

We identified management’s conclusion that the Company does not control the Facility being constructed before the commencement of the lease (i.e., during the construction period) and thus is not the deemed accounting owner of the Facility during the construction period as a critical audit matter due to the judgments made by management to support its conclusion.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the build-to-suit lease arrangement for the Facility included the following, among others:

•We tested the effectiveness of management’s controls over the evaluation of the accounting impact of this build-to-suit lease arrangement, including the conclusion that the Company does not control the Facility being constructed before the commencement of the lease.

•We evaluated the Company’s disclosures related to the impacts of the build-to-suit lease arrangement.

•We read relevant transaction documents between the Company and the Investors as well as regulatory orders issued by the PUCT for the Company and evaluated the external information to compare to management’s conclusions.

•We obtained an analysis from management to assess management’s assertion that the Company does not control the Facility being constructed before the commencement date of the lease.

•With the assistance of professionals in our firm having expertise and experience in addressing the accounting for build-to-suit lease arrangements, we evaluated the Company’s analysis, including the conclusion that the Company does not control the Facility being constructed before the commencement date of the lease.

•We obtained representation from management regarding the conclusion that the Company does not control the Facility being constructed before the commencement date of the lease.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

New Orleans, Louisiana

February 19, 2026

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2001.

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SYSTEM ENERGY RESOURCES, INC.

MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

System Energy’s principal asset consists of an ownership interest and a leasehold interest in Grand Gulf. System Energy’s operating revenues are derived from the allocation of the capacity, energy, and related costs associated with its 90% interest in Grand Gulf pursuant to the Unit Power Sales Agreement. Payments under the Unit Power Sales Agreement are System Energy’s only source of operating revenues. As discussed in “Complaints Against System Energy” in Note 2 to the financial statements, System Energy and the Unit Power Sales Agreement have been the subject of several litigation proceedings at the FERC. Settlements that resolve all significant aspects of these complaints have been reached with the MPSC, the APSC, the City Council, and the LPSC, and these settlements have been approved by the FERC.

Results of Operations

2025 Compared to 2024

Net Income

Net income decreased $15.4 million primarily due to a lower rate of return on rate base, including the effects of the lower authorized rate of return on equity and capital structure limitations reflected in monthly bills issued to Entergy Louisiana effective with the September 2024 service month per the settlement agreement with the LPSC and the lower authorized rate of return on equity and capital structure limitations reflected in monthly bills issued to Entergy New Orleans effective with the June 2024 service month per the settlement agreement with the City Council.

Income Taxes

The effective income tax rates were 18.2% for 2025 and 22.2% for 2024. See Note 3 to the financial statements for a reconciliation of the federal statutory rate of 21% to the effective income tax rates and for additional discussion regarding income taxes.

2024 Compared to 2023

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Results of Operations” in Item 7 of System Energy’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2025, for discussion of results of operations for 2024 compared to 2023.

Income Tax Legislation and Regulation

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System Energy Resources, Inc.

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flow

Cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were as follows:

2025 Compared to 2024

Operating Activities

Net cash flow provided by operating activities increased $220.2 million in 2025 primarily due to:

•the receipt of $133.8 million related to the transfer of the 2024 nuclear production tax credits to third parties in 2025. See Note 3 to the financial statements for discussion of the nuclear production tax credits;

•the refund of $98.1 million made in 2024 to Entergy New Orleans as a result of the settlement with the City Council. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the settlement with the City Council;

•the refund of $92.7 million made in 2024 to Entergy Arkansas as a result of the settlement with the APSC. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the settlement with the APSC;

•the refund of $80.2 million made in 2024 to Entergy Louisiana as a result of the settlement with the LPSC. See Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of the settlement with the LPSC; and

•a decrease of $16.8 million in spending on nuclear refueling outage costs in 2025 as compared to 2024.

The increase was partially offset by $174.4 million in payments to Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans in 2025 related to the net proceeds from the transfers of the 2024 nuclear production tax credits in accordance with the Unit Power Sales Agreement. See Note 3 to the financial statements for discussion of the nuclear production tax credits.

Investing Activities

Net cash flow used in investing activities decreased by $126.7 million in 2025 primarily due to a decrease in cash used of $99.1 million as a result of fluctuations in nuclear fuel activity due to variations from year to year in the timing and pricing of fuel reload requirements, materials and services deliveries, and the timing of cash payments during the nuclear fuel cycle and a decrease of $32.7 million in nuclear construction expenditures primarily due to higher spending in 2024 on Grand Gulf outage projects and upgrades.

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System Energy Resources, Inc.

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Financing Activities

System Energy’s financing activities used $89.4 million of cash in 2025 compared to providing $315.3 million of cash in 2024 primarily due to the following activity:

•the issuance of $300 million of 5.30% Series mortgage bonds in December 2024;

•the repayment, prior to maturity, of $200 million of 2.14% Series mortgage bonds in June 2025;

•a capital contribution of $150 million received from Entergy Corporation in January 2024 in order to maintain System Energy’s capital structure;

•net repayments of $36.3 million in 2025 compared to net long-term borrowings of $51.2 million in 2024 on the nuclear fuel company variable interest entity’s credit facility;

•money pool activity;

•a decrease of $70 million in common stock dividends and distributions paid in 2025 in order to maintain System Energy’s capital structure; and

•the issuance of $240 million of 5.30% Series mortgage bonds in May 2025.

Increases in System Energy’s payable to the money pool are a source of cash flow, and System Energy’s payable to the money pool increased $16.3 million in 2025 compared to decreasing by $12.2 million in 2024. The money pool is an intercompany cash management program that makes possible intercompany borrowing and lending arrangements, and the money pool and other borrowing arrangements are designed to reduce the Registrant Subsidiaries’ dependence on external short-term borrowings.

2024 Compared to 2023

See “MANAGEMENT’S FINANCIAL DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Cash Flow” in Item 7 of System Energy’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 18, 2025, for discussion of operating, investing, and financing cash flow activities for 2024 compared to 2023.

Capital Structure

System Energy’s debt to capital ratio is shown in the following table.

Net debt consists of debt less cash and cash equivalents. Debt consists of short-term borrowings and long-term debt, including the currently maturing portion. Capital consists of debt and common equity. Net capital consists of capital less cash and cash equivalents. System Energy uses the debt to capital ratio in analyzing its financial condition and believes it provides useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating System Energy’s financial condition. System Energy uses the net debt to net capital ratio in analyzing its financial condition and believes it provides useful information to its investors and creditors in evaluating System Energy’s financial condition because net debt indicates System Energy’s outstanding debt position that could not be readily satisfied by cash and cash equivalents on hand.

System Energy seeks to optimize its capital structure in accordance with its regulatory requirements and to control its cost of capital while also maintaining equity capitalization at a level consistent with investment-grade

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debt ratings. To the extent that operating cash flows are in excess of planned investments, cash may be used to reduce outstanding debt or may be paid as a dividend or a capital distribution, to the extent funds are legally available to do so, or a combination of the three, in appropriate amounts to maintain the capital structure. To the extent that operating cash flows are insufficient to support planned investments and other uses of cash such as the payment of expenses in the ordinary course, System Energy may issue incremental debt or reduce dividends, or both, to maintain its capital structure. In addition, System Energy may receive equity contributions to maintain its capital structure for certain circumstances that would materially alter the capital structure if financed entirely with debt and reduced dividends.

Uses of Capital

System Energy requires capital resources for:

•construction and other capital investments;

•debt maturities or retirements;

•working capital purposes, including the financing of fuel costs and tax payments; and

•dividend, distribution, and interest payments.

Following are the amounts of System Energy’s planned construction and other capital investments.

In addition to routine spending to maintain operations, the planned capital investment estimate includes amounts associated with Grand Gulf investments and initiatives.

Recent announcements of changes to international trade policy and tariffs and further similar changes may impact System Energy’s business, operations, results of operations, and liquidity and capital resources. Potential impacts may include increases in costs associated with System Energy’s capital investments or operation and maintenance expenses; operational impacts, such as supply chain, manufacturing, cost and availability of qualified, skilled labor, or raw materials sourcing disruptions which may affect System Energy’s ability to make planned capital investments as and when expected and needed; legal uncertainties, such as potential legal or other challenges to presidential tariff authority; or broader economic risks, including changes to domestic monetary policy, shifting customer demand, impacts on customer investment decisions, and volatile or uncertain credit and capital markets, which may affect System Energy’s ability to access needed capital.

System Energy has incurred incremental cost increases due to certain tariff-exposed inputs, including select equipment, components, or underlying raw materials. As of the date of this Form 10-K, such increases have not had a material effect on its current and planned capital projects. System Energy is not able to predict any further effects of such tariffs or the effects of potential changes in regulation and law, changes to governmental programs, such as

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Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

loans, grants, guarantees, and other subsidies, and trade-related governmental actions, such as tariffs and other measures, on its current and planned capital projects.

(a)Long-term debt is discussed in Note 5 to the financial statements.

Other Obligations

System Energy currently expects to contribute approximately $13.2 million to its qualified pension plans and approximately $49 thousand to its other postretirement plans in 2026, although the 2026 required pension contributions will be known with more certainty when the January 1, 2026, valuations are completed, which is expected by April 1, 2026. See “Critical Accounting Estimates – Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits” below and Note 11 to the financial statements for a discussion of qualified pension and other postretirement benefits funding.

System Energy has $140.9 million of unrecognized tax benefits and interest net of unused tax attributes and payments for which the timing of payments beyond 12 months cannot be reasonably estimated due to uncertainties in the timing of effective settlement of tax positions. See Note 3 to the financial statements for additional information regarding unrecognized tax benefits.

In addition, System Energy enters into nuclear fuel purchase agreements that contain minimum purchase obligations. As discussed in Note 8 to the financial statements, System Energy recovers these costs through charges under the Unit Power Sales Agreement.

As a wholly-owned subsidiary, System Energy dividends its earnings to Entergy Corporation at a percentage determined monthly.

Sources of Capital

System Energy’s sources to meet its capital requirements include:

•internally generated funds;

•cash on hand;

•the Entergy system money pool;

•debt issuances, including debt issuances to refund or retire currently outstanding or maturing indebtedness;

•equity contributions; and

•bank financing under new or existing facilities.

Circumstances such fuel and purchased power price fluctuations and unanticipated expenses, including unscheduled plant outages, could affect the timing and level of internally generated funds in the future. In addition to the financings necessary to meet capital requirements and contractual obligations, System Energy expects to continue, when economically feasible, to retire higher-cost debt and replace it with lower-cost debt if market conditions permit.

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System Energy Resources, Inc.

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

All debt issuances by System Energy require prior regulatory approval. System Energy has sufficient capacity under these tests to meet its foreseeable capital needs for the next twelve months and beyond.

See Note 4 to the financial statements for a description of the money pool.

The System Energy nuclear fuel company variable interest entity has a credit facility in the amount of $120 million scheduled to expire in June 2027. As of December 31, 2025, $36.4 million in loans were outstanding under the System Energy nuclear fuel company variable interest entity credit facility. See Note 4 to the financial statements for additional discussion of the variable interest entity credit facility.

System Energy obtained authorizations from the FERC through January 2027 for the following:

•short-term borrowings not to exceed an aggregate amount of $200 million at any time outstanding;

•long-term borrowings and security issuances; and

•borrowings by its nuclear fuel company variable interest entity.

See Note 4 to the financial statements for further discussion of System Energy’s short-term borrowing limits.

Federal Regulation

Complaints Against System Energy

System Energy’s operating revenues are derived from the allocation of the capacity, energy, and related costs associated with its 90% ownership/leasehold interest in Grand Gulf. Settlements that resolve all significant aspects of these complaints have been reached with the MPSC, the APSC, the City Council, and the LPSC, and these settlements have been approved by the FERC. See “Complaints Against System Energy” in Note 2 to the financial statements for discussion of these complaint proceedings and settlements.

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System Energy Resources, Inc.

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Unit Power Sales Agreement

System Energy Formula Rate Annual Protocols Formal Challenges Concerning 2020-2022 Calendar Year Bills

System Energy’s Unit Power Sales Agreement includes formula rate protocols that provide for the disclosure of cost inputs, an opportunity for informal discovery procedures, and a challenge process. See “Complaints Against System Energy” in Note 2 to the financial statements for further discussion of the System Energy settlements with the MPSC, the APSC, the City Council, and the LPSC.

Depreciation Amendment Proceeding

Pension Costs Amendment Proceeding

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Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Nuclear Matters

System Energy owns and, through an affiliate, operates the Grand Gulf nuclear generating plant and is, therefore, subject to the risks related to such ownership and operation. In the event of an unanticipated early shutdown of Grand Gulf, System Energy may be required to provide additional funds or credit support to satisfy regulatory requirements for decommissioning. Grand Gulf’s operating license expires in 2044.

Environmental Risks

System Energy’s facilities and operations are subject to regulation by various governmental authorities having jurisdiction over air quality, water quality, control of toxic substances and hazardous and solid wastes, and other environmental matters. Management believes that System Energy is in substantial compliance with environmental regulations currently applicable to its facilities and operations, with reference to possible exceptions noted in “Regulation of Entergy’s Business - Environmental Regulation” in Part I, Item 1. Because environmental regulations are subject to change, future compliance costs cannot be precisely estimated.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of System Energy’s financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to apply appropriate accounting policies and to make estimates and judgments that can have a significant effect on reported financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Management has identified the following accounting estimates as critical because they are based on assumptions and measurements that involve a high degree of uncertainty, and the potential for future changes in these assumptions and measurements could produce estimates that would have a material effect on the presentation of System Energy’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

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System Energy Resources, Inc.

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Nuclear Decommissioning Costs

Utility Regulatory Accounting

Taxation and Uncertain Tax Positions

Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

System Energy’s qualified pension and other postretirement reported costs, as described in Note 11 to the financial statements, are affected by numerous factors including the provisions of the plans, changing employee demographics, and various actuarial calculations, assumptions, and accounting mechanisms. See “Qualified Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits” in the “Critical Accounting Estimates” section of Entergy Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis for further discussion. Because of the complexity of these calculations, the long-term nature of these obligations, and the importance of the assumptions utilized, Entergy’s estimate of these costs is a critical accounting estimate.

Cost Sensitivity

The following chart reflects the sensitivity of qualified pension cost and qualified projected benefit obligation to changes in certain actuarial assumptions (dollars in thousands).

The following chart reflects the sensitivity of postretirement benefits cost and accumulated postretirement benefit obligation to changes in certain actuarial assumptions (dollars in thousands).

Each fluctuation above assumes that the other components of the calculation are held constant.

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System Energy Resources, Inc.

Management’s Financial Discussion and Analysis

Costs and Employer Contributions

Total qualified pension cost for System Energy in 2025 was $5.9 million, including $512 thousand in settlement costs. System Energy contributed $15.7 million to its qualified pension plans in 2025 and estimates 2026 pension contributions will be approximately $13.2 million, although the 2026 required pension contributions will be known with more certainty when the January 1, 2026 valuations are completed, which is expected by April 1, 2026.

Total postretirement health care and life insurance benefit income for System Energy in 2025 was $855 thousand. System Energy expects 2026 postretirement health care and life insurance benefit income to approximate $257 thousand.

Other Contingencies

New Accounting Pronouncements

See the “New Accounting Pronouncements” section of Note 1 to the financial statements for a discussion of new accounting pronouncements.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholder and Board of Directors of

System Energy Resources, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of System Energy Resources, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related statements of income, cash flows, and changes in common equity (pages 467 through 472 and applicable items in pages 53 through 246), for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that is material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Rate and Regulatory Matters — System Energy Resources, Inc. — Refer to Note 2 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company is subject to wholesale rate regulation by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”). Management has determined it meets the requirements under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America to prepare its financial statements applying the specialized rules to account for the effects of cost-based rate regulation.

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The Company’s rates are subject to regulatory rate-setting processes and annual earnings oversight. The Company assesses whether the regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities continue to meet the criteria for probable future recovery or settlement at each balance sheet date and when regulatory events occur. This assessment includes consideration of recent rate orders, historical regulatory treatment for similar costs, and factors such as changes in applicable regulatory and political environments. While the Company has indicated it expects to recover costs from customers through regulated rates, there is a risk that the FERC will not approve: (1) full recovery of the costs of providing utility service, or (2) full recovery of amounts invested in the utility business and a reasonable return on that investment.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the uncertainty of future decisions by the FERC, recovery in future rates of regulatory assets and refunds or future reductions in rates related to regulatory liabilities included the following, among others:

•We evaluated the Company’s disclosures related to the impacts of rate regulation, including the balances recorded and regulatory developments.

•We read relevant regulatory orders issued by the FERC for the Company to assess the likelihood of recovery in future rates or of a future reduction in rates based on precedents of the FERC’s treatment of similar costs under similar circumstances. We evaluated external information and compared to management’s recorded regulatory asset and liability balances for completeness.

•For regulatory matters in process, we inspected the Company’s and intervenors’ filings with the FERC and FERC orders issued for any evidence that might contradict management’s assertions.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

New Orleans, Louisiana

February 19, 2026

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2001.

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