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Item 1A. Risk Factors”. Therefore, such statements are not intended to be a guarantee of our performance in future periods.
Our cybersecurity risk management program is integrated into our overall enterprise risk management program and shares common methodologies, reporting channels, and governance processes that apply across the enterprise risk management program to other legal, compliance, strategic, operational, and financial risk areas. Our Chief Information Officer (“CIO”) is a member of our management team and has primary responsibility for assessing and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats. The CIO also has primary responsibility for leading our overall cybersecurity risk management program and supervises both the PECO cybersecurity team and our retained external cybersecurity consultants. The CIO has primary responsibility for leading our overall cybersecurity risk management program and supervises both the PECO cybersecurity team and our retained external cybersecurity consultants. The management team, led by the CIO and cybersecurity team, stay informed about cybersecurity risk including prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which may include briefings from internal security personnel; threat intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public, or private sources, including external consultants engaged by us; and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in the PECO environment. The CIO has over 20 years of experience in network engineering and administration, information technology operations, and infrastructure, and works closely with members of PECO's cybersecurity team, who have years of experience working in cybersecurity, with several members possessing industry certifications such as Certified Information Systems Security Professional (“CISSP”) and Security+, and having pursued advanced degrees and studies in the field. Cybersecurity team members participate in recurring cybersecurity team meetings with the CIO and provide periodic executive leadership updates. The Audit Committee oversees our cybersecurity program and is periodically briefed by management, including the CIO, on cybersecurity risks and initiatives. In addition, management updates the Board, through the Audit Committee , as necessary regarding any significant cybersecurity incidents.
We have not identified risks from known cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected us, including our operations, business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. We face certain ongoing risks from cybersecurity threats that, if realized, are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our financial results and business operations. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors – Risks Related to Business Continuity and Cybersecurity”. Risk Factors – Risks Related to Business Continuity”.
Except as required by law, we do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
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w PART I | ||
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
All references to “Notes” throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K refer to the footnotes to the consolidated financial statements in “Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”.
OVERVIEW—Phillips Edison & Company, Inc. (“we,” the “Company,” “PECO,” “our,” or “us”), a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) founded 35 years ago, is one of the nation’s largest owners and operators of omni-channel grocery-anchored shopping centers. (“we,” the “Company,” “PECO,” “our,” or “us”), a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) founded in 1991, is one of the nation’s largest owners and operators of omni-channel grocery-anchored shopping centers. Additionally, we operate a third-party investment management business providing property management and advisory services to three unconsolidated institutional joint ventures, in which we have partial ownership interests, and one private fund (collectively, the “Managed Funds”). Additionally, we operate a third-party investment management business providing property management and advisory services to four unconsolidated institutional joint ventures, in which we have partial ownership interests, and one private fund (collectively, the “Managed Funds”). The majority of our revenues are lease revenues derived from our real estate investments. Our portfolio primarily consists of neighborhood centers anchored by the #1 or #2 grocer tenants by sales within their respective formats by trade area. As of December 31, 2025, our portfolio was 97.3% leased. Our tenants, who we refer to as “Neighbors,” are a mix of national, regional, and local retailers that primarily provide necessity-based goods and services. We believe our locations are in fundamentally strong demographic markets throughout the United States. Our brick and mortar assets positively contribute to our Neighbors’ omni-channel strategies and act as the last mile delivery solution.
We were formed as a Maryland corporation in October 2009 and have elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Substantially all of our business is conducted through Phillips Edison Grocery Center Operating Partnership I, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership”), a Delaware limited partnership formed in December 2009. We are a limited partner of the Operating Partnership, and our wholly-owned subsidiary, Phillips Edison Grocery Center OP GP I LLC, is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership.
As of December 31, 2025, we wholly-owned 297 shopping centers. Additionally, we owned (i) a 14% interest in Grocery Retail Partners I LLC (“GRP I”), a joint venture with The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company (“Northwestern Mutual”), which owned 20 shopping centers, (ii) a 20% equity interest in Necessity Retail Venture LLC (“NRV”), a joint venture with an affiliate of Cohen & Steers Income Opportunities REIT, Inc. (“Cohen & Steers”), which owned four shopping centers, and (iii) a 31.25% interest in Neighborhood Grocery Catalyst Fund LLC (“NGCF”), a joint venture with certain investors, including LS BDC Holdings, LLC, a subsidiary of Lafayette Square USA, Inc., and Northwestern Mutual, which owned three shopping centers. In total, our managed portfolio of wholly-owned shopping centers and those owned through our unconsolidated joint ventures comprised approximately 36.7 million square feet located in 31 states.
BUSINESS OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES—Our primary business objective is to own, operate, and manage well-occupied grocery-anchored shopping centers in order to deliver long-term growth and value creation to all stakeholders while acting as a responsible corporate citizen. Additionally, we are seeking growth opportunities to complement our core grocery-anchored portfolio with incremental initiatives, such as everyday retail, often referred to as unanchored centers, to enhance our portfolio returns. Everyday retail centers are located in the same trade areas as our grocery-anchored centers, growing suburban markets with strong median household incomes. We seek to achieve our growth objectives by generating cash flows, income growth, and capital appreciation for our stockholders through our differentiated and focused strategy, responsible balance sheet management, and integrated operating platform. We seek to achieve this objective by generating cash flows, income growth, and capital appreciation for our stockholders through our differentiated and focused strategy, responsible balance sheet management, and integrated operating platform. We remain focused on creating great grocery-anchored shopping experiences and improving our communities, one center at a time. Our goal is to create great grocery-anchored shopping experiences and improve our communities, one center at a time. Our goal is to merchandise our shopping centers with the most effective array of goods and services for local consumers and to offer a safe and welcoming shopping experience that contributes to, and enhances, the vitality of each neighborhood.
Differentiated and Focused Strategy—We believe quality drives growth. Our high-quality portfolio is based on our differentiated strategy which focuses on SOAR - Spreads, Occupancy, Advantages of the Market, and Retention.
•Spreads—Our strong new and renewal leasing spreads highlight the demand for our properties by Neighbors who provide necessity-based goods and services that serve the essential needs of our communities. As of December 31, 2025, approximately 70% of our ABR, including the pro rata portion attributable to properties owned through our unconsolidated joint ventures, was generated from Neighbors providing necessity-based goods and services.•Neighbor-Base—As of December 31, 2024, approximately 69% of our ABR, including the pro rata portion attributable to properties owned through our unconsolidated joint ventures, is generated from Neighbors providing necessity-based goods and services. We believe our focus on necessity-based goods and services retailers limits our exposure to distressed retailers and allows us to demonstrate resiliency during times of real estate and economic down cycles. The demand for these goods and services and the level of sales productivity that they afford our Neighbors contributes to our strong rent spreads and embedded rent escalators. For the year ended December 31, 2025, comparable rent spreads, which compare the percentage increase of new or renewal leases to the expiring lease of a unit that was occupied within the past twelve months, were 30.9% for new leases, 20.7% for renewal leases, and 23.3% combined.
•Occupancy—Our high occupancy levels are driven by our focused and differentiated strategy of owning right-sized grocery-anchored neighborhood shopping centers. We seek to invest in small format right-sized centers averaging 112,000 square feet where leasing activity is concentrated in smaller tenant spaces and limits exposure to high-risk retailers. We believe that smaller centers provide higher growth potential because they enjoy a positive leasing dynamic as: (i) we believe retailer demand is strongest for inline space, which contains less than 10,000 square feet of gross leasable area (“GLA”); (ii) there is less exposure to big box retailers, which we believe have higher risk because they require larger capital expenditures and have fewer leasing opportunities; and (iii) smaller centers typically have lower capital expenditures.
•Advantages of the Market—We continue to see many advantages to the suburban markets where we operate our shopping centers. We focus on owning centers in markets with strong household incomes and growing populations where both leading grocers and small shop Neighbors are successful. We also focus on investing in shopping centers anchored by the #1 or #2 grocer by sales within their respective trade area. Grocery-anchored shopping centers generally have strong foot traffic leading to high demand for leasing Neighbor spaces, which enhances our ability to increase lease revenue. As of December 31, 2025, for our wholly-owned shopping centers, 95.0% of our annualized
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base rent (“ABR”) was generated from shopping centers anchored by such grocers and 83.3% of our ABR was generated from shopping centers anchored by the #1 or #2 grocer by sales within their respective trade area.
•Retention—High retention rates result in better economics with less downtime and lower tenant improvement costs. We retain a healthy and varied mix of national, regional, and local Neighbors who run successful businesses and support our ability to grow rents at attractive rates.
Balance Sheet Management Positioned for External Growth—Our strategy is to grow our portfolio by pursuing acquisitions in a disciplined manner, while maintaining an attractive leverage profile and flexible balance sheet to preserve our investment grade rating. We believe this is a critical part of maintaining access to multiple forms of capital, including common stock, unsecured debt, bank debt, and mortgage debt, to maximize availability and minimize our overall cost of capital.
•Funding External Growth—We have identified a target market of approximately 5,800 grocery-anchored shopping centers and 50,000 everyday retail centers across the United States and believe we have a long runway for external growth.
◦Our ability to generate over $100 million in operating cash flows annually after maintenance capital expenditures and distributions provides us additional flexibility to fund our external initiatives while maintaining our attractive leverage profile.
◦We believe our investment grade balance sheet, our senior unsecured revolving credit facility, and our At-the-Market offering (“ATM”) program allow us to access debt and equity capital, further enhancing our financial flexibility and providing us with the financial capacity to pursue external growth initiatives in an accretive and prudently capitalized manner.
◦We continually evaluate our portfolio of assets for portfolio recycling opportunities to make strategic dispositions of assets that no longer meet our growth and investment objectives or assets that have stabilized in order to capture their value and reinvest proceeds into properties that have future growth potential, are located in attractive demographic markets, and support our business objectives.
◦Our investment management platform enables us to source and manage incremental sources of capital through unconsolidated joint ventures, which provide us incremental fee revenue opportunities.
•Debt Maturity Profile—We believe we have maintained an appropriately staggered debt maturity profile which will position us for long-term growth. Our outstanding debt obligations are composed primarily of (i) unsecured debt, including term loans, senior notes, and a revolving credit facility, and (ii) secured mortgage debt.
•Investment Grade Ratings—Our current investment grade ratings are Baa2 (Outlook: Stable) with Moody’s Investors Services and BBB (Outlook: Stable) with S&P Global Ratings.
•Liquidity—As of December 31, 2025, we had $925.1 million of total liquidity, comprised of $43.3 million of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, plus $881.8 million of borrowing capacity available on our $1 billion revolving credit facility.
Internal Growth Through Our Integrated Operating Platform—We believe our internally-staffed, vertically-integrated operating platform to lease and manage omni-channel grocery-anchored neighborhood shopping centers will continue to employ insight-driven strategies to provide stability and generate growth in our existing portfolio, optimizing returns for our stockholders. Our team is composed of highly experienced, Locally Smart™, and driven professionals whose deep local knowledge delivers a competitive advantage and strong results.
•Leasing—Our national footprint of experienced and Locally Smart™ leasing professionals is dedicated to increasing net operating income (“NOI”) at our centers by: (i) maximizing rental rates while improving the credit profile of our rental revenue; (ii) building an optimal portfolio of high-quality national, regional, and local retailers while improving the merchandising mix; (iii) capitalizing on below-market rent opportunities by increasing rents as leases expire; (iv) executing leases with contractual rent increases; and (v) increasing occupancy.
•Property Management Services—We believe we add value by remaining focused on each individual shopping center and its community and by overseeing all aspects of operations at our centers. Our Locally Smart™ property managers effectively manage costs while maintaining a pleasant, clean, and safe environment where retailers can be successful and customers can enjoy a great shopping experience. Further, we provide our Neighbors with responsive customer service and marketing tools, as well as other sophisticated solutions, such as a centralized accounting, billing, and tax review platform to facilitate our daily operations.
•Development and Redevelopment—Our team of seasoned professionals is focused on selective development initiatives while maintaining our core strategy of acquiring and operating grocery-anchored shopping centers. Our strategies include ground-up outparcel development, repositioning projects, grocery tear-down and redevelopment, and the acquisition of land to support future growth opportunities. These projects create opportunities to increase the value of our properties, create long-term growth, and drive accretive returns, which we believe will allow us to deliver long-term growth and value creation to all stakeholders while creating great grocery-anchored shopping center experiences. These projects create opportunities to increase the overall yield and value of our properties, which we believe will allow us to deliver long-term growth and value creation to all stakeholders while creating great grocery-anchored shopping center experiences.
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COMPETITION—Our business is inherently competitive. We believe that the competition is highly fragmented. We are subject to considerable competition in both seeking shopping centers to acquire and attracting and retaining Neighbors in our existing shopping centers. We compete with institutional investors and other REITs, as well as local, regional, and national owner-operators for property acquisitions. We compete with other properties including malls, lifestyle centers, power centers, community centers, neighborhood centers, free-standing retail, and main street retail in attracting new Neighbors and retaining existing Neighbors when their leases expire. The competition for Neighbors varies depending on the characteristics of each property.
We believe that the principal competitive factors in attracting and retaining Neighbors are the quality of the grocery anchor, location, trade area demographics, tenant mix, physical condition of the shopping center, and occupancy cost. These factors combine to determine the level of occupancy and rental rates that we are able to achieve at our properties. We believe that the quality of our omni-channel grocery-anchored shopping centers enables us to compete effectively for Neighbors. We believe that we maintain a competitive position in the acquisition market due to our track record and positive reputation.
SEGMENT DATA—Our principal business is the ownership and operation of community and neighborhood shopping centers. We do not distinguish our principal business, or group our operations, by geography or size for the purpose of measuring performance. Accordingly, we have presented our results as a single operating and reportable segment.
COMPLIANCE WITH GOVERNMENT REGULATION—Compliance with various governmental regulations has an impact on our business, including our capital expenditures, earnings, and competitive position. The impact of these governmental regulations can be material to our business. We incur costs to monitor and take action to comply with governmental regulations that are applicable to our business, which include, among others: federal securities laws and regulations; REIT and other tax laws and regulations; environmental and health and safety laws and regulations; local zoning, usage, and other regulations relating to real property; and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended (“ADA”). See “Item 1A. Risk Factors” below for a discussion of material risks to us (including those, to the extent material to our competitive position, relating to governmental regulations) and see “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this filing on Form 10-K, together with our consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes, for a discussion of material information relevant to an assessment of our financial condition and results of operations (including, to the extent material, the effects that compliance with governmental regulations may have upon our capital expenditures and earnings).
As of December 31, 2025, we were not aware of any environmental conditions or material costs of complying with environmental or other government regulations that would have a material adverse effect on our overall business. However, it is possible that we are not aware of, or may become subject to, potential environmental liabilities or material costs of complying with government regulations due to changes in requirements or otherwise that could be material to our business.
CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY AND HUMAN CAPITAL—Our Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability (“CRS”) Program is designed to align with our business objective of driving long-term growth and value creation for all stakeholders by generating cash flow, income growth, managing risk, and capital appreciation. To achieve this alignment, our CRS Program is based on four pillars - our People & Culture, Environmental Management, Centers & Economic Impact, and Oversight & Ethics - with each pillar focused on its interdependent strategies as described below.
People & Culture—As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately 320 associates located in 23 states, with the majority located in our corporate headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio. At PECO, our associates and the culture we foster are vital to how we operate. Our unique culture - which we refer to as our “PECO Cultural Advantage”™ - is carefully curated through the following approach: cultivating an ownership mindset where teamwork and innovative thinking are highly valued; promoting transparency and open communication throughout our Company; caring about the health and well-being of our associates; investing in the growth and development of our associates; fostering a supportive and inclusive environment; and recognizing the hard work of our associates.
Environmental Management—Our environmental management strategy focuses on maximizing resource efficiencies and mitigating the impact of environmental risks and related issues through the following key initiatives: Scope 1 and Scope 2 Greenhouse Gas (“GHG”) emissions reduction; resource efficiency; water conservation; waste management; building certifications; renewable energy; data management; and climate risk assessment.
Centers & Economic Impact—Our centers are integral to the local communities they serve by supporting local entrepreneurs and small business owners; connecting residents to essential and necessity-based goods, services, and amenities; enhancing the communities through development and redevelopment projects; and creating economic impact for the local townships and municipalities through jobs and taxes. As of December 31, 2025, approximately 70% of our ABR was generated from Neighbors providing necessity-based goods and services to the local communities.
Oversight & Ethics—We believe that strong governance practices promote long-term value creation for our stakeholders by fostering a culture of integrity and ethical conduct for our associates; building and maintaining a relationship of trust and respect with our Neighbors, investors, vendors, and the communities that we serve; guiding decision-making through sound and ethical business practices; safeguarding the interests of our stockholders and other stakeholders through comprehensive internal control frameworks with independent oversight and review; assessing enterprise risk management and mitigation strategies for material risks on a regular basis; providing transparency in our reporting and stakeholder disclosures; and prioritizing regular engagement with our stakeholders.
More information about our CRS strategies and performance is available on our website at www.phillipsedison.com, including in our 2024 Corporate Responsibility Report. The content of our website and other information contained therein, including our Corporate Responsibility Report, are not incorporated by reference herein or in any other filing by the Company with the SEC, and should not be considered part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS—The following table details information for our executive officers as of December 31, 2025:
CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS—Our corporate headquarters, located at 11501 Northlake Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45249, is where we conduct a majority of our management, leasing, construction, and investment activities, as well as administrative functions such as accounting and finance. Additionally, we maintain two regional offices located in Atlanta, Georgia and Park City, Utah.
ACCESS TO COMPANY INFORMATION—We electronically file our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, Proxy and Information statements, and all amendments to those reports with the SEC. The SEC maintains an internet site at www.sec.gov that contains the reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including ours that are filed electronically.
We make available, free of charge, the Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports on our website, www.phillipsedison.com. These reports are available as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Also available on our website are (i) our Corporate Governance Guidelines, (ii) our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, and (iii) our Whistleblower Policy. In the event of any changes to these documents, revised copies will be made available on our website. We intend to disclose on our website under “Investors - Governance - Governance Overview” any amendment to, or waiver of, any provisions of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to the directors and/or officers of the Company that would otherwise be required to be disclosed under the rules of the SEC or Nasdaq. We also disclose, and intend to disclose, on our website under “Investors” material nonpublic information to comply with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. The contents of our website are not incorporated by reference.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
You should specifically consider the following material risks in addition to the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The occurrence of any of the following risks might have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.
Risks Related to Our Business and Operations
Our financial performance depends on the stability and success of our Neighbors, and the loss, failure, departure or bankruptcy of significant Neighbors – including major anchor stores – or a high volume of smaller Neighbors, could adversely affect our revenues, occupancy, and results of operations.
Our anchor Neighbors (generally those occupying 10,000 square feet or more) pay a significant portion of the total rent at a property and draw customer traffic to other stores. If a major anchor Neighbor ceases or downsizes operations – whether due to bankruptcy, insolvency, business downturn, lease default, or a decision not to renew its lease – we would lose a primary income source and traffic driver. This could also trigger co-tenancy provisions in other Neighbors’ leases allowing them to pay reduced rent or terminate their leases, further eroding our rental income. If an anchor “goes dark” (stops operating but continues to pay rent), the lack of an active anchor can significantly diminish shopper traffic, impairing sales for other Neighbors. Re-leasing a vacated anchor space can be challenging and costly because anchor spaces may require substantial capital investments or reconfiguration (for example, subdividing into smaller units) to attract new Neighbors, and prolonged downtime is likely during this repositioning. In some cases, an anchor’s lease may allow it to assign or transfer the space to a new retailer not originally anticipated, which could change the center’s draw and potentially reduce foot traffic, or give other Neighbors the right to renegotiate or exit their leases.
A significant portion of our revenue comes from non-anchor Neighbors, some of which may have more limited financial resources than anchor Neighbors and could be vulnerable in an adverse economic climate.A significant percentage of our revenues is derived from non-anchor Neighbors, some of which may be more vulnerable to negative economic conditions as they typically have more limited resources than anchor Neighbors. If a large number of these smaller Neighbors experience financial distress, default on their leases, or choose to close their businesses, our occupancy levels and rental income would decline. We may need to offer rent concessions, reduced rental rates, or fund additional tenant improvements and inducements to attract or retain replacement Neighbors, which would increase our costs and reduce cash flows. Competitive pressures – including from other shopping centers or e-commerce alternatives – can make it difficult to backfill vacant space on favorable terms, leading to extended vacancies or the acceptance of lower-paying or less creditworthy Neighbors. High vacancy or a suboptimal tenant mix at a given property can also diminish the property’s overall resale value.
In addition, certain lease provisions can restrict our re-leasing flexibility. Some Neighbors have exclusive-use rights preventing us from leasing other space in the center to competitors or to users of certain product categories. These clauses can limit the pool of replacement tenants for a vacant unit (especially if the departed tenant had such protection or if existing Neighbors hold exclusive rights that constrain new leases), potentially resulting in longer vacancy periods or the need to accept a less optimal tenant at a lower rent. Similarly, co-tenancy clauses may reduce what remaining Neighbors are obligated to pay (or allow them to terminate their leases) until we satisfy certain conditions (such as securing a replacement anchor or achieving a specified occupancy threshold), prolonging the financial impact of an anchor loss.
Furthermore, if Neighbors file for bankruptcy, they may exercise their legal right to reject leases, resulting in termination of rental obligations and leaving us with vacant space and unrecoverable past due rent. Our claims for unpaid rent in a tenant’s bankruptcy are typically general unsecured claims, for which recovery, if any, is usually limited and obtained only after lengthy proceedings. A bankruptcy by a major Neighbor (or multiple Neighbors) with locations across several of our centers could abruptly eliminate significant rental streams, and we may incur legal and re-leasing expenses while trying to mitigate the loss. Even in cases of a single-store bankruptcy, we may face delays and costs re-leasing that space, and any gap in occupancy reduces property revenue.
If our Neighbors – whether large anchors or smaller shop tenants – fail to perform, downsize, or depart our centers in significant numbers, our rental income and occupancy rates would decline, we could incur substantial costs to attract new tenants or adapt our properties, and the value of our shopping centers could be negatively affected. While we devote considerable effort and resources to analyze and respond to Neighbor trends, Neighbor and consumer preferences, and consumer spending patterns, we cannot predict with certainty what future Neighbors will want, what future retail spaces will look like, or how much revenue will be generated at traditional brick and mortar locations. Any such developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations, including our ability to service debt and make distributions to stockholders. Significant Neighbor distress across our portfolio could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows, and our ability to service our debt and make distributions to our stockholders.
We may be unable to sell shopping centers when desired, at an attractive price, or at all, and the sale of a property could cause significant tax payments.
Our shopping centers, including related tangible and intangible assets, represent the majority of our total consolidated assets, and they may not be readily convertible to cash. As a result, our ability to sell one or more of our shopping centers, including shopping centers held in unconsolidated joint ventures, in response to changes in economic, industry, or other conditions, may be limited. The real estate market is affected by many factors that are beyond our control, including, but not limited to general economic conditions, availability and terms of financing, interest rates, supply and demand for space, and other factors. There may be less demand for lower quality shopping centers that we have identified for ultimate disposition in markets with uncertain economic or retail environments, and where buyers are more reliant on the availability of third-party mortgage financing. If we want to sell a property, we can provide no assurance that we will be able to dispose of it in the desired time period or at all, or that the sale price of a property will be attractive at the relevant time or even exceed the carrying value of our investment. Moreover, if a property is mortgaged, we may not be able to obtain a release of the lien on that property without the payment of a substantial prepayment penalty, which may restrict our ability to dispose of the property, even though the sale might otherwise be desirable.
Some of our shopping centers have a low tax basis, which may result in a taxable gain on sale. We intend to utilize tax-deferred exchanges under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “IRC”) to mitigate taxable income (“Section 1031 Exchanges”); however, there can be no assurance that we will identify replacement shopping centers that meet our investment objectives for acquisitions. In the event that we do not utilize Section 1031 Exchanges, we may be required to distribute the gain proceeds to stockholders or pay income tax, which may reduce our cash flows available to fund our commitments and distributions to stockholders. Moreover, it is possible that future legislation could be enacted that could
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modify or repeal the laws with respect to Section 1031 Exchanges, which could make it more difficult or impossible for us to dispose of shopping centers on a tax-deferred basis.
We face competition and other risks in pursuing acquisition opportunities that could increase the cost of such acquisitions and/or limit our ability to grow, and we may not be able to generate expected returns or successfully integrate completed acquisitions into our existing operations.
We continue to evaluate the market for acquisition opportunities, and we may acquire shopping centers when we believe strategic opportunities exist. Our ability to acquire shopping centers on favorable terms and successfully integrate, operate, reposition, or redevelop them is subject to several risks. We may be unable to acquire a desired property because of competition from other real estate investors, including from other well-capitalized REITs and institutional investment funds. Even if we are able to acquire a desired property, competition from such investors may significantly increase the purchase price. We may also abandon acquisition activities after expending resources to pursue such opportunities. Once we acquire new shopping centers, these shopping centers may not yield expected returns for several reasons, including: (i) failure to achieve expected occupancy and/or rent levels within the projected time frame, if at all; (ii) inability to successfully integrate new shopping centers into existing operations; and (iii) exposure to fluctuations in the general economy, including due to the time lag between signing definitive documentation to acquire a new property and the closing of the acquisition. If any of these events occur, the cost of the acquisition may exceed initial estimates or the expected returns may not achieve those originally contemplated, which could adversely affect our financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations.
We share ownership of our unconsolidated joint ventures and do not have exclusive decision-making power, and as such, we are unable to ensure that our objectives will be pursued.
We have invested capital, and may invest additional capital, in unconsolidated joint ventures (instead of directly acquiring wholly-owned assets), for which we do not have exclusive decision-making power over the development, financing, leasing, management, and other aspects of these investments. As a result, the institutional joint venture partners might have interests or goals that are inconsistent with ours, take action contrary to our interests, or otherwise impede our objectives. Conflicts arising between us and our partners may be difficult to manage and/or resolve and it could be difficult to manage or otherwise monitor the existing business arrangements.
In addition, unconsolidated joint venture arrangements may decrease our ability to manage risk and implicate additional risks, such as: (i) potentially inferior financial capacity, diverging business goals and strategies and the need for our venture partners’ continued cooperation; (ii) the joint venture partners might become bankrupt, suffer a deterioration in their creditworthiness, or fail to fund their share of required capital contributions; (iii) our inability to take actions with respect to the unconsolidated joint ventures’ activities that we believe are favorable to us if our institutional joint venture partners do not agree; (iv) our inability to control the legal entities that have title to the real estate associated with the joint ventures; (v) our institutional joint venture partners can take actions that we may not be able to anticipate or prevent, which could result in negative impacts on our investment in the joint venture; and (vi) our institutional joint venture partners’ business decisions or other actions or omissions may result in harm to our reputation or adversely affect the value of our investments.
Our real estate assets may decline in value and be subject to significant impairment losses, which may reduce our net income.
Our real estate properties are carried at cost less depreciation unless circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. We routinely evaluate whether there are any impairment indicators, including property operating performance, property occupancy trends, and actual marketing or listing price of properties being targeted for disposition, such that the value of the real estate properties (including any related tangible or intangible assets or liabilities) may not be recoverable. If, through our evaluation, we determine that a given asset exhibits one or more such indicators, we then compare the current carrying value of the asset to the estimated undiscounted cash flows that are directly associated with the use and ultimate disposition of the asset. Our estimated cash flows are based on several key assumptions, including rental rates, costs of Neighbor improvements, leasing commissions, anticipated holding periods, and assumptions regarding the residual value upon disposition, including the estimated exit capitalization rate. These key assumptions are subjective in nature and may differ materially from actual results. Changes in our disposition strategy or changes in the marketplace may alter the holding period of an asset or asset group, which may result in an impairment loss and such loss may be material to our financial condition or operating performance. Changes in our disposition strategy or changes in the marketplace may alter the holding period of an asset or asset group, which may result in an impairment loss and such loss may be material to PHILLIPS EDISON & COMPANYDECEMBER 31, 2024 FORM 10-K9our financial condition or operating performance. To the extent that the carrying value of the asset exceeds the estimated undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the excess of carrying value over fair value.
The fair value of real estate assets is subjective and is determined through the use of comparable sales information and other market data if available. These subjective assessments have a direct effect on our net income because recording an impairment charge results in an immediate negative adjustment to net income, which may be material. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we incurred no impairment charges. We will continue to evaluate the risk profile of each asset and may potentially recognize impairments in future quarters. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will not record impairment charges in the future related to our assets.
Our development and redevelopment projects involve inherent risks and may not achieve their underwritten returns, which could adversely affect our financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations.•We actively reinvest in our portfolio in the form of development and redevelopment projects, which have inherent risks that could adversely affect our financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations.
We actively pursue opportunities to develop outparcels and redevelop existing properties; however, these activities require various government and other approvals, and any delay or failure in obtaining necessary entitlements can significantly postpone or even prevent a project, jeopardizing our ability to recover our investment. Development and redevelopment projects are subject to numerous risks, including (i) difficulties in leasing new or renovated spaces on the expected timeline or at projected rental rates (resulting in occupancy levels or rents that may be insufficient to make the project profitable); (ii) cost overruns and construction delays that cause actual project costs to exceed original estimates and reduce expected returns; (iii) the potential abandonment of projects mid-stream due to adverse market conditions, which would result in the loss of our invested capital; and (iv) strain on our personnel and capital resources from managing a large pipeline of projects, which could impair our ability to complete developments on schedule and on budget, further pressuring investment returns. Moreover, fluctuations in the level of our development activity can impact our results of operations by limiting the amount of
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internal overhead costs we are able to capitalize. External economic factors — such as inflationary cost pressures, rising interest rates, increases in the cost of construction materials due to tariffs or trade disputes, supply chain disruptions, and labor shortages — can exacerbate many of these challenges by driving costs higher or causing additional delays. As a result of these factors, the actual incremental unlevered yields (i.e., the return on our investment at project stabilization, excluding financing effects) for development and redevelopment projects may fall short of our underwritten incremental unlevered yield targets, which are based solely on our estimates, using data available to us in our development and redevelopment underwriting processes. The total cost to complete a project might ultimately be substantially higher than initially budgeted, and the incremental net operating income realized at stabilization can be lower than anticipated, due to a number of factors, including slower lease-up, lower-than-expected rental rates or occupancy, inability to collect anticipated rents, or Neighbors (tenants) vacating or defaulting (for example, through bankruptcy). If we fail to successfully reinvest in our portfolio through development and redevelopment or if our projects encounter significant delays, cost overruns, or fail to achieve the anticipated financial performance, our business, financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Adverse economic, regulatory, market, and real estate conditions may adversely affect our financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations.
Our portfolio is predominantly comprised of omni-channel neighborhood grocery-anchored shopping centers, and during the year ended December 31, 2025, our holdings in Florida and California accounted for 12.3% and 10.5%, respectively, of our ABR (including our wholly-owned portfolio as well as the prorated portion of shopping centers owned through our joint ventures).Our portfolio is predominantly comprised of omni-channel neighborhood grocery-anchored shopping centers, and during the year ended December 31, 2024, our holdings in Florida, California, and Texas accounted for 12.2%, 10.6%, and 10.1%, respectively, of our ABR (including our wholly-owned portfolio as well as the prorated portion of shopping centers owned through our joint ventures). Therefore, our performance is subject to risks associated with owning and operating neighborhood omni-channel grocery-anchored shopping centers, and may be further subject to additional risk as a result of the geographic concentration noted above. Such risks include, but are not limited to: (i) changes in national, regional, and local economic climates or demographics; (ii) competition from other available shopping centers and e-commerce, and the attractiveness of our shopping centers to our Neighbors; (iii) increased competition for real estate assets targeted by our investment strategies; (iv) adverse local conditions, such as oversupply or reduction in demand for similar shopping centers in an area and changes in real estate zoning laws that may reduce the desirability of real estate in an area; (v) vacancies, changes in market rental rates, and the need to periodically repair, renovate, and re-lease space; (vi) ongoing disruption and/or consolidation in the retail sector; (vii) increases in operating costs, due to inflation or otherwise, including common area expenses, utilities, insurance, and real estate taxes, which are relatively inflexible and generally do not decrease if revenue or occupancy decreases; (viii) increases in the costs to repair, renovate, and re-lease space; (ix) changes in interest rates and the availability of financing, which may render the sale or refinance of a property or loan difficult or unattractive; (x) earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes, droughts, wildfires, or other weather and climate-related events and natural disasters, civil unrest, terrorist acts, or acts of war, which may result in uninsured or underinsured losses; (xi) epidemics, pandemics, or other widespread outbreaks or resulting public fear that disrupt the businesses of our Neighbors causing them to fail to pay rent on time or at all; and (xii) changes in laws and governmental regulations, including those governing usage, zoning, the environment, and taxes. Such risks also include, but are not limited to, those that could impact the financial stability of our Neighbors, including their ability to pay rent and expense reimbursements, such as supply chain disruptions and constraints, inflationary pressures throughout the supply chain, including those due to tariffs, labor shortages, inflationary pressures on wages, increases in retail theft, changes in consumer demand due to macroeconomic conditions or otherwise, and other risks and uncertainties described elsewhere in this "Risk Factors" section. Such risks also include, but are not limited to, those that could impact the financial stability of our Neighbors, including their ability to pay rent and expense reimbursements, such as supply chain disruptions and constraints, inflationary pressures throughout the supply chain, labor shortages and inflationary pressures on wages, increases in retail theft, and other risks and uncertainties described elsewhere in this "Risk Factors" section. These and other factors could adversely affect our financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations.
The continued shift in retail sales towards e-commerce may adversely affect our financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations.
Retailers continue to be affected by e-commerce and changes in customer buying habits, including the delivery or curbside pick-up of items ordered online. Retailers are considering these e-commerce trends when making decisions regarding their brick and mortar stores and how they will compete and innovate in a rapidly changing e-commerce environment. Many retailers in our shopping centers provide services or sell goods that are unable to be performed online (such as haircuts, massages, and fitness centers) or that have historically been less likely to be purchased online (such as grocery stores, restaurants, and coffee shops); however, the continuing increase in e-commerce sales (including online orders for immediate delivery or pickup in store) may cause retailers to adjust the size or number of retail locations in the future or close stores. Our grocer Neighbors are incorporating e-commerce concepts through home delivery or curbside pickup, which could reduce foot traffic at our centers and adversely affect our occupancy and rental rates. Changes in shopping trends as a result of the growth in e-commerce may also affect the profitability of retailers that do not adapt to changes in market conditions. While we devote considerable effort and resources to analyze and respond to Neighbor trends, Neighbor and consumer preferences, and consumer spending patterns, we cannot predict with certainty what future Neighbors will want, what future retail spaces will look like, or how much revenue will be generated at traditional brick and mortar locations. If we are unable to anticipate and respond promptly to trends in the market (such as space for a drive through or curbside pickup), our occupancy levels and rental rates may decline, and our financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations may be adversely impacted.
Pandemics, epidemics, or other health crises may have a negative effect on our and our Neighbors’ businesses, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and liquidity.
Our business, and the businesses of our Neighbors, could be materially and adversely affected by the risks, or the public perception of the risks, related to a pandemic, epidemic, or other health crisis, especially if there is a negative impact to customers’ willingness or ability to frequent our Neighbors’ businesses.
As was experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, such crises could cause significant disruptions to the United States and global economy and contribute to significant volatility and negative pressure in financial markets. Government responses, including quarantines, restrictions on travel, mandatory closures of businesses, or other restrictions, as well as changes in consumer behavior, could negatively impact our tenants and their ability to operate their businesses, which could impact our ability to collect on current or past due rent payments or fully recover amounts due under the terms of a lease agreement in the event of a default by a Neighbor.
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The unpredictable nature of pandemics, epidemics, and other health crises precludes any prediction as to one’s ultimate adverse impact. A worsening of the economic, political, and social environment as a result presents material risks and uncertainties with respect to our and our Neighbors’ business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, liquidity, and ability to satisfy debt service obligations.
Increased scrutiny on Environmental, Social and Governance factors may impose additional costs and expose us to new risks.Increased scrutiny on metrics and reporting related to Environmental, Social and Governance factors may impose additional costs and expose us to new risks.
There is continued scrutiny from investors, policymakers, and other stakeholders on how companies address climate change, human capital, and a variety of other corporate responsibility factors. Although we engage in certain voluntary initiatives, including disclosures, to improve our corporate responsibility profile or respond to stakeholder expectations, such initiatives entail costs and may not have the desired effect. For example, methodologies, standards, and data regarding corporate responsibility matters continue to evolve, and our approach to such matters may not align with the expectations or preferences of any particular stakeholder. Stakeholder expectations are not uniform, and may, at times, conflict. Additionally, the regulatory environment may create conflicting pressures. While policymakers in some jurisdictions have adopted or are looking at adopting requirements on corporate responsibility matters, policymakers in other jurisdictions advocate for laws to constrain consideration of corporate responsibility matters in certain circumstances. Additional actions may be taken by both proponents and opponents of corporate responsibility matters. For example, there have been increased instances of greenwashing or other litigation against companies for alleged failures in disclosure, methodology, or performance. Failure to successfully navigate competing policymaker and stakeholder expectations on corporate responsibility, including in association with any ratings or disclosures, or unfavorable comparisons in these areas to other companies, could result in reputational harm, loss of tenants or capital availability, investor engagement on our corporate responsibility initiatives and disclosures, increased costs, or other adverse impacts to our business. Additionally, certain of our stakeholders are subject to similar risks, which may augment or create additional risks relating to such matters, including in ways that we may not be aware of or may be difficult to predict.
We use artificial intelligence technologies in our business, and the use of these technologies involve technological and legal risk.
We currently use artificial intelligence (“AI”) and automated decision-making technologies (collectively, “AI Technologies”), including generative AI Technologies (i.e., AI Technologies that can produce and output new content, software code, data and information), in certain internal business practices and are making additional investments in this area., AI Technologies that can produce and output new content, software code, data and information) in certain internal business practices. We expect that increased investment will be required in the future to continuously improve our use of AI Technologies. As with many technological innovations, there can be no assurance that the usage of or our investments in such technologies will always be beneficial to our business, including our efficiency or profitability. Technological advances in AI are rapidly evolving, and along with this rapid evolution comes risks and challenges that could negatively impact our business. AI Technologies may create incomplete, inaccurate, or misleading outputs or other discriminatory or unexpected results or behaviors, such as hallucinatory behavior that can generate irrelevant, nonsensical, or factually incorrect results. While we take measures designed to ensure the accuracy of such AI-generated content, those measures may not always be successful. Accordingly, reliance on these models could lead us to make impaired decisions that could result in adverse consequences to us, including legal liability, reputational and competitive harm, and Neighbor loss. Additionally, sensitive or otherwise confidential information could be leaked, disclosed, or revealed in connection with the use of AI Technologies by our employees, vendors, contractors, and where an AI model processes personal information and makes connections with that data, it may disclose sensitive, proprietary, or confidential information generated by the model. Furthermore, bad actors may utilize AI Technologies to obtain sensitive or confidential information of our business.
Uncertainty in the regulatory environment relating to AI Technologies may hinder our ability to use such technologies in our business or require us to change our business practices, which could decrease any benefits from using AI Technologies and negatively impact our business. Additionally, we may need to expend additional resources to modify and maintain our use of AI Technologies to comply with applicable law, and failure to do so may lead to regulatory fines or penalties.
We use AI Technologies licensed from third parties in certain internal business practices and our ability to continue to use such technologies at the scale we need may be dependent on access to specific third-party software and infrastructure. We cannot control the availability or pricing of such third-party AI Technologies, especially in a highly competitive environment, and we may be unable to negotiate favorable economic terms with the applicable providers.
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness and Liquidity
We have substantial indebtedness, and we may need to incur additional indebtedness, including recourse debt, in the future, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
We have obtained, and may continue to obtain, lines of credit, and other long-term financing that are secured by our shopping centers and other assets. On December 31, 2025, we had indebtedness of $2.4 billion comprised of $2.0 billion in unsecured debt, $0.4 billion in outstanding secured loan facilities, and $30.4 million in mortgage loans and finance lease obligations. In connection with executing our business strategies, we expect to evaluate additional acquisitions and strategic investments, and we may elect to finance these endeavors by incurring additional indebtedness. We may also incur mortgage debt on shopping centers that we already own in order to obtain funds to acquire additional shopping centers or make other capital investments. In addition, we may borrow as necessary or advisable to ensure that we maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, including borrowings to satisfy the REIT requirement that we distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to our stockholders (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction and excluding net capital gain). However, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to obtain any such borrowings on satisfactory terms. Additionally, if we have insufficient income to service any recourse debt obligations, our lenders could institute proceedings against us to foreclose upon our assets.
If we mortgage a property and there is a shortfall between the cash flows from that property and the cash flows needed to service mortgage debt on that property, then the amount of cash available for distributions to stockholders may be reduced.
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In addition, incurring mortgage debt increases the risk of loss of a property because defaults on indebtedness secured by a property may result in lenders initiating foreclosure actions. If any mortgages contain cross-collateralization or cross-default provisions, a default on a single property could affect multiple shopping centers. Additionally, we may give full or partial guarantees to lenders of mortgage debt on behalf of the entities that own our shopping centers. When we give a guaranty on behalf of an entity that owns one of our shopping centers, we will be responsible to the lender for satisfaction of the debt if it is not paid by such entity. Currently, we are a limited guarantor on mortgage loans for certain of our unconsolidated joint ventures. Our guarantee is limited to being the non-recourse carveout guarantor and the environmental indemnitor.
High debt levels could have material adverse consequences for the Company, including hindering our ability to adjust to changing market, industry, or economic conditions; limiting our ability to access the capital markets to refinance maturing debt or to fund acquisitions or emerging businesses; requiring the use of a substantial portion of our cash flows for the payment of principal and interest on our debt, thereby limiting the amount of free cash flow available for future operations, acquisitions, distributions, stock repurchases, or other uses; making us more vulnerable to economic or industry downturns, including elevated or increased interest rates; and placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to less leveraged competitors.
We may not be able to access financing on favorable terms, or at all.
We may finance our assets over the long-term through a variety of means, including unsecured bonds, credit facilities, secured pools, issuance of commercial mortgage-backed securities, and other structured financings. Our ability to execute this strategy will depend on various market conditions that are beyond our control, including lack of capital availability and greater credit spreads. We cannot be certain that these markets will remain an efficient source of long-term financing for our assets. If our strategy is not viable, we will have to find alternative forms of long-term financing for our assets. This could subject us to more recourse indebtedness and the risk that debt service on less efficient forms of financing would require a larger portion of our cash flows, thereby reducing cash available for distribution to our stockholders and funds available for operations as well as for future business opportunities.
Additionally, changes to our credit ratings could affect our ability to access debt capital, as well as the terms of certain existing and future debt financing we may obtain. As we depend, in part, on debt financing to fund the growth of our business and to execute our strategy, an adverse change in our credit rating, including changes in our credit outlook, or the initiation of a review of our credit rating that could result in an adverse change, could have a material adverse effect on us. As we depend, in part, on debt financing to fund the growth of our business and to execute our strategy, an adverse change in our credit rating, including changes in our credit outlook, or the initiation of a PHILLIPS EDISON & COMPANYDECEMBER 31, 2024 FORM 10-K12review of our credit rating that could result in an adverse change, could have a material adverse effect on us. Our creditworthiness is rated by nationally recognized credit rating agencies. The credit ratings assigned are based on our operating performance, liquidity and leverage ratios, financial condition and prospects, and other factors viewed by the credit rating agencies as relevant to our industry and the general economic outlook. Furthermore, our unsecured credit facilities are priced, in part, on our credit rating. A downgrade of our credit rating could lead to a higher credit spread component within the applicable interest rate for those debt agreements and result in higher interest expense.
Covenants in our loan agreements may restrict our operations and adversely affect our financial condition and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
When providing financing, a lender may impose restrictions on us that affect our distribution and operating policies and our ability to incur additional debt. Our loan agreements may contain covenants that limit our ability to further mortgage a property or discontinue insurance coverage. In addition, loan agreements may limit our ability to enter into or terminate certain operating or lease agreements related to a property. Mortgage debt and other property-level debt that we may incur may also limit our ability to transfer properties from one subsidiary to another. These or other limitations would decrease our operating flexibility and our ability to achieve our operating objectives, which may adversely affect our financial condition and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Covenants in certain of our loan agreements specify that certain named individuals must remain a member of management and/or our Board of Directors (the “Board”) or require certain level of management or Board continuity in connection with a fundamental transaction.Covenants in certain of our loan agreements specify that certain named individuals must remain a member of management and/or the Board or require certain level of management or Board continuity in connection with a fundamental transaction.
Certain of our loan agreements contain covenants that require certain named individuals, including Mr. Edison, to continue serving as a member of management and/or the Board or require certain levels of senior management and/or Board continuity following a change of control or other fundamental transaction. If such individuals were to depart from the Company within a specified time prior to such transaction or within such specified time after such a transaction, we may be required to negotiate waivers of such covenants or obtain replacement financing, which we may not be able to do on satisfactory terms or at all.
Higher market capitalization rates and lower NOI for our shopping centers may adversely impact our ability to sell shopping centers and fund developments and acquisitions, and may dilute earnings.
As part of our capital recycling strategy, we sell shopping centers that no longer meet our growth and investment objectives due to stabilization or perceived future risk. Sales proceeds are then used to fund the construction of developments, redevelopments, expansions, and acquisitions, and to repay debt. An increase in market capitalization rates or a decline in NOI may cause a reduction in the value of shopping centers identified for sale, which would have an adverse effect on the amount of cash generated. Additionally, the sale of shopping centers resulting in significant tax gains may require higher distributions to our stockholders in order to maintain our REIT status or payment of additional income taxes. We intend to utilize Section 1031 Exchanges to mitigate taxable income. However, there can be no assurance that we will identify exchange shopping centers that meet our investment objectives for acquisitions.
Increases in interest rates could increase the amount of our interest payments and adversely affect our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
Although a significant amount of our outstanding debt has fixed interest rates, we borrow funds at variable interest rates under our credit facilities and term loans. As of December 31, 2025, 15.7% of our outstanding debt was variable rate debt. Increases in interest rates would increase our interest expense on any variable rate debt to the extent we have not hedged our exposure to changes in interest rates. In addition, increases in interest rates will affect the terms under which we refinance our existing debt as it matures, to the extent we have not hedged our exposure to changes in interest rates,
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resulting in higher interest rates and increased interest expense. Either of these events would reduce our future earnings and cash flows, which may adversely affect our ability to service our debt and meet our other obligations and also may reduce the amount we are able to distribute to stockholders.
Hedging activity may expose us to risks, including the risks that a counterparty will not perform and that the hedge will not yield the economic benefits we anticipate, which may adversely affect our financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations.
From time to time, we manage our exposure to interest rate volatility by using interest rate hedging arrangements that involve risk, including but not limited to, the risk that counterparties may fail to honor their obligations under these arrangements, that these arrangements may not be effective in reducing our exposure to interest rate changes, and that we may be required to pay the counterparty if interest rates decrease in the future below the hedged amount. There can be no assurance that our hedging arrangements will qualify for hedge accounting or that our hedging activities will have the desired beneficial impact on our results of operations. Should we desire to terminate a hedging agreement, there may be significant costs and cash requirements involved to fulfill our obligations under the hedging agreement. Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may adversely affect our financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure and Organization
The Operating Partnership’s limited partnership agreement grants certain rights and protections to the limited partners, which allows them to vote in connection with a change of control transaction that might involve a premium price for shares of our common stock.
The Operating Partnership’s limited partnership agreement grants certain rights and protections to the limited partners, including granting them the right to vote in connection with a change of control transaction. Any such change of control transaction is required to be approved by holders of ownership units of the Operating Partnership (“OP units”) (including our Company and its subsidiaries) at the same level of approval as required for approval by holders of shares of our common stock. For purposes of any such vote, we will be deemed to vote the OP units held by us and our subsidiaries in proportion to the manner in which all of our outstanding shares of common stock were voted at a stockholders meeting relating to such transaction. As of December 31, 2025, we would have directly or indirectly controlled approximately 90.8% of the OP units. Furthermore, as of December 31, 2025, Mr. Edison had voting control over approximately 5.0% of the OP units (considering OP units owned by us), and therefore could have influence over votes on change of control transactions.
We and our consolidated subsidiary, the Operating Partnership, entered into tax protection agreements with certain protected partners, which may limit the Operating Partnership’s ability to sell or otherwise dispose of certain shopping centers and may require the Operating Partnership to maintain certain debt levels that otherwise would not be required to operate its business.
We and the Operating Partnership entered into a tax protection agreement on October 4, 2017 (the “2017 TPA”) with, among others, Mr. Edison, and certain entities controlled by him at the closing of a transaction in May 2017 pursuant to which we internalized our management structure through the acquisition of certain real estate assets and the third-party investment management business of Phillips Edison Limited Partnership (“PELP”) in exchange for OP units and cash. Pursuant to the 2017 TPA, if the Operating Partnership: (i) sells, exchanges, transfers, or otherwise disposes of certain shopping centers in a taxable transaction, or undertakes any taxable merger, combination, consolidation or similar transaction (including a transfer of all or substantially all assets), for a period of ten years commencing on October 4, 2017; or (ii) fails, prior to the expiration of such period, to maintain certain minimum levels of indebtedness that would be allocable to each protected partner for tax purposes or, under certain circumstances, fails to offer such protected partners the opportunity to guarantee certain types of the Operating Partnership’s indebtedness, then the Operating Partnership will indemnify each affected protected partner, including Mr. Edison, against certain resulting tax liabilities. Our tax indemnification obligations include a tax gross-up. As of December 31, 2025, 28 of our 297 wholly-owned shopping centers, four outparcels, and the land under which one of our properties is located, comprising approximately 9.8% of our ABR, are subject to the protection described in clause (i) above, and the potential “make-whole amount” on the estimated aggregate amount of built-in gain subject to such protection is approximately $114.3 million.
We and the Operating Partnership entered into an additional tax protection agreement (the “2021 TPA”) on July 19, 2021 with Mr. Edison, Devin I. Murphy, and Mr. Myers, which will become effective upon the expiration of the 2017 TPA. The 2021 TPA generally has the following terms: (i) the 2021 TPA will severally provide to Mr. Edison, Mr. Murphy, and Mr. Myers the same protection provided under the 2017 TPA until October 4, 2031, so long as (a) Mr. Myers the same protection provided under the 2017 TPA until 2031, so long as (a) Mr. Edison, Mr. Murphy, or Mr. Myers (or their permitted transferees), as applicable, individually owns at least 65% of the OP units owned by him as of the date of the execution of the 2021 TPA and (b) in the case of Mr. Murphy or Mr. Myers, Mr. Edison individually owns at least 65% of the OP units owned by him as of the date of the execution of the 2021 TPA; and (ii) the 2021 TPA will provide that following the expiration of the four-year tax protection period under the 2021 TPA, for so long as Mr. Edison holds at least $5.0 million in value of OP units, (a) Mr. Edison will have the opportunity to guarantee debt of the Operating Partnership or enter into a “deficit restoration” obligation, and (b) the Operating Partnership will provide reasonable notice to Mr. Edison before effecting a significant transaction reasonably likely to result in the recognition of more than one-third of the built-in gain allocated to Mr. Edison that is protected under the 2017 TPA as of the date that the 2021 TPA was executed, and will consider in good faith any proposal made by Mr. Edison relating to structuring such transaction in a manner to avoid or mitigate adverse tax consequences to him.
Therefore, although it may be in our stockholders’ best interest for us to cause the Operating Partnership to sell, exchange, transfer or otherwise dispose of one or more of these shopping centers, it may be economically prohibitive for us to do so until the expiration of the applicable protection period because of these indemnity obligations. Moreover, these obligations may require us to cause the Operating Partnership to maintain more or different indebtedness than we would otherwise require for our business. As a result, the tax protection agreements could, during their term, restrict our ability to take actions or make decisions that otherwise would be in our best interests.
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Our stockholders have limited control over changes in our policies and operations, which increases the uncertainty and risks our stockholders face.
Our Board determines our major policies, including our policies regarding financing, growth, debt capitalization, REIT qualification, and distributions. Our Board may amend or revise these and other policies without the vote of our stockholders. Under the Maryland General Corporation Law, as amended (“MGCL”) and our charter, our stockholders have a right to vote only on limited matters. Our Board’s broad discretion in setting policies and our stockholders’ inability to exert control over those policies increases the uncertainty and risks our stockholders face.
Our charter, bylaws, and Maryland law contain terms that may discourage a third party from acquiring us in a manner that could result in a premium price to our stockholders.
Our charter, bylaws, and Maryland law contain provisions that may delay, defer, or prevent a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or that our stockholders otherwise believe to be in their best interest. Our charter authorizes our Board to, without stockholder approval, amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of stock, to authorize us to issue additional shares of our common stock or preferred stock, and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and thereafter to authorize us to issue such classified or reclassified shares of stock. We believe these charter provisions will provide us with increased flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs that might arise. The additional classes or series, as well as the additional authorized shares of our common stock, will be available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless such action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded, and our Board could authorize the issuance of preferred stock with priority as to distributions and amounts payable upon liquidation over the rights of the holders of our common stock.
Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our Board to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. To help us comply with the REIT ownership requirements under the IRC, among other purposes, our charter prohibits any person from directly or constructively owning more than 9.8% in value of our aggregate outstanding stock or more than 9.8% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our aggregate outstanding common stock, unless exempted by our Board.
In addition, the MGCL permits our Board to implement certain takeover defenses without stockholder approval.
These and other provisions of our charter, bylaws, and Maryland law could have the effect of delaying, deferring, or preventing a change in control, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer, or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price to holders of our common stock.
Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to recover claims against our officers and directors are limited, which could reduce our stockholders’ and our recovery against them if they cause us to incur losses.
Maryland law provides that a director has no liability in that capacity if he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the corporation’s best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. Our charter, in the case of our directors and officers, requires us to indemnify our directors and officers to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. Additionally, our charter limits the liability of our directors and officers for monetary damages to the maximum extent permitted under Maryland law. As a result, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors, officers, associates, and agents than might otherwise exist under common law, which could reduce our stockholders’ and our recovery against them. In addition, we may be obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by our directors, officers, associates, and agents in some cases, which would decrease the cash otherwise available for distribution to stockholders.
Risks Related to Our REIT Status and Other Tax Risks
Failure to qualify as a REIT would cause us to be taxed as a regular C corporation, which would substantially reduce funds available for distributions to stockholders.
We elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2010. We believe that our organization and method of operation has enabled and will continue to enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, we cannot assure you that we will qualify as such. This is because qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex provisions of the IRC as to which there are only limited judicial and administrative interpretations and involves the determination of facts and circumstances not entirely within our control. Future legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations, or court decisions may significantly change the tax laws or the application of the tax laws with respect to qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes or the federal income tax consequences of such qualification.
If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, and are unable to obtain relief under certain statutory provisions, we will face serious tax consequences that will substantially reduce the funds available for distributions to our stockholders because:
•we would not be allowed a deduction for dividends paid to stockholders in computing our taxable income and would be subject to federal and state income tax at regular corporate rates; and
•we could not elect to be taxed as a REIT for four taxable years following the year during which we were disqualified.
As a result of all these factors, our failure to qualify as a REIT could impair our ability to expand our business and raise capital, and it could adversely affect the value of our common stock. If we fail to qualify as a REIT, we would no longer be required to make distributions to our stockholders.
Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may face other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flows.
Even if we qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may be subject to certain U.S. federal, state, and local taxes on our income and assets, including taxes on any undistributed income, tax on income from some activities conducted
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as a result of a foreclosure, and state or local income, property, and transfer taxes. Any of these taxes would decrease cash available for distributions to stockholders.
If the Operating Partnership fails to qualify as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would fail to qualify as a REIT and would suffer adverse consequences.
We believe that the Operating Partnership is organized and will be operated in a manner so as to be treated as a partnership, and not an association or publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a partnership, the Operating Partnership will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its income. Instead, each of its partners, including us, will be allocated that partner’s share of the Operating Partnership’s income. No assurance can be provided, however, that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) will not challenge the Operating Partnership’s status as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or that a court would not sustain such a challenge. If the IRS were successful in treating the Operating Partnership as an association or publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would fail to meet the gross income tests and certain of the asset tests applicable to REITs and, accordingly, would cease to qualify as a REIT. Also, the failure of the Operating Partnership to qualify as a partnership would cause it to become subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax, which would significantly reduce the amount of its cash available for debt service and for distribution to its partners, including us.
The Operating Partnership has a carryover tax basis on certain of its assets as a result of our acquisition of PELP, and our merger with Phillips Edison Grocery Center REIT II, Inc. (“REIT II”), and the amount that we have to distribute to stockholders therefore may be higher.
As a result of each of the acquisition of PELP and our merger with REIT II, certain of the Operating Partnership’s shopping centers have carryover tax bases that are lower than the fair market values of these shopping centers at the time of the acquisition. As a result of this lower aggregate tax basis, the Operating Partnership may recognize more taxable gain upon the sale of these assets, and the Operating Partnership will be entitled to lower depreciation deductions on these assets than if it had purchased these shopping centers in taxable transactions at the time of the acquisition. As a result of this lower aggregate tax basis, the Operating Partnership will recognize higher taxable gain upon the sale of these assets, and the Operating Partnership will be entitled to lower depreciation deductions on these assets than if it had purchased these shopping centers in taxable transactions at the time of the acquisition. Such lower depreciation deductions and increased gains on sales generally will increase the amount of our required distribution under the REIT rules, and will decrease the portion of any distribution that otherwise would have been treated as a “return of capital” distribution. Such lower depreciation deductions and increased gains on sales allocated to us generally will increase the amount of our required distribution under the REIT rules, and will decrease the portion of any distribution that otherwise would have been treated as a “return of capital” distribution.
Our property taxes could increase due to property tax rate changes or reassessment, which could impact our cash flow.
Even if we qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we are required to pay state and local property taxes on our shopping centers. The property taxes on our shopping centers may increase as property tax rates change or as our shopping centers are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. Therefore, the amount of property taxes we pay in the future may increase substantially from what we have paid in the past and such increases may not be covered by Neighbors pursuant to our lease agreements. If the property taxes we pay increase, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, per share trading price of our common stock, ability to satisfy our principal and interest obligations and to make distributions to our stockholders could be adversely affected. If the property taxes we pay increase, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, per share trading price of our common stock, and ability to satisfy our principal and interest obligations and to make distributions to our stockholders could be adversely affected.
Our use of taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”) entities may jeopardize our REIT qualification and expose us to significant tax liabilities.
We may utilize TRS entities to hold non-qualifying REIT assets and to conduct activities that generate non-qualifying REIT income. A TRS is a corporation other than a REIT in which a REIT directly or indirectly holds stock, and that has made a joint election with such REIT to be treated as a TRS. A TRS also includes any corporation other than a REIT with respect to which a TRS owns securities possessing more than 35% of the total voting power or value of the outstanding securities of such corporation. TRS entities are taxed as regular C corporations and may engage in activities our REIT cannot. Income earned by our TRS entities is not required to be distributed to us, and any dividends received from our TRS entities generally qualify under the 95%, but not the 75%, gross income test. We monitor TRS income and distributions to comply with REIT income limits, but we cannot guarantee compliance in all cases. A failure to meet these tests could result in loss of REIT status.
Additionally, no more than 20% of our total asset value (beginning on January 1, 2026 this statutory limitation was increased to 25%) may consist of TRS securities. This limitation may constrain the growth of our non-REIT businesses. We monitor TRS valuations to comply with this threshold, but market fluctuations or business expansion could cause inadvertent violations. Transactions between us and our TRS entities must be conducted on an arm’s-length basis, and while we attempt to structure our intercompany dealings on market terms, we could be subject to a 100% excise tax if the IRS successfully argues that our existing intercompany transactions are not structured on an arm's length basis. Non-compliance with an arm’s-length standard could result in substantial tax penalties or loss of REIT status, adversely affecting our financial condition and results.
REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plans, including because we may be required to borrow funds to make distributions to stockholders or otherwise depend on external sources of capital to fund such distributions.
We generally must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which is determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gain for this purpose) in order to continue to qualify as a REIT. To the extent that we satisfy the distribution requirement but distribute less than 100% of our taxable income, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net long-term capital gain. In that case, if we so elect, a stockholder would be taxed on its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term gain and would receive a credit or refund for its proportionate share of the tax we paid. A stockholder, including a tax-exempt or foreign stockholder, would have to file a U.S. federal income tax return to claim that credit or refund. Furthermore, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we distribute to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under federal tax laws.
We intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the IRC and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax. We may be required to make distributions to our stockholders at times when it would be
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more advantageous to reinvest cash in the business or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to operate solely on the basis of maximizing profits.
If we do not have other funds available, we could be required to borrow funds on unfavorable terms, sell investments at disadvantageous prices, distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions or capital expenditures or used for the repayment of debt, pay dividends in the form of "taxable stock dividends,” or find another alternative source of funds to make distributions sufficient to enable us to distribute enough of our taxable income to satisfy the REIT distribution requirement and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax in a particular year. These alternatives could increase our costs or reduce our equity.
Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forgo otherwise attractive opportunities or liquidate otherwise attractive investments.
To continue to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts we distribute to stockholders, and the ownership of our stock. As discussed above, we may be required to make distributions to shareholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. Additionally, we may be unable to pursue investments that would be otherwise attractive to us in order to satisfy the requirements for qualifying as a REIT.
We must also ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, U.S. government securities, and qualified real estate assets, including certain mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than U.S. government securities and qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets can consist of the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities and qualified real estate assets) and no more than 20% of the value of our gross assets may be represented by securities of one or more TRS entities. Finally, no more than 25% of our assets may consist of debt investments that are issued by “publicly offered REITs” and would not otherwise be treated as qualifying real estate assets. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct such failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter to avoid losing our REIT status and being subject to adverse tax consequences, unless certain relief provisions apply. As a result, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to operate solely on the basis of profit maximization and may require us to liquidate investments from our portfolio, or refrain from making otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to stockholders.
The prohibited transactions tax may limit our ability to engage in transactions, including disposition of assets, which would be treated as sales for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
A REIT’s net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of dealer property, other than foreclosure property. We may be subject to the prohibited transaction tax upon a disposition of real property. Although a safe-harbor exception to prohibited transaction treatment is available, we cannot assure you that we can comply with such safe harbor or that we will avoid owning property that may be characterized as held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our trade or business. Consequently, we may choose not to engage in certain sales of real property or may conduct such sales through a TRS.
It may be possible to reduce the impact of the prohibited transaction tax by conducting certain activities through a TRS. However, to the extent that we engage in such activities through a TRS, the income associated with such activities will be subject to a corporate income tax. In addition, the IRS may attempt to ignore or otherwise recast such activities in order to impose a prohibited transaction tax on us, and there can be no assurance that such recast will not be successful.
We may recognize substantial amounts of REIT taxable income, which we would be required to distribute to our stockholders, in a year in which we are not profitable under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) or other economic measures.
We may recognize substantial amounts of REIT taxable income in years in which we are not profitable under GAAP or other economic measures as a result of the differences between GAAP and tax accounting methods. For instance, certain of our assets will be marked-to-market for GAAP purposes but not for tax purposes, which could result in losses for GAAP purposes that are not recognized in computing our REIT taxable income. Additionally, we may deduct our capital losses only to the extent of our capital gains in computing our REIT taxable income for a given taxable year. Consequently, we could recognize substantial amounts of REIT taxable income and would be required to distribute such income to shareholders in a year in which we are not profitable under GAAP or other economic measures.
Our qualification as a REIT could be jeopardized as a result of an interest in joint ventures or investment funds.
We may hold certain limited partner or non-managing member interests in partnerships or limited liability companies that are joint ventures or investment funds. If a partnership or limited liability company in which we own an interest takes or expects to take actions that could jeopardize our qualification as a REIT or require us to pay tax, we may be forced to dispose of our interest in such entity. In addition, it is possible that a partnership or limited liability company could take an action which could cause us to fail a REIT gross income or asset test, and that we would not become aware of such action in time to dispose of our interest in the partnership or limited liability company or take other corrective action on a timely basis. In that case, we could fail to continue to qualify as a REIT unless we are able to qualify for a statutory REIT “savings” provision, which may require us to pay a significant penalty tax to maintain our REIT qualification.
Distributions paid by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates that apply to other corporate distributions.
The maximum tax rate for “qualified dividends” paid by corporations to non-corporate stockholders generally is 20%. Distributions paid by REITs to non-corporate stockholders generally are taxed at rates lower than ordinary income rates, but those rates are higher than the 20% tax rate on qualified dividend income paid by corporations. Although this does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends payable by REITs, to the extent that the preferential rates continue to
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apply to regular corporate qualified dividends, the more favorable rates for corporate dividends may cause non-corporate investors to perceive that an investment in a REIT is less attractive than an investment in a non-REIT entity that pays dividends, thereby reducing the demand and market price of shares of our common stock.
Legislative or regulatory tax changes could adversely affect us or our stockholders.
At any time, the U.S. federal income tax laws or regulations governing REITs or the administrative interpretations of those laws or regulations may be amended. We cannot predict when or if any new U.S. federal income tax law, regulation or administrative interpretation, or any amendment to any existing U.S. federal income tax law, regulation or administrative interpretation, will be adopted, promulgated, or become effective and any such law, regulation, or interpretation may take effect retroactively. Any such change could result in an increase in our, or our stockholders’, tax liability or require changes in the manner in which we operate in order to minimize increases in our tax liability. A shortfall in tax revenues for states and municipalities in which we operate may lead to an increase in the frequency and size of such changes. If such changes occur, we may be required to pay additional taxes on our assets or income or be subject to additional restrictions. These increased tax costs could, among other things, adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, and the amount of cash available for the payment of dividends. We and our stockholders could be adversely affected by any such change in, or any new, U.S. federal income tax law, regulation, or administrative interpretation.
If our assets are deemed to be plan assets, we may be exposed to liabilities under Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) and the IRC.
In some circumstances where an ERISA plan holds an interest in an entity, the assets of the entity are deemed to be ERISA plan assets unless an exception applies. This is known as the “look-through rule.” Under those circumstances, the obligations and other responsibilities of plan sponsors, plan fiduciaries and plan administrators, and of parties in interest and disqualified persons, under Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the IRC, may be applicable, and there may be liability under these and other provisions of ERISA and the IRC. We believe that our assets should not be treated as plan assets because the shares of our common stock should qualify as “publicly-offered securities” that are exempt from the look-through rules under applicable Treasury Regulations. We note, however, that because certain limitations are imposed upon the transferability of shares of our common stock so that we may qualify as a REIT, and perhaps for other reasons, it is possible that this exemption may not apply. If that is the case, and if we are exposed to liability under ERISA or the IRC, our performance and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Risks Related to Business Continuity and Cybersecurity
Uninsured losses relating to real property or excessively expensive premiums for insurance coverage could adversely affect our cash flows and stockholder returns.
We maintain insurance coverage with third-party carriers who provide a portion of the coverage of potential losses, including commercial general liability, fire, flood, extended coverage, and rental loss insurance on all of our shopping centers. We currently self-insure a portion of our commercial insurance deductible risk through our captive insurance company. To the extent that our captive insurance company is unable to bear that risk, we may be required to fund additional capital to our captive insurance company or we may be required to bear that loss. As a result, our operating results may be adversely affected.
There are some types of losses, generally catastrophic in nature, such as losses due to wars, acts of terrorism, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, pollution, or environmental matters, that are uninsurable or not economically insurable, or may be insured subject to limitations, such as large deductibles or sublimits. Terrorist activities or violence occurring at our properties also may directly affect their value through damage, destruction, or loss. Insurance for such acts may be unavailable or cost more, which could result in an increase to our operating expenses and adversely affect our results of operations. To the extent that our Neighbors are affected by such attacks or threats of attacks, their businesses may be adversely affected, including their ability to continue to meet obligations under their existing leases. If any of our shopping centers incur a casualty or other loss that is not fully or adequately insured, the value of our assets will be reduced by any such uninsured loss, which may reduce the value of our stockholders’ investment. In addition, other than any working capital reserve or other reserves we may establish, we have no source of funding to repair or reconstruct any uninsured property. Also, to the extent we must pay unexpectedly large amounts for insurance, such payments could adversely impact our cash flows and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Climate change may adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations.
Climate change, including the impact of global warming, creates physical and transition risks. Physical risks from climate change include an increase in sea level and changes in weather conditions, such as an increase in storm intensity and severity of weather (e.g. floods, droughts, wildfires, tornadoes, or hurricanes) and changes in temperatures, water, and other weather patterns. The occurrence of sea level rise or one or more natural disasters, such as floods, droughts, tornados, hurricanes, tropical storms, wildfires, and earthquakes (whether or not caused by climate change), could cause considerable damage to our shopping centers, disrupt our operations, and negatively affect our financial performance. To the extent any of these events results in significant damage to or closure of one or more of our shopping centers, our operations and financial performance could be adversely affected through lost Neighbors and an inability to lease or re‑lease the space. In addition, these events could result in significant expenses to restore or remediate a property, increases in fuel or other energy costs or a fuel shortage, and increases in the costs of (or making unavailable) insurance on favorable terms if they result in significant loss of property or other insurable damage. In addition, transition risks associated with new or more stringent laws or regulations or stricter interpretations of existing laws may require material expenditures by us. Among other things, “green” building codes may seek to reduce emissions through the imposition of standards for design, construction materials, water and energy usage and efficiency, and waste management. Such codes could require us to make improvements to our existing shopping centers, increase the costs of maintaining or improving our existing shopping centers or developing new shopping centers, or increase taxes and fees assessed on us or our shopping centers. Changes in investor, customer, and other stakeholder expectations or responses to climate change may also require us to incur costs or otherwise adversely impact our business.
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As an owner and/or operator of real estate, we could become subject to liability for environmental violations, regardless of whether we caused such violations, and our efforts to identify environmental liabilities may not be successful.
We could become subject to liability in the form of fines or damages for noncompliance with environmental laws and regulations. U.S. federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment may require us, as a current or previous owner or operator of real property, to investigate and clean up hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum product releases at, on, under, from, or in a property or at impacted neighboring properties, which in our case most typically arise from current or former dry cleaners, gas stations, asbestos usage, historic land use practices, and increasingly per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances. These costs could be substantial and liability under these laws may attach whether or not the owner or manager knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such contamination. Even if more than one person may have been responsible for the contamination, each liable party may be held entirely responsible for all of the clean-up costs incurred. We may be subject to regulatory action and may also be held liable to third parties for personal injury or property damage incurred by such parties in connection with exposure to or offsite contamination caused by hazardous or toxic substances. The costs of investigation, removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances, and related liabilities, may be substantial and could materially and adversely affect us. The presence of hazardous or toxic substances, or the failure to remediate the related contamination, may also adversely affect our ability to sell, lease, or redevelop a property or to borrow money using a property as collateral.
Although we believe that our portfolio is in substantial compliance with U.S. federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations regarding hazardous or toxic substances, and that there is no material contamination that we would be responsible for addressing, this belief is based on limited evaluation and testing. Nearly all of our shopping centers have been subjected to Phase I or similar environmental audits. These environmental audits (which do not include subsurface testing) have not revealed, nor are we aware of, any environmental liability that we believe is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on us. However, we cannot assure you that: (i) previous environmental studies with respect to the portfolio revealed all potential environmental liabilities; (ii) any previous owner, occupant, or Neighbor of a property did not create any material environmental condition not known to us; (iii) the current environmental condition of the portfolio will not be affected by Neighbors and occupants, by the condition of nearby properties, or by other unrelated third parties; or (iv) future uses or conditions (including, without limitation, changes in applicable environmental laws and regulations or the interpretation thereof) will not result in environmental liabilities.
We and our Neighbors face risks relating to cybersecurity attacks. These attacks could lead to significant disruptions to our and our Neighbor’s business operations, third party lawsuits, and adverse regulatory actions. Efforts to respond to these attacks and comply with new laws and regulations regarding cybersecurity and privacy may result in substantial costs and may decrease cash available for distributions.
We and our Neighbors face risks from cybersecurity attacks that seek to disrupt business operations, gain unauthorized access to our network, steal sensitive data, and cause similar harm to our business. We may face such cybersecurity attacks through malware, computer viruses, attachments to e-mails, malicious persons inside our organization, vulnerabilities in our or third party software, or other security issues with our and third party information technology (“IT”) systems. We may face such cybersecurity attacks through malware, computer viruses, attachments to e-mails, persons inside our organization or persons with access to systems inside our organization, and other significant disruptions of our information technology (“IT”) systems. The risk of a cybersecurity attack, including by computer hackers (individual or hacking organizations), foreign governments, and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity, and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. The techniques and sophistication used to conduct cybersecurity attacks and breaches of IT systems, as well as the sources and targets of these attacks, change frequently and are often not recognized until such attacks are launched or have been in place for a period of time. The techniques and sophistication used to conduct cyber attacks and breaches of IT systems, as well as the sources and targets of these attacks, change frequently and are often not recognized until such attacks are launched or have been in place for a period of time. Remote and hybrid working arrangements at our company (and at many third party providers) also increase cybersecurity risks due to the challenges associated with managing remote computing assets and security vulnerabilities that are present in many non-corporate and home networks. The use of artificial intelligence has further enhanced malicious actors’ ability to conduct sophisticated attacks, often at a low cost, including through the use of deepfake and similar social engineering techniques and technologies.
Our IT networks and related systems are essential to the operation of our business and our ability to perform day-to-day operations and, in some cases, may be critical to the operations of certain of our Neighbors. Our IT networks and related systems are essential to the operation of our business and our ability to perform day-to-day operations and, in some cases, may be critical to the operations of certain of our Neighbors. In addition to our own IT systems, we also depend on third parties to provide IT services relating to several key business functions, such as administration, accounting, communications, document management and storage, human resources, payroll, tax, investor relations, and certain finance functions. Our IT systems and those provided by third parties may contain personal, financial, or other information that is entrusted to us by our Neighbors and associates, as well as proprietary PECO information and other confidential information related to our business. There is no guarantee that our cybersecurity risk management programs and processes, including our and third parties’ policies, controls, and procedures, will be fully implemented, complied with or effective in protecting our and third party systems and information against cybersecurity attacks.
As have many companies, we and our third party vendors have been impacted by security incidents in the past, and will likely continue to experience security incidents of varying degrees. While we do not believe these incidents have had a material impact to date, as our reliance on technology has increased, so have the risks posed to our systems, both internal and those we have outsourced. The primary risks that could directly result from the occurrence of a cyber incident include operational interruption, damage to our relationship with our Neighbors, and loss of competitive confidential information. Our financial results and business operations may be negatively affected by such an incident or the resulting negative media attention. A cybersecurity attack on our or third party IT systems could also: (i) disrupt the proper functioning of our networks and systems and therefore our operations and/or those of certain of our Neighbors; (ii) compromise the personal information, confidential information, or proprietary information of our Neighbors, associates, and vendors, which others could use to compete against us or for disruptive, destructive, or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes; (iii) result in our inability to maintain the building systems relied upon by our Neighbors for the efficient use of their leased space possibly resulting in harm to customers of those neighbors; (iv) require significant management attention and resources to remedy the damages that result; (v) result in misstated financial reports, violations of loan covenants, and/or missed reporting deadlines; (vi) result in our inability to properly monitor our compliance with the rules and regulations regarding our qualification as a REIT; (vii) subject us to claims for breach of contract, damages, credits, penalties, or termination of leases or other agreements or relationships; (viii) cause reputational damage that adversely affects Neighbor, investor, and associate confidence in us, which
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could negatively affect our ability to attract and retain Neighbors, investors, and associates; (ix) result in significant remediation costs, some or all of which may not be recoverable from our insurance carriers; and (x) result in increases in the cost of obtaining insurance on favorable terms, or at all, if the attack results in significant insured losses. Such security incidents could also result in a violation of applicable federal and state privacy and other laws, and subject us to private consumer, business partner, or securities litigation and governmental investigations and proceedings, any of which could result in our exposure to material civil or criminal liability, and we may not be able to recover these expenses from our service providers, responsible parties, or insurance carriers. Such security breaches also could result in a violation of applicable federal and state privacy and other laws, and subject us to private consumer, business partner, or securities litigation and governmental investigations and proceedings, any of which could result in our exposure to material civil or criminal liability, and we may not be able to recover these expenses from our service providers, responsible parties, or insurance carriers. Similarly, our Neighbors rely extensively on IT systems to process transactions and manage their businesses and thus are also at risk from and may be adversely affected by cybersecurity attacks. An interruption in the business operations of our Neighbors or a deterioration in their reputation resulting from a cybersecurity attack, including unauthorized access to customers’ information, credit card data, and other confidential information, could indirectly negatively affect our business and cause lost revenues. An interruption in the business operations of our Neighbors or a deterioration in their reputation resulting from a cybersecurity attack, including unauthorized access to customers’ credit card data and other confidential information, could indirectly negatively affect our business and cause lost revenues.
Regulatory and Legal Risks
Compliance or failure to comply with the ADA, and fire, safety, and other regulations could result in substantial costs and may decrease cash available for stockholder distributions.
Our shopping centers are or may become subject to the ADA which generally requires that all places of public accommodation comply with federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Compliance with the ADA’s requirements could require the removal of access barriers and noncompliance may result in the imposition of injunctive relief, monetary penalties, or in some cases, an award of damages. While we attempt to acquire shopping centers that are already in compliance with the ADA or place the burden of compliance on the seller or other third party, such as a Neighbor, we cannot assure stockholders that we will be able to acquire shopping centers or allocate responsibilities in this manner. While we attempt to acquire shopping centers that are already in compliance with the ADA or place the burden of compliance on the seller or other third party, such as a Neighbor, we cannot PHILLIPS EDISON & COMPANYDECEMBER 31, 2024 FORM 10-K19assure stockholders that we will be able to acquire shopping centers or allocate responsibilities in this manner. In addition, we are required to operate the shopping centers in compliance with fire and safety regulations, building codes, and other land use regulations, as they may be adopted by governmental entities and become applicable to the shopping centers. We may be required to make substantial capital expenditures to comply with these requirements, and these expenditures may reduce our net income and may have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet our financial obligations and make distributions to our stockholders.
We could be subject to legal or regulatory proceedings that may adversely affect our cash flows and results of operations.
As an owner and operator of public shopping centers, from time to time, we are party to legal and regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. Due to the inherent uncertainties of litigation and regulatory proceedings, we cannot accurately predict the ultimate outcome of any such litigation or proceedings. We could experience an adverse effect to our cash flows, financial condition, and results of operations due to an unfavorable outcome.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
The market price and trading volume of shares of our common stock may be volatile.
The U.S. stock markets, including Nasdaq, on which our common stock trades, have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. As a result, the market price of shares of our common stock may be similarly volatile, and investors in shares of our common stock may experience a decrease in the value of their shares, including decreases unrelated to our operating performance or prospects. We cannot assure you that the market price of shares of our common stock will not fluctuate or decline significantly in the future.
In addition to the risks listed in this “Risk Factors” section, a number of factors could negatively affect the share price of our common stock or result in fluctuations in the price or trading volume of shares of our common stock, including:
•the annual yield from distributions on shares of our common stock as compared to yields on other financial instruments;
•equity issuances by us, or future sales of substantial amounts of shares of our common stock by our existing or future stockholders, or the perception that such issuances or future sales may occur;
•increases in market interest rates or a decrease in our distributions to stockholders that lead purchasers of shares of our common stock to demand a higher yield;
•changes in market valuations of similar companies;
•fluctuations in stock market prices and volumes;
•additions or departures of key management personnel;
•our operating performance and the performance of other similar companies;
•actual or anticipated differences in our quarterly operating results;
•changes in expectations of future financial performance or changes in estimates of securities analysts;
•publication of research reports about us or our industry by securities analysts;
•failure to qualify as a REIT;
•adverse market reaction to any indebtedness we incur in the future;
•strategic decisions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions, divestments, spin offs, joint ventures, strategic investments, or changes in business strategy;
•the passage of legislation or other regulatory developments that adversely affect us or our industry;
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•speculation in the press or investment community;
•changes in our earnings;
•failure to satisfy the listing requirements of Nasdaq;
•failure to comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;
•actions by institutional stockholders;
•changes in accounting principles; and
•general market conditions, including factors unrelated to our performance.
In the past, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the price of their common stock. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, our ability to execute our business strategy, and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
The number of shares of our common stock available for future issuance or sale could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
We cannot predict whether future issuances or sales of shares of our common stock or the availability of shares of our common stock for resale in the open market will decrease the market price of our common stock. The issuance of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or upon exchange of common units of limited partnership interest in our OP units, or the perception that such issuances might occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. The issuance of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or upon exchange of common units of limited partnership interest PHILLIPS EDISON & COMPANYDECEMBER 31, 2024 FORM 10-K20in our OP units, or the perception that such issuances might occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
The exchange of OP units for common stock, including OP units granted to certain directors, executive officers, and other employees under our equity incentive plan, or the issuance of our common stock or OP units in connection with future property, portfolio, or business acquisitions could have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock. In addition, the existence of OP units and shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under our equity incentive plan may adversely affect the terms upon which we may be able to obtain additional capital through the sale of equity securities. Future issuances of shares of our common stock may also be dilutive to existing stockholders.
Future offerings of debt securities, which would be senior to our common stock upon liquidation, and/or preferred equity securities, which may be senior to our common stock for purposes of dividend distributions or upon liquidation, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by offering additional debt or equity securities (or causing our operating partnership to issue debt or equity securities), including medium term notes, senior or subordinated notes, and additional classes of preferred or common stock. Holders of debt securities or shares of preferred stock, as well as lenders with respect to other borrowings, will generally be entitled to receive interest payments or distributions, both current and in connection with any liquidation or sale, prior to the holders of our common stock. Additionally, any convertible or exchangeable securities that we issue in the future may have rights, preferences, and privileges more favorable than those of our common stock and may result in dilution to owners of our common stock. We are not required to offer any such additional debt or equity securities to existing common stockholders on a preemptive basis. Therefore, offerings of common stock or other equity securities may dilute the holdings of our existing stockholders. Future offerings of debt or equity securities, or the perception that such offerings may occur, may reduce the market price of our common stock and/or the distributions that we pay with respect to our common stock. Because we may generally issue any such debt or equity securities in the future without obtaining the consent of our stockholders, you will bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common stock and diluting your proportionate ownership.
If we pay distributions from sources other than our cash flows from operations, we may not be able to sustain our distribution rate, we may have fewer funds available for investment in shopping centers and other assets, and our stockholders’ overall returns may be reduced.
Our organizational documents permit us to pay distributions from any source without limit (other than those limits set forth under Maryland law). To the extent we fund distributions from borrowings, we will have fewer funds available for investment in real estate shopping centers and other real estate-related assets, and our stockholders’ overall returns may be reduced. At times, we may need to borrow funds to pay distributions, which could increase the costs to operate our business. Furthermore, if we cannot cover our distributions with cash flows from operations, we may be unable to sustain our distribution rate.
Our distributions to stockholders may change, which could adversely affect the market price of shares of our common stock.
All distributions will be at the sole discretion of our Board and will depend on our actual and projected financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, liquidity, maintenance of our REIT qualification, and such other matters as our Board may deem relevant from time to time. We intend to evaluate distributions throughout 2026, and it is possible that stockholders may not receive distributions equivalent to those previously paid by us for various reasons, including: (i) we may not have enough cash to pay such distributions due to changes in our cash requirements, indebtedness, capital spending plans, operating cash flows, or financial position; (ii) decisions on whether, when, and in what amounts to make any future distributions will remain at all times entirely at the discretion of the Board, which reserves the right to change our distribution practices at any time and for any reason; (iii) our Board may elect to retain cash for investment purposes, working capital reserves, or other purposes, or to maintain or improve our credit ratings; and (iv) the amount of distributions that our subsidiaries may distribute to us may be subject to restrictions imposed by state law, state regulators, and/or the terms of any current or future indebtedness that these subsidiaries may incur.
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Stockholders have no contractual or other legal right to distributions that have not been authorized by the Board and declared by the Company. We may not be able to make distributions in the future or may need to fund such distributions from external sources, as to which no assurances can be given. In addition, as noted above, we may choose to retain operating cash flow, and those retained funds, although increasing the value of our underlying assets, may not correspondingly increase the market price of shares of our common stock. Our failure to meet the market's expectations with regard to future cash distributions likely would adversely affect the market price of shares of our common stock.
Increases in market interest rates may result in a decrease in the value of shares of our common stock.
One of the factors that may influence the price of shares of our common stock is the dividend distribution rate on our common stock (as a percentage of the price of shares of our common stock) relative to market interest rates. If market interest rates rise, as has been experienced in recent years, prospective purchasers of shares of our common stock may expect a higher distribution rate. If market interest rates rise, as has recently been experienced, prospective purchasers of shares of our common stock may expect a higher distribution rate. Higher interest rates would not, however, result in more funds being available for distribution and, in fact, would likely increase our borrowing costs and might decrease our funds available for distribution. We therefore may not be able, or we may not choose, to provide a higher distribution rate. As a result, prospective purchasers may decide to purchase other securities rather than shares of our common stock, which would reduce the demand for, and result in a decline in the market price of, shares of our common stock.
If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls, we may not be able to accurately and timely report our financial results.
Effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports, effectively prevent fraud, and to operate successfully as a public company. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports or prevent fraud, our reputation and operating results would be harmed. We are required to perform system and process evaluation and testing of our internal control over financial reporting to allow management to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, and are required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to the same, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. If a material weakness or significant deficiency was to be identified in our internal control over financial reporting, we may also identify deficiencies in some of our disclosure controls and procedures that we believe require remediation. We are required to perform system and PHILLIPS EDISON & COMPANYDECEMBER 31, 2024 FORM 10-K21process evaluation and testing of our internal control over financial reporting to allow management to report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, and are required to have our independent registered public accounting firm attest to the same, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. If a material weakness or significant deficiency was to be identified in our internal control over financial reporting, we may also identify deficiencies in some of our disclosure controls and procedures that we believe require remediation. If we or our independent registered public accounting firm discover weaknesses, we will make efforts to improve our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls. However, there is no assurance that we will be successful. Any failure to maintain effective controls or timely effect any necessary improvement of our internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls could harm operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, which could affect the listing of our common stock on Nasdaq. Ineffective internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which would likely have a negative effect on the per share trading price of our common stock.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable.
ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY
PECO’s cybersecurity program is generally based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology cybersecurity framework (“NIST CSF”) with the intention of preventing, identifying, detecting, and mitigating cybersecurity risks. This does not imply that we meet or comply with any particular technical standards, specifications, frameworks, or requirements including the NIST CSF, only that we use the NIST CSF as a guide. Our program focuses on people, processes, and technologies and includes training of associates, periodic workforce testing, and the deployment and monitoring of technical security solutions and controls.
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The cybersecurity team delivers cybersecurity training to associates, including security videos and informational tips, new hire training, out-of-band cybersecurity alerts, and simulated phishing campaigns with teachable moments and focused training, all designed to provide security specific knowledge to our associates. The PECO cybersecurity team participates in cybersecurity training, activities, and events to stay current with the evolution of security threats, security solutions, best practices, and the risks facing PECO.
At PECO, we are committed to protecting the availability, confidentiality, and integrity of our data and systems.At PECO, we are committed to protecting the confidentiality and integrity of our data and systems. Among other things, our key contracts contain requirements that counterparties maintain standards of data security and privacy compliance.
PECO maintains, internally publishes, and annually reviews its cybersecurity policies and procedures, which includes an incident response plan. Additionally, PECO engages with external cybersecurity experts to conduct annual penetration testing, provide monitoring of the environment, conduct tabletop exercises, and provide dedicated incident response and advanced forensics capabilities. In addition to internal audits and external reviews, assessments have included the NIST CSF, cybersecurity maturity assessment, and Center for Internet Security Benchmarks to identify opportunities for enhancement.
PHILLIPS EDISON & COMPANY DECEMBER 31, 2025 FORM 10-K | 21 | ||||||||||
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