Risk Factors Dashboard

Once a year, publicly traded companies issue a comprehensive report of their business, called a 10-K. A component mandated in the 10-K is the ‘Risk Factors’ section, where companies disclose any major potential risks that they may face. This dashboard highlights all major changes and additions in new 10K reports, allowing investors to quickly identify new potential risks and opportunities.

Risk Factors - LFWD

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Item 1A. Risk Factors,” “Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this annual report. The statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of future performance, taking into account the information currently available to us. These statements are only predictions based upon our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the statements.
These factors include those listed in “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors,” including those factors summarized below.
our expectations regarding future growth, including our ability to increase sales in our existing geographic markets and expand to new markets;
our ability to continue as a going concern for the next twelve months;
our ability to maintain and grow our reputation and the market acceptance of our products;
our ability to achieve reimbursement from third-party payors for Private, Governments, and Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) coverage for our products, including our ability to successfully submit and gain approval of cases for Medicare coverage through Medicare Administrative Contractors (“MACs”);
our ability to successfully integrate the operations of AlterG, Inc. (“AlterG”) into our organization, and realize the anticipated benefits therefrom;
our ability to have sufficient funds to meet certain future capital requirements, which could impair our efforts to develop and commercialize existing and new products;
our ability to realize the expected benefits from cost reduction initiatives, including streamlining operations and the completed transition of the manufacturing of our ReWalk products to in-house manufacturing, and our ability to manage any related business disruptions;
our ability to achieve expected operating efficiencies and sustain or improve operating expense reductions, and our ability to handle any business disruptions that may occur in connection with streamlining operations;
our reliance on third-party contract manufacturers for the production of our AlterG Anti-Gravity Systems and our ability to maintain product quality, ensure timely production and delivery, and manage potential supply chain disruptions;
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our ability to leverage our sales, marketing and training infrastructure;
our ability to grow our business through acquisitions of businesses, products or technologies, and the failure to manage acquisitions, or the failure to integrate them with our existing business;
our ability to obtain certain components of our products from third-party suppliers and our continued access to our product manufacturers;
our ability to improve our products and develop new products;
our compliance with medical device reporting regulations to report adverse events involving our products, which could result in voluntary corrective actions or enforcement actions such as mandatory recalls, and the potential impact of such adverse events on our ability to market and sell our products;
our ability to gain and maintain regulatory approvals and to comply with any post-marketing requests;
the risk of a cybersecurity attack or incident relating to our information technology systems significantly disrupting our business operations;
our ability to maintain adequate protection of our intellectual property and to avoid violation of the intellectual property rights of others;
the impact of substantial sales of our shares by certain shareholders on the market price of our ordinary shares;
our ability to maintain compliance with the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market and the risk that our ordinary shares will be delisted if we cannot do so;
our ability to effectively use the proceeds from our recent offerings of securities;
our ability to repay amounts due, and perform our obligations under and comply with the terms and conditions of, the Secured Promissory Notes with Oramed;
the impact of the market price of our ordinary shares on the determination of whether we are a passive foreign investment company;
market and other conditions, including the extent to which inflationary pressures, interest rate and currency rate fluctuations, and changes in trade policies (including tariffs and trade protection measures that have been or may in the future be imposed by the U.S. or other countries), or global instability may disrupt our business operations or our financial condition or the financial condition of our customers and suppliers, including the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, ongoing conflict in the Middle East (including any escalation or expansion) and the increasing tensions between China and Taiwan; and
other factors discussed in “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors.”
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or will occur.
You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement in this annual report speaks only as of the date hereof. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this annual report, to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.
Summary Risk Factors
We have concluded that there is substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern.
We may not have sufficient funds to meet certain future operating needs or capital requirements, which could impair our efforts to develop and commercialize existing and new products, and as a result, we may in the future consider one or more capital-raising transactions, including future equity or debt financings, strategic transactions, or borrowings which may also further dilute our shareholders or place us under restrictive covenants limiting our ability to operate freely.
We may not fully realize the anticipated positive impacts to future financial results from our streamlining efforts.
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We face economic and political risks associated with doing business in Taiwan, particularly due to the geopolitical tension between Taiwan and China, and in Russia that could negatively affect our business and hence the value of your investment.

If we fail to meet the requirements for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, our ordinary shares could be delisted from trading, which would decrease the liquidity of our ordinary shares and our ability to raise additional capital.

We rely primarily on sales of our ReWalk Personal Exoskeletons, AlterG Anti-Gravity systems, MyoCycle FES cycles, and related consumables, services, and extended warranties for our revenue. We may not be able to achieve or maintain market acceptance of the ReWalk, AlterG, or MyoCycle products or to generate sufficient revenue from these current and future products to sustain our operations. We may not be able to achieve or maintain market acceptance of the ReWalk, AlterG, or MyoCycle products or to generate sufficient revenue from these current and future products to sustain our operations.
We may fail to secure or maintain adequate insurance coverage or reimbursement for our products by third-party payors, which risk may be heightened if insurers find the products to be investigational or experimental or if new government regulations change existing reimbursement policies. Additionally, such coverage or reimbursement, even if maintained, may not produce revenue that are high enough to allow us to sell our products profitably.
Defects in our products or the software that drives them could adversely affect the results of our operations.
The potential health benefits of our ReWalk products have not been substantiated by long-term clinical data, which could limit sales of such products.
We rely on third-party contract manufacturers to produce our AlterG products and on third-party suppliers for certain components used in our ReWalk and AlterG products.
We may receive a significant number of warranty claims or our ReWalk, AlterG, or ReStore systems may require significant amounts of service after sale.
We may not be able to enhance our exoskeleton product offerings through our research and development efforts.
We may enter into collaborations, in-licensing arrangements, joint ventures, strategic alliances, business acquisitions or partnerships with third parties that may not result in the development of commercially viable products or the generation of significant future revenue.
Our devices are subject to the FDA’s regulations pertaining to marketing and promotional communications, among others. Failure to comply with such regulations may give rise to a number of potential FDA enforcement actions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We are not able to protect our intellectual property rights in all countries.
If we are unable to offer our key management personnel long-term incentive compensation, including options, and restricted stock units, as part of their total compensation package, we may have difficulty retaining such personnel, which would adversely affect our operations and financial performance.
Conditions in Israel, including Israel’s wars against Hamas and other terrorist organizations in the Gaza Strip, against Hezbollah on Israel’s northern border, and tensions or hostilities involving Iran, including any escalation into a broader regional conflict, may materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Our technology development and quality headquarters and the manufacturing facility for our ReWalk products are located in Israel and, therefore, our results may be adversely affected by economic restrictions imposed on, and political and military instability in, Israel.
Our operations may be disrupted as a result of the obligation of Israeli citizens to perform military service.
Your rights and responsibilities as a shareholder will be governed by Israeli law, which differs in some material respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders of U.S. companies.
Our business could be negatively affected as a result of actions of activist shareholders, which could be disruptive and costly and may impact the trading value of our securities.
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Where You Can Find Other Information
Our principal executive offices are located at 2 Cabot Rd., Hudson, MA 01749, and our telephone number is (508) 251-1154. Our website is golifeward.com. Information contained, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of this annual report and is not incorporated by reference herein. We have included our website address in this annual report solely for informational purposes. Information that we furnish or file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to, or exhibits included in, these reports are available for download, free of charge, on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such materials are filed or furnished with the SEC. The SEC also maintains a website at www.SEC.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Our SEC filings, including exhibits filed or furnished therewith, are also available on this website.
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Overview
We are a medical device company that designs, develops, and commercializes life-changing solutions that span the continuum of care in physical rehabilitation and recovery, delivering proven functional and health benefits in clinical settings as well as in the home and community. Our initial product offerings were the ReWalk Personal and ReWalk Rehabilitation Exoskeleton devices for individuals with spinal cord injury (“SCI Products”). These devices are robotic exoskeletons that are designed for individuals with paraplegia that use our patented tilt-sensor technology and an onboard computer and motion sensors to drive motorized legs that power movement. These SCI Products allow individuals with spinal cord injury (“SCI”) the ability to stand and walk again during everyday activities at home or in the community. In March 2023, we received clearance of our premarket notification (“510(k)”) from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton with stair and curb functionality, which adds usage on stairs and curbs to the indication for use for the device in the U.S. The clearance permits U.S. customers to participate in more walking activities in real-world environments in their daily lives where stairs or curbs may have previously limited them when using the exoskeleton for its intended, FDA-indicated uses. This feature has been available in Europe since initial CE Clearance, and real-world data from a cohort of 47 European users throughout a period of over seven years consisting of over 18,000 stair steps, were collected to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of this feature and support the FDA submission. In March 2025, we received 510(k) clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for the ReWalk 7 Personal Exoskeleton device, a next-generation ReWalk model.
We have sought to expand our product offerings beyond the SCI Products through internal development, distribution agreements, and acquisitions. We have developed our ReStore Exo-Suit device, which we began commercializing in June 2019. The ReStore is a powered, lightweight soft exo-suit intended for use during the rehabilitation of individuals with lower limb disabilities due to stroke. Sales of the device in the European Union ceased in May 2024. In the second quarter of 2020, we signed an agreement to become the exclusive distributor of the MYOLYN MyoCycle FES Pro cycles to U.S. rehabilitation clinics and for the MyoCycle Home cycles available to U.S. veterans through the Veterans Health Administration (“VHA”) hospitals. We continue to distribute these products; however, our distribution rights are no longer exclusive.
In August 2023, we made our first acquisition to supplement our internal growth when we acquired AlterG, a leading provider of Anti-Gravity systems for use in physical and neurological rehabilitation. We paid a cash purchase price of approximately $19 million at closing. The purchase agreement also provided for the potential of additional cash earnout payments based on AlterG’s revenue growth over the two years following the closing; however, no earnout payments were earned. The AlterG Anti-Gravity systems use patented, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (“NASA”) derived differential air pressure (“DAP”) technology to reduce the effects of gravity and allow patients to rehabilitate with finely calibrated support and reduced pain. AlterG Anti-Gravity systems are utilized in over 6,000 facilities globally in more than 40 countries. We will continue to evaluate other products for distribution or acquisition that can broaden our product offerings further to help individuals with injury and disability.
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In February 2026, we entered into an Intellectual Property Assignment and Technology Transfer Agreement with Skelable Ltd., an Israeli technology company, pursuant to which we agreed to acquire certain intellectual property and related technology assets associated with a powered upper-body robotic orthotic system designed to assist individuals with impaired upper-limb function, including stroke survivors. The transaction remains subject to customary closing conditions. As part of the transaction, certain key employees of Skelable are expected to join our company. The consideration consists primarily of our ordinary shares and is subject to the achievement of certain milestones. The technology remains under development and is intended to expand our neurorehabilitation platform beyond lower-limb exoskeleton systems.
In March 2025, we announced an agreement with CorLife, LLC., a Delaware limited liability company (“CorLife”) and a division of Numotion, the nation’s leading and largest provider of products and services that provide mobility, health and personal independence, to increase our penetration of SCI Products into the workers’ compensation market., a Delaware limited liability company (“CorLife”) and a division of Numotion, the nation’s leading and largest provider of products and services that provide mobility, health and personal independence. Pursuant to the agreement, CorLife became the exclusive distributor for the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton for individuals with workers’ compensation claims. The agreement leverages CorLife’s extensive network of credentialed providers and experts to include the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton among the services and equipment they provide to thousands of injured workers each year. Under the agreement, the CorLife reimbursement team manages all workers’ compensation claims submissions for the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton. We believe this agreement will build awareness of the benefits of the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton among individuals with workers’ compensation coverage and gain us access to the resources of CorLife to facilitate efficient processing of claims.
In December 2025, we announced a distribution agreement with Verita Neuro, a provider of intensive neurological rehabilitation services. Pursuant to the agreement, Verita Neuro will serve as a distributor of the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton in certain international markets, including Mexico, Thailand and the United Arab Emirates. Through its network of rehabilitation centers, Verita Neuro integrates advanced technologies and therapies to support individuals with neurological injuries. We believe this agreement will expand access to the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton in additional international markets and support broader adoption of our technology.
Our principal markets are primarily in the United States and Europe with some lesser sales in Asia, the Middle East and South America. We sell our products primarily directly in the United States, through a combination of direct sales and distributors (depending on the product line) in Germany and Canada, and primarily through distributors in other markets. In markets where we sell direct to consumers, we have established relationships with clinics and rehabilitation centers, professional and college sports teams, individuals and organizations in the SCI community, and in markets where we do not sell direct to consumers, our distributors maintain these relationships. In markets where we sell direct to consumers, we have established relationships with clinics and rehabilitation centers, professional and college sports teams, and individuals and organizations in the SCI community, and in markets where we do not sell direct to consumers, our distributors maintain these relationships. We have primary offices in Yokneam, Israel, Hudson, Massachusetts, and Berlin, Germany. We have primary offices in Yokneam, Israel, Marlborough, Massachusetts, and Berlin, Germany.
We have in the past generated and expect to generate in the future revenue from a combination of clinics and rehabilitation centers, commercial distributors, third-party payors (including private and government payors), professional and college sports teams, and self-pay individuals. While a broad uniform policy of coverage and reimbursement by third-party commercial payors currently does not exist in the United States for exoskeleton technologies such as the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton, we are pursuing various paths of reimbursement, such as the VHA policy that was issued in December 2015 for the evaluation, training, and procurement of ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton systems for all qualifying veterans living with SCI across the United States. While a broad uniform policy of coverage and reimbursement by third-party commercial payors currently does not exist in the United States for exoskeleton technologies such as the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton, we are pursuing various paths of reimbursement and support fundraising efforts by institutions and clinics, such as the VHA policy that was issued in December 2015 for the evaluation, training, and procurement of ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton systems for all qualifying veterans living with SCI across the United States.
We have engaged with CMS regarding the Medicare coverage framework applicable to personal exoskeletons. In 2024, the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center (“NSCISC”), which maintains the world’s largest database on spinal cord injury research, reported that CMS is the primary payor for approximately 57% of the SCI population that is at least five years post-injury, with Medicare representing a majority of this percentage. In July 2020, following a successful submission and hearing process, a code was issued for ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton, which may be used for purposes of claim submission to Medicare, Medicaid, and other payors.
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On November 1, 2023, CMS released the Calendar Year 2024 Home Health Prospective Payment System Final Rule, CMS-1780-F (“Final Rule”), which was adopted through the notice and comment rulemaking process. The Final Rule includes a policy confirming that personal exoskeletons are included in the Medicare brace benefit category, as of January 1, 2024. Medicare personal exoskeleton claims with dates of service on or after January 1, 2024 that are billed using HCPCS code K1007 are assigned to the brace benefit category. CMS reimburses items classified under the brace benefit category using a lump-sum payment methodology.
On April 11, 2024, CMS revised its April 2024 Durable Medical Equipment, Prosthetics, Orthotics, and Supplies (“DMEPOS”) Fee Schedule to include a final lump-sum Medicare purchase fee schedule amount for personal exoskeletons (HCPCS code K1007) with an established rate of $91,032. CMS determined this payment rate using a “gap-filling” methodology, which is applied when a technology has no prior fee schedule pricing history. In establishing the payment amount for HCPCS code K1007, CMS considered available pricing information for exoskeleton devices from Lifeward and other manufacturers.
In June 2025, an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) ruled in favor of a Medicare beneficiary’s appeal and determined that their ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton shall be covered and reimbursed by Medicare as a “reasonable and necessary” medical device that enables walking after SCI. This ruling established a legal basis that the ReWalk system constitutes a reasonable and necessary medical intervention for paralyzed individuals.
In Germany, we continue to make progress toward achieving coverage from the various government, private and worker’s compensation payors for our SCI Products. In September 2017, each of German insurer BARMER GEK (“BARMER”) and national social accident insurance provider Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (“DGUV”) indicated that they will provide coverage to users who meet certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. In February 2018, the head office of German Statutory Health Insurance (“SHI”) Spitzenverband (“GKV”) confirmed its decision to list the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton system in the German Medical Device Directory. This decision means that ReWalk is listed among all medical devices for compensation, which SHI providers can procure for any approved beneficiary on a case-by-case basis. During the year 2020 and 2021, we announced several new agreements with German SHIs, including TK and DAK Gesundheit, as well as the first German Private Health Insurer (“PHI”), which outline the process of obtaining our devices for eligible insured patients. In February 2025, we finalized an agreement with BARMER to formalize the reimbursement process for the provision of ReWalk exoskeletons to medically eligible beneficiaries. We are also currently working with several additional SHIs on securing a formal operating contract that will establish the process of obtaining a ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton for their beneficiaries within their system. We are also currently working with several additional SHIs on securing a formal operating contract that will establish the process of obtaining a ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton for their beneficiaries within their system. Additionally, to date, several private insurers in the United States and Europe are providing reimbursement for ReWalk in certain cases.
On January 12, 2026, we entered into a Share Purchase Agreement with Oramed Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Oramed”) and Oratech Pharma, Inc. (“Oratech”), pursuant to which we agreed to acquire all of the outstanding equity interests of Oratech, a wholly owned subsidiary of Oramed. Upon closing of the transaction, and subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, we will issue to Oramed ordinary shares and pre-funded warrants representing up to 49.99% of our fully diluted equity capitalization, with the number of ordinary shares issued at closing not exceeding 45% of our outstanding ordinary shares immediately after closing. We will also issue transaction warrants and agreed to make quarterly revenue sharing payments equal to 4% of net revenues from sales of our ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton products and related extended warranties, subject to certain caps and termination events.
In connection with the transaction, we also entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Oramed and certain investors providing for the issuance of up to $20.0 million of senior secured convertible notes, including $10.0 million to be issued at closing, together with accompanying warrants.
On March 12, 2026, our shareholders approved the transaction. We anticipate closing the transaction following the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.
In connection with the anticipated transaction, we received bridge financing from Oramed. On November 14, 2025, we entered into a Secured Promissory Note (the “Initial Secured Promissory Note”) with Oramed Ltd., pursuant to which we issued to Oramed Ltd. a secured promissory note in the principal amount of $3.0 million. The loan bears interest at a rate of 15% per annum, is secured by a lien on our cash and matures on May 14, 2026.
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On February 12, 2026, we entered into an additional Secured Promissory Note (the “Subsequent Secured Promissory Note”) with Oramed, pursuant to which we issued a secured promissory note in the initial principal amount of $525,000, which amount may be increased by up to an additional $975,000 upon the mutual consent of the parties. The Subsequent Secured Promissory Note is secured by a lien on our cash, accrues interest at a rate of 24% per annum and matures on the earlier of August 12, 2026, or the failure to obtain shareholder approval of the transactions contemplated by the Securities Purchase Agreement and the Share Purchase Agreement described above.
On March 11, 2026, we and Oramed agreed to increase the principal amount available under the Subsequent Secured Promissory Note by an additional $500,000, resulting in an aggregate principal amount of $1,025,000 available under such note.
ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton and ReWalk Rehabilitation Exoskeleton
Development of our SCI Products took over a decade and was spurred by the experiences of our founder, Dr. Amit Goffer, who became a quadriplegic due to an accident. Current ReWalk designs are intended for people with paraplegia, an SCI resulting in complete or incomplete paralysis of the legs, who have the use of their upper bodies and arms. We currently offer two products in this category: the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton and the ReWalk Rehabilitation Exoskeleton. The ReWalk Rehabilitation Exoskeleton is substantially similar to the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton system except that it is sold with multiple sizes of our adjustable parts to allow different users the ability to train within a clinic. In recent years, substantially all the ReWalk units sold by the Company have been ReWalk Personal systems and we expect our commercial efforts to continue to focus on this model.
The ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton is a novel product that seeks to fundamentally change the health and life experiences of users. Designed for daily use, the device is battery-powered and consists of a wearable exoskeleton with integrated motors at the joints, an array of sensors and a computer-based control system to power knee and hip movement. The user controls the device movement using a combination of user inputs on the wrist-worn controller, as well as through subtle weight shifts of the upper body. Because the exoskeleton supports its own weight and facilitates the user’s gait, users do not expend unnecessary energy while walking. The ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton also allows users to sit, stand and climb and descend stairs and curbs. In March 2023, the FDA cleared the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton for use on stairs and curbs, allowing users to participate in walking activities in more real-world environments in their daily lives and experience more opportunities to enjoy the health benefits of walking.
ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton: intended for everyday use at home, at work or in the community with a trained companion. We began marketing ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton in Europe with CE mark clearance at the end of 2012. We received FDA de novo authorization to market the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton in the United States in June 2014. FDA subsequently cleared 510(k) premarket notifications for modifications to the ReWalk, including for use of the ReWalk on curbs and stairs. We began marketing ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton in Europe with CE mark clearance at the end of 2012. We received FDA de novo authorization to market the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton in the United States in June 2014. FDA subsequently cleared 510(k) premarket notifications for modifications to the ReWalk, including for use of the ReWalk on curbs and stairs. ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton units are all manufactured according to the same mechanical specifications. Each unit is then permanently sized to fit the individual user and the software is configured for the user’s specifications by the rehabilitation center, clinic, or distributor. Each unit is then permanently sized to fit the individual user and the software is configured for the user’s specifications by the rehabilitation center, clinic, or distributor. In March 2025, we received 510(k) clearance from the FDA for the ReWalk™ 7, the seventh generation of the ReWalk system, which includes innovative new and enhanced features such as cloud connectivity, an improved user interface, crutch-mounted push-button control, customizable walking speeds, and seamless activation for stairs and curbs. The ReWalk™ 7 received CE Mark approval in September 2025.
ReWalk Rehabilitation Exoskeleton: the current offering for clinics who wish to implement exoskeleton training is composed of our ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton unit along with multiple sizing of different parts, enabling multiple patient use. The ReWalk Rehabilitation Exoskeleton provides a valuable means of exercise, training, and therapy. The ReWalk Rehabilitation Exoskeleton provides a valuable means of exercise, training, and therapy. Use of the ReWalk Rehabilitation Exoskeleton in the clinic also enables individuals to evaluate their capacity for using the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton in the future. Use of the ReWalk Rehabilitation Exoskeleton in the clinic also enables individuals to evaluate their capacity for using the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton in the future.
ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton
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Additionally, we have received regulatory approval to sell the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton device in other countries. In the future we intend to seek approval from the applicable regulatory agencies in other jurisdictions where we may seek to market ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton. For more information about the safety of using our SCI products see “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to our Business and our Industry— Defects in our products or the software that drives them could adversely affect the results of our operations.”
Overview of Spinal Cord Injury
Spinal Cord Injury
The spine is the central core of the human skeleton and provides structural support, alignment, and flexibility to the body. The spinal cord, housed inside the bones of the spinal column, is a complex bundle of nerves serving as the main pathway for information connecting the brain, and nervous system. Spinal cord injury is a serious medical condition that occurs as a result of physical damage to the nerves of the spinal cord, resulting in a loss of function, such as mobility or feeling. In most people who have spinal cord injury, the spinal cord is intact. Spinal cord injury is not the same as back injury, which may result from pinched nerves or ruptured disks. Even when a person sustains a break in a vertebra or vertebrae, there may not be any spinal cord injury if the spinal cord itself is not affected. There are two types of spinal cord injury – complete and incomplete. In a complete injury, a person loses all ability to feel and voluntarily move below the level of the injury. In an incomplete injury, there is some functioning below the level of the injury.
Upon medical examination, a patient is assigned a level of injury depending on the location of the spinal cord injury. Cervical level injuries cause paralysis or weakness in both arms and legs and is referred to as quadriplegia. Sometimes this type of injury is accompanied by loss of physical sensation, respiratory issues, bowel, bladder, and sexual dysfunction. Thoracic level injuries can cause paralysis or weakness of the legs (paraplegia) along with loss of physical sensation, bowel, bladder, and sexual dysfunction. In most cases, arms and hands are not affected. Lumbar level injuries result in paralysis or weakness of the legs (paraplegia). Loss of physical sensation, bowel, bladder, and sexual dysfunction can occur. The shoulder, arm, and hand functions are usually unaffected. Sacral level injuries primarily cause loss of bowel and bladder function as well as sexual dysfunction.
Clinical Evidence
Published clinical studies indicate the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton’s ability to deliver a functional walking speed. In addition, certain potential secondary health benefits have been reported in literature as well as by healthcare practitioners and ReWalk users, including study participants. Although these benefits have not been established as conclusive clinical data in randomized controlled trials, these reported secondary health benefits include:
Restoration of functional ambulation (permitting community access);
Cardiopulmonary health improvement;
Reduction of muscle spasticity;
Reduction and reversal of bone mineral density loss;
Bowel and bladder management (improved autonomic function);
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Pain reduction;
Multidimensional quality of life improvements.
We believe that using our SCI Products may have the ability to reduce the lifetime healthcare costs of individuals with spinal cord injuries, which we believe will make our SCI Products economically attractive for individuals and third-party payors. While we believe that using our SCI Products could potentially offer significant advantages over competing technologies and therapies, disadvantages include the time it takes for a user to put on the device, the slower pace of the device compared to a wheelchair, the training required by the user and companion to use the device, the weight of the device when carried, which makes it more burdensome for a companion to transport than a wheelchair, and the requirement that users be accompanied by a trained companion.
Market Opportunity
Current and near-term market opportunities include providing a solution for persons with SCI that can be used in the clinic and/or home settings. For persons with SCI, reduced physical activity and the predominance of seated activities can lead to severe physical and psychological deterioration, resulting in bad health, poor quality of life, low self-esteem, and high medical expenses. In addition, the secondary medical consequences of paralysis can include difficulty with bowel and urinary tract function, osteoporosis, loss of lean mass, gain in fat mass, insulin resistance, diabetes, and heart disease. The cost of treating these conditions is substantial. The National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center (“NSCISC”) estimates that complications related to paraplegia cost approximately $670,000 in the first-year post-injury, excluding indirect costs such as loss in wages, fringe benefits, and productivity, and significant additional amounts over the course of an individual’s lifetime. The NSCISC estimates that complications related to paraplegia cost approximately $670,000 in the first-year post-injury, excluding indirect costs such as loss in wages, fringe benefits, and productivity, and significant additional amounts over the course of an individual’s lifetime. Further, secondary complications related to spinal cord injury can reduce life expectancies for SCI patients. The young average age at time of injury and significant remaining life expectancy, the likelihood of living at home, and the lifetime cost of treatment highlight the need for an out-of-hospital solution with demonstrated health and social benefits.
The NSCISC estimates according to its 2025 SCI Fact Sheet that there are approximately 308,000 people in the United States living with SCI, with an annual incidence of approximately 18,000 new cases per year. According to the VHA data there are approximately 42,000 of such patients who are veterans and are eligible for medical care and other benefits from the VHA, out of which the VHA states that 27,000 veterans are receiving SCI treatment annually. With 25 VHA spinal cord injury centers designated SCI/D Hub locations, the VHA has the largest single network of spinal cord injury care in the United States.
According to the NSCISC, since 2015 motor vehicle crashes have been the leading cause of reported spinal cord injury cases (37%), followed by falls (32%), acts of violence (15%) and sports injuries (8%). Approximately 78% of spinal cord injuries occur among the male population. According to NSCISC data, upon hospital discharge, 87% of persons with spinal cord injuries are sent to private, non-institutional residence (in most cases, their homes prior to injury).
Based on information from the 2023 annual report published by the NSCISC, 40% of the total U.S. population of SCI patients suffered injuries between levels T4 and L5. Four published ReWalk trials for SCI patients had an aggregate screening acceptance rate of 50% considering all current FDA limitations, resulting in an estimated 20% of the total population of SCI patients can be considered as candidates for current ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton or ReWalk Rehabilitation Exoskeleton according to the device instructions for use. For important qualifying information about this determination, see “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to our Business and our Industry—The market for medical exoskeletons, including soft exo-suit devices, remains relatively new and unproven, and important assumptions about the potential market for our current and future products may be inaccurate.”
Third-Party Reimbursements
United States
In the U.S., individuals typically obtain a ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton for home use through third-party medical coverage. For an individual who suffered an SCI through a work-related incident, workers’ compensation insurance can be a source of funding to purchase the device. Similarly, for U.S. veterans, an individual may be covered by the VHA for the purchase of the device regardless of whether the SCI occurred during active military service.
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In December 2015, the VHA issued a national policy or standard operating procedure (“SOP”) for the evaluation, training, and procurement of ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton systems for all qualifying veterans across the United States and U.S. Territories. The VHA SOP is the first national coverage policy in the United States for qualifying individuals who are living with spinal cord injury. In June 2018, the VHA updated the SOP, in part, to expand training options for individuals who could not complete the mandatory training due to excessive distance/drive times from a VHA-designated site. As of December 31, 2025, we had placed 51 units as part of the VHA policy. The VHA accounted for 3.8% of our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025.
We continue to work with the VHA to both accelerate the pace of implementation of the current VHA policy nationally, and to again expand opportunities for veterans to gain access to assessments, training, and devices in facilities outside VHA’s traditional spinal cord injury “hub and spoke” infrastructure. Community-based, non-VHA clinics are also being leveraged to allow veterans to be trained closer to their homes, while still being reimbursed by the VHA as part of the VHA’s Community Care Network program.
Successful commercialization depends in significant part on adequate coverage and reimbursement from third party payors, which may include government payors (such as Medicare and Medicaid programs in the United States), managed care organizations, and private health insurers. In general, each third-party payor decides which devices will be covered and reimbursed, establishes reimbursement and co-pay levels and sets conditions for coverage and reimbursement.
While no broad uniform policy of coverage and reimbursement for electronic exoskeleton medical technology exists among commercial insurance payors in the United States, reimbursement may be evaluated by the payor on a case-by-case basis. To date, payments for the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton have been made primarily through case-by-case determinations by third-party payors, including commercial insurers in the United States, by self-payors and donations and, to a lesser extent, through the use of funds from insurance and/or accident settlements.
According to the NSCISC 2024 annual report, approximately 57% of the spinal cord injury population received primary coverage from Medicare and Medicaid within five years after their injury date, with Medicare representing the majority of cases.
In order to be covered and reimbursed by Medicare, the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton must, among other things, be classified into an applicable Medicare benefit category. In addition, appropriate codes describing the technology must also be established to facilitate billing and claims processing.
In December 2019, we submitted the first application for a unique code to describe the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton and, in July 2020, a unique code was issued for ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton. On April 11, 2024, CMS revised its April 2024 DMEPOS Fee Schedule to include a final lump-sum Medicare purchase fee schedule amount for personal exoskeletons (HCPCS code K1007) with an established rate of $91,032. The final payment determination was made by CMS by applying a “gap filling” process, which was used in light of CMS determining that the code describing the technology has no fee schedule pricing history and that lower extremity exoskeletons incorporate “revolutionary features” that cannot be described by or considered comparable to any other existing code or combination of codes. As part of gap-filling, CMS utilizes verifiable supplier or commercial pricing information and adjusts this pricing information according to a deflation and update factor methodology. In applying this formula to the K1007 code describing the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton, CMS says that it calculated this final payment amount by averaging pricing information for exoskeleton devices from Lifeward and other manufacturers.
For more information about coverage and reimbursement risk factors, see “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to our Business and our Industry.”
As part of our plan for growth, we intend to continue working with both national and regional commercial insurance companies, health care practitioners, physicians, researchers, and the SCI community to support efforts to demonstrate the benefits of our SCI Products. In addition, we plan to pursue potential coverage policies with third party payors based on supportive data and appeal rulings that have deemed exoskeleton devices medically necessary and not investigational for individuals with SCI. Our efforts in the future will be focused on continued education of third-party payors through data application, published clinical literature, and work with advocacy groups and health and care providers. In addition, we will continue ongoing communication to seek greater clarity regarding Medicare coverage and reimbursement standards applicable to the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton.
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Europe
Reimbursement for ReWalk in Europe varies by country and historically certain third-party payors have provided reimbursement for our products in certain cases in Germany and Italy.
We initially focused our European efforts in Germany where we continue to make progress toward achieving ReWalk coverage from the various government, private, and workers’ compensation payors. Specifically:

In September 2017, the German insurer BARMER confirmed it will provide ReWalk systems to all qualifying beneficiaries. BARMER provides coverage for nearly nine million people in Germany, as a member of the SHI network and one of the most significant national insurers in the country. BARMER provides coverage for nearly nine million people in Germany, as a member of the SHI network and one of the most significant national insurers in the country. Exoskeletons are provided to users that meet certain inclusion criteria and assessment by the German Health Insurance Medical Service (Medizinischer Dienst der Krankenversicherungen) before and after training. Exoskeletons are provided to users that meet certain inclusion criteria and assessment by the German Health Insurance Medical Service (Medizinischer Dienst der Krankenversicherungen) before and after training.
In September 2017 Germany’s national social accident insurance provider, DGUV, indicated that the DGUV’s member payors, including the health insurance association Berufsgenossenschaft (also known as BG) and state insurers, will approve the supply of exoskeleton systems for qualifying beneficiaries on a case-by-case basis. DGUV is comprised of 33 different insurers, which provide coverage for more than 80 million individuals in Germany. DGUV is comprised of 33 different insurers, which provide coverage for more than 80 million individuals in Germany. Per the agreement, eligible individuals go to BG clinics for evaluation as a part of the procurement. In May 2020 the DGUV agreed to a binding offer to the evaluation, training, and supply of the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton to qualified individuals.
In February 2018, the GKV-Spitzenverband (Central Federal Association of (the) Statutory Health Insurance Funds) confirmed its decision to list the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton system in the German MDD, a comprehensive list of all medical devices which are principally and regularly reimbursed by German SHI and PHI providers. The ReWalk Personal was added to the official German list of medical aids, code number 23.29.01.2001, in June 2018. This decision means that ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton is listed among all medical devices for compensation, which SHI providers can procure for any approved beneficiary on a case-by-case basis. The ReWalk Personal was added to the official German list of medical aids, code number 23.29.01.2001, in June 2018. This decision means that ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton is listed among all medical devices for compensation, which SHI providers can procure for any approved beneficiary on a case-by-case basis.
During the year 2020 we announced several new agreements with SHIs such as TK and DAK-Gesundheit and others as well as the first PHI that chose to enter into an agreement with us that outline the process to obtaining a device for eligible insured patients.
In March 2021 we entered into a contract with BKK Mobile Oil health insurance to supply ReWalk’s Personal Exoskeleton to eligible persons in Germany.
In June 2020, BARMER appealed the decision of the State Social Court, which ordered the supply of the SHI’s insured SCI person with ReWalk. The State Social Court ruled and deemed ReWalk as the medical aid which will directly compensate the plaintiff’s disability. BARMER initially appealed this ruling with the Federal Social Court (Bundessozialgericht), but later, in November 2022, withdrew its pending case and accepted the prior ruling from the state court that exoskeletons are considered as a direct disability compensation. This outcome means that an eligible insured person with SCI in Germany has a legal basis for the supply of an exoskeleton as an orthopedic aid for direct disability compensation. This outcome means that an eligible insured person with SCI in Germany has a legal basis for the supply of an exoskeleton as an orthopedic aid for direct disability compensation. Patients in Germany who are covered under these contracts and policies must be medically evaluated for their eligibility to use the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton device. Patients in Germany who are covered under these contracts and policies must be medically evaluated for their eligibility to use the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton device. If medically qualified, the patient, along with his or her physician, must apply for coverage of the device. If medically qualified, the patient, along with his or her physician, must apply for coverage of the device. If a patient is found eligible and medically fit to use our ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton device, we first enter into a rental agreement which allows the patient the necessary period to train on how to use the device which usually takes between 3 to 6 months and then, after approval from the insurer, the patient receives a personal device to use at home and in the community. If a patient is found eligible and medically fit to use our ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton device, we first enter into a rental agreement which allows the patient the necessary period to train on how to use the device which usually takes between 3 to 6 months and then, after approval from the insurer, the patient receives a personal device to use at home and in the community.
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In February 2025, we finalized an agreement with BARMER to formalize the reimbursement process for the provision of ReWalk exoskeletons to medically eligible beneficiaries. With the completion of the BARMER contract, approximately 45% of the 70 million people in Germany covered by Statutory Health Insurance now have coverage policies with a defined reimbursement process for personal exoskeletons. With the completion of the BARMER contract, approximately 45% of the 70 million people in Germany covered by Statutory Health Insurance now have coverage policies with a defined reimbursement process for personal exoskeletons. We are currently working with several additional SHIs and PHIs on securing a formal operating contract that will establish the process of obtaining a ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton for their beneficiaries within their system. We are currently working with several additional SHIs and PHIs on securing a formal operating contract that will establish the process of obtaining a ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton for their beneficiaries within their system.
As of December 31, 2025, there were 49 insurance cases pending in Germany. We believe that our recent coverage decisions and the existing claims will eventually lead other German insurers to provide coverage on a broader scale, but this is not guaranteed. For more information, see “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to our Business and our Industry— We may fail to secure or maintain adequate insurance coverage or reimbursement for our products by third-party payors which risk may be heightened if insurers find the products to be investigational or experimental or if new government regulations change existing reimbursement policies. Additionally, such coverage or reimbursement, even if maintained, may not produce revenue that is high enough to allow us to sell our products profitably.”
We continue to support clinical research and academic publications, which we believe will further support the case for coverage.
We have distribution agreements in several European countries where we also had success with reimbursement by private insurers and worker’s compensation. One of the examples was achieved in March 2018, when the Italian Ministry of Labor and Social Policy’s statutory insurance corporation put in place a coverage policy that will provide exoskeleton systems for all qualifying beneficiaries. This policy, the first of its kind in Italy, provides individuals with spinal cord injury access to obtain their own ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton device so that they can stand and walk again. Since the initiation of coverage, we have supplied 10 units through our Italian distributor to individuals covered by this policy.
Other Funding Sources
In addition to being funded by third-party payors, including private insurance plans, government programs such as the VHA, and workers’ compensation plans, ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton is also funded by self-payors. This includes individuals who purchase ReWalk with funds from legal settlements with insurance companies or third parties.
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AlterG Anti-Gravity System
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The DAP technology that underpins our AlterG Anti-Gravity technology originated from researchers at the NASA Moffet Field Research Center to help astronauts maintain their muscle strength and bone density during extended periods in space outside of the effects of earth’s gravity. The DAP technology was used to create a pressurized bubble that could exert pressure on an astronaut while exercising to simulate the impact of gravity. While the technology ultimately was never implemented by NASA, it also had promise for use on earth.
The DAP technology was modified by the founders of AlterG, Inc. for the opposite purpose of using the buoyancy of a pressurized air chamber to uniformly reduce gravitational load and body weight. With subsequent product development, the initial AlterG Anti-Gravity system design was supplemented with other complementary features. Our current models utilize a precise air calibration system which modulates the air pressure supporting the user 100 times a second to ensure precise and consistent weight displacement that allows for modification of the pressurized support in one-percent increments of each user’s weight. Additionally, the AlterG systems can be fitted with cameras for live video monitoring and pressure sensors that track the user’s gait pattern.
Our proprietary Stride Smart software can provide real-time data and analytics so that the user can watch and self-correct gait abnormalities. Clinicians also can simultaneously read and respond to five gait assessment key performance indicators (“KPIs”). The five KPIs include:
weight-bearing symmetry;
step length symmetry;
stance time symmetry;
cadence (stepping frequency); and
pain level.
The Stride Smart software provides clinicians with clear, objective data with which to assess, adjust, and modify a patient’s rehabilitation progress. Since Stride Smart collects and presents patient gait data automatically, clinicians can focus their efforts rehabbing the patient and selecting the data most useful to their gait analysis and correction recommendations.
Based on usage patterns and feedback of clinicians, we believe that the AlterG Anti-Gravity system provides a versatile tool for the rehabilitation of lower extremity injuries and conditions. By treating a broad range of conditions and facilitating faster recovery times, the AlterG Anti-Gravity system enables rehabilitation clinics the opportunity to gain more referrals, increase the throughput of the facility, and improve the productivity of the staff.
We offer a range of AlterG Anti-Gravity systems depending on the needs and budget of each customer as follows:
NEO – Introduced in 2024, this is the entry-level and most accessible model of Anti-Gravity system to enable increased adoption of Anti-Gravity technology across a broader range of clinics and training facilities. The NEO model delivers the same patented DAP technology with an updated platform and new electronic handrail height adjustment. The NEO model delivers the same patented DAP technology with an updated platform and new electronic handrail height adjustment. The NEO is equipped to run at up to 10 miles per hour (“mph”) in forward and 3 mph in reverse with a maximum incline of 15 degrees;
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NEO+ – The most versatile offering within the AlterG family builds upon the benefits of the NEO with added speed up to 12 mph and an integrated camera. The NEO+ also offers additional options for further customization, including a high-speed option of up to 15 mph and the addition of our Stride Smart gait analytics software package; and
PRO – The PRO is our top-of-the-line model for sports medicine and elite sports applications with utilization by professional and collegiate athletes. The PRO is designed for robust performance with a slat-belt design equipped to run at up to 18 mph in forward and 10 mph in reverse, with all software and speed options included as standard. The PRO is designed for robust performance with a slat-belt design equipped to run at up to 18 mph in forward and 10 mph in reverse, with all software and speed options included as standard.
In addition to sales of the AlterG Anti-Gravity systems, we also provide consumables and services that support the utilization of the installed base. For example, the AlterG systems require the users to wear proprietary shorts that zip the user into the air chamber to create the seal to maintain the air pressure. With frequent use, these shorts need to be periodically replaced. Additionally, we maintain a network of approximately 40 contract service engineers who perform the installation, maintenance, and repair work. As the 12-month assurance warranties expire, we market extended service contracts which can provide a recurring revenue base that can grow with the size of the installed base.
The potential market for AlterG Anti-Gravity systems is large and fragmented with several types of facilities that treat patients with conditions who could benefit from rehabilitation using partial weight displacement. According to the MedPAC 2025 Report, there are approximately 1,200 certified inpatient rehabilitation facilities in the U.S. These facilities treat patients with a range of conditions including stroke, lower extremity fractures, joint replacements, neurological conditions and brain injury, cardiac conditions, and other types of orthopaedic conditions. Depending on the specific details of each case, many of these patients are candidates for therapy using partial weight displacement. Globally, we estimate that there are approximately 3,500 inpatient rehabilitation facilities that are comparable in budget and quality of care to those in the U.S.
The largest potential market for the AlterG Anti-Gravity systems are outpatient clinics, some of which are in national and regional affiliations and most of which are independent facilities. According to the IBIS World Industry Report (which tracks the number of physical therapy rehabilitation centers), there were approximately 54,000 outpatient clinics in the U.S. in 2024. These facilities treat patients with less severe conditions than inpatient facilities with a greater mix of patients skewed towards lower extremity fractures, joint replacements, and other types of orthopedic conditions. Globally, we estimate that there are over 100,000 outpatient clinics based on scaling of population and standard of living that there are over 100,000 outpatient clinics. One other major segment of the market for AlterG systems consists of professional and elite level sports teams, including major university and college sports programs. These teams use the AlterG Anti-Gravity system to assist their players in maintaining higher levels of fitness and accelerating the recovery time from sports-related injuries. Based on our internal estimates of the market, we believe that there are approximately 1,400 sports programs in the U.S. who are potential AlterG customers. Globally, we estimate this figure to be greater than 4,000 teams.
ReStore Exo-Suit
In June 2017, we unveiled our lightweight ReStore Exo-Suit system designed initially for rehabilitation of stroke patients. The patented soft exo-suit technology was originally developed at Harvard University’s Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering (“Harvard”), where it also underwent initial clinical testing that demonstrated potential to improve walking for stroke survivors. The patented soft exo-suit technology was originally developed at Harvard University’s Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering (“Harvard”), where it also underwent initial clinical testing that demonstrated potential to improve walking for stroke survivors. ReWalk and Harvard entered into a multi-year research collaboration agreement in 2016 which provides ReWalk license to intellectual property relating to lightweight exo-suit system technologies for lower limb disabilities and provides access to future innovations that emerge from this collaboration and may be relevant to additional stroke products or other therapies. ReWalk and Harvard entered into a multi-year research collaboration agreement in 2016 which provides ReWalk license to intellectual property relating to lightweight exo-suit system technologies for lower limb disabilities and provides access to future innovations that emerge from this collaboration and may be relevant to additional stroke products or other therapies. The development and regulatory clearance process for ReStore took us approximately three years. We received FDA clearance for ReStore in June 2019, and also obtained a CE mark in May 2019. Following the regulatory clearances, we began to commercialize the ReStore product but because the ReStore product was not planned for MDR conformity we had to cease sales in the EU in May 2024. For more information on the collaboration with Harvard, see “Research and Development-Research and Development Collaborations.
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ReStore Exo-Suit
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The ReStore product consists of a soft, fabric-based design that connects to a lightweight waist pack and mechanical cables that help lift the patient’s affected leg in synchronized timing with their natural walking pattern. The lightweight structure wraps around the waist and supports an actuator with a motor, computer, and cable, along with sensors attached to a stable point on the user’s calf and footplate in the user’s shoe. This design provides targeted mechanical assistance to the patient’s ankle during forward propulsion (plantarflexion) and ground clearance (dorsiflexion), two key phases of the gait cycle. The ReStore system is designed to provide advantages to stroke rehabilitation clinics and therapists as compared to other traditional therapies and devices by enabling the therapist to specifically target and train for improved propulsion symmetry, which is a key contributor to improved walking speed and efficiency for patients recovering from stroke.
Published clinical trials comparing the use of the soft exo-suit design versus traditional rehabilitation training with stroke patients have shown varying levels of improvements, with the main ones being improved walking speed, improved propulsion symmetry, reductions in compensatory behaviors including paretic hip hiking and circumduction as well as reduction in metabolic burden associated with post stroke walking.
The main market for ReStore is rehabilitation clinics with a stroke therapy program or clinics that would like to broaden their stroke presence. This product is marketed and sold directly to rehabilitation clinics for use during the treatment of their patients which is generally reimbursed by commercial and government payors. This product is marketed and sold directly to rehabilitation clinics for use during the treatment of their patients which is generally reimbursed by commercial and government payors. During the second half of 2019 we expanded our sales and marketing presence in the United States to accelerate product penetration after receiving FDA clearance and CE mark. During the second half of 2019 we expanded our sales and marketing presence in the United States to accelerate product penetration after receiving FDA clearance and CE mark. These efforts were adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, as clinics and hospitals shifted resources and attention during the pandemic. During 2024, new research was published on the clinical efficacy using ReStore in stroke rehabilitation and we see this technology as a building block for future portfolio development.
Stroke incidence in the United States is estimated at approximately 800,000 cases per year, with roughly 75–80% of individuals surviving the acute event. Among stroke survivors, motor impairments are common, and an estimated 30–40% experience persistent lower-limb gait or mobility limitations requiring rehabilitation.
In the United States, individuals recovering from stroke receive therapy across inpatient rehabilitation facilities, hospital-based rehabilitation programs, and outpatient physical therapy clinics, representing several thousand sites of care nationwide.
With the clinical evidence we have to date on ReStore, its unique design and its cost-effectiveness compared to other products, we believe the ReStore soft exosuit has the potential to be adopted by clinics for use in the therapy of their stroke patients. However, we also recognize that the process to achieve this may be lengthy and will likely occur only once national or regional healthcare providers include the device within their stroke therapy programs. We also believe that accelerating adoption may require additional clinical evidence as well as continued education regarding the ReStore design and its potential advantages compared to existing therapies and products.
As of December 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, we had placed 48 and 43 ReStore units, respectively.
ReBoot Product
We are also in the research stage of ReBoot, a soft exoskeleton for stroke home and community use, and are currently evaluating the reimbursement landscape and the potential clinical impact of this device. This product would be a complementary product to ReStore, and it received Breakthrough Device Designation from the FDA in November 2021. The ReBoot is a lightweight, battery-powered exo-suit intended to assist ambulatory functions in individuals with reduced ankle function related to neurological injuries, such as stroke. This product would be a complementary product to ReStore, and it received Breakthrough Device Designation from the FDA in November 2021. The ReBoot is a lightweight, battery-powered exo-suit intended to assist ambulatory functions in individuals with reduced ankle function related to neurological injuries, such as stroke. The ReBoot is a customizable personalized device intended for home and community use with an estimated market of approximately 400,000 annual stroke patients who require walking assistance after being discharged home. The ReBoot is a customizable personalized device intended for home and community use with an estimated market of approximately 400,000 annual stroke patients who require walking assistance after being discharged home. Further investment in the development path of the ReBoot was paused in 2023 pending further determination about the clinical and commercial opportunity of this device and at this time it remains on hold.
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Sales and Marketing Activities
With added resources from acquiring AlterG, Inc., we have created a U.S. commercial team that we believe has the capacity and capabilities to support a broad range of physical and neurological rehabilitation products for use in facilities, the home and the community. As part of this integration, we have rebranded our company under the name Lifeward, to emphasize our commitment to pioneering a portfolio of innovative technologies to empower the pursuit of life’s ambitions in the face of physical limitation or disability. As part of this integration, we have rebranded our company under the name Lifeward, to emphasize our commitment to pioneering a portfolio of innovative technologies to empower the pursuit of life’s ambitions in the face of physical limitation or disability. For the sake of clarity, we will continue to use the ReWalk name to designate our line of exoskeleton products and the AlterG name to describe our line of Anti-Gravity systems. For the sake of clarity, we will continue to use the ReWalk name to designate our line of exoskeleton products and the AlterG name to describe our line of Anti-Gravity systems.
In the U.S., our commercial efforts are direct sales focused generally on rehabilitation centers, hospitals, rehabilitation clinics, and similar facilities that treat patients who could benefit from offerings within our portfolio of products. We market our facility-based products, such as the AlterG and the MyoCycle Pro to these institutions for their use in providing care to their patients. We also market our home-based products, such as the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton or MyoCycle Home, to physicians and physical therapists for referrals to individuals who could benefit from these devices as part of a home-based activity regimen that elevates the health and wellness of these individuals. Additionally, some sales of the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton or MyoCycle Home are also generated from referrals through the spinal cord injury community and direct inquiries from potential users through our different marketing efforts. Beyond healthcare facilities, we also market our AlterG systems to professional and college sports teams who use the systems to help their athletes recover from lower extremity sports injuries.
Outside the U.S., our distribution varies depending on the product and the geographic market. We market our ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton product directly in Germany and primarily through third-party distributors, who maintain the customer relationships, in our other markets. We market our ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton product directly in Germany and primarily through third-party distributors, who maintain the customer relationships, in our other markets. We market our AlterG systems directly in Canada, and in other territories utilize a network of over 40 third-party distributors who generally have exclusivity in their respective geographic territories. We market our AlterG systems directly in Canada, and in other territories utilize a network of over 40 third-party distributors who generally have exclusivity in their respective geographic territories.
As of December 31, 2025, we had placed 131 ReWalk Rehabilitation Exoskeleton units in use at rehabilitation centers and 778 ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton units in a home or community use, compared to 131 ReWalk Rehabilitation Exoskeleton units and 689 ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton units as of December 31, 2024. We estimate the installed base of AlterG systems is over 6,000 installed units worldwide as of December 31, 2025. With the finalization of the Medicare payment rates for exoskeletons that was effective April 1, 2024, we have begun to aggressively target the eligible Medicare customer base for growth while also continuing to focus on expanding commercial and other reimbursement coverage. Additionally, with our increased direct sales resources and distributor network, we also expect to further penetrate the base of facilities which could utilize AlterG systems for rehabilitation of their patients. Additionally, with our increased direct sales resources and distributor network, we also expect to greater penetrate the base of facilities which could utilize AlterG systems for rehabilitation of their patients.
Competition
The market in which we operate is characterized by active competition and rapid technological change, and we expect competition to increase. Competition arises from providers of other mobility systems and prosthetic devices used in the clinic and/or home settings. Competition arises from providers of other mobility systems and prosthetic devices used in the clinic and/or home settings.
We are aware of several other companies developing competing technology and devices, and some of these competitors may have greater resources, greater name recognition, broader product lines, or larger customer bases than we do.
In the market for anti-gravity rehabilitation systems, our AlterG systems compete with other treadmill-based rehabilitation technologies offered by various medical device and rehabilitation equipment manufacturers, including systems offered by companies such as BTL Industries and other providers of rehabilitation treadmills and gait-training technologies used in clinical rehabilitation and sports performance settings. We believe that our AlterG systems differentiate themselves through their proprietary Differential Air Pressure technology, which allows precise and comfortable body-weight support during rehabilitation and athletic training.
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Our principal competitors in the medical exoskeleton market consist of Ekso Bionics (NASDAQ: EKSO), Rex Bionics Pty, Cyberdyne (Tokyo Stock Exchange: 7779), FREE Bionics, DIH (formerly known as Hocoma), Wandercraft, and Bioness (acquired by Bioventus (NASDAQ: BVS)). The competitors’ products may also compete with the ReStore Exo-Suit, as well as manual forms of gait training which do not involve robotic assistive devices.
We believe that our ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton possesses key competitive advantages over these companies’ products, such as our tilt-sensor technology that provides a self-initiated walking experience, six degrees of freedom which enable a more natural gait, the ability to support its own weight, and robust durability in real-world conditions. In addition, ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton is the only medical exoskeleton with FDA and CE clearance for use on stairs and curbs, which greatly improves the ability to use the device in everyday real-world environments. In addition, ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton is the only medical exoskeleton with FDA and CE clearance for use on stairs and curbs, which greatly improves the ability to use the device in everyday real-world environments.
We believe that our ReStore Exo-Suit device has several competitive advantages over the products of our competitors, including a design that facilitates a natural, functional walking pattern through flexible materials, sensors, and powered plantarflexion as well as dorsiflexion, making it the only solution of its type of which we are aware of that supports such movements, achieving that with a lower cost and weight than rigid exoskeletal devices.
In addition, we are aware of a number of academic and early stage research into exoskeletons for various applications. Other medical device or robotics companies, academic and research institutions, or others may develop new technologies or therapies that provide a superior walking experience, are more effective in treating the secondary medical conditions that we target or are less expensive than our current or future products. Other medical device or robotics companies, academic and research institutions, or others may develop new technologies or therapies that provide a superior walking experience, are more effective in treating the secondary medical conditions that we target or are less expensive than our current or future products. Our technologies and products could be rendered obsolete by such developments.
We may also compete with other treatments and technologies that address the secondary medical conditions that ReWalk seeks to mitigate.
Community Engagement and Education
We devote significant resources to engagement with and education of the spinal cord injury community with respect to the benefits of our SCI Products. We actively seek opportunities to partner with hospitals, rehabilitation centers and key opinion leaders to engage in research and development and clinical activities. We also seek to educate and gain support from organizations such as patient advocacy groups and clinician societies with the goal of promoting adoption of exoskeleton technology from patient, clinician, and payor communities. We also seek to educate and gain support from organizations such as patient advocacy groups and clinician societies with the goal of promoting adoption of exoskeleton technology from patient, clinician, and payor communities. We believe that our success has been and will continue to be driven in part by our reputation and acceptance within the spinal cord injury community. We believe that our success has been and will continue to be driven in part by our reputation and acceptance within the spinal cord injury community.
To date, multiple advocacy groups have issued public endorsements of the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton, including leading United States-based national organizations such as the United Spinal Association and the Dana and Christopher Reeves Foundation, as well as others. In addition, the National Institute for Health and Care excellence in the United Kingdom (also known as “NICE”) has issued a public announcement regarding the ReStore device.
Services and Customer Support
Our commercial centers of operations in Hudson, Massachusetts and Berlin, Germany coordinate all customer support and product service functions for North America and Europe, respectively, through dedicated technical service personnel who provide product services and customer support through training to healthcare providers and support to product users.
Research and Development
We are committed to investing in a robust research and development program to support our current product line and to potentially develop our pipeline of new and complementary products, and we believe that ongoing research and development efforts are essential to our success. Our research and development team consists of both in-house and external staff, including engineers, machinists, researchers and marketing, quality, manufacturing, regulatory and clinical personnel, which we employ as efficiently as possible meet our current and future needs, and who work closely together to design, enhance, and validate our technologies. Our research and development team consists of both in-house and external staff, including engineers, machinists, researchers and marketing, quality, manufacturing, regulatory and clinical personnel, which we employ as efficiently as possible meet our current and future needs, and who work closely together to design, enhance, and validate our technologies. This research and development team conceptualizes technologies and then builds and tests prototypes before refining and/or redesigning, as necessary. This research and development team conceptualizes technologies and then builds and tests prototypes before refining and/or redesigning, as necessary. Our regulatory and clinical personnel work in parallel with engineers and researchers, allowing us to anticipate and resolve potential issues at early stages in the development cycle. Our regulatory and clinical personnel work in parallel with engineers and researchers, allowing us to anticipate and resolve potential issues at early stages in the development cycle. Our level of research and development investment depends on our available resources, business plans, and future needs. For more information, see “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry — Our future growth and operating results will depend on our ability to develop, receive regulatory clearance for, and commercialize new products and penetrate new product and geographic markets. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry — Our future growth and operating results will depend on our ability to develop, receive regulatory clearance for, and commercialize new products and penetrate new product and geographic markets.
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We have implemented product design improvements for the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton, including enhancements incorporated into the ReWalk 7 system, which received regulatory clearance and has been commercially launched.
In the longer term we are conducting research on our next generation exoskeleton with design improvements and advanced robotic technologies such as AI and sensor fusion. New medical indications impacting the ability to walk that we may pursue include multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, Parkinson’s disease, and assistance for elderly individuals.
We are also considering new generations of anti-gravity systems utilizing our DAP technology, including the NEO which was introduced in 2024 as an entry-level and most accessible model of Anti-Gravity™ system to enable increased adoption of Anti-Gravity™ technology across a broader range of clinics and training facilities. Additionally, we are evaluating other applications for DAP technology to create entirely new rehabilitation systems for our facility-based customers. Additionally, we are evaluating other applications for DAP technology to create entirely new rehabilitation systems for our facility-based customers.
We conduct our research and development efforts mainly at our facility in Yokneam, Israel. We believe that the close interaction among our research and development and manufacturing groups allows for timely and effective realization of our new product concepts. We believe that the close interaction among our research and development and manufacturing groups allows for timely and effective realization of our new product concepts.
Our research and development efforts have been financed, in part, through funding from the Israel Innovation Authority (formerly known as Office of the Chief Scientist in the Israel Ministry of Economy) (the “IIA”). From our inception through December 31, 2025, we received funding totaling $2.8 million from the IIA. For more information regarding our research and development financing arrangements, see “Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources” and “—Grants and Other Funding.”
Research and Development Collaborations
On April 1, 2022, we entered a research and development cooperation agreement with several companies and universities in the Human Robot Interaction (“HRI”) Consortium, part of the IIA’s MAGNET incentive program. This incentive program provides grants for R&D collaboration as part of a consortium comprised of private businesses and leading academic centers. The goals of the HRI consortium are to “develop advanced technologies aimed at providing robots with social capabilities, enabling them to carry out various tasks and effective interactions with different users in diverse operational environments. The goals of the HRI consortium are to “develop advanced technologies aimed at providing robots with social capabilities, enabling them to carry out various tasks and effective interactions with different users in diverse operational environments. ” The total program has a budget of NIS 57 million, which includes funding for research and development grants to help drive technological innovation.” The total program has a budget of NIS 57 million, which includes funding for research and development grants to help drive technological innovation. The Consortium is a 3-year program which has allocated NIS 1.745 million to fund ReWalk-specific projects over the first 18-month period of the program. In November 2023, we entered the second 18-month period of the program, the Consortium has allocated NIS 1.336 million to fund ReWalk-specific projects over the second 18-month period. As of December 31, 2025, the Company spent total funds in the amount of NIS 3.0 million. As of December 31, 2024, the Company spent total funds in the amount of NIS 2.903 million. As a member of the HRI Consortium, we collaborate with several universities to develop advanced technologies aimed at improving the human-exoskeleton interaction. This research collaboration with top researchers in the fields of robotics, behavioral sciences and human-computer interaction will seek to make the use of exoskeletons easier and more natural to promote wider adoption of the technology. This research collaboration with top researchers in the fields of robotics, behavioral sciences and human-computer interaction will seek to make the use of exoskeletons easier and more natural to promote wider adoption of the technology.
On May 16, 2016, we entered into the Research Collaboration Agreement (“Collaboration Agreement”) and the Exclusive License Agreement (“Harvard License Agreement”) with Harvard. Under the Collaboration Agreement, we and Harvard agreed to collaborate on research regarding the development of lightweight soft suit exoskeleton system technologies for lower limb disabilities, which are intended to treat stroke, multiple sclerosis, mobility limitations for the elderly and other medical applications. Under the Collaboration Agreement, we paid Harvard quarterly installment payments to help fund the research. Subject to the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, we and Harvard were required to report our respective research results and findings to each other on a regular basis. Subject to the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, we and Harvard were required to report our respective research results and findings to each other on a regular basis. The Collaboration Agreement governed ownership of the research results and inventions generated in performance of the research collaboration and provided us the option to negotiate with Harvard for a license to certain new inventions of Harvard conceived in performance of the collaboration. The Collaboration Agreement governed ownership of the research results and inventions generated in performance of the research collaboration and provided us the option to negotiate with Harvard for a license to certain new inventions of Harvard conceived in performance of the collaboration. The Collaboration Agreement concluded on March 31, 2022.

Under the Harvard License Agreement, we have been granted an exclusive, worldwide royalty-bearing license under certain patents of Harvard relating to lightweight “soft suit” exoskeleton system technologies for lower limb disabilities, a royalty-free license under certain related know-how and the option to obtain a license to certain inventions conceived under our joint research collaboration. Harvard retains the right to practice the patents for research, educational and scholarly purposes. We are required to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop products under the Harvard License Agreement in accordance with an agreed-upon development plan and to introduce and market such products commercially. In addition to an upfront fee and royalties on net sales, we are obligated to pay Harvard certain milestone payments upon the achievement of certain product development and commercialization milestones. We have also agreed to reimburse Harvard for expenses incurred in connection with the filing, prosecution, and maintenance of the licensed patents.

The Harvard License Agreement will continue in full force and effect until the expiration of the last-to-expire valid claim of the licensed patents, or it is terminated in accordance with its terms. We may terminate the License Agreement for any reason upon 60 days’ prior written notice, while Harvard may terminate the License Agreement if we do not maintain requisite insurance or become insolvent. The Harvard License Agreement may also be terminated by Harvard or us due to the other party’s material uncured breach. The Harvard License Agreement contains, as applicable, customary representations and warranties and customary enforcement, indemnification, and insurance provisions. The Harvard License Agreement contains, as applicable, customary representations and warranties and customary enforcement, indemnification, and insurance provisions.

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Intellectual Property
Protection of our intellectual property is important to our business. We seek to protect our intellectual property through a combination of patents, trademarks, confidentiality, and assignment agreements with our employees and certain of our contractors and confidentiality agreements with certain of our consultants, scientific advisors and other vendors and contractors. In addition, we rely on trade secrets law to protect our proprietary software and product candidates/products in development. In addition, we rely on trade secret law to protect our proprietary software and product candidates/products in development.
In addition to our portfolio of issued patents and pending patent applications, we license certain patented and patented pending technology from a third party as described above under the “Research and Development” section.
For our ReWalk product line, as of December 31, 2025, we have 12 issued patents in the United States and 34 issued patents outside of the United States, as well as 7 pending patent applications for our technology in the United States, China, and Europe, including one pending international PCT application. For our patents associated with DAP and other AlterG technology, as of December 31, 2025, we have 30 issued patents in the United States and 7 patents issued outside the United States, as well as 2 pending patent applications for anti-gravity associated technology in the United States and one pending international PCT application. For our patents associated with DAP and other AlterG technology, as of December 31, 2024, we have 28 issued patents in the United States and 9 patents issued outside the United States, as well as 10 pending patent applications for anti-gravity associated technology in the United States.
In the United States and Europe, we have apparatus patent claims covering aspects of both our exoskeleton and our anti-gravity products and similar devices or systems, which focus on protecting our products in terms of structural characteristics and functionality. Moreover, we also have method patent claims covering certain methods of operation and control of our exoskeleton and anti-gravity products, which provide additional protection for our technology. We do not currently license any of the technology contained in our currently commercialized ReWalk and AlterG products, other than with respect to technology that is generally publicly available, but we may do so in the future.
Patents filed both in the United States and Europe (as well as other countries) generally have a term of 20 years from their earliest effective filing date, although they can be slightly longer depending upon a local jurisdiction’s rules and laws. For example, the oldest of our issued patents relating to our tilt-sensor technology was filed in May 2001 in the United States and would typically expire in May 2021. However, this patent actually expired in April of 2023 due to patent term adjustment (PTA) of 689 days for delays in examination by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. For example, the oldest of our issued patents relating to our tilt-sensor technology was filed in May 2001 in the United States and would typically expire in May 2021. However, this patent actually expired in April of 2023 due to patent term adjustment (PTA) of 689 days for delays in examination by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
We currently hold a registered trademark in the United States, Europe, Israel, and the United Kingdom, for the mark ReWalk®. We currently hold a registered trademark in United States, Europe and the United Kingdom for the mark ReStore®. We currently hold the trademarks Alter G™ and Anti-Gravity Treadmill™ in the United States, Canada and Japan. The trademark Alter G™ is also held in the United Kingdom and Europe. We currently hold the registered trademark Defy Gravity® in the United States. We also hold a registered trademark for Lifeward® in the Europe, the United Kingdom, and Israel. The application to register the trademark Lifeward™ is pending in the United States.
We cannot be sure that our intellectual property will provide us with a competitive advantage especially as some of our older patents begin to expire, or that we will not infringe on the intellectual property rights of others. In addition, we cannot be sure that any patents will be granted in a timely manner or at all with respect to any of our patent pending applications. For a more comprehensive discussion of the risks related to our intellectual property, see “Part I, Item 1A. For a more comprehensive discussion of the risks related to our intellectual property, see “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property.”
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Government Regulation
U.S. Regulation
Our medical products and manufacturing operations are regulated by the FDA and other federal and state agencies. Our products are regulated as medical devices in the United States under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or the FFDCA, as implemented and enforced by the FDA. Our products are regulated as medical devices in the United States under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or the FFDCA, as implemented and enforced by the FDA. The FDA regulates the development, testing, manufacturing, labeling, storage, installation, servicing, advertising, promotion, marketing, distribution, import, export, and market surveillance of our medical devices. The FDA regulates the development, testing, manufacturing, labeling, storage, installation, servicing, advertising, promotion, marketing, distribution, import, export, and market surveillance of our medical devices.
Premarket Regulatory Requirements
Unless an exemption applies, each medical device commercially distributed in the United States requires either FDA clearance of a 510(k) premarket notification, approval of a premarket approval application (PMA), or issuance of a de novo classification order. Under the FFDCA, medical devices are classified into one of three classes—Class I, Class II or Class III—depending on the degree of risk associated with each medical device and the extent of control needed to provide reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness. Under the FFDCA, medical devices are classified into one of three classes—Class I, Class II or Class III—depending on the degree of risk associated with each medical device and the extent of control needed to provide reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness. Classification of a device is important because the class to which a device is assigned determines, among other things, the necessity and type of FDA review required prior to marketing the device. Class I devices are those for which reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness can be assured by adherence to general controls that include compliance with the applicable portions of the FDA’s Quality Management System Regulation, or QMSR, facility registration and product listing, reporting of adverse medical events, and appropriate, truthful and non-misleading labeling, advertising, and promotional materials. Class I devices are those for which reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness can be assured by adherence to general controls that include compliance with the applicable portions of the FDA’s Quality System Regulation, or QSR, facility registration and product listing, reporting of adverse medical events, and appropriate, truthful and non-misleading labeling, advertising, and promotional materials. Class I also includes devices for which there is insufficient information to determine that general controls are sufficient to provide reasonable assurance of the safety and effectiveness of the device or to establish special controls to provide such assurance, but that are not life-supporting or life-sustaining or for a use which is of substantial importance in preventing impairment of human health, and that do not present a potential unreasonable risk of illness of injury. Class I also includes devices for which there is insufficient information to determine that general controls are sufficient to provide reasonable assurance of the safety and effectiveness of the device or to establish special controls to provide such assurance, but that are not life-supporting or life-sustaining or for a use which is of substantial importance in preventing impairment of human health, and that do not present a potential unreasonable risk of illness of injury.
Class II devices are those for which general controls alone are insufficient to provide reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness and there is sufficient information to establish “special controls.” These special controls can include performance standards, post-market surveillance, and patient registries. While most Class I devices are exempt from the 510(k) premarket notification requirement, most Class II devices require a 510(k) premarket notification to be marketed in the U.S. As a result, manufacturers of most Class II devices are required to submit to the FDA premarket notifications under Section 510(k) of the FFDCA in order to market or commercially distribute those devices. To obtain 510(k) clearance, manufacturers must demonstrate that the proposed device is “substantially equivalent” to a predicate device already on the market. A predicate device is a legally marketed device that is not subject to premarket approval, or PMA, meaning, (i) a device that was legally marketed prior to May 28, 1976 (pre-amendments device) and for which a PMA is not required, (ii) a device that has been reclassified from Class III to Class II or I, or (iii) a device that was found substantially equivalent through the 510(k) process. A predicate device is a legally marketed device that is not subject to premarket approval, or PMA, meaning, (i) a device that was legally marketed prior to May 28, 1976 (pre-amendments device) and for which a PMA is not required, (ii) a device that has been reclassified from Class III to Class II or I, or (iii) a device that was found substantially equivalent through the 510(k) process. If the FDA agrees that the device is substantially equivalent to a predicate device currently on the market, it will grant 510(k) clearance to commercially market the device. If the device is not “substantially equivalent” to a previously cleared device, the device is automatically a Class III device. The device sponsor must then fulfill more rigorous premarket approval requirements or can request a risk-based classification determination for the device in accordance with the “de novo” classification process, which is a route to market for medical devices that are low to moderate risk but are not substantially equivalent to a predicate device. The device sponsor must then fulfill more rigorous premarket approval requirements or can request a risk-based classification determination for the device in accordance with the “de novo” classification process, which is a route to market for medical devices that are low to moderate risk but are not substantially equivalent to a predicate device.
Devices that are intended to be life sustaining or life supporting, devices that are implantable, devices that present a potential unreasonable risk of harm or are of substantial importance in preventing impairment of health, and devices that are not substantially equivalent to a predicate device are placed in Class III and generally require approval of a PMA, unless the device is a pre-amendment device not yet subject to a regulation requiring premarket approval. The PMA process is more demanding than the 510(k) premarket notification process. In a PMA, the manufacturer must demonstrate that the device is safe and effective, and the PMA must be supported by extensive data, including data from preclinical studies and clinical trials. In a PMA, the manufacturer must demonstrate that the device is safe and effective, and the PMA must be supported by extensive data, including data from preclinical studies and clinical trials. The PMA must also contain a full description of the device and its components, a full description of the methods, facilities and controls used for manufacturing, and proposed labeling. Following receipt of a PMA, the FDA determines whether the application is sufficiently complete to permit a substantive review. If the FDA accepts the application for review, it has 180 days under the FFDCA to complete its review of a PMA, although in practice, the FDA’s review often takes significantly longer and can take one year or more. If the FDA accepts the application for review, it has 180 days under the FFDCA to complete its review of a PMA, although in practice, the FDA’s review often takes significantly longer and can take one year or more.
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Clinical trials are almost always required to support PMAs and are sometimes required to support 510(k) submissions. All clinical investigations of devices to determine safety and effectiveness must be conducted in accordance with the FDA’s investigational device exemption, or IDE, regulations that govern investigational device labeling, prohibit promotion of the investigational device, and specify recordkeeping, reporting and monitoring responsibilities of study sponsors and study investigators. All clinical investigations of devices to determine safety and effectiveness must be conducted in accordance with the FDA’s investigational device exemption, or IDE, regulations that govern investigational device labeling, prohibit promotion of the investigational device, and specify recordkeeping, reporting and monitoring responsibilities of study sponsors and study investigators. If the device presents a “significant risk,” as defined by the FDA, the agency requires the device sponsor to submit an IDE application to the FDA, which must become effective prior to commencing human clinical trials. The IDE will automatically become effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA denies the application or notifies the company that the investigation may not begin. If the FDA determines that there are deficiencies or other concerns with an IDE that require modification of the study, the FDA may permit a clinical trial to proceed under a conditional approval. In addition, the study must be approved by, and conducted under the oversight of, an Institutional Review Board, or IRB, for each clinical site. In addition, the study must be approved by, and conducted under the oversight of, an Institutional Review Board, or IRB, for each clinical site. If the device presents a non-significant risk to the patient, a sponsor may begin the clinical trial after obtaining approval for the trial by one or more IRBs without separate approval from the FDA, but must still comply with abbreviated IDE requirements, such as monitoring the investigation, ensuring that the investigators obtain informed consent, and labeling and record-keeping requirements. If the device presents a non-significant risk to the patient, a sponsor may begin the clinical trial after obtaining approval for the trial by one or more IRBs without separate approval from the FDA, but must still comply with abbreviated IDE requirements, such as monitoring the investigation, ensuring that the investigators obtain informed consent, and labeling and record-keeping requirements.
In June 2014, the FDA granted our request for “de novo” classification, and classified ReWalk as a Class II powered exoskeleton device subject to special controls. The ReWalk is intended to enable individuals with spinal cord injuries to perform ambulatory functions under supervision of a specially trained companion, and inside rehabilitation institutions. The special controls established in the de novo classification order for all powered exoskeleton devices include the following: clinical testing to demonstrate safe and effective use considering the level of supervision necessary and the use environment; non-clinical safety and performance testing, including durability testing to demonstrate that the device performs as intended under anticipated conditions of use; a training program; and labeling related to device use and user training. The special controls established in the de novo classification order for all powered exoskeleton devices include the following: clinical testing to demonstrate safe and effective use considering the level of supervision necessary and the use environment; non-clinical safety and performance testing, including durability testing to demonstrate that the device performs as intended under anticipated conditions of use; a training program; and labeling related to device use and user training. The special controls of this de novo order also apply to competing powered exoskeleton products seeking FDA clearance. The special controls of this de novo order also apply to competing powered exoskeleton products seeking FDA clearance.
In June 2019, the FDA issued a 510(k) clearance for ReStore, which means that the device can be marketed in the U.S. ReStore is intended to be used to assist ambulatory functions in rehabilitation institutions under the supervision of a trained therapist for people with hemiplegia or hemiparesis due to stroke. ReStore complies with special controls for powered exoskeletons as described above. ReStore complies with special controls for powered exoskeletons as described above. In order for us to market ReStore and ReWalk, we must comply with both these special controls as well as general controls, including controls related to quality, facility registration, reporting of adverse events and labelling. Failure to comply with the general and special controls could lead to removal of ReStore or ReWalk from the market, which would have a material adverse effect on our business.
In March 2023, we received 510(k) clearance for the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton with an indication for standing and walking on level surfaces and mild slopes and ascending and descending stairs and curbs. In June 2024, we submitted a 510(k) premarket notification for the ReWalk 7 Personal Exoskeleton, a next-generation ReWalk model, and the 510(k) was cleared by FDA in March 2025.
For more information, see “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors-Risks Related to Government Regulation-We are subject to extensive governmental regulations relating to the manufacturing, labelling and marketing of our products, and a failure to comply with such regulations could lead to withdrawal or recall of our products from the market. Risk Factors-Risks Related to Government Regulation-We are subject to extensive governmental regulations relating to the manufacturing, labelling and marketing of our products, and a failure to comply with such regulations could lead to withdrawal or recall of our products from the market.
Expedited Development and Review Programs
FDA’s Breakthrough Devices Program is a voluntary program offered to manufacturers of certain medical devices and device-led combination products that may provide for more effective treatment or diagnosis of life-threatening or irreversibly debilitating diseases or conditions. The goal of the program is to provide patients and health care providers with more timely access to qualifying devices by expediting their development, assessment and review, while preserving the statutory standards for marketing authorization. The goal of the program is to provide patients and health care providers with more timely access to qualifying devices by expediting their development, assessment and review, while preserving the statutory standards for marketing authorization.
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The program is available to medical devices that meet certain eligibility criteria, including that the device provides more effective treatment or diagnosis of life-threatening or irreversibly debilitating diseases or conditions, and that the device meets one of the following criteria: (i) the device represents a breakthrough technology, (ii) no approved or cleared alternatives exist, (iii) the device offers significant advantages over existing approved or cleared alternatives, or (iv) the availability of the device is in the best interest of patients. Breakthrough Device designation provides certain benefits to device developers, including more interactive and timely communications with FDA staff, use of post market data collection, when scientifically appropriate, to facilitate expedited and efficient development and review of the device, opportunities for efficient and flexible clinical study design, and prioritized review of premarket submissions. Breakthrough Device designation provides certain benefits to device developers, including more interactive and timely communications with FDA staff, use of post market data collection, when scientifically appropriate, to facilitate expedited and efficient development and review of the device, opportunities for efficient and flexible clinical study design, and prioritized review of premarket submissions.
Post-Market Regulatory Requirements
After a device is cleared for marketing, numerous regulatory requirements apply. These include:
establishment registration and device listing;
development of a quality assurance system, including establishing and implementing procedures to design and manufacture devices;
labeling regulations that prohibit the promotion of products for unapproved or “off-label” uses and impose other restrictions on labeling;
FDA’s Unique Device Identification requirements that call for a unique device identifier (UDI) on device labels and packages and submission of data to the FDA’s Global Unique Device Identification Database (GUDID);
medical device reporting regulations that require manufacturers to report to the FDA if a device may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury or malfunctioned in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury if it were to recur; and corrections and removal reporting regulations that require manufacturers report to the FDA field corrections and product recalls or removals if undertaken to reduce a risk to health posed by the device or to remedy a violation of the FFDCA that may present a risk to health; and
post-market surveillance.
Our manufacturing processes are required to comply with the applicable portions of the FDA’s Quality Management System Regulation (“QMSR”) that covers the methods and the facilities and controls for the design, manufacture, testing, production, processes, controls, quality assurance, labeling, packaging, distribution, installation, and servicing of finished devices intended for human use. The QMSR became effective in February 2026 and replaced the Quality System Regulation (“QSR”). The QMSR incorporates by reference the international standard for medical device quality management systems set by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO 13485:2016. We actively maintain compliance with the FDA’s QMSR, and the European Union’s Quality Management Systems requirements, ISO 13485:2016.
As a manufacturer, we are subject to periodic scheduled or unscheduled inspections by the FDA. If the FDA believes we or any of our contract manufacturers are not in compliance with the quality system requirements, or other post-market requirements, it has significant enforcement authority. If the FDA believes we or any of our contract manufacturers are not in compliance with the quality system requirements, or other post-market requirements, it has significant enforcement authority. Specifically, if the FDA determines that we failed to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, it can take a variety of compliance or enforcement actions, which may result in any of the following sanctions:
untitled letters, warning letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties;
customer notifications or repair, replacement, or refunds;
recalls, withdrawals, or administrative detention or seizure of our products;
operating restrictions or partial suspension or total shutdown of production;
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refusing or delaying requests for approval of pre-market approval applications relating to new products or modified products;
withdrawing PMA approval;
refusal to grant export approvals for our products; or
pursuing criminal prosecution.
Any such action by the FDA would have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, these regulatory controls, as well as any changes in FDA policies, can affect the time and cost associated with the development, introduction, and continued availability of new products. In addition, these regulatory controls, as well as any changes in FDA policies, can affect the time and cost associated with the development, introduction, and continued availability of new products. Where possible, we anticipate these factors in our product development processes.
Regulation Outside of the U.S.
In addition to the United States regulations, we are subject to a variety of foreign regulations governing clinical trials, manufacturing and commercial sales and distribution of our products. In the E.U., medical devices are regulated by the European Union Medical Devices Regulation (EU) 2017/745 or MDR, which became applicable on May 26, 2021, and replaced the E.U. Medical Devices Directive 93/42/EEC, or MDD. The MDR and its associated guidance documents and harmonized standards, govern, among other things, device design and development, preclinical and clinical or performance testing, premarket conformity assessment, registration, manufacturing, labeling, claims, distribution, export and import and post-market surveillance, vigilance, and market surveillance.
Before a device can be placed on the market in the E.U., compliance with the MDR requirements must be demonstrated in order to affix the CE mark to the product., compliance with the MDR requirements must be demonstrated in order to affix the CE mark to the product. The method of assessing conformity varies depending on the class of the product but normally involves a combination of self-assessment by the manufacturer and a third-party assessment by a “Notified Body.” This third-party assessment may consist of an audit of the manufacturer’s quality system or specific testing of the manufacturer’s product. The Notified Body issues a CE Certificate of Conformity to confirm successful completion of a conformity assessment procedure conducted in relation to the medical device and its manufacturer and their conformity with the essential requirements provided in the MDR. The Notified Body issues a CE Certificate of Conformity to confirm successful completion of a conformity assessment procedure conducted in relation to the medical device and its manufacturer and their conformity with the essential requirements provided in the MDR. Under transitional provisions provided in the MDR, medical devices that had valid CE Certificates of Conformity issued under the MDD prior to May 26, 2021 and that remained valid (and not withdrawn) on March 20, 2023, can continue to be placed on the EEA market until the end of December 2027 or 2028 (depending on the class of device), provided the device’s manufacturer complies with certain requirements, including that there are no significant changes in the design and intended purpose of the applicable device. Under transitional provisions provided in the MDR, medical devices that had valid CE Certificates of Conformity issued under the MDD prior to May 26, 2021 and that remained valid (and not withdrawn) on March 20, 2023, can continue to be placed on the EEA market until the end of December 2027 or 2028 (depending on the class of device), provided the device’s manufacturer complies with certain requirements, including that there are no significant changes in the design and intended purpose of the applicable device. After the expiry of any applicable transitional period, only devices that have been CE marked on the basis of the MDR may be placed on the market in the EEA. After the expiry of any applicable transitional period, only devices that have been CE marked on the basis of the MDR may be placed on the market in the EEA. We comply with the E.U. requirements and have received a Notified Body Certificate of Conformity under the MDR for ReWalk 7 Personal Exoskeleton. Prior models of our ReWalk system are CE marked under the MDD and continue to be placed on the EU market in compliance with the MDR transitional provisions. The ReStore product was not planned for MDR conformity and accordingly, we had to cease sales of the ReStore in the E.U. in May 2024.
Following the U.K.’s exit from the E.U. (known as “Brexit”), the MDR applies in Northern Ireland but does not apply in Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales). The medical device legislative framework in Great Britain is set out in the Medical Devices Regulations 2002, as amended. The medical device legislative framework in the United Kingdom is set out in the Medical Devices Regulations 2002, as amended. These regulations are based on the previous medical device directives of the E. These regulations are based on the previous medical device directives of the E. U. but modified to operate independently of E.U. law. The Medical Devices Regulations 2002 contain certain Great Britan-specific requirements, including the introduction of the UK Conformity Assessed, or UKCA, marking (although E.U. CE marks will be recognized potentially up until June 2030 or later (subject to further consultation)), the requirement for manufacturers located outside of the U.K. to appoint a “UK Responsible Person” if they place devices on the Great Britain market, and expanded device registration requirements.
Sales in other jurisdictions are subject to the foreign government regulations of the relevant jurisdiction, and in most cases, we must obtain approval by the appropriate regulatory authorities before we can commence clinical trials or marketing activities in those countries. The approval process varies from country to country, and the time may be longer or shorter than that required to obtain a marketing authorization in the United States or the CE mark in the E. The approval process varies from country to country, and the time may be longer or shorter than that required to obtain a marketing authorization in the United States or the CE mark in the E. U. The requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, product licensing, pricing and reimbursement vary greatly from country to country.
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The policies of the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities may change, and additional government regulations may be enacted that could prevent or delay regulatory approval of our products and could also increase the cost of regulatory compliance. We cannot predict the likelihood, nature, or extent of adverse governmental regulation that might arise from future legislative or administrative action, either in the United States or abroad.
U.S. Anti-Kickback, False Claims and Other Healthcare Fraud and Abuse Laws
In the United States, there are federal and state anti-kickback laws that prohibit the payment or receipt of kickbacks, bribes or other remuneration intended to induce the purchase or recommendation of healthcare products and services. Violations of these laws can lead to civil and criminal penalties, including exclusion from participation in federal healthcare programs. These laws apply to manufacturers of products, such as us, with respect to our financial relationship with hospitals, physicians and other potential purchasers or acquirers of our products. These laws apply to manufacturers of products, such as us, with respect to our financial relationship with hospitals, physicians and other potential purchasers or acquirers of our products. The U.S. government has published regulations that identify “safe harbors” or exemptions for certain practices from enforcement actions under the federal anti-kickback statute, and we will seek to comply with the safe harbors where possible. The federal anti-kickback law also contains several statutory safe harbors. To qualify for a safe harbor, the activity must fit squarely within the safe harbor. Arrangements that do not meet a safe harbor are not necessarily illegal but must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. A person or entity may be found to violate the anti-kickback statute even absent actual knowledge of this statute or specific intent to violate it. A person or entity may be found to violate the anti-kickback statute even absent actual knowledge of this statute or specific intent to violate it. In addition, the government may assert that a claim that includes items or services resulting from a violation of the federal anti-kickback statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the federal False Claims Act (“FCA”). In addition, the government may assert that a claim that includes items or services resulting from a violation of the federal anti-kickback statute constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the federal False Claims Act (“FCA”).
The civil FCA prohibits, among other things, any person or entity from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment to, or approval by, the federal government, knowingly making, using, or causing to be made or used a false record or statement material to a false or fraudulent claim to the federal government, or avoiding, decreasing, or concealing an obligation to pay money to the federal government. A claim includes “any request or demand” for money or property presented to the U.S. government. The civil FCA has been used to assert liability on the basis of kickbacks and other improper referrals, improper use of Medicare provider or supplier numbers when detailing a provider of services, improper promotion of off-label uses not covered by a device’s clearance or approval, and allegations as to misrepresentations with respect to products, contract requirements, and services rendered. The civil FCA has been used to assert liability on the basis of kickbacks and other improper referrals, improper use of Medicare provider or supplier numbers when detailing a provider of services, improper promotion of off-label uses not covered by a device’s clearance or approval, and allegations as to misrepresentations with respect to products, contract requirements, and services rendered. In addition, private payors have been filing follow-on lawsuits alleging fraudulent misrepresentation, although establishing liability and damages in these cases is more difficult than under the FCA. Intent to deceive is not required to establish liability under the civil FCA. Civil FCA actions may be brought by the government or may be brought by private individuals on behalf of the government, called “qui tam” actions. If the government decides to intervene in a qui tam action and prevails in the lawsuit, the individual will share in the proceeds from any fines or settlement funds. If the government decides to intervene in a qui tam action and prevails in the lawsuit, the individual will share in the proceeds from any fines or settlement funds. If the government declines to intervene, the individual may pursue the case alone. The civil FCA provides for treble damages and a civil penalty for each false claim, such as an invoice or pharmacy claim for reimbursement, which can aggregate into millions of dollars. The civil FCA provides for treble damages and a civil penalty for each false claim, such as an invoice or pharmacy claim for reimbursement, which can aggregate into millions of dollars. For these reasons, FCA lawsuits against biopharmaceutical and device companies have resulted in substantial civil and criminal settlements, as much as $3.0 billion, regarding certain sales practices and promoting off label uses. For these reasons, FCA lawsuits against biopharmaceutical and device companies have increased significantly in volume and breadth, leading to several substantial civil and criminal settlements, as much as $3.0 billion, regarding certain sales practices and promoting off label uses. Civil FCA liability may further be imposed for known Medicare or Medicaid overpayments that are not refunded within 60 days of discovering the overpayment, even if the overpayment was not caused by a false or fraudulent act. Civil FCA liability may further be imposed for known Medicare or Medicaid overpayments that are not refunded within 60 days of discovering the overpayment, even if the overpayment was not caused by a false or fraudulent act. In addition, conviction or civil judgment for violating the FCA may result in exclusion from federal health care programs, and suspension and debarment from government contracts, and refusal of orders under existing government contracts. In addition, conviction or civil judgment for violating the FCA may result in exclusion from federal health care programs, and suspension and debarment from government contracts, and refusal of orders under existing government contracts.
The government may further prosecute conduct constituting a false claim under the criminal FCA. The criminal FCA prohibits the making or presenting of a claim to the government knowing such claim to be false, fictitious, or fraudulent and, unlike the civil FCA, requires proof of intent to submit a false claim. The criminal FCA prohibits the making or presenting of a claim to the government knowing such claim to be false, fictitious, or fraudulent and, unlike the civil FCA, requires proof of intent to submit a false claim.
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The civil monetary penalties statute is another statute under which medical device companies may potentially be subject to enforcement. Among other things, the civil monetary penalties statue imposes fines against any person who offers to provide remuneration to any individual eligible for benefits under Medicare or Medicaid that the offerer knows or should know is likely to influence the individual’s selection of a particular provider or supplier of any item or service reimbursable under those programs. Among other things, the civil monetary penalties statue imposes fines against any person who offers to provide remuneration to any individual eligible for benefits under Medicare or Medicaid that the offerer knows or should know is likely to influence the individual to order or receive from a particular provider or supplier of any item or service reimbursable under those programs.
The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) also created federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among other actions, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud or to obtain, by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations or promises, any of the money or property owned by, or under the custody or control of, a healthcare benefit program, regardless of whether the payor is public or private, in connection with the delivery or payment for health care benefits, knowingly and willfully embezzling or stealing from a health care benefit program, willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a health care offense and knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing, or covering up by any trick or device a material fact or making any materially false statements in connection with the delivery of, or payment for, healthcare benefits, items, or services relating to healthcare matters. Additionally, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act, or collectively the “ACA”, amended the intent requirement of certain of these criminal statutes under HIPAA so that a person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of the statute, or the specific intent to violate it, to have committed a violation. Additionally, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act, or collectively the “ACA”, amended the intent requirement of certain of these criminal statutes under HIPAA so that a person or entity no longer needs to have actual knowledge of the statute, or the specific intent to violate it, to have committed a violation.
The Physician Payments Sunshine Act (“Sunshine Act”) requires annual reporting, by applicable device and drug manufacturers, of covered products, payments, and other transfers of value to certain health care providers, and ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members.
Further, we may be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (“HITECH”) and its respective implementing regulations imposes certain requirements on covered entities relating to the privacy, security, and transmission of certain individually identifiable health information, known as protected health information. HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (“HITECH”) and its respective implementing regulations imposes certain requirements on covered entities relating to the privacy, security, and transmission of certain individually identifiable health information, known as protected health information. Among other things, HITECH, through its implementing regulations, makes HIPAA’s security standards and certain privacy standards directly applicable to business associates, defined as a person or organization, other than a member of a covered entity’s workforce, that creates, receives, maintains, or transmits protected health information on behalf of a covered entity for a function or activity regulated by HIPAA. Among other things, HITECH, through its implementing regulations, makes HIPAA’s security standards and certain privacy standards directly applicable to business associates, defined as a person or organization, other than a member of a covered entity’s workforce, that creates, receives, maintains, or transmits protected health information on behalf of a covered entity for a function or activity regulated by HIPAA. HITECH also strengthened the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against covered entities, business associates, and individuals, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federal courts to enforce the federal HIPAA laws and seek attorneys’ fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, other federal and state laws may govern the privacy and security of health and other information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and may not be pre-empted by HIPAA, thus complicating compliance efforts. In addition, other federal and state laws may govern the privacy and security of health and other information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways and may not be pre-empted by HIPAA, thus complicating compliance efforts.
Many states have also adopted laws similar to each of the above federal laws, which may be broader in scope and apply to items or services reimbursed by any third-party payor, including commercial insurers. Certain states also require implementation of commercial compliance programs and compliance with the medical device industry’s otherwise voluntary compliance guidelines and the applicable compliance guidance promulgated by the federal government, or otherwise restrict payments or the provision of other items of value that may be made to healthcare providers and other potential referral sources; impose restrictions on marketing practices; or require companies to track and report information related to payments, and other items of value to physicians and other healthcare providers. Certain states also require implementation of commercial compliance programs and compliance with the medical device industry’s voluntary compliance guidelines and the applicable compliance guidance promulgated by the federal government, or otherwise restrict payments or the provision of other items of value that may be made to healthcare providers and other potential referral sources; impose restrictions on marketing practices; or require companies to track and report information related to payments, and other items of value to physicians and other healthcare providers.
If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the laws or regulations described above or any other applicable laws, we may be subject to penalties or other enforcement actions, including criminal and significant civil monetary penalties, damages, fines, disgorgement, imprisonment, exclusion from participation in government healthcare programs, corporate integrity agreements, suspension and debarment from government contracts, and refusal of orders under existing government contracts, reputational harm, diminished profits and future earnings, and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations, any of which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our results of operations. Enforcement actions can be brought by federal or state governments, or as “qui tam” actions brought by individual whistleblowers in the name of the government under the civil FCA if the violations are alleged to have caused the government to pay a false or fraudulent claim.
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To the extent that any of our products are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws and regulations, which may include, for instance, applicable post-marketing requirements, including safety surveillance, anti-fraud and abuse laws, and implementation of corporate compliance programs and reporting of payments or transfers of value to healthcare professionals.
Coverage and Reimbursement
The commercial success of our product candidates and our ability to commercialize any approved product candidates successfully will depend in part on the extent to which governmental payor programs at the federal and state levels, including Medicare and Medicaid, private health insurers, and other third-party payors provide coverage for and establish adequate reimbursement levels for our products. Government authorities, private health insurers, and other organizations generally decide which products and services they will pay for and establish reimbursement levels for healthcare. Medicare is a federally funded program managed by CMS through local fiscal intermediaries and carriers that administer coverage and reimbursement for certain healthcare items and services furnished to the elderly and disabled. Medicare is a federally funded program managed by CMS through local fiscal intermediaries and carriers that administer coverage and reimbursement for certain healthcare items and services furnished to the elderly and disabled. Medicaid is an insurance program for certain categories of patients whose income and assets fall below state defined levels and who are otherwise uninsured that is both federally and state funded and managed by each state. Medicaid is an insurance program for certain categories of patients whose income and assets fall below state defined levels and who are otherwise uninsured that is both federally and state funded and managed by each state. In the United States, private health insurers and other third-party payors often provide reimbursement for products and services based on the level at which the government provides reimbursement through the Medicare or Medicaid programs for such products and services. In the United States, private health insurers and other third-party payors often provide reimbursement for products and services based on the level at which the government provides reimbursement through the Medicare or Medicaid programs for such products and services.
In the United States, the European Union, and other potentially significant markets for our products, government authorities and third-party payors are increasingly attempting to limit or regulate the price of medical products and services, particularly for new and innovative products and therapies, which often has resulted in average selling prices lower than they would otherwise be. In the United States, it is also common for certain government and private health plans to use coverage determinations to leverage rebates from labelers to reduce the plans’ net costs. In the United States, it is also common for certain government and private health plans to use coverage determinations to leverage rebates from labelers to reduce the plans’ net costs. These restrictions and limitations influence the purchase of healthcare services and products and lower the realization of manufacturers’ sales of products. These restrictions and limitations influence the purchase of healthcare services and products and lower the realization on manufacturers’ sales of products. Third-party payors are developing increasingly sophisticated methods of controlling healthcare costs. Third-party payors may limit coverage to specific therapeutic products on an approved list, or formulary, which might not include all the FDA-approved products for a particular indication or might impose high co-payment amounts to influence patient choice. Third-party payors may limit coverage to specific therapeutic products on an approved list, or formulary, which might not include all of the FDA-approved products for a particular indication or might impose high co-payment amounts to influence patient choice. Third-party payors also control costs by requiring prior authorization or imposing other restrictions. Third-party payors also control costs by requiring prior authorization or imposing other restrictions. Third-party payors are increasingly challenging the price and examining the medical necessity and cost-effectiveness of medical products and services, in addition to their safety and efficacy.
Federal programs also impose price controls through mandatory ceiling prices on purchases by federal agencies and federally funded hospitals and clinics. These restrictions and limitations influence the purchase of healthcare services and products. Legislative proposals to reform healthcare or reduce costs under government programs may result in lower reimbursement for our products or exclusion of our products.
Private payors often rely on the lead of the governmental payors in rendering coverage and reimbursement determinations. Therefore, achieving favorable CMS coverage and reimbursement is usually a significant gating issue for successful introduction of a new product. Therefore, achieving favorable CMS coverage and reimbursement is usually a significant gating issue for successful introduction of a new product.
Further, the increased emphasis on managed healthcare in the United States and on country and regional pricing and reimbursement controls in the European Union will put additional pressure on product pricing, reimbursement, and utilization, which may adversely affect our future product sales and results of operations. These pressures can arise from rules and practices of managed care groups, competition from other products, judicial decisions and governmental laws and regulations related to Medicare, Medicaid, and healthcare reform, and pricing in general. These pressures can arise from rules and practices of managed care groups, competition from other products, judicial decisions and governmental laws and regulations related to Medicare, Medicaid, and healthcare reform, and pricing in general. Patients who are prescribed treatments for their conditions and providers performing the prescribed services generally rely on third-party payors to reimburse all or part of the associated healthcare costs. Patients who are prescribed treatments for their conditions and providers performing the prescribed services generally rely on third-party payors to reimburse all or part of the associated healthcare costs. Sales of our product candidates will therefore depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our products will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by government health administration authorities, such as Medicare and Medicaid, private health insurers, and other third-party payors. Sales of our product candidates will therefore depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our products will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by government health administration authorities, such as Medicare and Medicaid, private health insurers, and other third-party payors.
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Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a product does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved or that significant price concessions will not be required to avoid restrictive conditions. High health plan co-payment requirements may result in patients seeking alternative therapies. Adequate third-party reimbursement may not be available to enable us to maintain price levels sufficient to realize an appropriate return on our investment. Adequate third-party reimbursement may not be available to enable us to maintain price levels sufficient to realize an appropriate return on our investment. Legislative proposals to reform healthcare or reduce costs under government insurance programs may result in lower reimbursement for our products or exclusion of our products from coverage. The cost containment measures that healthcare payors and providers are instituting and any healthcare reform could significantly reduce our revenue from the sale of any approved product candidates.
Healthcare Reform Measures
The United States and many foreign jurisdictions have enacted or proposed legislative and regulatory changes affecting the healthcare system. The United States government, state legislatures and foreign governments also have shown significant interest in implementing cost-containment programs to limit the growth of government-paid healthcare costs, including price controls, restrictions on reimbursement and requirements for substitution of generic products for branded prescription drugs. The United States government, state legislatures and foreign governments also have shown significant interest in implementing cost-containment programs to limit the growth of government-paid healthcare costs, including price controls, restrictions on reimbursement and requirements for substitution of generic products for branded prescription drugs.
The ACA substantially changed the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers and significantly impacts the pharmaceutical industry. The ACA was intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain the growth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against healthcare fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for healthcare and health insurance industries, impose new taxes and fees on pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturers, and impose additional health policy reforms. The ACA is intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain the growth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against healthcare fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for healthcare and health insurance industries, impose new taxes and fees on pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturers, and impose additional health policy reforms.
The Budget Control Act of 2011, among other things, created the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction to recommend proposals in spending reductions to Congress. The Joint Select Committee did not achieve its targeted deficit reduction of an amount greater than $1.2 trillion for the fiscal years 2012 through 2021, triggering the legislation’s automatic reductions to several government programs. These reductions included aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to healthcare providers of up to 2.0% per fiscal year. The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 retained the federal budget “sequestration” Medicare payment reductions of 2% and extended it through 2031. Under the Consolidated Appropriations Acts of 2023 and 2024, the Medicare sequester percentage in FY2032 is scheduled to be 2% from April 1, 2032, through September 30, 2032, and 0% for October 1, 2032 through March 31, 2032 unless congressional action is taken. The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 retained the federal budget “sequestration” Medicare payment reductions of 2% and extended it through 2031. Under the Consolidated Appropriations Acts of 2023 and 2024, the Medicare sequester percentage in FY2032 is scheduled to be 2% from April 1, 2032, through September 30, 2032, and 0% for October 1, 2032, through March 31, 2032, unless congressional action is taken. On January 2, 2013, the American Taxpayer Relief Act was signed into law, which, among other things, reduced Medicare payments to several types of providers, including hospitals, imaging centers and cancer treatment centers, and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. On January 2, 2013, the American Taxpayer Relief Act was signed into law, which, among other things, reduced Medicare payments to several types of providers, including hospitals, imaging centers, and cancer treatment centers, and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years.
Further legislative and regulatory changes remain possible. It is unknown what form any such changes or any law would take, and how or whether it may affect our business in the future. We expect that changes or additions to the Medicare and Medicaid programs, and changes stemming from other healthcare reform measures, especially with regard to healthcare access, financing or other legislation in individual states, could have a material adverse effect on the healthcare industry.
At the state level, legislatures may also increasingly pass legislation and implement regulations designed to control product pricing, including price or patient reimbursement constraints, discounts, restrictions on certain product access and marketing cost disclosure and transparency measures.
We expect that additional federal, state, and foreign healthcare reform measures will be adopted in the future, any of which could limit the amounts that federal and state governments will pay for healthcare products and services, which could result in limited coverage and reimbursement and reduced demand for our products, or additional pricing pressures.
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Environmental Matters
We are subject to various environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, including those governing air emissions, water and wastewater discharges, noise emissions, the use, transport, management and disposal of chemicals and hazardous materials and wastes, the import, export and registration of chemicals, and the cleanup of contaminated sites. Based on information currently available to us, we do not expect environmental or health and safety costs and contingencies to have a material adverse effect on us. Based on information currently available to us, we do not expect environmental or health and safety costs and contingencies to have a material adverse effect on us. The operation of our business and facilities, however, entails risks in these areas. Significant expenditures could be required in the future to comply with environmental or health and safety laws, regulations, or requirements. Significant expenditures could be required in the future to comply with environmental or health and safety laws, regulations, or requirements.
In Israel, where we manufacture our ReWalk products at our facility, we do not utilize chemicals that require a toxic materials license. In the U.S., where our contract manufacturer produces our AlterG products, we do not utilize chemicals which require a toxic materials license. Out Contract manufacturer has a hazardous waste disposal license with the EPA ID# NHD500017052 and dispose of our expired and empty containers through a process in accordance with the license supplier “Republic Services” with EPA ID# NHD500018452.
In the European marketplace, electrical and electronic equipment and its packaging is required to comply with a number of regulatory regimes aimed at ensuring product safety and protecting the environment, including the Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment, which aims to prevent waste by encouraging reuse and recycling, and the Directive on Restriction of Use of Certain Hazardous Substances, which restricts the use of ten hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products. Our products and certain components of such products “placed on the market” in the E.U. (whether or not manufactured in the E.U.) are subject to these and other legislative regimes.) are subject to these and other legislative regimes. Additionally, we are required to comply with certain laws, regulations, and directives, including the Toxic Substances Control Act in the United States and the REACH Regulation in the E.U., governing chemicals., governing chemicals. These and similar laws and regulations require the testing, reporting, labelling, and registration of certain chemicals we use and ship. We believe we comply in all material respects with applicable environmental and product conformity laws and regulations.
Manufacturing
Our ReWalk exoskeletons, ReStore exo-suits, and AlterG Anti-Gravity systems include off-the-shelf and custom-made components produced to our specifications by various third parties for technical and cost-effectiveness. During 2025, we terminated our contract manufacturing agreement with Sanmina Corporation for the manufacture of our ReWalk exoskeletons and ReStore exo-suits. We transitioned the manufacturing of ReWalk exoskeletons to the Lifeward Ltd. facility. We contracted with Cirtronics Corporation (“Cirtronics”), a well-established contract manufacturer with expertise in the medical device industry, for the manufacture of the AlterG product at its facility in Milford, New Hampshire beginning January 2025. Each product line is manufactured pursuant to the same applicable set of specifications. We place our manufacturing orders with Cirtronics and other suppliers pursuant to purchase orders or by providing forecasts for future requirements. We place our manufacturing orders with Sanmina, Cirtronics and other suppliers pursuant to purchase orders or by providing forecasts for future requirements. We may terminate our relationship with Cirtronics upon at least one year’s notice prior to the expiration of the initial term or renewal term of the contract. We may terminate our relationship with Cirtronics through notice at least one year prior to the expiration of the initial term or renewal term of the contract. We may terminate our relationship with other suppliers at any time upon written notice. We may terminate our relationship with Sanmina or our other suppliers at any time upon written notice. Either we or Cirtronics may terminate the relationship in the event of a material breach, subject to a 45-day cure period in the case of Cirtronics. The agreement with Cirtronics contains a limitation on liability that applies equally to us and Cirtronics.
We believe that the contract manufacturing relationships with Cirtronics and in-house production at the Lifeward Ltd. allow us to operate our business efficiently by focusing our internal efforts on the development and commercialization of our technology and products and provide us with substantial scale-up capacity.
We conduct regular on-site quality testing at Cirtronics’ facility and obtain full quality inspection reports. We maintain a non-disclosure agreement with Cirtronics. We maintain a non-disclosure agreement with each of Sanmina and Cirtronics.
We develop certain of the software components internally and license other software components that are generally available for commercial use as open-source software.
We manufacture products based upon internal sales forecasts. We deliver products to customers and distributors based on purchase orders received, and our goal is to fulfill each customer’s order for products in regular production within two weeks of receipt of the order. We deliver products to customers and distributors based upon purchase orders received, and our goal is to fulfill each customer’s order for products in regular production within two weeks of receipt of the order.
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Suppliers
We have contracted with Cirtronics for the sourcing of substantially all components and raw materials for the manufacture of our AlterG products, although there are instances that we purchase raw materials ourselves. We are sourcing all components and raw materials for the manufacture of our ReWalk exoskeleton device.
Components of our products and raw materials are sourced from suppliers in the United States, Europe, China, Taiwan, and Israel, and we depend on certain of these components and raw materials, including certain electronic parts, for the manufacture of our products. To date, we have not experienced significant volatility in the prices of these components and raw materials. To date, we have not experienced significant volatility in the prices of these components and raw materials. However, prices may fluctuate due to a number of factors, including purchase volumes, general economic conditions, currency exchange rates, industry cycles, production levels, supply availability, tariffs, and trade policies.
We believe that Cirtronics’ facility, together with our manufacturing and supply arrangements, are sufficient to support our anticipated capacity needs for the foreseeable future.
Human Capital
Employees
As of December 31, 2025, we had 81 employees (including full-time and hourly employees), of whom 46 were located in the United States, 25 were located in Israel and 10 were located in Europe. The majority of our employees are, and have been, engaged in sales and marketing activities. We do not employ a significant number of temporary or part time employees.
We are subject to labor laws and regulations within our locations mainly in the U.S., Germany, and Israel. These laws and regulations principally concern matters such as pensions, paid annual vacation, paid sick days, length of the workday and work week, minimum wages, overtime pay, insurance for work-related accidents, severance pay and other conditions of employment. These laws and regulations principally concern matters such as pensions, paid annual vacation, paid sick days, length of the workday and work week, minimum wages, overtime pay, insurance for work-related accidents, severance pay and other conditions of employment. Our employees are not represented by a labor union. Our employees are not represented by a labor union. We consider our relationship with our employees to be good. To date, we have not experienced any work stoppages.
Compensation and Benefits
We provide our employees with competitive salaries and bonuses, opportunities for equity ownership, and a robust employment package that promotes well-being across all aspects of our employees’ lives, including health care, retirement planning, and paid time off. We also invest in the ongoing development of our employees through our internal training programs.
Diversity and Inclusion
We value the diversity of our employees and take pride in our commitment to diversity and inclusion across all levels of our organizational structure. We encourage a diversity of views and strive to create an equal opportunity workplace, including working with managers to develop strategies for building diverse teams and promoting the advancement of employees from diverse backgrounds.
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Financial Information about Geographic Areas and Significant Customer Information
The following table sets forth the geographical breakdown of our revenue for each of the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024 (in thousands):
Additional discussion of financial information by reportable segment and geographic area and sales in excess of 10% of total revenue to certain of our customers is contained in Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements set forth in “Part II. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this annual report.
2025 Recent Developments
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our business faces significant risks. You should carefully consider all of the information set forth in this annual report and in our other filings with the SEC, including the following risk factors which we face and which are faced by our industry. You should carefully consider all of the information set forth in this annual report and in our other filings with the SEC, including the following risk factors which we face and which are faced by our industry. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected by any of these risks. In that event, the trading price of our ordinary shares would likely decline and you might lose all or part of your investment. In that event, the trading price of our ordinary shares would likely decline and you might lose all or part of your investment. This report also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our results could materially differ from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, as a result of certain factors including the risks described below and elsewhere in this report and our other SEC filings. Our results could materially differ from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, as a result of certain factors including the risks described below and elsewhere in this report and our other SEC filings. See also “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” on page (ii). See also “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” on page (ii).
Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry
We have concluded that there is substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern.
As of December 31, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit in the total amount of approximately $284.7 million and anticipate further losses in the development of our business. Those factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our ability to continue as a going concern depends upon our obtaining the necessary financing to meet our obligations and timely repay our liabilities arising from normal business operations. Our ability to continue as a going concern depends upon our obtaining the necessary financing to meet our obligations and timely repay our liabilities arising from normal business operations. The financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue to operate as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. Management concluded that substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern exists as of the date of the issuance of these financial statements. Our auditors also included an explanatory paragraph to their audit opinion relating to our accompanying consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 regarding the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our auditors also included an explanatory paragraph to their audit opinion relating to our accompanying consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 regarding the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. If we are unable to secure additional capital, including through the closing of the Oramed transaction and by other means, we may be required to take additional measures to reduce costs in order to conserve our cash in amounts sufficient to sustain operations and meet our obligations. We seek to protect our intellectual property through a combination of patents, trademarks, confidentiality, and assignment agreements with our employees and certain of our contractors and confidentiality agreements with certain of our consultants, scientific advisors and other vendors and contractors. If we become insolvent, investors in our securities may lose the entire value of their investment in our business. If we become insolvent, investors in our securities may lose the entire value of their investment in our business. The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments that may be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern, and it is not possible for us to predict at this time the potential success of our business.
We may fail to realize the benefits expected from our acquisition of AlterG, which could adversely affect the price of our ordinary shares.
As discussed above in “Part I. Item 1. Business - Overview”, on August 11, 2023, we completed the acquisition of AlterG which became an indirect and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.
The anticipated benefits from our acquisition of AlterG are based on projections and assumptions about the combined businesses of ReWalk and AlterG, which may not materialize as expected or which may prove to be inaccurate. The value of our ordinary shares could be adversely affected if we are unable to realize the anticipated benefits from the acquisition on a timely basis or at all. Achieving the benefits of the acquisition will depend, in part, on our ability to integrate the business, operations and products of AlterG successfully and efficiently with our business. Achieving the benefits of the acquisition will depend, in part, on our ability to integrate the business, operations and products of AlterG successfully and efficiently with our business. The process of integrating the operations of ReWalk and AlterG could encounter unexpected costs and delays, which include: the loss of key personnel; the loss of key customers; the loss of key suppliers; inability to properly identify, acquire or obtained required regulatory approvals; and unanticipated issues in integrating sales, marketing and administrative functions. The process of integrating the operations of ReWalk and AlterG could encounter unexpected costs and delays, which include: the loss of key personnel; the loss of key customers; the loss of key suppliers; inability to properly identify, acquire or obtained required regulatory approvals; and unanticipated issues in integrating sales, marketing and administrative functions. In addition, the acquired AlterG business, products and technologies may not achieve anticipated revenues and income growth.
Further, the integration of AlterG may involve a number of additional risks, including diversion of management’s attention away from the rest of the business, which could adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, our failure to identify or accurately assess the magnitude of certain liabilities we assumed in the acquisition could result in unexpected litigation or regulatory exposure, unfavorable accounting charges, unexpected increases in taxes due, a loss of anticipated tax benefits or other adverse effects on our business, operating results or financial condition. In addition, our failure to identify or accurately assess the magnitude of certain liabilities we assumed in the acquisition could result in unexpected litigation or regulatory exposure, unfavorable accounting charges, unexpected increases in taxes due, a loss of anticipated tax benefits or other adverse effects on our business, operating results or financial condition. If we do not realize the expected benefits or synergies of the acquisition, such as revenue gains or cost reductions, there could be a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. If we do not realize the expected benefits or synergies of the acquisition, such as revenue gains or cost reductions, there could be a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
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Global, regional, and local economic weakness and uncertainty could adversely affect our demand for our products and services and our business and financial performance.
Our business and financial performance depends on worldwide economic conditions and the demand for our products and services in the markets in which we compete. Ongoing economic weakness, including an economic slowdown or recession, uncertainty in markets throughout the world and other adverse economic conditions, including inflation, changes in monetary policy and interest rate fluctuations, have resulted, and may result in the future, in decreased demand for our products and services and increased expenses and difficulty in managing inventory levels and accurately forecasting revenue, gross margin, cash flows and expenses. Ongoing economic weakness, including an economic slowdown or recession, uncertainty in markets throughout the world and other adverse economic conditions, including inflation, changes in monetary policy and interest rate fluctuations, have resulted, and may result in the future, in decreased demand for our products and services and increased expenses and difficulty in managing inventory levels and accurately forecasting revenue, gross margin, cash flows and expenses. Ongoing U.S. federal government spending limits may continue to reduce demand for our products and services from organizations that receive funding from the U.S. government and could negatively affect macroeconomic conditions in the United States, which could further reduce demand for our products and services.
Prolonged or more severe economic weakness and uncertainty could also cause our expenses to vary materially from our expectations. Any financial turmoil affecting the banking system and financial markets or any significant financial services institution failures could negatively impact our treasury operations, as the financial condition of such parties may deteriorate rapidly and without notice. Any financial turmoil affecting the banking system and financial markets or any significant financial services institution failures could negatively impact our treasury operations, as the financial condition of such parties may deteriorate rapidly and without notice. Poor financial performance of asset markets and the adverse effects of fluctuating currency exchange rates could lead to higher pension and post-retirement benefit expenses. Interest and other expenses could vary materially from expectations depending on changes in interest rates, borrowing costs, currency exchange rates, costs of hedging activities and the fair value of derivative instruments. Interest and other expenses could vary materially from expectations depending on changes in interest rates, borrowing costs, currency exchange rates, costs of hedging activities and the fair value of derivative instruments. Economic downturns also may lead to future restructuring actions and associated expenses.
We may not have sufficient funds to meet certain future operating needs or capital requirements, which could impair our efforts to develop and commercialize existing and new products, and as a result, we may in the future consider one or more capital-raising transactions, including future equity or debt financings, strategic transactions, or borrowings which may also further dilute our shareholders or place us under restrictive covenants limiting our ability to operate freely.
We intend to finance our business by close management of our operating expenses until we reach profitable operation using existing cash on hand, issuances of equity and/or debt securities, and other future public or private issuances of securities, cash exercised of outstanding warrants, or through a combination of the foregoing, though we may also consider additional capital raising alternatives, such as entering into a credit facility, if the foregoing alternatives are not available to us or unavailable on reasonable terms. We had cash and cash equivalents of $2.2 million as of December 31, 2025. However, we will need to seek additional sources of financing if we require more funds than anticipated during the next 12 months or in later periods.
In January 2026, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with Oramed and certain investors and Oramed, as collateral agent, pursuant to which we agreed to issue to Oramed and the certain investors senior secured convertible notes convertible into Ordinary Shares and accompanying warrants to purchase Ordinary Shares. Pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, subject to the satisfaction of other closing conditions, we agreed to issue to these investors (i) (A) $10,000,000.00 aggregate principal amount senior secured convertible notes (the “Initial Notes”), convertible into Ordinary Shares, and (B) accompanying warrants to purchase Ordinary Shares (the “Initial Warrants”); and (ii) (A) $10,000,000.00 aggregate principal amount senior secured convertible notes (the “Second Notes”, and together with the Initial Notes, the “Notes” and each a “Note”), convertible into Ordinary Shares, and (B) accompanying warrants to purchase Ordinary Shares (the “Second Warrants”, and together with the Initial Warrants, the “Common Warrants” and the Common Warrants together with the Transaction Warrants, the “Warrants”). The funding of the Second Notes is also subject to customary closing conditions and either (i) us achieving, as of the most recently completed fiscal quarter end for which we have publicly filed or furnished financial statements, at least a one hundred fifty percent (150%) increase in ReWalk Unit Sales (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement), measured in U.S. dollars, relative to the trailing twelve‑month period immediately preceding the Additional Closing Date as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement), or (ii) the closing price of our Ordinary Shares on the Trading Market (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement) equals or exceeds $13.8 per share (which amount reflects the adjustment for the reverse stock split that became effective on February 24, 2026) on each Trading Day (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement) during the ten (10) consecutive Trading Days immediately prior to the Additional Closing Date. The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions and there can be no assurance that these conditions will be satisfied or waived, or that the transaction will close on the anticipated timeline, or at all. Based on our current operating plan, we will require additional capital to fund our ongoing operations and execute our business strategy.
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Raising additional capital in the public markets could also entail certain downsides. Although we are currently eligible to use our Form S-3, we are limited to selling no more than one-third of our unaffiliated market capitalization, or public float, on Form S-3 in a 12-month period unless our public float rises above $75 million. Although we are currently eligible to use our Form S-3, we are limited to selling no more than one-third of our unaffiliated market capitalization, or public float, on Form S-3 in a 12-month period unless our public float rises above $75 million. During the twelve-month period ended March 17, 2026, we had sold a total of $2.8 million in offerings pursuant to shelf registration statements which will limit our capacity to sell our ordinary shares under our current shelf registration statement. During the twelve-month period ended March 7, 2025, we had sold a total of $5.0 million in offerings pursuant to shelf registration statements which will limit our capacity to sell our ordinary shares under our current shelf registration statement. For more information on our inability to use Form S-3, see “Part II. Item 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Equity Raises” below. Additionally, due to these limitations on our use of Form S-3, we may be required to seek other methods for access to capital, such as a registration statement on Form S-1. The preparation of a registration statement on Form S-1 is, and has in the past, been more time-consuming and costly than using Form S-3. We may also conduct fundraising transactions in the form of private placements, potentially with registration rights or priced at a discount to the market value of our ordinary shares, which could require shareholder approval under the rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”), or other equity raise transactions such as equity lines of credit. Additionally, due to these limitations on our use of Form S-3, we may be required to seek other methods for access to capital, such as a registration statement on Form S-1. The preparation of a registration statement on Form S-1 is, and has in the past, been more time-consuming and costly than using Form S-3. We may also conduct fundraising transactions in the form of private placements, potentially with registration rights or priced at a discount to the market value of our ordinary shares, which could require shareholder approval under the rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”), or other equity raise transactions such as equity lines of credit. In addition to entailing increased capital costs, any such transactions have historically resulted in and could result in substantial dilution of our shareholders’ interests and may also transfer control to a new investor or diminish the value of an investment in our ordinary shares. In addition to entailing increased capital costs, any such transactions have historically resulted in and could result in substantial dilution of our shareholders’ interests and may also transfer control to a new investor or diminish the value of an investment in our ordinary shares.
We may also need to pursue additional strategic transactions, such as joint ventures, in-licensing transactions, or the sale of our business, or all, or substantially all, of our assets if our financial stability is uncertain, and we are unable to raise additional capital effectively. These strategic transactions have in the past and could in the future require significant management attention, disrupt our business, adversely affect our financial results, be unsuccessful or fail to achieve the desired results. These strategic transactions have in the past and could in the future require significant management attention, disrupt our business, adversely affect our financial results, be unsuccessful or fail to achieve the desired results.
Overall, if we cannot raise the required funds, or cannot raise them on terms acceptable to us or investors, we may be forced to curtail substantially our current operations or cease operations altogether. Further, external perceptions regarding our ability to continue as a going concern may make it more difficult for us to obtain financing for the continuation of our operations or require us to obtain financing on terms that are more favorable to investors, and could result in the loss of confidence by investors and suppliers. Further, external perceptions regarding our ability to continue as a going concern may make it more difficult for us to obtain financing for the continuation of our operations or require us to obtain financing on terms that are more favorable to investors, and could result in the loss of confidence by investors and suppliers. As such, our failure to continue as a going concern could harm our business, operating results and financial position and severely affect the value of your investment. As such, our failure to continue as a going concern could harm our business, operating results and financial position and severely affect the value of your investment.
We may not fully realize the anticipated positive impacts to future financial results from our streamlining efforts.
We began streamlining our U.S. operations, including closing two U.S. facilities to complete the integration following the acquisition of AlterG. As a result of the organizational changes, we reduced our total headcount by greater than 35% since the closing of the AlterG acquisition. As a result of the organizational changes, we reduced our total headcount by greater than 35% since the closing of the AlterG acquisition. Key functions located at the affected facilities were integrated into the operations of the Marlborough, Massachusetts facility, and manufacturing of the AlterG Anti-Gravity Systems was assumed by Cirtronics Corporation, a nationally recognized contract manufacturer specializing in the manufacture of precision medical devices and instrumentation. Key functions located at the affected facilities were integrated into the operations of the Marlborough, Massachusetts facility, and manufacturing of the AlterG Anti-Gravity Systems was assumed by Cirtronics Corporation, a nationally recognized contract manufacturer specializing in the manufacture of precision medical devices and instrumentation. Further, in the second quarter of 2025, we transitioned the manufacturing of our ReWalk products to our in-house manufacturer in an effort to reduce costs and provide us with more control over product quality. As a result, we terminated our agreement with Sanmina Corporation, an international contract manufacturer that manufactured our ReWalk products at its facility in Israel since 2013 and sourced the components and raw materials necessary for manufacturing. We expect that such consolidation may reduce operating expenses and improve gross margins once the full impact of these measures is realized, which we believe may contribute to our goal of reducing costs and achieving profitability. We are in the research stage of ReBoot, a personal soft exo-suit for home and community use by individuals post-stroke, and we are currently evaluating the reimbursement landscape and the potential clinical impact of this device. Our ability to achieve the anticipated cost savings and other benefits from such streamlining efforts is subject to many estimates and assumptions and may vary materially based on factors such as market conditions and the effect of our streamlining efforts on our work force. These estimates and assumptions are subject to significant economic, competitive and other uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. We cannot assure that we will fully realize the anticipated positive impacts to future financial results from our current or future streamlining efforts. We cannot assure that we will fully realize the anticipated positive impacts to future financial results from our current or future streamlining efforts. If our estimates and assumptions are incorrect or if other unforeseen events occur, we may not achieve the cost savings expected from such streamlining, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
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We may encounter difficulties in transitioning the manufacturing of our ReWalk products to our in-house manufacturer.
In the second quarter of 2025, we transitioned the manufacturing of our ReWalk products to our in-house manufacturer in an effort to reduce costs and provide us with more control over product quality. As a result, we terminated our agreement with Sanmina Corporation, an international contract manufacturer that manufactured our ReWalk products at its facility in Israel since 2013 and sourced the components and raw materials necessary for manufacturing.
However, to fully establish our manufacturing operations, we will need to identify, recruit and build experienced teams, and there are can be no assurance that we will be successful in doing so. Additionally, Sanima previously contracted directly with third-party suppliers to supply certain components of our products. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to establish similar agreements to source sufficient quantities or obtain components at commercially reasonable costs.
If we are unable to manufacture products that consistently meet specifications, are produced in necessary quantities, comply with regulatory requirements and quality control standards and are delivered at commercially acceptable costs and on a timely basis, it will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The process of moving our manufacturing operations in house is time consuming, costly and may disrupt our operations. There can be no assurance that we will fully realize the anticipated benefits from such transition.
We face economic and political risks associated with doing business in Taiwan, particularly due to the geopolitical tension between Taiwan and China, and in Russia that could negatively affect our business and hence the value of your investment.
Currently, we rely on third party suppliers in Taiwan for a portion of the components we use in our AlterG products. Accordingly, our business, financial condition and results of operations and the market price of our securities may be affected by changes in governmental policies, taxation, growth rate, inflation rate or interest rates and by social instability and diplomatic and social developments in or affecting Taiwan. Accordingly, our business, financial condition and results of operations and the market price of our securities may be affected by changes in governmental policies, taxation, growth rate, inflation rate or interest rates and by social instability and diplomatic and social developments in or affecting Taiwan. In addition, changes in international trade policies, including the potential imposition of tariffs, export controls or other trade restrictions affecting goods manufactured in Taiwan, could increase our costs or disrupt the supply of components used in our AlterG products.
In particular, the unique political status of Taiwan and its internal political movement cause sustained tension between China and Taiwan. Past developments related to the interactions between China and Taiwan, especially in relation to trade activities such as bans on exports of goods from time to time, have on occasions depressed the transactions and business operations of certain Taiwanese companies and overall economic environment. Past developments related to the interactions between China and Taiwan, especially in relation to trade activities such as bans on exports of goods from time to time, have on occasions depressed the transactions and business operations of certain Taiwanese companies and overall economic environment. We cannot predict whether there will be escalation of the tensions between China and Taiwan, which would lead to new bans or tariffs on exports or even conflict. We cannot predict whether there will be escalation of the tensions between China and Taiwan, which would lead to new bans or tariffs on exports or even conflict. Any conflict which threatens the military, political or economic stability in Taiwan could have a material adverse effect on our current or future business and financial conditions and results of operations. Any conflict which threatens the military, political or economic stability in Taiwan could have a material adverse effect on our current or future business and financial conditions and results of operations.
In addition, we also sell our AlterG products to a distributor in Russia. The current invasion of Ukraine by Russia has escalated tensions among the United States, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (“NATO”) and Russia. The current invasion of Ukraine by Russia has escalated tensions among the United States, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (“NATO”) and Russia. The United States and other NATO member states, as well as non-member states, have announced sanctions against Russia and certain Russian banks, enterprises and individuals. AlterG prior to the acquisition, and Lifeward subsequent to the acquisition, has remained in compliance with these sanctions by obtaining export licenses for each shipment to our distributor that serves Russia. These and any future additional sanctions and any resulting conflict between Russia, the United States and NATO countries could have an adverse impact on our current operations. These and any future additional sanctions and any resulting conflict between Russia, the United States and NATO countries could have an adverse impact on our current operations.
Further, such invasion, ongoing military conflict, resulting sanctions and related countermeasures by NATO states, the United States and other countries are likely to lead to market disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices, credit and capital markets, as well as supply chain interruptions for equipment, which could have an adverse impact on our operations and financial performance.
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Our future growth and operating results will depend on our ability to develop, receive regulatory clearance for and commercialize new products and penetrate new product and geographic markets.
We are currently engaged in research and development efforts to address the needs of patients with mobility impairments besides paraplegia, such as stroke, and, in the future, we may engage in efforts to address these needs in patients with other conditions such as multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, Parkinson’s disease and elderly assistance. In 2019, we commercialized the ReStore Exo-Suit for stroke rehabilitation. While we previously marketed this product in multiple markets, we ceased sales in the European Union in May 2024 and the product currently represents a limited portion of our business. For more information, see “Part, Item 1. Business—ReStore Products” above. For more information, see “Part I, Item 1. Business—Employees” above. While our Collaboration Agreement with Harvard for the design, research and develop lightweight exoskeleton system technologies for lower limb disabilities intended to treat stroke, multiple sclerosis, mobility limitations for the elderly and other medical applications successfully concluded on March 31, 2022, Harvard has licensed to us certain of its intellectual property relating to lightweight exoskeleton system technologies for lower limb disabilities. While our Collaboration Agreement with Harvard for the design, research and develop lightweight exoskeleton system technologies for lower limb disabilities intended to treat stroke, multiple sclerosis, mobility limitations for the elderly and other medical applications successfully concluded on March 31, 2022, Harvard has licensed to us certain of its intellectual property relating to lightweight exoskeleton system technologies for lower limb disabilities. We are obligated to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop products under the license in accordance with an agreed-upon development plan and to introduce and market such products commercially. We are obligated to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop products under the license in accordance with an agreed-upon development plan and to introduce and market such products commercially.
Our future growth will depend on our ability to expand the adoption of our existing ReWalk and AlterG product lines and to successfully develop and commercialize new products and technologies addressing mobility impairments. As such, our future results will depend on our ability to successfully develop and commercialize such new products and to penetrate targeted rehabilitation and mobility markets with our existing and future products. As such, our future results will depend on our ability to successfully develop and commercialize such new products and to penetrate our targeted markets with our existing ReStore product in larger scale than we have done to date. We cannot ensure that we will be able to introduce new products, products currently under development or products contemplated for future development for additional indications in a timely manner, or at all, as it depends on our available resources to fund such projects, as well as our ability to conduct clinical trials and testing. We cannot ensure that we will be able to introduce new products, products currently under development or products contemplated for future development for additional indications in a timely manner, or at all, as it depends on our available resources to fund such projects, as well as our ability to conduct clinical trials and testing. While we have previously obtained regulatory clearance for certain of our products, obtaining clearance for any other products we may develop could be an extensive, costly, and time-consuming process, which could delay any planned commercialization timelines. For more information on the clearance processes for our products, see “Part I, Item 1. Business—Government Regulation” above. For more information on the clearance processes for our products, see “Part I, Item 1. Business—Government Regulation” above.
Harvard may terminate its License Agreement with us if we fail to maintain the requisite insurance or become insolvent. Any such termination of this aspect of the collaboration with Harvard could impair our research and development efforts into lightweight soft suit exoskeleton system technologies for lower limb disabilities such as the ReBoot device which is intended to be used at home by people who suffered a stroke. Any such termination of this aspect of the collaboration with Harvard could impair our research and development efforts into lightweight soft suit exoskeleton system technologies for lower limb disabilities such as the ReBoot device which is intended to be used at home by people who suffered a stroke. In addition, we may not be able to clinically demonstrate the medical benefits of our products for new indications. We have limited clinical data demonstrating the benefits of our products and we might not be able to support the economic benefits our products have for our potential customers. We have limited clinical data demonstrating the benefits of our products and we might not be able to support the economic benefits our products have for our potential customers. We may also be unable to gain necessary regulatory clearances or approvals to enable us to market new products for additional indications or the regulatory process may be more costly and time-consuming than expected, which could adversely impact us given our cash position and ongoing capital requirements. We may also be unable to gain necessary regulatory clearances or approvals to enable us to market new products for additional indications or the regulatory process may be more costly and time-consuming than expected, which could adversely impact us given our cash position and ongoing capital requirements.
Even if we are successful in the design and development of new products, our growth and results of operations will depend on our ability to penetrate new markets and gain acceptance and reimbursement coverage in non-SCI markets such as the stroke rehabilitation market, and, in the longer term, the home use device market for stroke-caused lower limb disability, multiple sclerosis, elderly assistance and cerebral palsy patients. We may not be able to gain such market acceptance and coverage for these indications in a timely manner, or at all.
While our new products currently under development will share some aspects of the core technology platform of our current products, their design features and components may differ from our current products. Accordingly, these products will also be subject to the risks described in the risk factor immediately below entitled “We rely primarily on sales of our ReWalk Personal Exoskeletons, AlterG Anti-Gravity systems, and MyoCycle FES cycles and related service contracts and extended warranties for our revenue. Accordingly, these products will also be subject to the risks described in the risk factor immediately below entitled “We rely on sales of our ReWalk Personal Exoskeletons, AlterG Anti-Gravity systems, and ReStore Exo-Suits and related service contracts and extended warranties for our revenue. We may not be able to achieve or maintain market acceptance of our ReWalk, AlterG, or ReStore products, or to generate sufficient revenue from these current and future products to sustain our operations.” To the extent we are unable to successfully develop and commercialize products beyond our existing commercial product portfolio, we will not meet our operating and financial objectives.
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We rely primarily on sales of our ReWalk Personal Exoskeletons, AlterG Anti-Gravity systems, and MyoCycle FES cycles and related service contracts and extended warranties for our revenue. We may not be able to achieve or maintain market acceptance of our ReWalk, AlterG, or MyoCycle products or to generate sufficient revenue from these current and future products to sustain our operations.
We currently rely, and expect in the future to rely, on sales of our ReWalk Personal Exoskeletons, AlterG Anti-Gravity systems, MyoCycle FES cycles, and related consumables, services, and extended warranties for our revenue. In 2019, we commercialized the ReStore lightweight soft exo-suit for stroke rehabilitation in the United States and the European Union following receipt of FDA clearance and CE mark. We ceased sales of the ReStore in the European Union in May 2024, and the product currently represents a limited portion of our overall business. Several factors could negatively affect our ability to achieve and maintain market acceptance of our ReWalk, AlterG, or ReStore systems, which could in turn materially impair our business, financial condition, and operating results, as follows:
ReStore. The ReStore system is designed to provide advantages to stroke rehabilitation clinics and therapists as compared to other traditional therapies and devices by minimizing setup time, improving patients’ clinical results during therapy, supplying real-time analytics to optimize session productivity, and generating ongoing data reports to assist with tracking patient progress Since the ReStore device is currently only indicated for use in the rehabilitative clinical setting, its market reception will depend heavily on our ability to demonstrate to clinics and therapists the systemic and economic benefits of using the ReStore device, its clinical advantage when compared to other devices or manual therapy, the functionality of the device for a significant portion of the patients that they treat and the overall advantages that the device provides to their patients compared to other technologies. The ReStore system is designed to provide advantages to stroke rehabilitation clinics and therapists as compared to other traditional therapies and devices by minimizing setup time, improving patients’ clinical results during therapy, supplying real-time analytics to optimize session productivity, and generating ongoing data reports to assist with tracking patient progress Since the ReStore device is currently only indicated for use in the rehabilitative clinical setting, its market reception will depend heavily on our ability to demonstrate to clinics and therapists the systemic and economic benefits of using the ReStore device, its clinical advantage when compared to other devices or manual therapy, the functionality of the device for a significant portion of the patients that they treat and the overall advantages that the device provides to their patients compared to other technologies. The ReStore system is indicated for use in clinical rehabilitation settings. The product previously received FDA clearance and CE mark in 2019; however, we ceased sales of the ReStore in the European Union in May 2024 and the CE mark is no longer maintained. The ReStore system currently represents a limited and non-material portion of our business in the United States.
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As a general matter, achieving and maintaining market acceptance of our current or future products could be negatively impacted by many other factors, including, but not limited to the following: contribution to death or serious injury or malfunction, results of clinical studies relating to our or similar products; claims that our products, or any of their components, infringe on patent or other intellectual property rights of third parties; our ability to support financially and leverage our sales, marketing and training infrastructure, as well as our level of research and development efforts; our ability to enhance and broaden our research and development efforts and product offerings in response to the evolving demands of people with paraplegia and lower limb disability and healthcare providers; our estimates regarding our current or future addressable market; perceived risks associated with the use of our products or similar products or technologies; the introduction of new competitive products or greater acceptance of competitive products; adverse regulatory or legal actions relating to our products or similar products or technologies; and problems arising from the outsourcing of our manufacturing capabilities, or our existing manufacturing and supply relationships. Any or all of these factors could materially and negatively impact our business, financial condition and operating results.
The market for medical exoskeletons, including soft suit devices, remains relatively new and unproven, and important assumptions about the potential market for our current and future products may be inaccurate.
The market for medical exoskeletons, including lightweight exo-suit devices, remains relatively new and unproven. Accordingly, it is difficult to predict the future size and rate of growth of the market. Accordingly, it is difficult to predict the future size and rate of growth of the market. We cannot be certain whether the market will continue to develop or if medical exoskeletons will achieve and sustain a level of market acceptance and demand sufficient for us to continue to generate revenue and achieve profitability.
We obtained FDA de novo authorization for our ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton device in June 2014. FDA subsequently cleared 510(k) premarket notifications for modifications to the ReWalk, including for use of the ReWalk on curbs and stairs. In March 2025, the FDA granted 510(k) clearance for our ReWalk 7 next-generation personal exoskeleton system. This marketing authorization permits us to market the device for use by individuals with spinal cord injury at levels T7 to L5 to perform ambulatory functions in home and community settings with supervision of a specially certified companion, and for use by individuals in rehabilitation institutions with spinal cord injury at levels T4 to T6. We obtained FDA clearance for our ReStore system in June 2019, which permits the device to be used in rehabilitation institutions under the supervision of a trained therapist to assist ambulatory functions for individuals with hemiplegia or hemiparesis due to stroke who are able to ambulate at least 1.5 meters (5 feet) with minimal to moderate assistance. This marketing authorization permits us to market the device for use by individuals with spinal cord injury at levels T7 to L5 and for use by individuals in rehabilitation institutions with spinal cord injury at levels T4 to T6. We obtained FDA clearance for our ReStore system in June 2019. This clearance permits us to market the device to be used to assist ambulatory functions in rehabilitation institutions under supervision of a trained therapist for people with hemiplegia or hemiparesis due to stroke who can ambulate at least 1.5 meters (5 feet) with no more than minimal to moderate levels of assistance. While the ReStore system remains cleared by the FDA, the product currently represents a limited portion of our business.
Future products for those with paraplegia or other mobility impairments or spinal cord injuries may have the same or other restrictions.
Our business strategy is based, in part, on our estimates of the number of individuals with physical limitations and disability and considers the occurrence of spinal cord injuries, strokes, lower-extremity orthopedic injury or surgery, neurological disease, and obesity in our target markets, and the percentage of those groups that would be able to use our current and future products. Limited sources exist to obtain reliable market data with respect to the number of mobility-impaired individuals and the incurrence of spinal cord injuries and strokes in our target markets. Limited sources exist to obtain reliable market data with respect to the number of mobility-impaired individuals and the incurrence of spinal cord injuries and strokes in our target markets. In addition, there are no third-party reports or studies regarding what percentage of those with limited mobility and/or spinal cord injuries would be able to use exoskeletons, in general, or our current or planned future products, in particular. In addition, there are no third-party reports or studies regarding what percentage of those with limited mobility and/or spinal cord injuries would be able to use exoskeletons, in general, or our current or planned future products, in particular. Our assumptions may be inaccurate and may change.
The NSCISC estimates according to its 2024 SCI Data Sheet that there are 308,000 people in the United States living with SCI, with an annual incidence of approximately 18,000 new cases per year. Based on information from the 2023 annual report published by the NSCISC, 40% of the total U.S. population of SCI patients suffered injuries between levels T4 and L5. Four published ReWalk trials with respect to such eligible SCI patients had an aggregate screening acceptance rate of 50% considering all current FDA limitations, resulting in an estimated 20% of the total population of SCI patients being qualified candidates for current ReWalk products under its medical labeling criteria. There may be other permanent or short-term factors that affect the market size such as the ability to participate in the training program, the ability to use the device in the user’s current home environment as well as available companion support. With respect to our ReStore product for stroke rehabilitation, the device is indicated for use in rehabilitation clinics under the supervision of trained therapists. While there are numerous inpatient, outpatient and rehabilitation clinics in the United States that treat stroke patients, the ReStore product currently represents a limited portion of our business. For more information regarding our product portfolio and market opportunities, see “Part I, Item 1. Business—ReWalk Personal and ReWalk Rehabilitation Products—Market Opportunity. For more information regarding the potential market for future products, including our lightweight soft suit exoskeleton, see “Part I, Item 1. Business—ReWalk Personal and ReWalk Rehabilitation Products—Market Opportunity” above.
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We cannot assure you that our estimate regarding our current products is accurate or that our estimate regarding future products will remain the same. FDA or CE mark clearance for such products, if received at all, may contain different limitations from the ones the FDA or E.U. has placed on the devices we currently market for paraplegia. If our estimates of our current or future addressable market are incorrect, our business may not develop as we expect, and the price of our securities may suffer. If our estimates of our current or future addressable market are incorrect, our business may not develop as we expect, and the price of our securities may suffer.
We may fail to secure or maintain adequate insurance coverage or reimbursement for our products by third-party payors, which risk may be heightened if insurers find the products to be investigational or experimental or if new government regulations change existing reimbursement policies. Additionally, such coverage or reimbursement, even if maintained, may not produce revenue that is high enough to allow us to sell our products profitably.
We expect that in the future a significant source of payment for ReWalk systems will be private insurance plans and managed care programs, government programs such as Medicare, the VHA, workers’ compensation plans, and other third-party payors.
In the United States, generally, private insurance companies do not cover or provide reimbursement for any medical exoskeleton products for personal use, including ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton, and may ultimately provide no coverage at all. Additionally, there is limited clinical data related to the ReWalk and ReStore systems, and third-party payors may consider use of them to be experimental and therefore refuse to cover any or all of them. Additionally, the majority of independent medical review decisions to date made following the denial of ReWalk coverage have determined that ReWalk is experimental and/or investigational, citing a lack of clinical data.
As described above, in the United States, many private third-party payors use coverage decisions and payment amounts determined by CMS as guidelines in setting their coverage and reimbursement policies. In July 2020, CMS issued a Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System Level II Code for ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton. These codes are used to identify medical products and supplies and to facilitate insurance claim submissions and processing for these items. On November 1, 2023, CMS issued Calendar Year 2024 Home Health Prospective Payment System Rule, which explicitly included exoskeletons within a Medicare brace benefit category, effective January 1, 2024. On April 11, 2024, CMS revised its April 2024 DMEPOS Fee Schedule to include a final lump-sum Medicare purchase fee schedule amount for personal exoskeletons (HCPCS code K1007) with an established rate of $91,032, and under the January 2026 DMEPOS fee schedule, the maximum ceiling amount for HCPCS code K1007 is $114,097, effective January 1, 2026. CMS established the initial payment amount through a gap-filling methodology because the technology lacked a fee schedule-based pricing history and CMS concluded that lower-extremity exoskeletons could not be adequately described by, or considered comparable to, existing codes or combinations of codes. On November 1, 2023, CMS issued Calendar Year 2024 Home Health Prospective Payment System Rule CMS-1780, which explicitly included exoskeletons within a Medicare brace benefit category, effective January 1, 2024. On April 11, 2024, CMS revised its April 2024 DMEPOS Fee Schedule to include a final lump-sum Medicare purchase fee schedule amount for personal exoskeletons (HCPCS code K1007) with an established rate of $91,032. The final payment determination was made by CMS by applying a “gap filling” process, which was used in light of CMS determining that the code describing the technology has no fee schedule pricing history and that lower extremity exoskeletons incorporate “revolutionary features” that cannot be described by or considered comparable to any other existing code or combination of codes.
However, even with a positive coverage and reimbursement response from CMS regarding a product of ours, future action by CMS or other government agencies may diminish possible payments to physicians, outpatient centers and/or hospitals that purchase our products for use by their patients and possible payments to individuals who purchase the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton for their own use. Additionally, a decision by CMS to provide reimbursement could influence other payors, including private insurers. Additionally, a decision by CMS to provide reimbursement could influence other payors, including private insurers. The existence of a HCPCS code, a Medicare benefit category, or a fee schedule amount does not guarantee favorable claim determinations, adequate payment levels, broad beneficiary access, or adoption by commercial payors, and if CMS or its contractors impose restrictive payment, documentation, or coverage conditions, our products may not be reimbursed at a cost-effective level or at all. Those private third-party payors that do not follow the Medicare guidelines may adopt different coverage and reimbursement policies for purchase of our products or their use in a hospital or rehabilitative setting. In addition, we expect that the purchase of ReWalk Rehabilitation Exoskeleton systems and the ReStore system, as it is currently being sold for use in rehabilitative settings, will require the approval of senior management at hospitals or rehabilitation facilities, inclusion in the hospitals’ or rehabilitation facilities’ budget process for capital expenditures, and in the case of ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton, fundraising, and financial planning or assistance. In addition, we expect that the purchase of ReWalk Rehabilitation Exoskeleton systems and the ReStore system, as it is currently being sold for use in rehabilitative settings, will require the approval of senior management at hospitals or rehabilitation facilities, inclusion in the hospitals’ or rehabilitation facilities’ budget process for capital expenditures, and in the case of ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton, fundraising, and financial planning or assistance.
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In December 2015, the VHA issued a national reimbursement policy for the ReWalk system, which entails the evaluation, training and procurement of ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton systems for all qualifying veterans across the United States. In June 2018 the VHA updated its policy to expand training options for individuals who could not complete mandatory training because of distance or drive-time barriers.
Third-party payors are developing increasingly sophisticated methods of controlling healthcare costs. These cost control methods include prospective payment systems, capitated rates, benefit redesigns and an exploration of other cost-effective methods of delivering healthcare. These cost control methods include prospective payment systems, capitated rates, benefit redesigns and an exploration of other cost-effective methods of delivering healthcare. These cost control methods potentially limit the amount that healthcare providers may be willing to pay for electronic exoskeleton medical technology if they provide coverage at all. These cost control methods potentially limit the amount that healthcare providers may be willing to pay for electronic exoskeleton medical technology if they provide coverage at all. We may be unable to sell our products on a profitable basis if third-party payors deny coverage or provide insufficient levels of reimbursement.
Future legislation could result in modifications to the existing public and private health care insurance systems that would have a material adverse effect on the reimbursement policies discussed above. If enacted and implemented, any measures to restrict health care spending could result in decreased revenue from our products and decrease potential returns from our research and development initiatives.
Outside the United States, in September 2017, BARMER signed a confirmation and letter of agreement regarding the provision of ReWalk systems for all qualifying beneficiaries and the German national social accident insurance provider DGUV indicated that its member payors will approve the supply of exoskeleton systems for qualifying beneficiaries on a case-by-case basis. In February 2025, we finalized an agreement with BARMER to formalize the reimbursement process for the provision of ReWalk exoskeletons to medically eligible beneficiaries. However, no broad uniform policy of coverage and reimbursement for electronic exoskeleton medical technology exists among third-party payors in the United States, although reimbursement may be achieved on a case-by-case basis. However, no broad uniform policy of coverage and reimbursement for electronic exoskeleton medical technology exists among third-party payors in the United States, although reimbursement may be achieved on a case-by-case basis. To date, payments for our products, which are largely for our ReWalk systems, have been made primarily through case-by-case determinations by third-party payors (including several private insurers in the United States), by self-payors and, to a lesser extent, through the use of funds from insurance and/or accident settlements. To date, payments for our products, which are largely for our ReWalk systems, have been made primarily through case-by-case determinations by third-party payors (including several private insurers in the United States), by self-payors and, to a lesser extent, through the use of funds from insurance and/or accident settlements.
Defects in our products or the software that drives them could adversely affect the results of our operations.
The design, manufacture and marketing of our products involve certain inherent risks. Manufacturing or design defects, unanticipated use of ReWalk, ReStore, or AlterG, or inadequate disclosure of risks relating to the use of our products can lead to injury or other adverse events. Manufacturing or design defects, unanticipated use of ReWalk, ReStore, or AlterG, or inadequate disclosure of risks relating to the use of our products can lead to injury or other adverse events. In addition, because the manufacturing of some of our products is outsourced to Cirtronics, the original equipment manufacturer of such products, we may not be aware of manufacturing defects that could occur. In addition, because the manufacturing of some of our products is outsourced to Sanmina, the original equipment manufacturer of such products, we may not be aware of manufacturing defects that could occur. Such adverse events could lead to recalls or safety alerts relating to those products (either voluntary or required by the FDA or similar governmental authorities in other countries), and could result, in certain cases, in the removal of our products from the market. Such adverse events could lead to recalls or safety alerts relating to those products (either voluntary or required by the FDA or similar governmental authorities in other countries), and could result, in certain cases, in the removal of our products from the market. A recall could result in significant costs. To the extent any manufacturing defect occurs, our agreement with Cirtronics contains a limitation on Cirtronics’s liability, and therefore we could be required to incur the majority of related costs. To the extent any manufacturing defect occurs, our agreement with Sanmina contains a limitation on Sanmina’s liability, and therefore we could be required to incur the majority of related costs. Product defects or recalls could also result in our inability to profitably grow our business due to parts shortages, increased field service demand, and inventory shortages, and the resulting negative publicity, customer dissatisfaction, damage to our reputation or, in some circumstances, delays in new product clearances or approvals. Product defects or recalls could also result in our inability to profitably grow our business due to parts shortages, increased field service demand, and inventory shortages, and the resulting negative publicity, customer dissatisfaction, damage to our reputation or, in some circumstances, delays in new product clearances or approvals.
When an exoskeleton is used by a paralyzed individual to walk, the individual relies completely on the exoskeleton to hold him or her upright. Between 2013 and 2021, we submitted medical device reports (“MDRs”) to the FDA (and equivalent authorities outside of the United States) relating to reports of falls and fractures of individuals using the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton system. Between 2013 and 2021, we submitted medical device reports (“MDRs”) to the FDA (and equivalent authorities outside of the United States) relating to reports of falls and fractures of individuals using the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton system. We conducted a voluntary correction related to certain use instructions in the device’s labeling, which the FDA classified as a Class II recall. We conducted a voluntary correction related to certain use instructions in the device’s labeling, which the FDA classified as a Class II recall. The recall was closed in November 2019, and the FDA cleared our 510(k) containing revised instructions for use in May 2020. Since that time, we have submitted eight further MDRs. The recall was closed in November 2019, and the FDA cleared our 510(k) containing revised instructions for use in May 2020. Since that time, we have submitted seven further MDRs.
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In addition, our products incorporate sophisticated computer software and hardware. Complex software frequently contains errors, especially when first introduced. Our software may experience errors or performance problems in the future. If any part of our product’s hardware or software were to fail, the user could experience death or serious injury. For example, in 2021 ReWalk submitted MDRs to the FDA and medical device vigilance reports to the European regulatory authorities and initiated a correction in response to two complaints regarding battery thermal runaway events. For example, in 2021 ReWalk submitted medical device reports to the FDA and medical device vigilance reports to the European regulatory authorities and initiated a correction in response to two complaints regarding battery thermal runaway events. The correction that includes clarification of previous instructions and additional information on battery operation and storage is closed in Europe and in the United States. The correction that includes clarification of previous instructions and additional information on battery operation and storage is closed in Europe and in the United States. ReWalk separately initiated a design project to improve power management and battery operation during charge and discharge, and this design improvement was released in the ReWalk 7 Personal Exoskeleton. Additionally, users may not use or maintain our products in accordance with safety, storage, and training protocols, which could enhance the risk of death or injury. Any such occurrence could cause delay in market acceptance of our products, damage to our reputation, the need for additional regulatory filings, product recalls, increased service and warranty costs, product liability claims, and loss of revenue relating to hardware or software defects. Any such occurrence could cause delay in market acceptance of our products, damage to our reputation, the need for additional regulatory filings, product recalls, increased service and warranty costs, product liability claims, and loss of revenue relating to hardware or software defects.
The medical device industry has historically been subject to extensive litigation over product liability claims. We have been and anticipate that as part of our ordinary course of business we may be subject to product liability claims alleging defects in the design, manufacture, or labeling of any of our products which has resulted in an injury or death. We have been and anticipate that as part of our ordinary course of business we may be subject to product liability claims alleging defects in the design, manufacture, or labeling of any of our products which has resulted in an injury or death. A product liability claim, regardless of its merit or eventual outcome, could result in significant legal defense costs and high punitive damage payments. A product liability claim, regardless of its merit or eventual outcome, could result in significant legal defense costs and high punitive damage payments. Although we maintain product liability insurance, the coverage is subject to deductibles and limitations, and may not be adequate to cover future claims. Additionally, we may be unable to maintain our existing product liability insurance in the future at satisfactory rates or adequate amounts. Any alleged defect that has resulted in an adverse event involving our products could result in future voluntary corrective actions, such as recalls or customer letters, or in an FDA enforcement action, such as a mandatory recall, notification to healthcare professionals and users, warning letter, seizure, injunction or import alert. Any alleged defect that has resulted in an adverse event involving our products could result in future voluntary corrective actions, such as recalls or customer letters, or in an FDA enforcement action, such as a mandatory recall, notification to healthcare professionals and users, warning letter, seizure, injunction or import alert. In addition, failure to report such adverse events to appropriate government authorities on a timely basis, or at all, could result in enforcement action against us. Any action, whether voluntary or involuntary, as well as defending ourselves in a lawsuit, will require financial resources and distract management, and may harm our reputation and financial results. Any action, whether voluntary or involuntary, as well as defending ourselves in a lawsuit, will require financial resources and distract management, and may harm our reputation and financial results.
If we are unable to leverage our sales, marketing, and training infrastructure we may fail to increase our sales.
A key element of our long-term business strategy is the continued leveraging of our sales, marketing, training, and reimbursement infrastructure, through the training, retention, and motivation of skilled sales and marketing representatives and reimbursement personnel with industry experience and knowledge. Our ability to derive revenue from sales of our products depends largely on our ability to market the products and obtain reimbursements for them. Our ability to derive revenue from sales of our products depends largely on our ability to market the products and obtain reimbursements for them. In order to continue growing our business efficiently, we must therefore coordinate the development of our sales, marketing, training and reimbursement infrastructure with the timing of regulatory approvals, decisions regarding reimbursements, limited resources consideration and other factors in various geographies. In order to continue growing our business efficiently, we must therefore coordinate the development of our sales, marketing, training and reimbursement infrastructure with the timing of regulatory approvals, decisions regarding reimbursements, limited resources consideration and other factors in various geographies. Managing and maintaining our sales and marketing infrastructure is expensive and time consuming, and an inability to leverage such an organization effectively, or in coordination with regulatory or other developments, could inhibit potential sales and the penetration and adoption of our products into both existing and new markets. Managing and maintaining our sales and marketing infrastructure is expensive and time consuming, and an inability to leverage such an organization effectively, or in coordination with regulatory or other developments, could inhibit potential sales and the penetration and adoption of our products into both existing and new markets. However, certain decisions we make regarding staffing in these areas in our efforts to maintain an adequate spending level could have unintended negative effects on our revenue, such as by weakening our sales infrastructure, impairing our reimbursement efforts and/or harming the quality of our customer service. However, certain decisions we make regarding staffing in these areas in our efforts to maintain an adequate spending level could have unintended negative effects on our revenue, such as by weakening our sales infrastructure, impairing our reimbursement efforts and/or harming the quality of our customer service.
Additionally, we expect to face significant challenges as we manage and continue to improve our sales and marketing infrastructure and work to retain the individuals who make up those networks. Newly hired sales representatives require training and take time to achieve full productivity. If we fail to train new hires adequately, or if we experience high turnover in our sales force in the future, we cannot be certain that new hires will become as productive as may be necessary to maintain or increase our sales. If we fail to train new hires adequately, or if we experience high turnover in our sales force in the future, we cannot be certain that new hires will become as productive as may be necessary to maintain or increase our sales. In addition, if we are not able to retain existing and recruit new trainers to our clinical staff, we may not be able to successfully train customers on the use of ReWalk, AlterG, or ReStore systems which could inhibit new sales and harm our reputation. In addition, if we are not able to retain existing and recruit new trainers to our clinical staff, we may not be able to successfully train customers on the use of ReWalk, AlterG, or ReStore systems which could inhibit new sales and harm our reputation. If we are unable to expand our sales, marketing, and training capabilities, we may not be able to effectively commercialize our products, or enhance the strength of our brand, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results. If we are unable to expand our sales, marketing, and training capabilities, we may not be able to effectively commercialize our products, or enhance the strength of our brand, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.
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The potential health benefits of our ReWalk products have not been substantiated by long-term clinical data, which could limit sales of such products.
Although published research and users of our ReWalk products have reported the potential secondary health benefits of our ReWalk products such as a reduction in pain and spasticity, improved bowel and urinary tract functions and emotional and psychosocial benefits, among others, currently there is no large scale, randomized clinical trial establishing the secondary health benefits of ReWalk products due to the relatively small size of the applicable user population. There is also a lack of randomized clinical data for such health benefits of the ReStore-specifically its long-term benefits following the usage of the product within the clinic as the trials conducted to date using this product are limited.
As a result, potential customers and healthcare providers may be slower to adopt or recommend ReWalk products or ReStore and third-party payors may not be willing to provide coverage or reimbursement for our products. In addition, future studies or clinical experience may indicate that treatment with our current or future products is not superior to treatment with alternative products or therapies. Such results could slow the adoption of our products and significantly reduce our sales.
We depend on third-party suppliers to manufacture our AlterG products and we rely on a limited number of third-party suppliers for certain components of our products.
We have contracted with Cirtronics, a well-established contract manufacturer with expertise in the medical device industry, for the manufacture of all our AlterG products and the sourcing of all of our components and raw materials for those products. We may terminate our relationship with Cirtronics through notice at least one year prior to the expiration of the initial term or renewal term of the contract. We may terminate our relationship with Cirtronics through notice at least one year prior to the expiration of the initial term or renewal term of the contract. Either we, on the one hand, or Cirtronics, on the other hand, may terminate the relationship in the event of a material breach, subject to a 45-day period. For our business strategy to be successful, Cirtronics must be able to manufacture our products in sufficient quantities, in compliance with regulatory requirements and quality control standards, in accordance with agreed upon specifications, at acceptable costs and quality levels, and on a timely basis. For our business strategy to be successful, each of Sanmina and AlterG must be able to manufacture our products in sufficient quantities, in compliance with regulatory requirements and quality control standards, in accordance with agreed upon specifications, at acceptable costs and quality levels, and on a timely basis. Increases in our product sales, whether forecasted or unanticipated, could strain the ability of Cirtronics to manufacture an increasingly large supply of our current or future products in a manner that meets these various requirements. Increases in our product sales, whether forecasted or unanticipated, could strain the ability of Sanmina or Cirtronics to manufacture an increasingly large supply of our current or future products in a manner that meets these various requirements. In addition, although we are not restricted from engaging an alternative manufacturer, and potentially have the capabilities to manufacture our products in-house, the process of moving our manufacturing activities would be time consuming and costly, and may limit our ability to meet our sales commitments, which could harm our reputation and could have a material adverse effect on our business. In the second quarter of 2025, we transitioned the manufacturing of our ReWalk products to our in-house manufacturer in an effort to reduce costs and provide us with more control over product quality. As a result, we terminated our agreement with Sanmina Corporation, an international contract manufacturer that manufactured our ReWalk products at its facility in Israel since 2013 and sourced the components and raw materials necessary for manufacturing. Moreover, the failure of Cirtronics to comply with applicable regulatory requirements could expose us to regulatory action including warning letters, product recalls, termination of distribution, product seizures or civil penalties. Moreover, the failure of either of Sanmina or Cirtronics to comply with applicable regulatory requirements could expose us to regulatory action including warning letters, product recalls, termination of distribution, product seizures or civil penalties.
We also rely on third-party suppliers, many of which contract directly with Cirtronics, to supply certain components of our products, and in some cases, we purchase these components ourselves. Neither Lifeward nor Cirtronics has long-term supply agreements with most of the suppliers and, in many cases, make purchases on a purchase order basis and our ability to secure adequate quantities of such products may be limited. Neither Lifeward, Sanmina, nor Cirtronics has long-term supply agreements with most of the suppliers and, in many cases, make purchases on a purchase order basis and our ability to secure adequate quantities of such products may be limited. Suppliers may encounter problems that limit their ability to manufacture components for our products, including financial difficulties or damage to their manufacturing equipment or facilities. If Lifeward or Cirtronics fails to obtain sufficient quantities of high-quality components to meet demand on a timely basis, we could lose customer orders, our reputation may be harmed, and our business could suffer. If Lifeward, Sanmina, or Cirtronics fails to obtain sufficient quantities of high-quality components to meet demand on a timely basis, we could lose customer orders, our reputation may be harmed, and our business could suffer.
Our results of operations and liquidity could be adversely impacted by supply chain disruptions and operational challenges faced by our manufacturer or suppliers. Cirtronics generally uses a small number of suppliers for the AlterG products. Depending on a limited number of suppliers exposes us to risks, including limited control over pricing, availability, quality, and delivery schedules. Depending on a limited number of suppliers exposes us to risks, including limited control over pricing, availability, quality, and delivery schedules. If any one or more of our suppliers ceases to provide sufficient quantities of components in a timely manner or on acceptable terms, we or Cirtronics would have to seek alternative sources of supply or accept price increases as we saw during the pandemic. If any one or more of our suppliers ceases to provide sufficient quantities of components in a timely manner or on acceptable terms, we, Sanmina, or Cirtronics would have to seek alternative sources of supply or accept price increase as we saw during the pandemic. It may be difficult to engage additional or replacement suppliers in a timely manner. Failure of these suppliers to deliver products at the level our business requires would limit our ability to meet our sales commitments, which could harm our reputation and could have a material adverse effect on our business. Failure of these suppliers to deliver products at the level our business requires would limit our ability to meet our sales commitments, which could harm our reputation and could have a material adverse effect on our business. The ability of these suppliers to perform is largely outside of our control. We or Cirtronics may also have difficulty obtaining similar components from other acceptable suppliers, which could require us to cease using the components, seek alternative components or technologies and we could be forced to modify our products to incorporate alternative components or technologies, which could result in a requirement to seek additional regulatory clearances or approvals. We, Sanmina, or Cirtronics also may have difficulty obtaining similar components from other acceptable suppliers, which could require Sanmina, Cirtronics, or us to cease using the components, seek alternative components or technologies and we could be forced to modify our products to incorporate alternative components or technologies, which could result in a requirement to seek additional regulatory clearances or approvals. Any disruption of this nature or increased expenses could harm our commercialization efforts and adversely affect our operating results. Any disruption of this nature or increased expenses could harm our commercialization efforts and adversely affect our operating results.
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Cirtronics manufacturing and assembly of our AlterG products pursuant to our specifications is conducted at a single facility in Milford, New Hampshire. Accordingly, we are highly dependent on the uninterrupted and efficient operation of these facilities. Accordingly, we are highly dependent on the uninterrupted and efficient operation of these facilities. If operations at either of these facilities were to be disrupted as a result of acts of war or terrorism, equipment failures, earthquakes and other natural disasters, fires, accidents, work stoppages, power outages, or other reasons such as a local shutdown as we experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. If operations at either of these facilities were to be disrupted as a result of acts of war or terrorism, equipment failures, earthquakes and other natural disasters, fires, accidents, work stoppages, power outages, or other reasons such as a local shutdown as we experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Although our manufacturing and assembly operations could be transferred elsewhere, either in-house or to alternative Cirtronics facilities, the process of relocating these operations would cause delays in production.” Although our manufacturing and assembly operations could be transferred elsewhere, either in-house or to alternative Sanmina or Cirtronics facilities, the process of relocating these operations would cause delays in production. Lost sales or increased costs that we may experience during the disruption, or a forced relocation, of operations may not be recoverable under our insurance policies, and longer-term business disruptions could result in a loss of customers. Lost sales or increased costs that we may experience during the disruption, or a forced relocation, of operations may not be recoverable under our insurance policies, and longer-term business disruptions could result in a loss of customers. If this were to occur, our business, financial condition and operations could be materially negatively impacted. Additionally, our reliance on Cirtronics as a contract manufacturer or any other contract manufacturer makes us vulnerable to possible capacity constraints and reduced control over component availability, delivery schedules, manufacturing yields and costs. Additionally, our reliance on Sanmina and Cirtronics as contract manufacturers or any other contract manufacturer makes us vulnerable to possible capacity constraints and reduced control over component availability, delivery schedules, manufacturing yields and costs.
We operate in a competitive industry that is subject to rapid technological change, and we expect competition to increase.
There are several other companies developing technology and devices that compete with our products. Our principal competitors in the medical exoskeleton market consist of Ekso Bionics, Rex Bionics, Cyberdyne, FREE Bionics, Wandercraft, and others. Our principal competitors in the medical exoskeleton market consist of Ekso Bionics, Rex Bionics, Cyberdyne, FREE Bionics, Wandercraft, and others. These companies have products currently available for institutional use and in some cases personal use. We expect some of such products to become available for personal use in the next few years, especially as we continue to expand coverage by different payors and geographies. We expect some of such products to become available for personal use in the next few years, especially as we continue to expand coverage by different payors and geographies. In addition, we compete with alternative devices and alternative therapies, including treadmill-based gait therapies, such as those offered by DIH (formerly known as Hocoma), Boost, Aretech, BTL, Reha Technology, and Bioness, which is a unit of Bioventus. In addition, we compete with alternative devices and alternative therapies, including treadmill-based gait therapies, such as those offered by DIH (formerly known as Hocoma), Boost, Aretech, BTL, Reha Technology, and Bioness, which is a unit of Bioventus. Our competitor base may change or expand as we continue to develop and commercialize our soft suit exoskeleton product in the future. These or other medical device or robotics companies, academic and research institutions, or others, may develop new technologies or therapies that provide a superior walking and usage experience, are more effective in treating the secondary medical conditions that we target or are less expensive than ReWalk, AlterG, or ReStore, or future products. Our technologies and products could be rendered obsolete by such developments. We may also compete with other treatments and technologies that address the secondary medical conditions that our products seek to mitigate. We may also compete with other treatments and technologies that address the secondary medical conditions that our products seek to mitigate.
Our competitors may respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies, undertake more extensive marketing campaigns, have greater financial, marketing, and other resources than we do or may be more successful in attracting potential customers, employees, and strategic partners. In addition, potential customers, such as hospitals and rehabilitation centers, could have long-standing or contractual relationships with competitors or other medical device companies. In addition, potential customers, such as hospitals and rehabilitation centers, could have long-standing or contractual relationships with competitors or other medical device companies. Potential customers may be reluctant to adopt ReWalk, AlterG, or ReStore, particularly if it competes with or has the potential to compete with or diminish the need/utilization of products or treatments supported through these existing relationships. If we are not able to compete effectively, our business and results of operations will be negatively impacted.
In addition, because we operate in a new market, the actions of our competitors could adversely affect our business. Adverse events such as product defects or legal claims with respect to competing or similar products could cause reputational harm to the exoskeleton market on the whole. Adverse events such as product defects or legal claims with respect to competing or similar products could cause reputational harm to the exoskeleton market on the whole. Further, adverse regulatory findings or reimbursement-related decisions with respect to other exoskeleton products could negatively impact the entire market and, accordingly, our business. Further, adverse regulatory findings or reimbursement-related decisions with respect to other exoskeleton products could negatively impact the entire market and, accordingly, our business.
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We utilize independent distributors for the ReWalk and AlterG products who are free to market other products that compete with ours.
While we expect that the percentage of our sales generated from independent distributors will decrease over time as we continue to focus our resources on achieving reimbursement within our direct markets in the United States and Europe, we believe that independent distributors of the ReWalk or AlterG products will continue to be an important distribution channel for us in the future. None of our independent distributors has been required to sell our products exclusively. None of our independent distributors has been required to sell our products exclusively. Our agreements with these distributors generally have one-year initial terms and automatic renewals for an additional year. If any of our key independent distributors of the ReWalk or AlterG products were to cease to distribute our products, our sales could be adversely affected. If any of our key independent distributors of the ReWalk or ReStore products were to cease to distribute our products, our sales could be adversely affected. In such a situation, we may need to seek alternative independent distributors or increase our reliance on our other independent distributors or our direct sales representatives, which may not prevent our sales from being adversely affected. In such a situation, we may need to seek alternative independent distributors or increase our reliance on our other independent distributors or our direct sales representatives, which may not prevent our sales from being adversely affected. Additionally, to the extent that we enter additional arrangements with independent distributors to perform sales, marketing, or distribution services, the terms of the arrangements could cause our product margins to be lower than if we directly marketed and sold our products. Additionally, to the extent that we enter into additional arrangements with independent distributors to perform sales, marketing, or distribution services, the terms of the arrangements could cause our product margins to be lower than if we directly marketed and sold our products.
We may receive a significant number of warranty claims or our ReWalk, AlterG, or ReStore systems may require significant amounts of service after sale.
Sales of ReWalk systems generally include a five-year warranty for parts and services, other than for normal wear and tear. However, systems sold to customers reimbursed through CMS programs are typically provided with a two-year warranty. Some of our active devices delivered prior to 2019 included a two-year warranty, and these customers have the option to purchase an extended warranty for up to an additional three years. Some of our active devices were delivered prior to 2019 with a two-year warranty so we provide these customers with the option to purchase an extended warranty for up to an additional three years. Our ReStore product offering includes a two-year warranty for parts and services, and AlterG Anti-Gravity systems are sold with a one-year factory warranty covering parts and services. Our ReStore product offering includes a two-year warranty for parts and services. If warranty claims, product returns, or service requirements exceed our expectations, we may incur unanticipated costs for parts and services, which could materially adversely affect our operating results.
We may not be able to enhance our exoskeleton product offerings through our research and development efforts.
In order to increase our sales and our market share in the exoskeleton market, we are working to enhance and broaden our research and development efforts and product offerings in response to the evolving demands of people with paraplegia, paralysis, other medical conditions and healthcare providers, as well as competitive technologies. We are also currently involved in ongoing research and development efforts directed to the needs of patients with other mobility impairments, such as stroke, and began commercializing our ReStore product for stroke patients in 2019. We currently market the device in the United States on a limited basis, and sales in the European Union ceased in May 2024. Depending on our future resources and business focus, we plan to address these needs in patients with other conditions or devices for stroke patients to be used at home, improving our current products, or developing products to address additional medical conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease or cerebral palsy and support elderly assistance. We may decide to invest our business development resources in partnerships, licensing agreements, business acquisition and other ways that will provide us new product offerings without significant research and development activities. We may decide to invest our business development resources in partnerships, licensing agreements, business acquisition and other ways that will provide us new product offerings without significant research and development activities. We may not be successful in developing, obtaining regulatory approval for, or marketing our currently proposed products, or our approved products for additional indications, products proposed to be created in the future or products that will be available for us through business acquisitions. We may not be successful in developing, obtaining regulatory approval for, or marketing our currently proposed products, or our approved products for additional indications, products proposed to be created in the future or products that will be available for us through business acquisitions. In addition, notwithstanding our market research efforts, our future products may not be accepted by consumers, their caregivers, healthcare providers or third-party payors who reimburse consumers for our products. In addition, notwithstanding our market research efforts, our future products may not be accepted by consumers, their caregivers, healthcare providers or third-party payors who reimburse consumers for our products. The success of any proposed product offerings will depend on numerous factors, including our ability to:
identify the product features that people with paraplegia or paralysis, their caregivers, and healthcare providers are seeking in a medical device that restores upright mobility and successfully incorporate those features into our products;
identify the product features that people with stroke, multiple sclerosis or other similar indications require while the products are used at home as well as what items are valuable to the clinics that provide them rehabilitation;
develop and introduce proposed products in sufficient quantities and in a timely manner;
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adequately protect our intellectual property and avoid infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third-parties;
demonstrate the safety, efficacy, and health benefits of proposed products; and
obtain the necessary regulatory clearances and approvals for proposed products.
If we fail to generate demand by developing products that incorporate features desired by consumers, their caregivers or healthcare providers, or if we do not obtain regulatory clearance or approval for proposed products in time to meet market demand, we may fail to generate sales sufficient to achieve or maintain profitability. We have in the past experienced, and we may in the future experience, delays in various phases of product development, including during research and development, manufacturing, limited release testing, marketing, and customer education efforts. We have in the past experienced, and we may in the future experience, delays in various phases of product development, including during research and development, manufacturing, limited release testing, marketing, and customer education efforts. Such delays could cause customers to delay or forgo purchases of our products, or to purchase our competitors’ products. Such delays could cause customers to delay or forgo purchases of our products, or to purchase our competitors’ products. Even if we are able to successfully develop proposed products when anticipated, these products may not produce sales in excess of the costs of development, and they may be quickly rendered obsolete by changing consumer preferences or the introduction by our competitors of products embodying new technologies or features.
We may enter into collaborations, in-licensing arrangements, joint ventures, strategic alliances, business acquisitions or partnerships with third parties that may not result in the development of commercially viable products or the generation of significant future revenue.
In the ordinary course of our business, we may enter into collaborations, in-licensing arrangements, joint ventures, strategic alliances, business acquisitions, partnerships or other arrangements to develop our products and to pursue new geographic or product markets. Proposing, negotiating, and implementing collaborations, in-licensing arrangements, joint ventures, strategic alliances, or partnerships may be a lengthy and complex process. Other companies, including those with substantially greater financial, marketing, sales, technology or other business resources, may compete with us for these opportunities or arrangements. We may not identify, secure, or complete any such transactions or arrangements in a timely manner, on a cost-effective basis, on acceptable terms or at all. We may not identify, secure, or complete any such transactions or arrangements in a timely manner, on a cost-effective basis, on acceptable terms or at all. We have limited institutional knowledge and experience with respect to these business development activities, and we may also not realize the anticipated benefits of any such transaction or arrangement. We have limited institutional knowledge and experience with respect to these business development activities, and we may also not realize the anticipated benefits of any such transaction or arrangement. In particular, these collaborations may not result in the development of products that achieve commercial success or result in significant revenue and could be terminated prior to developing any products. For example, we have entered into agreements with MediTouch and MYOLYN for the distribution of their products in the U.S. After several years of commercial collaboration, we determined that the agreement with MediTouch would not yield commercially acceptable results for us and we terminated the agreement as of January 31, 2023. Similarly, the distribution arrangement with MYOLYN or other new future arrangements may not be as productive or successful as we hope.
On May 16, 2016, we entered into the Collaboration Agreement and License Agreement with Harvard. Pursuant to the Collaboration Agreement, we have agreed to collaborate with Harvard for the research, design, development, and commercialization of lightweight exoskeleton system technologies for lower limb disabilities, aimed to treat stroke, multiple sclerosis, mobility limitations for the elderly and other medical applications. Pursuant to the Collaboration Agreement, we have agreed to collaborate with Harvard for the research, design, development, and commercialization of lightweight exoskeleton system technologies for lower limb disabilities, aimed to treat stroke, multiple sclerosis, mobility limitations for the elderly and other medical applications. The Collaboration Agreement concluded on March 31, 2022. The License Agreement will continue in full force and effect until the expiration of the last-to-expire valid claim of the licensed patents. For more information on the collaboration with Harvard, see “Part I. Item 1. Business - Research and Development - Research and Development Collaboration.”
Additionally, as we pursue these arrangements and choose to pursue other collaborations, in-licensing arrangements, joint ventures, strategic alliances, or partnerships in the future, we may not be in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding the transaction or arrangement. This could create the potential risk of creating impasses on decisions, and our collaborators may have economic or business interests or goals that are, or that may become, inconsistent with our business interests or goals. This could create the potential risk of creating impasses on decisions, and our collaborators may have economic or business interests or goals that are, or that may become, inconsistent with our business interests or goals. It is possible that conflicts may arise with our collaborators. Our collaborators or any future collaborators may act in their self-interest, which may be adverse to our best interest, and they may breach their obligations to us. Our collaborators or any future collaborators may act in their self-interest, which may be adverse to our best interest, and they may breach their obligations to us. Disputes between us and our collaborators or any future collaborators may result in litigation or arbitration which would increase our expenses and divert the attention of our management. Further, these transactions and arrangements are contractual in nature and may be terminated or dissolved under the terms of the applicable agreements. Our collaborators or any future collaborators may allege that we have breached our agreement with them, and accordingly seek to terminate such agreement, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. Our collaborators or any future collaborators may allege that we have breached our agreement with them, and accordingly seek to terminate such agreement, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects.
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We may seek to grow our business through acquisitions of businesses, products or technologies, and the failure to manage acquisitions, or the failure to integrate them with our existing business, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results.
From time to time, we may consider opportunities to acquire or license other products or technologies that may enhance our product platform or technology, expand the breadth of our markets or customer base, or advance our business strategies. For example, as discussed above in “Part I. Item 1. Business - Overview”, on August 11, 2023, we completed the acquisition of AlterG which became an indirect and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and on February 19, 2026, we entered into an Intellectual Property Assignment and Technology Transfer Agreement with Skelable Ltd. Item 1. Business - Overview”, on August 11, 2023, we completed the acquisition of AlterG which became an indirect and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. to acquire certain assets, including certain intellectual property and related technology assets. Potential acquisitions involve numerous risks, including:
problems integrating employees from an acquired organization into our company and integrating each company’s accounting, management information, human resources and other administrative systems;
unanticipated costs associated with acquisitions;
diversion of management’s attention from our existing business operations;
potential incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities or amortization expenses, or write-offs of goodwill;
risks associated with entering new markets in which we have limited or no experience; and
increased legal and accounting costs relating to the acquisitions or compliance with regulatory matters.
We have no current commitments with respect to any acquisition or licensing. We do not know if we will be able to identify such acquisitions or licensing we deem suitable, whether we will be able to successfully complete any such transactions on favorable terms, or at all, or whether we will be able to successfully integrate any acquired products or technologies. We do not know if we will be able to identify such acquisitions or licensing we deem suitable, whether we will be able to successfully complete any such transactions on favorable terms, or at all, or whether we will be able to successfully integrate any acquired products or technologies. Our potential inability to integrate any acquired products or technologies effectively may adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition. Our potential inability to integrate any acquired products or technologies effectively may adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition. For more information, see the risk factor above entitled “Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry – We may fail to realize the benefits expected from our acquisition of AlterG, which could adversely affect the price of our ordinary shares. For more information, see the risk factor above entitled “Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry – We may fail to realize the benefits expected from our acquisition of AlterG, which could adversely affect the price of our ordinary shares.
Risks Related to Government Regulation
Although the FDA granted Breakthrough Device Designation status to our ReBoot device, this designation does not guarantee regulatory clearance, or a speedier clearance timeline.
In November 2021, the FDA granted Breakthrough Device Designation status to ReBoot, a personal soft exo-suit for home and community use by individuals post-stroke. For more information regarding the Breakthrough Device, see “Part I, Item 1. Business-Government Regulation” above.
However, achieving Breakthrough Device Designation status does not guarantee regulatory clearance or approval or a speedier clearance or approval timeline. We have not yet submitted a premarket submission to the FDA or any foreign regulatory agency for clearance or other marketing authorization of ReBoot. Further investment in the development path of the ReBoot was paused in 2023 pending determination regarding the clinical and commercial opportunity of this device and it remains indefinitely on hold. Further investment in the development path of the ReBoot was paused in 2023 pending determination regarding the clinical and commercial opportunity of this device and it remains indefinitely on hold.
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U.S. healthcare reform measures and other potential legislative initiatives could adversely affect our business.
Changes in United States federal and state legislation, regulation, global trade, reimbursement policy, enforcement priorities, and government policy could substantially impact our business and the medical device industry generally. Certain proposals, if enacted into law, could impose limitations on the prices we will be able to charge for our ReWalk system or any products we may develop and offer in the future, or the amounts of reimbursement available for such products from governmental agencies or third-party payors. Certain proposals, if enacted into law, could impose limitations on the prices we will be able to charge for our ReWalk system or any products we may develop and offer in the future, or the amounts of reimbursement available for such products from governmental agencies or third-party payors. Additionally, any reduction in reimbursement from Medicare or other government-funded federal programs, including the VHA, or state healthcare programs could lead to a similar reduction in payments from private commercial payors. Additionally, any reduction in reimbursement from Medicare or other government-funded federal programs, including the VHA, or state healthcare programs could lead to a similar reduction in payments from private commercial payors. The FDA’s policies may also change, and additional government regulations may be issued that could prevent, limit, or delay regulatory approval of our future products, or impose more stringent product labeling and post-marketing testing and other requirements. The FDA’s policies may also change, and additional government regulations may be issued that could prevent, limit, or delay regulatory approval of our future products, or impose more stringent product labeling and post-marketing testing and other requirements.
We expect that changes or additions to the Medicare and Medicaid programs and changes stemming from other healthcare reform measures, especially with regard to healthcare access, financing or other legislation in individual states, could have a material adverse effect on the healthcare industry and on coverage, reimbursement, purchasing decisions, capital budgets, and demand for our products.
The Budget Control Act of 2011, among other things, created the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction to recommend proposals in spending reductions to Congress. The Joint Select Committee did not achieve its targeted deficit reduction of an amount greater than $1.2 trillion for the fiscal years 2012 through 2021, triggering the legislation’s automatic reductions to several government programs. These reductions included aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to healthcare providers of up to 2% per fiscal year. The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 retained the federal budget “sequestration” Medicare payment reductions of 2% and extended it through 2031. Under the Consolidated Appropriations Acts of 2023 and 2024, the Medicare sequester percentage in FY2032 is scheduled to be 2% from April 1, 2032, through September 30, 2032, and 0% for October 1, 2032 through March 31, 2033, unless congressional action is taken. The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 retained the federal budget “sequestration” Medicare payment reductions of 2% and extended it through 2031. Under the Consolidated Appropriations Acts of 2023 and 2024, the Medicare sequester percentage in FY2032 is scheduled to be 2% from April 1, 2032, through September 30, 2032, and 0% for October 1, 2032, through March 31, 2032, unless congressional action is taken.
On January 2, 2013, the American Taxpayer Relief Act was signed into law, which, among other things, reduced Medicare payments to several types of providers, including hospitals, imaging centers, and cancer treatment centers, and increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years.
The implementation of cost containment measures or other healthcare reforms may thus prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or further commercialize our existing or future products. We are currently unable to predict what additional legislation or regulation, if any, relating to the health care industry may be enacted in the future or what effect recently enacted federal legislation or any such additional legislation or regulation would have on our business. The pendency or approval of such proposals or reforms could result in a decrease in our stock price or limit our ability to raise capital or to enter into collaboration agreements for the further development and commercialization of our programs and products. The pendency or approval of such proposals or reforms could result in a decrease in our stock price or limit our ability to raise capital or to enter into collaboration agreements for the further development and commercialization of our programs and products.
Our devices are subject to the FDA’s regulations pertaining to marketing and promotional communications, among others. Failure to comply with such regulations may give rise to a number of potential FDA enforcement actions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our sales and marketing efforts, as well as promotions, are subject to various laws and regulations. Medical device promotions must be consistent with and not contrary to labeling and the indication for use, be truthful and not false or misleading, and be adequately substantiated. Medical device promotions must be consistent with and not contrary to labeling and the indication for use, be truthful and not false or misleading, and be adequately substantiated. In addition to the requirements applicable to 510(k)-cleared products, we may also be subject to enforcement action in connection with any promotion of an investigational new device. A sponsor or investigator, or any person acting on behalf of a sponsor or investigator, may not represent in a promotional context that an investigational new device is safe or effective for the purposes for which it is under investigation or otherwise promote the device.
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Our marketing and promotional materials are subject to FDA scrutiny to ensure that the device is being marketed in compliance with these requirements. If the FDA investigates our marketing and promotional materials and finds that any of our current or future commercial products were being marketed for unapproved or uncleared uses or in a false or misleading manner, we could be subject to FDA enforcement or enforcement from other government agencies, and/or false advertising consumer lawsuits, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We are subject to extensive governmental regulations relating to the manufacturing, labeling, and marketing of our products, and a failure to comply with such regulations could lead to withdrawal or recall of our products from the market.
Our medical products and manufacturing operations are subject to regulation by the FDA, the European Union, and other governmental authorities both inside and outside of the United States. These agencies enforce laws and regulations that govern the development, testing, manufacturing, labeling, storage, installation, servicing, advertising, promoting, marketing, distribution, import, export and market surveillance of our products.
Our products are regulated as medical devices in the United States under the Federal Food Drug, and Cosmetic Act, (“FFDCA”) as implemented and enforced by the FDA. Under the FFDCA, medical devices are classified into one of three classes (Class I, Class II or Class III) depending on the degree of risk associated with the medical device, what is known about the type of device, and the extent of control needed to provide reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness. Under the FFDCA, medical devices are classified into one of three classes—Class I, Class II or Class III—depending on the degree of risk associated with each medical device and the extent of control needed to provide reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness. Classification of a device is important because the class to which a device is assigned determines, among other things, the necessity and type of FDA review required prior to marketing the device. For more information, see “Part I, Item 1. Business-Government Regulation” above. For more information, see “Part I, Item 1. Business—Competition” above.
In June 2014, the FDA granted our request for “de novo” classification, which provides a route to market for medical devices that are low to moderate risk, but are not substantially equivalent to a predicate device, and classified ReWalk as Class II powered exoskeleton device subject to certain special controls. In March 2023 the FDA granted 510(k) clearance for the ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton with stair and curb functionality, which adds usage on stairs and curbs to the indication for use for the device in the U.S. In March 2025 we received 510(k) clearance from FDA for the ReWalk 7 Personal Exoskeleton, a next-generation ReWalk model. The ReWalk is intended to enable individuals with spinal cord injuries to perform ambulatory functions under supervision of a specially trained companion, indoor and outdoor. The special controls established in the de novo order for all powered exoskeletons include the following: clinical testing to demonstrate safe and effective use considering the level of supervision necessary and the use environment; non-clinical safety and performance testing, including durability testing to demonstrate that the device performs as intended under anticipated conditions of use; a training program; and labeling related to device use and user training. The special controls established in the de novo order for all powered exoskeletons include the following: clinical testing to demonstrate safe and effective use considering the level of supervision necessary and the use environment; non-clinical safety and performance testing, including durability testing to demonstrate that the device performs as intended under anticipated conditions of use; a training program; and labeling related to device use and user training. In order for us to market ReWalk, we must comply with both general controls, including controls related to quality, facility registration, reporting of adverse events and labeling, and the special controls established for the device. Failure to comply with these requirements could lead to an FDA enforcement action, which would have a material adverse effect on our business.
In June 2019, the FDA issued a 510(k) clearance for our ReStore device. ReStore is intended to be used to assist ambulatory functions in rehabilitation institutions under the supervision of a trained therapist for people with hemiplegia or hemiparesis due to stroke who have a specified amount of ambulatory function. ReStore is intended to be used to assist ambulatory functions in rehabilitation institutions under the supervision of a trained therapist for people with hemiplegia or hemiparesis due to stroke who have a specified amount of ambulatory function. In order for us to market ReStore and ReWalk, we must comply with both general controls, including controls related to quality, facility registration, reporting of adverse events and labeling, and the special controls established for powered exoskeleton devices as described above. In order for us to market ReStore and ReWalk, we must comply with both general controls, including controls related to quality, facility registration, reporting of adverse events and labeling, and the special controls established for powered exoskeleton devices as described above. Failure to comply with these requirements could lead to an FDA enforcement action, which would have a material adverse effect on our business.
In the E.U. we are subject to regulations and standards regulating the design, manufacture, clinical trials, labeling and adverse event (i.e., vigilance) reporting for medical devices. The Medical Devices Regulation (EU) 2017/745 (MDR) became fully applicable on May 26, 2021, repealing and replacing the pre-existing E.U. Medical Devices Directive 93/42/EEC, MDD. Medical Devices Directive 93/42/EEC, or MDD. Devices that comply with the requirements of the MDR, subject to certain transitional provisions that allow continued compliance of certain products to the MDD, are entitled to bear the CE mark, indicating that the device conforms to the essential requirements of the MDR and, accordingly, can be commercially distributed throughout the European Economic Area (i. Devices that comply with the requirements of the MDR, subject to certain transitional provisions that allow continued compliance of certain products to the Directive, are entitled to bear the CE mark, indicating that the device conforms to the essential requirements of the MDR and, accordingly, can be commercially distributed throughout the European Economic Area (i. e., the E.U. Member States plus Norway, Iceland, and Lichtenstein). We received the CE mark for our ReStore device under the MDD and because the ReStore was not planned for MDR conformity, we ceased sales of the ReStore in the E.U. in May 2024. For our ReWalk Systems, we received MDR certification for the ReWalk 7 Personal Exoskeleton device in September 2025. Prior models of our ReWalk system are CE marked under the MDD and continue to be placed on the EU market in compliance with the MDR transitional provisions. As compared with the MDD, the MDR includes additional premarket and post-market requirements, as well as potential product reclassifications and more stringent commercialization requirements that could adversely affect our CE mark. As compared with the Directive, the MDR includes additional premarket and post-market requirements, as well as potential product reclassifications and more stringent commercialization requirements that could adversely affect our CE mark. Failure to comply with these new requirements could lead to substantial penalties, including fines, revocation or suspension of the CE mark and criminal sanctions.
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Following the introduction of a product to a particular market, the competent governmental agencies in that market (and/or Notified Bodies in the E.U.) will periodically inspect our manufacturing processes and quality controls, and we are under a continuing obligation to ensure that all applicable regulatory requirements continue to be met. The process of complying with the applicable good manufacturing practices, adverse event reporting and other requirements can be costly and time consuming, and could delay or prevent the production, manufacturing, or sale of our devices. The process of complying with the applicable good manufacturing practices, adverse event reporting and other requirements can be costly and time consuming, and could delay or prevent the production, manufacturing, or sale of our devices. In addition, if we fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, it could result in fines, closure of manufacturing sites, seizures or recalls of products and damage to our reputation, as well as enforcement actions against us. In addition, if we fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, it could result in fines, closure of manufacturing sites, seizures or recalls of products and damage to our reputation, as well as enforcement actions against us. For example, the FDA could request that we recall our ReWalk Personal Exoskeleton or ReStore device in case of product defects or require us to conduct post-market surveillance studies. If we fail to recall the device and/or conduct requested post-market surveillance studies to FDA’s satisfaction, we could be subject to FDA enforcement action.
In addition, governmental agencies may impose new requirements regarding registration or labeling that may require us to modify or re-register our products or otherwise impact our ability to market our products in those countries. The process of complying with these governmental regulations can be costly and time-consuming, and could delay or prevent the production, manufacturing, or sale of our products. The process of complying with these governmental regulations can be costly and time consuming, and could delay or prevent the production, manufacturing, or sale of our products.
If we or our third-party manufacturers fail to comply with the FDA’s Quality Management System Regulation, or QMSR, our manufacturing operations could be interrupted.
We and our contract manufacturers, Sanmina and Cirtronics, are required to comply with the FDA’s QMSR which covers the methods and documentation of the design, testing, production, control, quality assurance, labeling, packaging, sterilization, storage, and shipping of our products. The QMSR became effective in February 2026 and amended the QSR. The QMSR incorporates by reference the international standard for medical device quality management systems set by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO 13485:2016. We, Sanmina, Cirtronics and our suppliers are also subject to the regulations of foreign jurisdictions regarding the manufacturing process if we or our distributors market our products abroad. We actively maintain compliance with the FDA’s QMSR, and the European Union’s Quality Management Systems requirements, ISO 13485:2016. We continue to monitor our quality management to maintain our overall level of compliance. Our facilities are subject to periodic and unannounced inspection by U.S. and foreign regulatory agencies to audit compliance with the QMSR and comparable foreign regulations. If our facilities or those of Sanmina of Cirtronics or our suppliers are found to be in violation of applicable laws and regulations, or if we, Sanmina, Cirtronics or our suppliers fail to take satisfactory corrective action in response to an adverse inspection, the regulatory authority could take enforcement action, including any of the following sanctions:
untitled letters, warning letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties;
customer notifications or repair, replacement, or refunds;
operating restrictions or partial suspension or total shutdown of production;
recalls, withdrawals, or administrative detention or seizure of our products;
denials or delays of approvals for pre-market approval applications relating to new products or modified products;
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withdrawals of a PMA approvals;
refusal to provide Certificates for Foreign Government;
refusal to grant export approval for our products; or
pursuit of criminal prosecution.
Any of these sanctions could impair our ability to produce our products in a cost-effective and timely manner in order to meet our customers’ demands and could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, results of operations, and financial condition. We may also be required to bear other costs or take other actions that may have a negative impact on our future sales and our ability to generate profits.
We are subject to various laws and regulations, including “fraud and abuse” laws and anti-bribery laws, which, if violated, could subject us to substantial penalties.
Medical device companies such as ours have faced lawsuits and investigations pertaining to alleged violations of numerous statutes and regulations, including anti-corruption laws and health care “fraud and abuse” laws, such as the federal False Claims Act, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, and the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or the FCPA.
U.S. federal and state laws, including the federal Sunshine Act, and the implementation of Open Payments regulations under the Sunshine Act, require medical device companies to disclose certain payments or other transfers of value made to certain healthcare providers or funds spent on marketing and promotion of medical device products. Further, some state laws require medical device companies to report information related to payments to physicians and other health care providers or marketing expenditures. Further, some state laws require medical device companies to report information related to payments to physicians and other health care providers or marketing expenditures. They also impose additional administrative and compliance burdens on us. In particular, these laws influence, among other things, how we structure our sales offerings and other interactions with health care providers, including discount practices, customer support, education and training programs and physician consulting and other service arrangements, including those with marketers and sales agents. In particular, these laws influence, among other things, how we structure our sales offerings and other interactions with health care providers, including discount practices, customer support, education and training programs and physician consulting and other service arrangements, including those with marketers and sales agents. We may face significant costs in attempting to comply with these laws and regulations. If we are found to be in violation of any of these requirements or any actions or investigations are instituted against us, those actions could be costly to defend and could have a significant impact on our business, including the imposition of significant criminal and civil fines and penalties, exclusion from federal healthcare programs or other sanctions, and damage to our reputation or business. If we are found to be in violation of any of these requirements or any actions or investigations are instituted against us, those actions could be costly to defend and could have a significant impact on our business, including the imposition of significant criminal and civil fines and penalties, exclusion from federal healthcare programs or other sanctions, and damage to our reputation or business.
The FCPA applies to companies like ours that are issuers of a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act. The FCPA and other global and local anti-bribery laws which apply to various aspects of our operations generally prohibit companies and their directors, officers, employees, agents, and other intermediaries from, directly or indirectly, authorizing, promising, offering, providing, or making improper payments or giving anything else of value to government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining an unfair business advantage. The FCPA and other global and local anti-bribery laws which apply to various aspects of our operations generally prohibit companies and their directors, officers, employees, agents, and other intermediaries from, directly or indirectly, authorizing, promising, offering, providing, or making improper payments or giving anything else of value to government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining an unfair business advantage. The FCPA also requires issuers to make and keep books and records that accurately and fairly reflect the transactions of the corporation and to devise and maintain an adequate system of internal accounting controls sufficient to assure management’s control, authority, and responsibility over the company's assets. In various jurisdictions, our operations require us and third parties acting on our behalf to routinely interact with government officials, including medical personnel who may be considered government officials for purposes of these laws. In various jurisdictions, our operations require us and third parties acting on our behalf to routinely interact with government officials, including medical personnel who may be considered government officials for purposes of these laws because they are employees of state-owned or controlled facilities. Other applicable anti-bribery laws, including the U. Other applicable anti-bribery laws, including the U. K. Bribery Act, also prohibit improper payments to private parties and prohibit the receipt of improper payments. Our policies mandate compliance with applicable anti-bribery laws and prohibit our employees and third parties we engage from offering, making or receiving corrupt payments. We have also implemented an anti-corruption compliance program to mitigate the risk of violations of anti-bribery laws relating to our international operations. We have also implemented a robust anti-corruption program to mitigate the risk of violations of anti-bribery laws relating to our international operations. However, our program cannot eliminate all risk that unauthorized improper acts have been or will be committed by our employees, agents, or other third parties acting on our behalf. However, our program cannot eliminate all risk that unauthorized improper acts have been or will be committed by our employees or agents. Violations of anti-bribery laws, or allegations of such violations, could result in civil or criminal sanctions or other adverse consequences, including disruption of our business and harming our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and reputation. Violations of anti-bribery laws, or allegations of such violations, could result in civil or criminal sanctions or other adverse consequences, including disruption of our business and harming our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and reputation.
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If we are found to have violated laws protecting the confidentiality of patient health information, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, which could increase our liabilities and harm our reputation or our business.
There are a number of federal, state and foreign laws protecting the confidentiality of certain patient health information, including patient records, and restricting the use and disclosure of that protected information. In particular, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or HHS, promulgated patient privacy rules under HIPAA. These privacy rules protect medical records and other personal health information by limiting their use and disclosure, giving individuals the right to access, amend and seek accounting of their own health information and limiting most use and disclosures of health information to the minimum amount reasonably necessary to accomplish the intended purpose. These privacy rules protect medical records and other personal health information by limiting their use and disclosure, giving individuals the right to access, amend and seek accounting of their own health information and limiting most use and disclosures of health information to the minimum amount reasonably necessary to accomplish the intended purpose. Additionally, the E.U. General Data Protection Regulation (the “EU GDPR”) and E.U. Member State laws, along with the data protection laws in the United Kingdom (as specified below), impose more stringent data protection requirements and provides for penalties for noncompliance. Additionally, if we or any of our service providers are found to be in violation of the promulgated patient privacy rules under HIPAA, the EU GDPR, E.U. Member State laws, or UK data protection laws, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, which could be substantial and could increase our liabilities, harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. Member State laws, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, which could be substantial and could increase our liabilities, harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.
A number of U.S. states have also enacted data privacy and security laws and regulations that govern the collection, use, disclosure, transfer, storage, disposal, and protection of sensitive personal information, such as social security numbers, financial information and other personal information. For example, several U.S. territories and all 50 states now have data breach laws that require timely notification to individual victims, and at times regulators, if a company has experienced the unauthorized access or acquisition of sensitive personal data. Several states have also enacted comprehensive consumer privacy laws that regulate controllers’ processing of consumers’ personal data, including the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), which went into effect on January 1, 2020 and, among other things, established a comprehensive privacy framework for covered businesses by creating an expanded definition of personal information, establishing new data privacy rights for consumers in the State of California, imposing special rules on the collection of consumer data from minors, and creating a new and potentially severe statutory damages framework for violations of the CCPA and for businesses that fail to implement reasonable security procedures and practices to prevent data breaches. Several states have also enacted comprehensive consumer privacy laws that regulate controllers’ processing of consumers’ personal data, including the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), which went into effect on January 1, 2020 and, among other things, established a comprehensive privacy framework for covered businesses by creating an expanded definition of personal information, establishing new data privacy rights for consumers in the State of California, imposing special rules on the collection of consumer data from minors, and creating a new and potentially severe statutory damages framework for violations of the CCPA and for businesses that fail to implement reasonable security procedures and practices to prevent data breaches. The CCPA was amended by the California Privacy Rights Act which, as of January 1, 2023, has significantly modified the CCPA, including by expanding consumers’ rights with respect to certain categories of sensitive personal information. The CCPA was amended by the California Privacy Rights Act which, as of January 1, 2023, has significantly modified the CCPA, including by expanding consumers’ rights with respect to certain categories of sensitive personal information.
Similar laws have been passed in numerous other states. Other states have proposed new privacy laws which, if enacted, may add additional complexity, variation in requirements, restrictions and potential legal risk, require additional investment of resources in compliance programs, impact strategies and the availability of previously useful data and could result in increased compliance costs and/or changes in business practices and policies. Other states have proposed new privacy laws which, if enacted, may add additional complexity, variation in requirements, restrictions and potential legal risk, require additional investment of resources in compliance programs, impact strategies and the availability of previously useful data and could result in increased compliance costs and/or changes in business practices and policies. The existence of comprehensive privacy laws in different states in the country would make our compliance obligations more complex and costly and may increase the likelihood that we may be subject to enforcement actions or otherwise incur liability for noncompliance. The existence of comprehensive privacy laws in different states in the country would make our compliance obligations more complex and costly and may increase the likelihood that we may be subject to enforcement actions or otherwise incur liability for noncompliance. There are also states that are specifically regulating health information. For example, Washington’s My Health My Data Act, which became effective on March 31, 2024, regulates the collection and sharing of health information and has a private right of action, which further increases the relevant compliance risk. For example, Washington’s My Health My Data Act, which became effective on March 31, 2024, regulates the collection and sharing of health information and has a private right of action, which further increases the relevant compliance risk. Connecticut and Nevada have also passed similar laws regulating consumer health data. Connecticut and Nevada have also passed similar laws regulating consumer health data. In addition, other states have proposed and/or passed legislation that regulates the privacy and/or security of certain specific types of information. For example, a small number of states have passed laws that regulate biometric data specifically. For example, a small number of states have passed laws that regulate biometric data specifically.
We will continue to monitor and assess the impact of state law developments, which may impose substantial penalties for violations, impose significant costs for investigations and compliance, allow private class-action litigation and carry significant potential liability for our business. These various privacy and security laws may impact our business activities, including our identification of research subjects, relationships with business partners and ultimately the marketing and distribution of our products. These various privacy and security laws may impact our business activities, including our identification of research subjects, relationships with business partners and ultimately the marketing and distribution of our products. State laws are changing rapidly and there are discussions in the U.S. Congress of new comprehensive federal data privacy laws to which we could become subject to, if enacted.
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Our operations may also be subject to European data privacy laws, regulations and guidelines. The collection, use, storage, disclosure, transfer, or other processing of personal information regarding individuals in the EEA and UK, including personal health data, is subject to the EU GDPR, with respect to the EEA and the UK General Data Protection Regulation and UK Data Protection Act 2018 with respect to the UK, or UK GDPR, and collectively with the EU GDPR referred to as the “GDPR” in this document unless specified otherwise. The collection, use, storage, disclosure, transfer, or other processing of personal information regarding individuals in the EEA and UK, including personal health data, is subject to the EU GDPR, with respect to the EEA and the UK General Data Protection Regulation and UK Data Protection Act 2018 with respect to the UK, or UK GDPR, and collectively with the EU GDPR referred to as the “GDPR” in this document unless specified otherwise. The GDPR is wide-ranging in scope and imposes numerous requirements on companies that process personal information, including requirements relating to processing of special categories of personal information (such as health data), relying on a legal basis or condition for processing personal information, where required obtaining consent of the individuals to whom the personal information relates, providing information to individuals regarding data processing activities, conducting privacy impact assessments for “high risk” processing, implementing safeguards to protect the security and confidentiality of personal information, implementing limitations on the retention of personal information, providing mandatory notification of data breaches, and taking certain measures when engaging third-party processors. The GDPR is wide-ranging in scope and imposes numerous requirements on companies that process personal information, including requirements relating to processing of special categories of personal information (such as health data), relying on a legal basis or condition for processing personal information, where required obtaining consent of the individuals to whom the personal information relates, providing information to individuals regarding data processing activities, conducting privacy impact assessments for “high risk” processing, implementing safeguards to protect the security and confidentiality of personal information, implementing limitations on the retention of personal information, providing mandatory notification of data breaches, and taking certain measures when engaging third-party processors. The GDPR also imposes strict rules on the transfer of personal information to countries outside the EEA and UK to non-adequate territories, including the United States in certain circumstances unless derogation exists or a valid GDPR transfer mechanism (for example, the European Commission approved Standard Contractual Clauses, or SCCs, and the UK International Data Transfer Agreement/Addendum, or UK IDTA) have been put in place. The GDPR also imposes strict rules on the transfer of personal information to countries outside the EEA and UK to non-adequate territories, including the United States in certain circumstances unless derogation exists or a valid GDPR transfer mechanism (for example, the European Commission approved Standard Contractual Clauses, or SCCs, and the UK International Data Transfer Agreement/Addendum, or UK IDTA) have been put in place. Where relying on the SCCs /UK IDTA for data transfers, we may also be required to carry out transfer impact assessments to assess whether the recipient is subject to local laws which allow public authority access to personal information. Where relying on the SCCs /UK IDTA for data transfers, we may also be required to carry out transfer impact assessments to assess whether the recipient is subject to local laws which allow public authority access to personal information. Failure to comply with the GDPR, and any supplemental EEA Member State or UK national data protection laws which may apply by virtue of the location of the individuals whose personal information we collect, may result in substantial penalties, including potential fines of up to €20 million (£17.5 million for the UK GDPR) or 4% of annual global revenues for the preceding financial year, whichever is greater. Failure to comply with the GDPR, and any supplemental EEA Member State or UK national data protection laws which may apply by virtue of the location of the individuals whose personal information we collect, may result in substantial penalties, including potential fines of up to €20 million (£17.5 million for the UK GDPR) or 4% of annual global revenues for the preceding financial year, whichever is greater. The GDPR also confers a private right of action on data subjects and consumer associations to lodge complaints with supervisory authorities, seek judicial remedies, and obtain compensation for damages resulting from violations of the GDPR. The GDPR also confers a private right of action on data subjects and consumer associations to lodge complaints with supervisory authorities, seek judicial remedies, and obtain compensation for damages resulting from violations of the GDPR. The GDPR increases our responsibility and liability in relation to personal information that we process where such processing is subject to the GDPR, and requires us to put in place additional mechanisms to ensure compliance with the GDPR, including as implemented by individual countries. The GDPR increases our responsibility and liability in relation to personal information that we process where such processing is subject to the GDPR, and requires us to put in place additional mechanisms to ensure compliance with the GDPR, including as implemented by individual countries. Compliance with the GDPR will be a rigorous and time-intensive process that may increase our cost of doing business or require us to change our business practices, and despite those efforts, there is a risk that we may be subject to fines and penalties, litigation, and reputational harm in connection with our European activities. Compliance with the GDPR will be a rigorous and time-intensive process that may increase our cost of doing business or require us to change our business practices, and despite those efforts, there is a risk that we may be subject to fines and penalties, litigation, and reputational harm in connection with our European activities.
Furthermore, in the EEA, the NIS 2 Directive (“NIS 2”) is replacing the cybersecurity legal framework under the current NIS framework, aiming to ensure a high level of cybersecurity in the region. NIS 2 brings new medium and large organizations providing services in the EEA within scope of the legal framework. NIS 2 brings new medium and large organisations providing services in the EEA within scope of the legal framework. It extends to additional sectors and expands the list of in-scope healthcare organizations, including to certain providers engaged in research and development of medicinal products. It extends to additional sectors and expands the list of in-scope healthcare organisations, including to certain providers engaged in research and development of medicinal products. The new regime imposes direct obligations on management in respect of an in-scope organization's compliance with NIS 2, requires covered organizations to put in place certain cyber risk management measures, strengthens incident reporting requirements and provides supervisory authorities with a greater oversight. The new regime imposes direct obligations on management in respect of an in-scope organization's compliance with NIS 2, requires covered organisations to put in place certain cyber risk management measures, strengthens incident reporting requirements and provides supervisory authorities with a greater oversight. The majority of obligations will come into force when national legislation implementing NIS 2 becomes effective in the relevant EU Member State. The majority of obligations will come into force when national legislation implementing NIS 2 becomes effective in the relevant EU Member State. EU Member States had until 17 October 2024 to transpose NIS 2 into national legislation, although many countries have still not completed the transposition. As such, the cybersecurity regulatory landscape in the EU is currently fragmented and uncertain. To the extent we are subject to NIS 2, we will require additional investment of our resources in compliance programs. Under NIS 2 companies may be subject to administrative fines of up to the higher amount of €10 million or 2% of worldwide turnover. Under NIS 2 companies may be subject to administrative fines of up to the higher amount of €10 million or 2% of worldwide turnover.
All of these evolving compliance and operational requirements impose significant costs, such as costs related to organizational changes, implementing additional protection technologies, training employees and engaging consultants and legal advisors, which are likely to increase over time. In addition, such requirements may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies, utilize management’s time and/or divert resources from other initiatives and projects. In addition, such requirements may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies, utilize management’s time and/or divert resources from other initiatives and projects. The interpretation and enforcement of the laws and regulations described above are uncertain and subject to change and may require substantial costs to monitor and implement compliance with any additional requirements. The interpretation and enforcement of the laws and regulations described above are uncertain and subject to change and may require substantial costs to monitor and implement compliance with any additional requirements. Failure, or perceived failure, to comply with U.S. or international data protection laws and regulations could result in government enforcement actions (which could include substantial civil and/or criminal penalties), private litigation, including class action privacy litigation in certain jurisdictions, and/or adverse publicity. which would subject us to significant fines, sanctions, awards, injunctions, penalties or judgments. which would subject us to significant fines, sanctions, awards, injunctions, penalties or judgments. All of the above could negatively affect our financial condition, operating results and business.
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Our use of new and evolving technologies, such as artificial intelligence, may present risks and challenges that can impact our business, including by posing cybersecurity and other risks to our confidential and/or proprietary information, including personal information, and as a result we may be exposed to reputational harm and liability.
We may integrate and use artificial intelligence (“AI”) in our products, operations and business processes. For example, we have developed a prototype with integrated advanced sensing technologies and AI to enable autonomous decision making. Use of this technology presents risks and challenges that could affect our business and we may experience brand or reputational harm, competitive harm or legal liability.
A growing number of legislators and regulators are adopting laws and regulations and have focused enforcement efforts on the adoption of artificial intelligence, and use of such technologies in compliance with ethical standards and societal expectations. These developments may increase our compliance burden and costs in connection with use of artificial intelligence and lead to legal liability if we fail to meet evolving legal standards or if use of such technologies results in harms or other causes of action we did not predict. These developments may increase our compliance burden and costs in connection with use of artificial intelligence and lead to legal liability if we fail to meet evolving legal standards or if use of such technologies results in harms or other causes of action we did not predict. For example, the EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act (“AI Act”) entered into force on August 1, 2024, with most provisions becoming effective on August 2, 2026. This legislation imposes significant obligations on providers and deployers of artificial intelligence systems, and encourages providers and deployers of artificial intelligence systems to account for EU ethical principles in their development and use of these systems. For example, the EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act (“AI Act”) entered into force on August 1, 2024, with most provisions becoming effective on August 2, 2026. This legislation imposes significant obligations on providers and deployers of artificial intelligence systems, and encourages providers and deployers of artificial intelligence systems to account for EU ethical principles in their development and use of these systems. The scope of requirements depends on legal and risk determinations that rely on novel legal provisions that have not yet been interpreted by courts or regulators, and non-compliance can lead to significant fines.
Likewise, in the U.S., several states, including Colorado and California, passed laws that are in effect or will take effect in 2026, to regulate various uses of artificial intelligence, including to make consequential decisions. In addition, various federal regulators have issued guidance and focused enforcement efforts on the use of AI in regulated sectors. The FDA, for example, issued guidance on the use of artificial intelligence in medical devices, requiring detailed risk management and review processes to obtain approvals. Our development and use of AI systems governed by these laws or regulations will need to meet higher standards of data quality, transparency, monitoring and human oversight, and we would need to adhere to specific and potentially burdensome and costly ethical, accountability, and administrative requirements, with the potential for significant enforcement or litigation in the event of any perceived non-compliance. If we develop or use AI systems governed by these laws or regulations, we will need to meet higher standards of data quality, transparency, monitoring and human oversight, and we would need to adhere to specific and potentially burdensome and costly ethical, accountability, and administrative requirements, with the potential for significant enforcement or litigation in the event of any perceived non-compliance. We cannot predict the ultimate content, timing, or effect of any new regulatory requirements or guidance, and failure to obtain or maintain required regulatory clearances or approvals, or to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, could result in enforcement actions, injunctions, civil or criminal penalties, and may materially adversely affect our ability to commercialize AI-enabled products and our financial condition and results of operations.
The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence will require the application of significant resources to design, develop, test and maintain such systems to help ensure that artificial intelligence is implemented in accordance with applicable law and regulation and in a socially responsible manner and to minimize any real or perceived unintended harmful impacts. Furthermore, our existing competitors and emerging players may outpace us in implementing advanced artificial intelligence technologies that comply with evolving regulatory standards.
The use of certain artificial intelligence technologies can also give rise to intellectual property risks, including by disclosing or otherwise compromising our confidential or proprietary intellectual property, or by undermining our ability to assert or defend ownership rights in intellectual property created with the assistance of artificial intelligence tools, which could result in costly litigation, royalty obligations, and loss of customer goodwill.
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AI technologies are inherently subject to limitations and may produce inaccurate, incomplete, or unreliable outputs and may fail to adapt to highly individual biomechanics of each user. Given the critical nature of our products, this potentially exposes us to significant product liability risks, including but not limited to claims alleging design defects, manufacturing defects, and negligence. Furthermore, the application of traditional product liability principles to AI-enabled medical devices remains unsettled, and this legal uncertainty makes it difficult to predict and manage our product liability risk. While we maintain product liability insurance, there can be no assurance that our insurance coverage will be adequate to cover all claims. Any product liability claim, regardless of its merit or outcome, could result in significant legal defense costs and diversion of management resources.
Our vendors may in turn incorporate artificial intelligence tools into their offerings, and the providers of these artificial intelligence tools may not meet existing or rapidly evolving regulatory or industry standards, including with respect to privacy and data security. Further, bad actors around the world use increasingly sophisticated methods, including the use of artificial intelligence, to engage in illegal activities involving the theft and misuse of personal information, confidential information and intellectual property. Further, bad actors around the world use increasingly sophisticated methods, including the use of artificial intelligence, to engage in illegal activities involving the theft and misuse of personal information, confidential information and intellectual property. Any of these effects could damage our reputation, result in the loss of valuable property and information, cause us to breach applicable laws and regulations, and adversely impact our business. Any of these effects could damage our reputation, result in the loss of valuable property and information, cause us to breach applicable laws and regulations, and adversely impact our business.
Compliance with various regulations, including those related to our status as a U.S. public company and the manufacturing, labeling, and marketing of our products, may result in heightened general and administrative expenses and costs, divert management’s attention from revenue-generating activities and pose challenges for our management team, which has limited time, personnel and finances to devote to regulatory compliance.
As a U.S. public company, we are subject to various regulatory and reporting requirements, including those imposed by the SEC, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, or the Dodd-Frank Act, the listing requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Additionally, our medical products and manufacturing operations are regulated by the FDA, the European Union and other governmental authorities both inside and outside of the United States. Additionally, our medical products and manufacturing operations are regulated by the FDA, the European Union and other governmental authorities both inside and outside of the United States. Compliance with the rules and regulations applicable to us as a publicly traded company in the United States and medical device manufacturer has greatly increased, and may continue to increase, our legal, general and administrative and financial compliance costs and has made, and may continue to make, some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly. Compliance with the rules and regulations applicable to us as a publicly traded company in the United States and medical device manufacturer has greatly increased, and may continue to increase, our legal, general and administrative and financial compliance costs and has made, and may continue to make, some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly. Additionally, these regulatory requirements have diverted, and may continue to divert, management’s attention from revenue-generating activities and may increase demands on management’s already-limited resources.
Our management team consists of few employees, as the majority of our employees are engaged in sales and marketing and research and development activities. For more information, see “Part I, Item 1. Business—Employees” above. In light of such constraints on its time, personnel and finances, our management may not be able to implement programs and policies in an effective and timely manner to respond adequately to the heightened legal, regulatory and reporting requirements applicable to us. In the past, for example, we have not always been able to respond on a timely basis to requests from regulators, although we have not to date experienced any long-term material adverse consequences as a result. Similar deficiencies, weaknesses, or lack of compliance with public company, medical device and other regulations could harm our reputation in the capital markets or for quality and safety, negatively affect our ability to maintain our Nasdaq listing or our public company status and to develop, commercialize or continue selling our products on a timely and cost effective basis, and cause us to incur sanctions, including fines, injunctions, and penalties. Similar deficiencies, weaknesses, or lack of compliance with public company, medical device and other regulations could harm our reputation in the capital markets or for quality and safety, negatively affect our ability to maintain our public company status and to develop, commercialize or continue selling our products on a timely and effective basis, and cause us to incur sanctions, including fines, injunctions, and penalties.
In addition, complying with public disclosure rules makes the operations of our business more visible, which could result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If such claims were to be successful, our business and operating results could be harmed, and even if any claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve them, could divert the resources of our management and harm our business and operating results. If such claims are successful, our business and operating results could be harmed, and even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve them, could divert the resources of our management and harm our business and operating results.
We are also subject to the requirement of Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Act and SEC rules related thereto to conduct due diligence and disclose and report on whether certain minerals and metals, known as “conflict minerals,” are contained in our products and whether they originate from the Democratic Republic of Congo and certain adjoining countries. Each year our management team devotes significant time to conduct the required due diligence, and we may face reputational challenges if we determine that certain of our products contain minerals that are not determined to be conflict free, or if we are unable to sufficiently verify the origins of all conflict minerals used in our products through the procedures we implement. Each year our management team devotes significant time to conduct the required due diligence, and we may face reputational challenges if we determine that certain of our products contain minerals not determined to be conflict free or if we are unable to sufficiently verify the origins of all conflict minerals used in our products through the procedures we implement.
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Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property and Information Technology
We depend on computer and telecommunications systems we do not own or control and failures in our systems or a cybersecurity attack or incident relating to our IT systems or technology could significantly disrupt our business operations or result in sensitive customer information being compromised which would negatively materially affect our reputation and/or results of operations.
We have entered into agreements with third parties for hardware, software, telecommunications, and other information technology services in connection with the operation of our business. It is possible we or a third party that we rely on could incur interruptions from a loss of communications, hardware or software failures, a cybersecurity attack, data breach or an incident relating to our IT systems or technology including, ransomware, social engineering (including phishing attacks), the theft, fraud, and subsequent misuse of employee credentials, denial-of-service attacks, business email compromises, computer viruses or malware. It is possible we or a third party that we rely on could incur interruptions from a loss of communications, hardware or software failures, a cybersecurity attack, data breach or an incident relating to our IT systems or technology, ransomware, phishing attacks, computer viruses or malware. We believe that we have positive relations with our vendors and maintain adequate anti-virus and malware software and controls; however, any interruptions to our arrangements with third parties, to our computing and communications infrastructure, or to our information systems or any of those operated by a third party that we rely on could significantly disrupt our business operations. We believe that we have positive relations with our vendors and maintain adequate anti-virus and malware software and controls; however, any interruptions to our arrangements with third parties, to our computing and communications infrastructure, or to our information systems or any of those operated by a third party that we rely on could significantly disrupt our business operations.
In the current environment, there are numerous and evolving risks to cybersecurity and privacy, including criminal hackers, hacktivists, state-sponsored intrusions, industrial espionage, employee or vendor malfeasance and human or technological error. Cybersecurity incidents and data breaches at other companies and in government agencies have increased in recent years, and security industry experts and government officials have warned about the risks of hackers and cyberattacks targeting businesses such as ours. High-profile cybersecurity incidents and data breaches at other companies and in government agencies have increased in recent years, and security industry experts and government officials have warned about the risks of hackers and cyberattacks targeting businesses such as ours. Attempts to disrupt or gain unauthorized access to our and our third-party vendors’ information systems from malicious third parties or insider threats may incorporate widely varying and frequently changing tactics, which may be enhanced or facilitated by artificial intelligence. Computer hackers and others routinely attempt to breach the security of technology products, services, and systems, and to fraudulently induce employees, customers, or others to disclosure information or unwittingly provide access to systems or data. Computer hackers and others routinely attempt to breach the security of technology products, services, and systems, and to fraudulently induce employees, customers, or others to disclosure information or unwittingly provide access to systems or data. A cyberattack of our systems or networks that impairs our information technology systems could disrupt our business operations and result in loss of service to customers, including technical support for our ReWalk devices. A cyberattack of our systems or networks that impairs our information technology systems could disrupt our business operations and result in loss of service to customers, including technical support for our ReWalk devices. While we have certain cybersecurity safeguards in place designed to protect and preserve the integrity of our information technology systems, like other companies in our industry, we, and our third-party vendors, have experienced and expect to continue to experience threats, including actual or attempted cyberattacks relating to our IT systems and networks. While we have certain cybersecurity safeguards in place designed to protect and preserve the integrity of our information technology systems, we have experienced and expect to continue to experience actual or attempted cyberattacks of our IT systems or networks. However, none of these actual or attempted cyberattacks has had a material effect on our operations, business strategy, or financial condition. However, none of these actual or attempted cyberattacks has had a material effect on our operations, business strategy, or financial condition. Although we maintain cyber liability insurance, this insurance may not provide adequate coverage against potential liabilities related to any experienced cybersecurity incident or data breach.
Additionally, we have access to sensitive customer information in the ordinary course of business. If a significant cybersecurity incident occurred, our reputation may be adversely affected, customer confidence may be diminished, or we may be subject to legal claims, any of which may contribute to the loss of customers and have a material adverse effect on us. If a significant cybersecurity incident occurred, our reputation may be adversely affected, customer confidence may be diminished, or we may be subject to legal claims, any of which may contribute to the loss of customers and have a material adverse effect on us. For more information, see “Risks Related to Government Regulation” above. For more information, see “—Risks Related to Government Regulation” above. If we are found to have violated laws protecting the confidentiality of patient health information, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, which could increase our liabilities and harm our reputation or our business. Our contracts may not contain limitations of liability, and even where they do, there can be no assurance that limitations of liability in our contracts are sufficient to protect us from liabilities, damages, or claims related to our privacy and data security obligations.
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Our success depends in part on our ability to obtain and maintain protection for the intellectual property relating to or incorporated into our products.
Our success depends in part on our ability to obtain and maintain protection for the intellectual property relating to or incorporated into our products. We seek to protect our intellectual property through a combination of patents, trademarks, confidentiality, and assignment agreements with our employees and certain of our contractors, and confidentiality agreements with certain of our consultants, scientific advisors, and other vendors and contractors. In addition, we rely on trade secret law to protect our proprietary software and product candidates/products in development. For more information, see “Part I, Item 1. Business—Intellectual Property” above. For more information, see “Part I, Item 1. Business—Intellectual Property” above.
Our patent position with respect to our exoskeleton and anti-gravity systems can be highly uncertain and involves many new and evolving complex legal, factual, and technical issues. Patent laws and interpretations of those laws are subject to change, and any such changes may diminish the value of our patents or narrow the scope of our right to exclude others. In addition, we may fail to apply for or be unable to obtain patents necessary to protect our technology or products from competition or fail to enforce our patents due to lack of information about the exact use of technology or processes by third parties. In addition, we may fail to apply for or be unable to obtain patents necessary to protect our technology or products from competition or fail to enforce our patents due to lack of information about the exact use of technology or processes by third parties. Also, we cannot be sure that any patents will be granted in a timely manner or at all with respect to any of our patent pending applications or that any patents that are granted will be adequate to exclude others for any significant period of time or at all. Also, we cannot be sure that any patents will be granted in a timely manner or at all with respect to any of our patent pending applications or that any patents that are granted will be adequate to exclude others for any significant period of time or at all. Given the foregoing and in order to continue reducing operational expenses in the future, we may invest fewer resources in filing and prosecuting new patents and on maintaining and enforcing various patents, especially in regions where we currently do not focus our market growth strategy. Given the foregoing and in order to continue reducing operational expenses in the future, we may invest fewer resources in filing and prosecuting new patents and on maintaining and enforcing various patents, especially in regions where we currently do not focus our market growth strategy.
Litigation to establish or challenge the validity of patents, or to defend against or assert against others infringement, unauthorized use, enforceability, or invalidity, can be lengthy and expensive and may result in our patents being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and restricting our ability to be granted new patents related to our pending patent applications. Even if we prevail, litigation may be time consuming, force us to incur significant costs, and could divert management’s attention from managing our business while any damages or other remedies awarded to us may not be valuable. Even if we prevail, litigation may be time consuming, force us to incur significant costs, and could divert management’s attention from managing our business while any damages or other remedies awarded to us may not be valuable. In addition, U.S. patents and patent applications may be subject to interference proceedings, and U.S. patents may be subject to re-examination and review proceedings in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Foreign patents may also be subject to opposition or comparable proceedings in the corresponding foreign patent offices. Foreign patents may also be subject to opposition or comparable proceedings in the corresponding foreign patent offices. Any of these proceedings may be expensive and could result in the loss of a patent or denial of a patent application, or the loss or reduction in the scope of one or more of the claims of a patent or patent application.
In addition, we seek to protect our trade secrets, know-how, and confidential information that is not patentable by entering into confidentiality and assignment agreements with our employees and certain of our contractors and confidentiality agreements with certain of our consultants, scientific advisors, and other vendors and contractors. However, we may fail to enter into the necessary agreements, and even if entered into, these agreements may be breached or otherwise fail to prevent disclosure, third-party infringement, or misappropriation of our proprietary information, may be limited as to their term and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure or use of proprietary information. However, we may fail to enter into the necessary agreements, and even if entered into, these agreements may be breached or otherwise fail to prevent disclosure, third-party infringement, or misappropriation of our proprietary information, may be limited as to their term and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure or use of proprietary information. Enforcing a claim that a third party illegally obtained or is using our trade secrets without authorization may be expensive and time consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. Some of our employees or consultants may own certain technology which they license to us for a set term. If these technologies are material to our business after the term of the license, our inability to use them could adversely affect our business and profitability.
We also have taken precautions to initiate reasonable safeguards to protect our information technology systems. However, these measures may not be adequate to safeguard our proprietary information, which could lead to the loss or impairment thereof or to expensive litigation to defend our rights against competitors who may be better funded and have superior resources. However, these measures may not be adequate to safeguard our proprietary information, which could lead to the loss or impairment thereof or to expensive litigation to defend our rights against competitors who may be better funded and have superior resources. In addition, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or reverse engineer certain aspects of our products that we consider proprietary, or our proprietary information may otherwise become known or may be independently developed by our competitors or other third parties. In addition, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or reverse engineer certain aspects of our products that we consider proprietary, or our proprietary information may otherwise become known or may be independently developed by our competitors or other third parties. If other parties are able to use our proprietary technology or information, our ability to compete in the market could be harmed. Further, unauthorized use of our intellectual property may have occurred, or may occur in the future, without our knowledge.
If we are unable to obtain or maintain adequate protection for intellectual property, or if any protection is reduced or eliminated, competitors may be able to use our technologies, resulting in harm to our competitive position.
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Our patents and proprietary technology and processes may not provide us with a competitive advantage.
Robotics, exoskeletons, and anti-gravity system technologies have been developing rapidly in recent years. We are aware of several other companies developing competing exoskeleton devices for individuals with limited mobility and we expect the level of competition and the pace of development in our industry to increase. We are aware of several other companies developing competing exoskeleton devices for individuals with limited mobility and we expect the level of competition and the pace of development in our industry to increase. Likewise, we are aware of several companies with commercial anti-gravity or treadmill-based gait therapy systems. For more information, see “Part I, Item 1. Business—Competition” above. While we believe our tilt-sensor technology provides a more natural and superior method of exoskeleton activation, which creates a better user experience, as well as that our licensed technology used in our ReStore device is unique and provides better results when compared to other products, a variety of other activation and control methods exist for exoskeletons, several of which are being developed by our competitors, or may be developed in the future. While we believe our tilt-sensor technology provides a more natural and superior method of exoskeleton activation, which creates a better user experience, as well as that our licensed technology used in our ReStore device is unique and provides better results when compared to other products, a variety of other activation and control methods exist for exoskeletons, several of which are being developed by our competitors, or may be developed in the future. Additionally, while our DAP technology provides what we believe is a superior method for partial weight displacement with strong market acceptance, there may be competitors developing innovative alternative gait therapies that could be introduced in the future. As a result, our patent portfolio and proprietary technology and processes may not provide us with a significant advantage over our competitors, and competitors may be able to design and sell alternative products that are equal to or superior to our products without infringing on our patents. As a result, our patent portfolio and proprietary technology and processes may not provide us with a significant advantage over our competitors, and competitors may be able to design and sell alternative products that are equal to or superior to our products without infringing on our patents. In addition, as our current patents begin to expire, we may lose a competitive advantage over our competitors as we will no longer be able to keep our competitors from practicing the technology covered by the claim of the expired patents. In addition, as our current patents begin to expire, we may lose a competitive advantage over our competitors as we will no longer be able to keep our competitors from practicing the technology covered by the claim of the expired patents. We may also be unable to adequately develop new technologies and obtain future patent protection to preserve a competitive advantage. If we are unable to maintain a competitive advantage, our business and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
Even in instances where others are found to infringe on our patents, many countries have laws under which a patent owner may be compelled to grant licenses for the use of the patented technology to other parties. In addition, many countries limit the enforceability of patents against other parties, including government agencies or government contractors. In these countries, a patent owner may have limited remedies, which could diminish the value of a patent in those countries. In these countries, a patent owner may have limited remedies, which could diminish the value of a patent in those countries. Further, the laws of some countries do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States, particularly in the field of medical products, and effective enforcement in those countries may not be available. The ability of others to market comparable products could adversely affect our business.
We are not able to protect our intellectual property rights in all countries.
Filing, prosecuting, maintaining, and defending patents on each of our products in all countries throughout the world would be prohibitively expensive, and thus our intellectual property rights outside the United States and Europe are limited. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries, especially developing countries, such as China, do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as federal and state laws in the United States. Also, it may not be possible to effectively enforce intellectual property rights in some countries at all or to the same extent as in the United States and other countries. Consequently, we are unable to prevent third parties from using our inventions in all countries, or from selling or importing products made using our inventions in the jurisdictions in which we do not have (or are unable to effectively enforce) patent protection. Consequently, we are unable to prevent third parties from using our inventions in all countries, or from selling or importing products made using our inventions in the jurisdictions in which we do not have (or are unable to effectively enforce) patent protection. Competitors may use our technologies in jurisdictions where we have not obtained patent protection to develop, market or otherwise commercialize their own products, and we may be unable to prevent those competitors from importing those infringing products into territories where we have patent protection, but enforcement may not be as strong as in the United States. These products may compete with our products, and our patents and other intellectual property rights may not be effective or sufficient to prevent them from competing in those jurisdictions. Moreover, strategic partners, competitors, or others in the chain of commerce may raise legal challenges against our intellectual property rights or may infringe upon our intellectual property rights, including through means that may be difficult to prevent or detect.
Many companies have encountered significant problems in protecting and defending intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions. Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in the United States or foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business, could put our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and our patent applications at risk of not issuing, and could provoke third parties to assert patent infringement or other claims against us. Proceedings to enforce our patent rights in the United States or foreign jurisdictions could result in substantial costs and divert our efforts and attention from other aspects of our business, could put our patents at risk of being invalidated or interpreted narrowly and our patent applications at risk of not issuing, and could provoke third parties to assert patent infringement or other claims against us. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate, and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful. We may not prevail in any lawsuits that we initiate, and the damages or other remedies awarded, if any, may not be commercially meaningful. Accordingly, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights in the United States and around the world may be inadequate to obtain a significant commercial advantage from the intellectual property that we develop or license from third parties.
53

We may be subject to patent infringement claims, which could result in substantial costs and liability and prevent us from commercializing our current and future products.
The medical device industry is characterized by competing intellectual property and a substantial amount of litigation over patent rights. Our competitors in both the United States and abroad, many of which have substantially greater resources and have made substantial investments in competing technologies, have been issued patents and filed patent applications with respect to their products and processes and may apply for other patents in the future. Our competitors in both the United States and abroad, many of which have substantially greater resources and have made substantial investments in competing technologies, have been issued patents and filed patent applications with respect to their products and processes and may apply for other patents in the future. The large number of patents, the rapid rate of new patent issuances, and the complexities of the technology involved increase the risk of patent litigation.
Determining whether a product infringes a patent involves complex legal and factual issues and the outcome of patent litigation is often uncertain. Even though we have conducted research of issued patents, no assurance can be given that patents containing claims covering our products, technology or methods do not exist, have not been filed or could not be filed or issued. In addition, because patent applications can take years to issue and because publication schedules for pending applications vary by jurisdiction, there may be applications now pending of which we are unaware, and which may result in issued patents that our current or future products infringe. In addition, because patent applications can take years to issue and because publication schedules for pending applications vary by jurisdiction, there may be applications now pending of which we are unaware, and which may result in issued patents that our current or future products infringe. Also, because the claims of published patent applications can change between publication and patent grant, published applications that initially do not appear to be problematic may issue with claims that potentially cover our products, technology, or methods.
Infringement actions and other intellectual property claims brought against us, whether with or without merit, may cause us to incur substantial costs and could place a significant strain on our financial resources, divert the attention of management, and harm our reputation. We cannot be certain that we will successfully defend against any allegations of infringement. If we are found to infringe another party’s patents, we could be required to pay damages. If we are found to infringe another party’s patents, we could be required to pay damages. We could also be prevented from selling our infringing products, unless we can obtain a license to use the technology covered by such patents or can redesign our products so that they do not infringe. A license may be available on commercially reasonable terms or none at all, and we may not be able to redesign our products to avoid infringement. Further, any modification to our products could require us to conduct clinical trials and revise our filings with the FDA and other regulatory bodies, which would be time consuming and expensive. Further, any modification to our products could require us to conduct clinical trials and revise our filings with the FDA and other regulatory bodies, which would be time consuming and expensive. In these circumstances, we may not be able to sell our products at competitive prices or at all, and our business and operating results could be harmed.
We rely on trademark protection to distinguish our products from the products of our competitors.
We rely on trademark protection to distinguish our products from the products of our competitors. We currently hold a registered trademark in the United States, Europe, Israel, and the United Kingdom, for the mark ReWalk®. We currently hold a registered trademark in United States, Europe and the United Kingdom for the mark ReStore®. We currently hold a registered trademark in United States, Europe and the United Kingdom for the mark ReStore®. We currently hold the trademarks Alter G™ and Anti-Gravity Treadmill™ in the United States, Canada, and . The trademark Alter G™ is also held in the United Kingdom and Europe. We currently hold the registered trademark Defy Gravity® in the United States. We also hold a registered trademark for Lifeward® in Europe, the United Kingdom, and Israel. We also hold a registered trademark for Lifeward® in the Europe, the United Kingdom, and Israel. The application to register the trademark Lifeward™ is pending in the United States. In jurisdictions where we have not registered our trademark and are using it, and as permitted by applicable local law, we rely on common law trademark protection. In jurisdictions where we have not registered our trademark and are using it, and as permitted by applicable local law, we rely on common law trademark protection. Third parties may oppose our trademark applications, or otherwise challenge our use of the trademarks, and may be able to use our trademarks in jurisdictions where they are not registered or otherwise protected by law. If our trademarks are successfully challenged or if a third party is using confusingly similar or identical trademarks in particular jurisdictions before we do, we could be forced to rebrand our products, which could result in loss of brand recognition, and could require us to devote additional resources to marketing new brands. If our trademarks are successfully challenged or if a third party is using confusingly similar or identical trademarks in particular jurisdictions before we do, we could be forced to rebrand our products, which could result in loss of brand recognition, and could require us to devote additional resources to marketing new brands. If others are able to use our trademarks, our ability to distinguish our products may be impaired, which could adversely affect our business. Further, we cannot assure you that competitors will not infringe upon our trademarks, or that we will have adequate resources to enforce our trademarks.
54

We may be subject to damages resulting from claims that our employees or we have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of their former employers.
Many of our employees were previously employed at other medical device companies, including our competitors or potential competitors, and we may hire employees in the future that are so employed. We could in the future be subject to claims that these employees, or we, have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed trade secrets or other proprietary information of their former employers. If we fail in defending against such claims, a court could order us to pay substantial damages and prohibit us from using technologies or features that are found to incorporate or be derived from the trade secrets or other proprietary information of the former employers. If we fail in defending against such claims, a court could order us to pay substantial damages and prohibit us from using technologies or features that are found to incorporate or be derived from the trade secrets or other proprietary information of the former employers. If any of these technologies or features that are important to our products, this could prevent us from selling those products and could have a material adverse effect on our business. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, such litigation could result in substantial costs and divert the attention of management. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, such litigation could result in substantial costs and divert the attention of management.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Ordinary Shares
Sales of a substantial number of ordinary shares by us or our large shareholders, certain of whom may have registration rights, or dilutive exercises of a substantial number of warrants by our warrant-holders could adversely affect the value of our ordinary shares.
Sales by us or our shareholders of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales might occur, could cause the value of our ordinary shares to decline or could impair our ability to raise capital through a future sale of our equity securities. Additionally, dilutive exercises of a substantial number of warrants by our warrant-holders, or the perception that such exercises may occur, could put downward price on the market price of our ordinary shares. Additionally, dilutive exercises of a substantial number of warrants by our warrant-holders, or the perception that such exercises may occur, could put downward price on the market price of our ordinary shares.
As of March 18, 2026, 701,757 ordinary shares were issuable pursuant to the exercise of warrants, with exercise prices ranging from $7.80 to $384.56 per warrant, issued in private and registered offerings of ordinary shares and warrants in December 2020, February 2021, September 2021, January 2025 and June 2025. We have registered with the SEC all of these warrants and/or the resale of the shares issuable upon their exercise. All share and per share amounts presented in this note have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the Company’s 1-for-12 reverse share split effected on February 24, 2026. For more information, “Part I,
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