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Item 1A. Risk Factors for a discussion of these and other factors that could materially affect our results of operations and financial condition.

ITEM 1. Business

References made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to “we”, “our”, “us”, “DMC”, “DMC Global” and the “Company” refer to DMC Global Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. Unless stated otherwise, all dollar figures in this report are presented in thousands (000s).

Overview

DMC Global Inc. (“DMC”, “we”, “us”, “our”, or the “Company”) operates three manufacturing businesses: Arcadia Products, DynaEnergetics and NobelClad, which provide differentiated products and engineered solutions primarily for the construction, energy, and industrial processing markets. Arcadia Products designs, engineers, fabricates and finishes aluminum framing systems, windows, curtain walls, storefronts, entrance systems, and interior partitions for the commercial construction market. Arcadia Products also supplies customized windows and doors to the high-end residential construction market. DynaEnergetics is a vertically integrated, global manufacturer of advanced perforating systems used in oil and gas well completion and well plug-and-abandonment operations. DynaEnergetics designs, engineers, manufactures, and qualifies its perforating components and systems in-house. NobelClad produces explosion-welded clad metal plates for use in the construction of corrosion-resistant industrial processing equipment. NobelClad also produces specialized transition joints for a broad range of applications, including aluminum smelting, ship construction, and liquified natural gas (“LNG”) processing equipment.

Arcadia Products uses a network of manufacturing, fabrication and distribution centers throughout the United States to sell its products, while DynaEnergetics and NobelClad operate globally through an international network of manufacturing, distribution and sales facilities. Refer to Note 11 “Business Segments” within Part II, Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for net sales and operating income (loss) for each of our segments.

Our Strategy

Our strategy is to maximize the value of our company by capitalizing on the unique strengths of each of our three businesses. Arcadia Products, which has established a differentiated model for its core commercial building products, serves a multi-billion dollar addressable market and is seeking to grow its position in its targeted markets throughout the western and southwestern United States. DynaEnergetics and NobelClad each have established leadership positions in their respective segments of the energy and industrial equipment industries, and both are pursuing various growth opportunities.

Business Segments

Arcadia Products

Arcadia Products provides architectural building products to the U.S. construction industry through three branded product offerings: Arcadia, which serves the commercial exteriors market; Wilson Partitions, which serves the commercial interiors market; and Arcadia Custom, which is used in the high-end residential market.

Arcadia

The Arcadia product offering consists of designed, engineered, fabricated and finished aluminum framing systems, windows, curtain walls, storefronts, entrance systems, and other architectural components for use in the commercial exteriors

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market. These products allow architects to create distinctive looks for buildings such as office towers, airports, hotels, education and athletic facilities, health care facilities, government buildings, retail centers, mixed use and multi-family residential buildings, and industrial and manufacturing centers. The products also help address functional requirements such as energy efficiency, hurricane, blast and other impact resistance and/or sound control.

Arcadia’s offerings are sold through an integrated “hub and satellite” network. Light manufacturing, anodizing and painting of aluminum components are performed in Vernon, California, and the component products are shipped to a network of service centers located in markets throughout the western and southwestern United States. Arcadia Products also sources some anodized material directly from third-party extruders. Products are designed to address regional needs and preferences, and each satellite seeks to offer superior product availability, short lead times, product customization, and design and engineering support. Arcadia has attracted a loyal base of regional glazing contractors, subcontractors, commercial architects and designers. In 2025, the Arcadia line accounted for approximately 77% of the net sales of Arcadia Products.

Wilson Partitions

The Wilson Partitions product line is used in the commercial interior framing and partitions markets across the United States, and consists of framing systems, aluminum doors, sliding systems and glazing systems. This line is manufactured in centralized production facilities in California, and is supported by facilities in Connecticut and Texas. The products address both new construction and repairs and remodels; and product capabilities include noise control, fire rating, built-to-order custom finishes, and other functional and aesthetic features. In 2025, the Wilson Partitions line accounted for approximately 13% of the net sales of Arcadia Products.

Arcadia Custom

The Arcadia Custom product line is used by the high-end residential construction market throughout the United States, and is manufactured at production facilities in California, Arizona and Connecticut. It consists of a broad range of custom, fully fabricated aluminum, steel and wood windows and doors for the luxury home market. The Arcadia Custom product team works closely with architects, owners, contractors and installers to provide support throughout the planning, design and installation phases of a residential construction process. In 2025, the Arcadia Custom line accounted for approximately 10% of the net sales of Arcadia Products.

Environmental Sustainability

Arcadia Products’ operations have an ongoing focus on environmental sustainability, including hazardous waste recycling and initiatives aimed at reducing waste. All of Arcadia’s commercial building products and many of our residential product offerings are made from aluminum, including recycled aluminum content.

Many of our architectural products help architects, developers, and building owners achieve their energy-efficiency and sustainability goals by improving energy performance, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions, providing daylight and natural ventilation, and increasing comfort and safety for occupants. Arcadia Products offers high-performance products that comply with the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (“LEED”) Green Building Rating System. In addition, Arcadia Products offers renovation solutions to help modernize aging buildings, providing significantly improved energy performance.

Operations

Arcadia Products is headquartered in Vernon, California, and operates four manufacturing facilities and 10 fabrication and distribution facilities. Anodized and painted aluminum components for Arcadia Products’ applicable offerings are manufactured in Vernon, with additional painting and manufacturing capacity in its Tucson, Arizona facility.

During the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, Arcadia Products represented approximately 40%, 39%, and 42% of DMC’s consolidated net sales, respectively.

Product Warranties

Arcadia Products offers product warranties that are believed to be competitive for the markets in which its products are sold. The nature and extent of these warranties depend upon the product, the market and, in some cases, the customer being served.

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Suppliers and Raw Materials

Materials used in the Arcadia and Wilson Partitions commercial product lines include both finished and unfinished aluminum extrusions, paint and hardware. Materials used in the Arcadia Custom residential product line include aluminum, steel, wood, paint, fabricated glass and hardware. The availability, quality, and costs of many of these commodities have fluctuated, and may continue to fluctuate, over time and are primarily sourced in North America. Generally, we have been able to address raw material price increases in our product pricing to customers. Recently, however, persistently high interest rates, generally lower construction activity in core regional markets, and higher raw material and labor costs have created a competitive bidding environment which has impacted Arcadia Products’ ability to fully pass through higher input costs.

Aluminum is our most important raw material, and we currently have the ability to source from several major suppliers. Other raw materials are readily available from a variety of domestic sources. Arcadia Products generally has good relationships with its suppliers and strives to proactively manage raw material availability and pricing.

Competition

Arcadia and Wilson Partitions

The North American exterior and interior commercial construction markets are highly fragmented. Competitive factors include price, product quality, product attributes and performance, reliable service, regional satellites, local availability, lead-time, on-time delivery, project management, technical engineering and design services. To protect and enhance our competitive position, we maintain strong relationships with our customers and strive to provide value throughout the value chain. There is a great deal of competition in the North American commercial window, storefront and partition manufacturing industry, and the Arcadia and Wilson Partition product lines compete against several national, regional and local manufacturers, as well as regional paint and anodizing finishing companies.

We believe the Arcadia and Wilson Partitions product lines benefit from low-cost manufacturing platforms, effective supply chain management, broad model offerings, product quality and availability, short lead times and highly diversified and long-tenured customer bases. These benefits create significant competitive advantages relative to many other exterior and interior building products manufacturers.

Arcadia Custom

The Arcadia Custom line faces competition nationally from several large, well-known manufacturers and from many smaller, regional competitors. Competitive factors include product quality and design, aesthetics, dealer relationships and relationships with architects and luxury home builders.

Marketing, Sales, Distribution

The Arcadia line relies on a reputation for strong customer service, quality products and competitive lead times to maintain and attract customers. It benefits from strong relationships with local glaziers, installers and subcontractors.

Wilson Partitions products are sold through a national in-house sales force and external sales representatives.

The sales strategy for the Arcadia Custom line is focused on direct selling through a national internal sales team and a dealer network that markets our products to architects and luxury home builders. The sales team focuses on attracting and retaining dealers by striving to consistently provide exceptional customer service, leading product designs and quality, technical expertise and competitive pricing.

Ownership and Management

Following the closing of the Arcadia Products acquisition in December 2021, DMC (through its direct ownership and indirect ownership through our subsidiary DMC Korea) owns 60% of Arcadia Products and the remaining 40% is owned by New Arcadia Holdings, Inc., which is wholly-owned by Synergex Arcadia Holdings LLC, and successor to the previous majority owner of Arcadia, Inc. (“Munera”). Arcadia Products is governed by an Operating Agreement among the Company, Arcadia Products and Munera (the “Operating Agreement”). Pursuant to the Operating Agreement, the Company has the right to appoint four directors to Arcadia Products’ board of directors (the “Arcadia Board”), one of whom will serve as Chairman of the Arcadia Board, and Munera has the right to appoint three directors. If Munera’s ownership in Arcadia Products declines, the number of directors it has the right to appoint will be reduced in the manner set forth in the Operating Agreement. The Arcadia

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Board generally acts by majority vote of the directors, but certain matters specified in the Operating Agreement require the affirmative vote of 80% of the directors.

At any time on or after September 6, 2026, Munera has the right (but not the obligation) to require the Company to purchase (the “Put Option”) its interests in Arcadia Products for a price based on the higher of (a) a value based on the acquisition purchase price and (b) a multiple of Arcadia Products’ average EBITDA for the preceding two fiscal years and its projected EBITDA for the then-current fiscal year (the “Option Purchase Price”), and at any time on or after December 23, 2024, the Company has the right (but not the obligation) to purchase all of Munera’s interests for a price calculated the same as above (the “Call Option”). If the Put Option is exercised, the Option Purchase Price may be paid, at DMC’s option, (i) in cash or (ii) 20% in cash and 80% in shares of a newly designated series of preferred stock of the Company (the “Put Preferred”) that would be authorized at that time. If the Company exercises the Call Option, the Option Purchase Price would be paid in cash. In addition, if the Company or all of its assets are acquired, the Call Option will be deemed to be exercised in connection with such a transaction. Refer to Note 2 “Significant Accounting Policies” within Part II, Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for additional discussion.

DynaEnergetics

DynaEnergetics designs, manufactures, markets and sells perforating systems and associated hardware for the global oil and gas industry. After the well drilling process, steel casing is inserted into the well and cemented in place to isolate and support the integrity of the wellbore. A perforating system, which contains a series of specialized explosive shaped charges, is used to punch holes through the casing and cement liner of the well and into the geologic formation surrounding the well bore. The channels created by the shaped charges allow hydrocarbons to flow back into the wellbore. When hydraulic fracturing is employed, the perforations and channels also provide a starting point and a path for the fracturing fluid to enter and return from the formation.

In unconventional wells, multiple perforating systems, which generally range from seven inches to three feet in length, are connected end-to-end into a perforating “string.” The string, which typically consists of 10 to 12 perforating systems, is lowered into the well and then pumped with fluid across the horizontal lateral to the target location within the shale formation. When the perforating systems are individually initiated via an electronic or digital signal from the surface, the shaped charges detonate. DynaEnergetics designs, manufactures and sells all five primary perforating-system components: the initiation system, shaped charges, detonating cord, gun hardware, and a control panel.

In North America’s well-completion industry, perforating components traditionally have been assembled by highly trained personnel at the well site or nearby assembly facility. In 2015, DynaEnergetics began assembling its perforating systems in a controlled environment at its manufacturing facilities in Blum, Texas. The systems, marketed as DynaStage® (“DS”) Factory-Assembled, Performance-Assured™ perforating systems, are shipped directly to the customers’ remote shop or well site. Since 2015, DynaEnergetics has added several new DS products to accommodate evolving industry conditions and needs.

Operations

The DynaEnergetics segment seeks to build on its products and technologies, as well as its sales, supply chain and distribution network. During the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, the DynaEnergetics segment represented approximately 44%, 45%, and 44% of DMC’s consolidated net sales, respectively.

DynaEnergetics operates manufacturing facilities in Germany and the United States. In Troisdorf, Germany, DynaEnergetics has six integrated detonator manufacturing lines, two shaped charge lines and a detonating cord manufacturing line. In Liebenscheid, Germany, DynaEnergetics operates a manufacturing facility for perforating guns and associated hardware. In the United States, DynaEnergetics has three shaped charge manufacturing lines in Blum, Texas, where product assembly and metal fabricating also occur. We have a second metal fabricating facility in Whitney, Texas. These locations provide global capacity for shaped charge and perforating system production and enhance delivery and customer service capabilities in key markets.

Products

IS2 / IS3: DynaEnergetics has focused on the advancement of safe and selective perforating products for use in North America’s shale, or onshore, unconventional, oil and gas industry. Among these products are the IS2™ and IS3™ Intrinsically Safe Initiating Systems, which include the IS2™ Customer Assembled (“CA”) detonator and the wire-free, plug-in, IS3 Top Fire (“TF”) detonator. The IS3 TF detonator is the key enabling technology in DynaEnergetics’ family of DS Factory-Assembled, Performance-Assured perforating systems. The IS3 detonators require a specific digital code for firing and are

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immune from induced currents and voltages, static electricity and high-frequency irradiation. These safety features substantially reduce the risk of unintentional detonation and enable concurrent perforating and hydraulic fracturing operations at well sites with multiple wellbores, improving operating efficiencies for customers. In response to the exacting needs of customers, we expanded and enhanced the IS3 product line, including adding an IS3 igniter specifically designed for our DS Liberator 2.0 and the DS MicroSet™ 2.0.

DS Systems: The DS Infinity™ 2.0 Factory-Assembled, Performance-Assured perforating systems combine all of DynaEnergetics’ advanced technologies into a preassembled perforating gun that is armed at the well site with the Plug-and-Go™ IS3 TF detonator. The IS3 TF detonator is wire-free and eliminates the customary process of wiring the detonator into the perforating system at the well site. All DS systems are operated using in-house designed and manufactured Infinity™ Control Panels. The Infinity Panel is highly intuitive and allows the gun string to be safely tested and monitored throughout the pump-down operation. The system also incorporates a shot detection function resulting in significant time and cost savings. Design advancements to the IS2 / IS3 lines of initiation products enable customers to safely and reliably set a plug and fire up to 100 perforating systems in a single run. All DS systems can be tested before going down hole using the Infinity Surface Tester, reducing the risk of lost time, mishaps, misruns and misfires due to a system fault. DynaEnergetics is currently upgrading all of its perforating systems to utilize the next generation IS3 detonator, which will enhance the user experience.

DynaEnergetics has successfully expanded the family of DS perforating systems with various models: DS Gravity 2.0, a self-orienting system that features several shaped charges in a single lateral plane; DS NLine™ 2.0, a system that can be oriented at the surface before deployment; DS LoneStar™ 2.0, a single-shot system that delivers large, ultra-consistent entry holes with enhanced formation contact; and DS Echo™, a system designed for re-frac applications. These introductions continue DynaEnergetics’ work over many years to further improve performance and reliability, and expand its product offerings.

Shaped Charges: DynaEnergetics develops and sells a wide range of shaped charges for use in its perforating systems, including the LoneStar and EchoFrac™ charges specifically designed for sale in their respective systems. DynaEnergetics also sells HaloFrac™ charges, which incorporate advancements in liner materials and shaped charge geometry to improve hydraulic fracturing performance, the FracTune™ family of shaped charges, which delivers uniform hole diameter in the well casing independent of shot phasing and gun positioning within the well bore, and the DPEX™ family of charges, which feature energetic liners. All three charge lines can be used with the DS perforating system as well as conventional perforating gun systems across a range of gun diameters. In 2023, DynaEnergetics expanded on its portfolio of equal-entry hole shaped charges through the introduction of Oriented FracTune™, an improved oriented equal entry hole product designed to address the precise requirements of oriented perforating applications in the plug and perforating market. These charges enable exploration and production companies and their wireline service providers to choose from a variety of specifically designed shaped charges to match well completion design requirements.

TCP Systems: DynaEnergetics Tubing Conveyed Perforating (“TCP”) systems are customized for individual customer needs and well applications. TCP enables perforating of conventional vertical wells, as well as highly deviated and horizontal wells. These types of wells are increasingly being drilled by the offshore industry and in applications outside the U.S. TCP tools also perforate long intervals in a single trip, which significantly improves rig efficiency. The TCP tool range includes mechanical and hydraulic firing systems, gun releases, redundant firing heads, under-balancing devices and auxiliary components. DynaEnergetics’ tools are designed to withstand down-hole temperatures of up to 260 degrees Celsius (500 degrees Fahrenheit) for safe and quick assembly at the well site and to allow unrestricted total system length.

Setting and Ballistic Release Tools: DynaEnergetics also sells products that perform critical down-hole functions associated with the perforating process. DS MicroSet™ is a compact, disposable setting tool used to install the fracking plugs that isolate stages in a multi-stage, unconventional oil or gas well. In 2023, we launched DS Liberator™ 2.0, which is a newly designed ballistic release tool that enables wireline service companies to disengage from a perforating string that has become stuck in the well bore.

Plug and Abandonment: The DynaSlot™ perforating system is designed for plug and abandonment (“P&A”) operations. During well abandonment, the wellbore is encased and permanently sealed so that layers of sedimentary rock, and in particular freshwater aquifers, are pressure isolated from each other and the wellbore. The DynaSlot perforating system facilitates this process by creating access to a full 360-degree area between the rock formations and the tubing and/or casing. Customers use the unique helical perforation pattern created by DynaSlot to perform cement squeeze operations that seal off the wellbore. DynaEnergetics maintains its DPU and XPU shaped charge lines, which are designed for P&A and well remediation applications and enable perforating through two or more layers of casing and into the formation. DynaEnergetics also has successfully developed an encapsulated DynaSlot charge specifically designed for cutting down hole control lines. Most recently, DynaEnergetics developed its next generation DynaSlot shaped charges, designed specifically for severing and cutting

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flat-pack control lines, which are mounted vertically behind the wellbore tubulars. Cutting control-lines without damaging the well’s integrity is a critical step in the process of permanently decommissioning offshore wells.

Suppliers and Raw Materials

DynaEnergetics’ product offering consists of complex components that require numerous high-end inputs. DynaEnergetics utilizes a variety of raw materials for the production of oilfield perforating products, including high-quality steel tubes, steel and copper, explosives, granulates, plastics and ancillary plastic product components. DynaEnergetics obtains its raw materials from a number of different producers in Germany, other European countries, and the U.S., but also purchases materials from other international suppliers.

Competition

DynaEnergetics faces competition from independent manufacturers of perforating products and from the industry’s three largest oil and gas service companies, which produce perforating systems for their own use and also buy systems and other perforating components and specialty products from independent suppliers such as DynaEnergetics. We compete for sales primarily on customer service, product quality, reliability, safety, performance, and price.

Customer Profile

DynaEnergetics’ perforating and seismic products are purchased by international and U.S. oilfield service companies of all sizes working in both onshore and offshore oil and gas fields. Its customers select perforating products based on their leading performance, system compatibility, product pricing, and ability to address a broad spectrum of factors, including pressures and temperatures in the wellbore and geological characteristics of the targeted formation.

The customers for DynaEnergetics’ energy products can be divided into four broad categories: purchasing centers of large service companies, international service companies, independent international and North America-based service companies (often referred to as “wireline” companies), and local resellers.

Marketing, Sales, Distribution

DynaEnergetics’ worldwide marketing and sales efforts for its oilfield products are managed from Troisdorf, Germany and Houston, Texas. DynaEnergetics’ sales strategy focuses on direct selling, distribution through licensed distributors and independent sales representatives, education of current and prospective service-company customers about its products and technologies, and education of E&P companies about the benefits of its products and technologies in an effort to generate pull-through demand. Currently, DynaEnergetics sells its oilfield and seismic products through wholly owned affiliates in Germany, the U.S., and Canada, and through independent sales agents in other parts of the world. DynaEnergetics serves the Americas region through its network of sales and distribution centers in the United States and Canada.

DynaEnergetics also designs and manufactures customized perforating products for third-party customers according to their designs and requirements.

Research and Development

DynaEnergetics devotes substantial resources to its research and development (“R&D”) programs. Based predominantly in Troisdorf, Germany, the R&D team works closely with sales, product management, and operations management teams to establish priorities and effectively manage individual projects. Through its ongoing involvement in oil and gas industry trade shows and conferences, DynaEnergetics maintains a strong profile in the oil and gas industry. In addition to its existing shaped charge test facility, which can simulate down-hole, wellbore, and reservoir pressure conditions to develop and test high performance perforating charges for both oil companies and service providers, the R&D group has a purpose-built pressure vessel which can reach 30,000 psi test pressures and be heated to up to 200 degrees Celsius (392 degrees F). This enables the R&D group to support the oil and gas industry with test methods for new products that realistically simulate potentially difficult down-hole conditions. In 2024, DynaEnergetics commissioned the horizontal test loop located at the Blum, Texas campus. This significant investment allows testing of the perforating systems in an environment mimicking down-hole flow conditions, which should enhance the development and testing programs. An R&D plan, which focuses on new technology, products, process support and contracted projects, is prepared and reviewed at least quarterly. R&D costs were $4,226, $4,415, and $5,610 for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

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NobelClad

Explosion-welded cladding technology is a method for welding metals that cannot be joined using conventional welding processes, such as titanium-steel, aluminum-steel, and aluminum-copper. Explosion welding can also be used to weld compatible metals, such as stainless steels and nickel alloys to steel. The cladding metals are typically titanium, stainless steel, aluminum, copper alloys, nickel alloys, tantalum, and zirconium. The base metals are typically carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel and aluminum.

Explosion-welded clad metal is produced as flat plates or concentric cylinders, which can be further formed and fabricated into a broad range of industrial processing equipment or specialized transition joints. Created using a robust cold-welding technology, explosion-welded clad products exhibit high bond strength, often exceeding that of the parent metals. The dimensional capabilities of the process are broad: cladding metal layers can range from a few thousandths of an inch to several inches in thickness and base metal thickness and lateral dimensions are primarily limited by the capabilities of the world’s metal production mills.

Clad metal plates are used in the construction of heavy, corrosion-resistant pressure vessels and heat exchangers. Clad metal plates consist of a thin layer of an expensive, corrosion-resistant clad metal, such as titanium or nickel alloy, which is metallurgically welded to a less expensive structural backing metal, such as carbon steel. For heavy equipment, clad plates generally provide an economical alternative to building the equipment solely out of a corrosion-resistant alloy. While a significant portion of the demand for our clad metal products is driven by maintenance and retrofit projects at existing chemical processing, petrochemical processing, oil refining, and aluminum smelting facilities, new plant construction and large plant expansion projects also account for a significant portion of total demand. These industries tend to be cyclical in nature, and the timing of new order inflow remains difficult to predict.

Clad Metal End-Use Markets

The eight broad industrial sectors discussed below comprise the bulk of demand for NobelClad’s products, with oil and gas and chemical and petrochemical constituting approximately 68% of NobelClad bookings in 2025. This demand is driven by the underlying need for both new equipment and facility maintenance in these primary market sectors.

Oil and Gas: Oil and gas end use markets include both oil and gas production and petroleum refining. Oil and gas production covers a broad scope of operations related to recovering oil and/or gas for subsequent processing in refineries. Clad metal is used in separators, glycol contractors, pipelines, heat exchangers and other related equipment. Clad equipment is also advantageous for oil and gas production from deep, hot, and more corrosive fields. The primary clad metals for the oil and gas production market are stainless steel and nickel alloys clad to steel, with some use of reactive metals such as titanium.

Petroleum refining processes are frequently corrosive and operate at high temperatures and pressures. Clad metal is extensively used in a broad range of equipment including desulfurization hydrotreaters, coke drums, distillation columns, separators and heat exchangers. Reliance upon low-quality, high-sulfur crude drives demand for new corrosion-resistant equipment. Regulatory controls of sulfur emissions in gas, diesel and jet fuel also impact the need for clad equipment. Like the upstream oil and gas sector, the clad metals are primarily stainless steel and nickel alloys.

Chemical and Petrochemical: Many common products, ranging from plastics to prescription drugs to electronic materials, are produced by chemical processes. Because the production of these items often involves corrosive agents and is conducted under high pressure or temperatures, corrosion-resistant equipment is needed. One of the larger applications for clad equipment is in the manufacture of purified terephthalic acid (“PTA”), a precursor product for polyester, which is used in products as diverse as carpets and plastic bottles. The chemical market requires extensive use of stainless steel and nickel alloys, but also uses titanium, zirconium and tantalum.

Alternative Energy: Some alternative energy technologies involve conditions that necessitate clad metals. Solar panels predominantly incorporate high-purity polysilicon. Processes for manufacturing high-purity silicon utilize a broad range of highly corrosion-resistant clad alloys. Many geothermal fields are corrosive, requiring high alloy clad separators to handle the hot steam. In addition, some ethanol technologies and concentrating solar power technologies may require corrosion-resistant metals at thicknesses where clad is an attractive alternative.

Hydrometallurgy: The processes for the production of nickel, gold, and copper involve acids, high pressures, and high temperatures, and titanium-clad plates are used extensively for the construction of associated leaching and peripheral equipment such as autoclaves.

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Aluminum Production: Primary aluminum is reduced from its oxide in large electric smelters called potlines. The electric current is carried via aluminum conductors. The electricity must be transmitted into steel components for the high temperature smelting operations. Aluminum cannot be welded to steel conventionally. Explosion-welded aluminum-steel transition joints provide an energy-efficient and highly durable solution for making these connections. Modern potlines use a large number of transition joints, which are typically replaced after approximately five years in service. Although primary aluminum production is the major electrochemical application for NobelClad products, there are several other electrochemical applications including the production of zinc, magnesium, chlorine and chlorate. We are seeing an increase for equipment related to processing biomass feedstocks and biofuel end products, mostly stainless and nickel alloy clad.

Shipbuilding: The combined problems of corrosion and top-side weight drive demand for our aluminum-steel transition joints, which serve as the juncture between a ship’s upper and lower structures. Top-side weight is often a significant problem with tall ships, including cruise ships, naval vessels, ferries and yachts. Use of aluminum in the upper structure and steel in the lower structure provides stability. Since aluminum cannot be welded directly to steel using conventional welding processes, and since bolted joints between aluminum and steel corrode quickly in seawater, explosion-welded transition joints are a common solution.

Power Generation: Fossil fuel and nuclear power generation plants require extensive use of heat exchangers, many of which require corrosion-resistant alloys to handle low-quality cooling water. Our clad plates are used for heat exchanger tube sheets, and the largest clad tube sheets are used in the final low-pressure condensers. For most coastal and brackish water-cooled plants, titanium is the metal of choice, and titanium-clad tube sheets are the low-cost solution for power plant condensers.

Industrial Refrigeration: Heat exchangers are a core component of refrigeration systems. When the cooling fluid is seawater, brackish, or even slightly polluted, corrosion-resistant metals are necessary. Metal selection can range from stainless steel to copper alloy to titanium. Explosion-welded clad metal is often the low-cost solution for making tube sheets. Applications range from refrigeration chillers on fishing boats to massive air conditioning units for skyscrapers, airports, and deep underground mines.

New Applications/Industry Development

NobelClad continues its efforts in applications and materials innovations, with the goal of expanding NobelClad’s end-use markets and customer base. Examples of these efforts include the development of a new application of clad in the production of engineered wood, development of improved electrical transition joints for smelting applications, high-pressure reactive metals chemical processing pipe systems and cryogenic joints to LNG and air separation units.

Operations

During the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, the NobelClad segment represented approximately 15%, 16%, and 15% of DMC’s consolidated net sales, respectively. NobelClad’s manufacturing facilities and their respective cladding sites in Pennsylvania and Germany provide the production capacity to address projects for NobelClad’s global customer base.

NobelClad uses proprietary processes and technology to produce high-quality clad metal products and limit re-work costs. The entire explosion-welding process involves significant precision in all stages, and any errors can be extremely costly as they often result in the discarding of the expensive raw material metals. NobelClad’s technological expertise helps ensure precision, minimize errors, and prevent costly waste.

NobelClad’s metal products are primarily produced for custom projects and conform to requirements set forth in customers’ purchase orders. Upon receipt of an order, NobelClad obtains the component materials from a variety of sources based on quality, availability and cost, and then produces the order in one of its manufacturing facilities. Final products are processed to meet contract-specific requirements for product configuration and quality/inspection level.

Products

NobelClad manufacturing technology is used in a variety of product applications.

DetaClad™: Our explosion clad plates and cylinders, available in 260 compatible and non-compatible metal combinations, are used in a range of industries as the basis for constructing pressure vessels, towers and crystallizers.

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Tube Sheets: Our clad tube sheets are made from corrosion-resistant alloys, making them ideal for applications ranging from refrigeration chillers on fishing boats to air conditioners for use in food and pharmaceutical manufacturing.

Vessel Heads & Cylinders: NobelClad delivers high-quality clad heads of all sizes for reactors, heat exchangers and process vessels. We adapt our head forming process to specific clad metal combinations.

Structural Detacouple™ and Triclad™ Transition Joints: NobelClad’s structural transition joints permanently join metals without mechanical fasteners. Shipbuilders turn to us to connect superstructures and bulkheads to steel hulls, framing and deck components.

ETJ2000™, ETJ 2001™ and ETJ 3000™: NobelClad’s electrical transition joints offer strong, low electrical resistance solutions for aluminum and zinc smelting, when anode clad and cathode applications must operate at elevated temperatures.

Cylindra™ Cryogenic Transition Joints: Compared with bolted connection systems, Cylindra™ offers an easier, more reliable way to connect stainless steel to aluminum pipes for producing LNG and industrial gases in Air Separation Units.

DetaPipe™ Spools, Elbows and Branches: NobelClad develops reactive metal pipe spools and elbows for piping systems in demanding high-pressure and high-temperature processes. This new technology allows end users to benefit from the corrosion resistance performance and process safety that metals like zirconium, titanium and tantalum provide.

Suppliers and Raw Materials

NobelClad’s operations involve a range of alloys, steels and other materials, such as stainless steel, copper alloys, nickel alloys, titanium, zirconium, tantalum, aluminum and other metals. NobelClad sources its raw materials from a number of different producers and suppliers. It holds a limited metal inventory and purchases its raw materials based on contract specifications. Under most contracts, any raw material price increases are passed on to NobelClad’s customers. NobelClad closely monitors the quality of its supplies and inspects the type, dimensions, markings, and certification of all incoming metals to ensure that the materials will satisfy applicable construction codes. NobelClad sources its metals from top global manufacturers and distributors. In the U.S., NobelClad manufactures its own explosives from standard raw materials sourced from a qualified supplier in Europe.

Competition

Hot Roll Bonding and Weld Overlay. NobelClad faces competition from two primary alternative cladding technologies: hot roll bonding and weld overlay. These technologies do not always compete directly, as each has applications that are better suited, relating to the metals used and thicknesses required. However, specific project considerations such as technical specifications, price and delivery time allow these technologies to compete directly with explosion-welding. In the roll bond process, the clad metal and base metal are bonded during the hot rolling operation in which the metal slab is converted to plate. The weld overlay process is used by many vessel fabricators that are often also NobelClad customers. In weld overlay cladding, the clad metal layer is deposited on the base metal using arc-welding type processes.

Explosion-Welded Metal Cladding. Competition in the explosion-welded clad metal business is global, and we believe that NobelClad holds a premium market position in the industry. Within North America, NobelClad is one of the largest producers of explosion-welded clad products. In Europe, its manufacturing capacity gives NobelClad a strong position against competitors. In Asia, NobelClad has mixed competition ranging from competitors with strong brand names and competitive technology to other producers that are technically limited and offer minimal exports outside of their domestic markets. To remain competitive, NobelClad intends to continue developing and providing technologically advanced manufacturing services, maintaining quality levels, offering flexible delivery schedules, delivering finished products on a reliable basis and competing favorably on the basis of price.

Customer Profile

NobelClad’s customers can be divided into three tiers: the product end users (e.g., operators of chemical processing plants, and aluminum smelting plants), the engineering contractors that design and construct plants for end users, and the metal fabricators that manufacture the products or equipment that utilize NobelClad’s metal products. It is typically the fabricator that places the purchase order with NobelClad and pays the corresponding invoice. NobelClad has developed strong relationships over the years with the engineering contractors, process licensors, and equipment operating companies that frequently act as buying agents for fabricators.

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Marketing, Sales, Distribution

NobelClad conducts its selling efforts by marketing its services to potential customers’ senior management, direct sales personnel, program managers, and independent sales representatives. Prospective customers in specific industries are identified through networking in the industry, cooperative relationships with suppliers, public relations, customer references, inquiries from technical articles and seminars, website inquiries, webinars, and trade shows. NobelClad’s sales office in the United States covers both North and South America. Its sales offices in Europe cover the full European continent, Africa, the Middle East, and India. NobelClad also has a sales office in South Korea and China to address the Asian markets and uses contract agents to cover various other countries. Contract agents typically work under multi-year agreements which are subject to sales performance targets as well as compliance with NobelClad quality, customer service and compliance expectations. By maintaining relationships with its existing customers, developing new relationships with prospective customers, and educating its customers as to the technical benefits of NobelClad’s products, NobelClad strives to assist in setting standard specifications, both by our customers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and ASTM International, to ensure the highest quality and reliability are achieved.

NobelClad’s products are generally shipped from its manufacturing locations in the United States and Germany. Any shipping costs or duties for which NobelClad is responsible will typically be included in the price paid by the customer. Regardless of where the sale is booked, NobelClad will produce it, capacity permitting, at the location closest to the delivery place. If there is a capacity issue at one facility, NobelClad can produce the order at its other production site, prioritizing timing. The two production sites allow NobelClad to meet customer production needs in a timely manner.

Research and Development

NobelClad prepares a formal research and development plan annually. It is supervised by a technical committee that reviews progress quarterly and meets once a year to establish the plan for the following 12 months. Research and development projects may address process support, new products, new applications, new technologies such as additive manufacturing, and special customer-paid or co-sponsored projects.

Corporate History and Recent Developments

The Company originated as an unincorporated business called “Explosive Fabricators,” which was formed in Colorado in 1965. The business was incorporated in Colorado in 1971 under the name “E. F. Industries, Inc.,” which was later changed to “Explosive Fabricators, Inc.” The Company became publicly traded in 1976. In 1994, the Company changed its name to “Dynamic Materials Corporation.” The Company reincorporated in Delaware in 1997.

In 2001, the Company acquired substantially all of the stock of NobelClad Europe SA, a French company (“NobelClad Europe”), which expanded the Company’s explosive metalworking operations to Europe.

In 2007, the Company acquired the German company DynaEnergetics GmbH and Co. KG (“DynaEnergetics”) and certain affiliates, which expanded the Company’s explosive metalworking operations in Europe and added a complementary energy products business.

In 2013, the Company branded its explosive metalworking operations under the single name NobelClad, and in 2014, the Company re-branded the energy products segment as DynaEnergetics.

In 2016, the Company changed its name to DMC Global Inc.

In 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of 60% of the membership interests in Arcadia Products. This acquisition diversified the markets and industries in which we operate and dramatically expanded our addressable markets.

In January 2024, the Company announced that the Board initiated a review of strategic alternatives for the DynaEnergetics and NobelClad businesses to maximize value for shareholders and other stakeholders. In October 2024, the Company announced that the Board was no longer actively marketing the DynaEnergetics and NobelClad segments.

Human Capital

DMC empowers its people and organizations by institutionalizing entrepreneurship and celebrating ingenuity. We stand behind our businesses in ways that truly add value. Our culture is based on four core values: Integrity, Courage, Teamwork, and Humility, which are embedded into our operating strategies.

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DMC’s human capital resources and programs are managed by its Human Resources department, with support from business leaders across the Company. DMC’s senior management team plays a key role in setting and monitoring culture, values, and broader human capital management practices, with oversight by the Board.

Employee Base. As of December 31, 2025, we employed approximately 1,500 employees, of which 1,300 employees are located inside the U.S. and 200 are located internationally. The majority of our employees are engaged in manufacturing operations, with the remainder primarily in sales, marketing and administrative functions. None of our U.S. manufacturing employees are part of a labor union. In addition, we use a number of temporary workers at any given time, depending on workload at our businesses.

Compensation and Benefits. Our compensation and benefits teams regularly evaluate our comprehensive benefits program, and we strive to develop and implement policies and programs that are fair to employees, support our business goals, maintain competitiveness, and promote shared fiscal responsibility among DMC and our employees. We offer employees benefits that vary by country and are designed to promote employee well-being, meet or exceed the requirements of local laws, and be competitive in the marketplace. Examples of benefits offered in the U.S. include traditional and Roth 401(k) plans with matching employer contributions; health benefits; life and disability insurance; additional voluntary insurance; paid counseling assistance; paid time off and parental leave.

Health and Safety. The health and safety of our employees is fundamental to our success. We focus on the health and safety of our employees and engage various processes and programs to identify and manage risks through recognition, evaluation, and education. We empower our employees by fostering a sense of responsibility for managing their own work environment through open communication and training. Our occupational health and safety management system is designed to foster a robust safety culture, stringent risk management and effective leadership.

Respect For All People. We strive to maintain a culture that values and respects every individual. We believe that a broad range of perspectives drives innovation and empowers employees to excel, helping us achieve our business objectives. Our approach includes creating an environment where our employees feel supported and providing equal opportunities for all of our employees.

Employee Development. DMC is committed to recognizing top talent and fostering career growth within the organization. We seek to maximize the potential of our employees through learning and development initiatives. We believe that investing in skill enhancement is essential to driving engagement and supporting long-term retention.

Ethics. All employees, including senior management and the Board, are required to conduct themselves in accordance with professional and ethical standards, informed by a robust Code of Ethics and Business Conduct (the “Code”). We are committed to ensuring a work environment in which all employees are treated with dignity and respect. We have strict policies to protect against unlawful discrimination and harassment, and a Compliance Hotline that provides an alternative and anonymous method of reporting suspected violations of the Code, DMC’s corporate policies or applicable laws.

Government Regulations

DMC is subject to numerous environmental, legal and other governmental and regulatory requirements related to its operations worldwide. For additional details, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Legal and Regulatory Risks”, which is incorporated by reference in this Item 1.

Insurance

Our operations expose us to potential liabilities for property damage and personal injury or death as a result of the failure of a component that has been designed, manufactured, serviced, processed, or distributed by us. On an annual basis, we re-evaluate the purchase of insurance, coverage limits and deductibles. Currently, our insurance program includes, among other things, general liability, umbrella liability, personal property, vehicle, workers’ compensation, and employer’s liability coverage. We maintain coverage that we believe is prudent based on known risks and estimated loss potential, and we believe our insurance program is adequate for our business operations.

Intellectual Property

We hold a variety of intellectual property through our businesses including but not limited to patents, patent applications, registered and unregistered trademarks, trade secrets, proprietary information and know-how. We have followed a policy of

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seeking patent and trademark protection in countries and regions throughout the world for products and methods that appear to have commercial significance.

No single patent or trademark is considered to be critical to any of Arcadia Products’, DynaEnergetics’, or NobelClad’s operations.

We are careful in protecting our proprietary know-how and manufacturing expertise in Arcadia Products, DynaEnergetics, and NobelClad, and each business unit has implemented measures and procedures designed to ensure that the information remains confidential.

Foreign and Domestic Operations and Export Sales

All sales are shipped from our manufacturing facilities and distribution centers located in the United States, Germany, and Canada. The following table presents our net sales based on the geographic destination of our shipment.

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Company Information

We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We therefore file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The SEC maintains an Internet site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically.

Our Internet address is www.dmcglobal.com. Information contained on our website does not constitute part of this Form 10-K. Our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act are available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. We also regularly post information about our Company on our website under the “Investors” tab.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

Please carefully consider the following discussion of material factors, events, and uncertainties that make our business and an investment in our securities subject to risk. These risk factors do not identify all risks that we face; our operations could also be affected by factors, events, or uncertainties that are not presently known to us or that we currently do not consider to present significant risks to our operations.

Summary of Principal Risk Factors

The following is a summary of the principal risk factors that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. This summary should be read together with the more detailed descriptions of risks relating to our Company below.

Risk Factors Related to Arcadia Products

•North American and global economic and industry-related business conditions materially affect our sales and results of operations.

•We may not be able to continue to compete successfully against other companies in our industry.

•If we are unable to manage our supply chain effectively, including availability and price of materials used in our products, our results of operations will be negatively affected.

•An inability to successfully develop new products or improve existing products could negatively impact our ability to attract new customers and/or retain existing customers.

•Product quality issues and product liability claims could adversely affect our operating results.

Risk Factors Related to DynaEnergetics

•Demand for DynaEnergetics’ products is substantially dependent on the levels of capital expenditures by the oil and gas industry. Decreases or expected decreases in oil and gas prices and reduced expenditures in the oil and gas industry could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

•Customer concentration or consolidation of our customers and competitors may impact our results of operations.

•Failure to adjust our manufacturing and supply chain to accurately meet customer demands could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

•Failure to manage periods of growth or contraction may seriously harm our business.

•We may not be able to continue to compete successfully against other companies in our industry.

Risk Factors Related to NobelClad

•NobelClad’s business is dependent on sales to a limited number of customers in cyclical markets and our results are affected by the price of metals.

•We are dependent on a relatively small number of large projects and customers for a significant portion of our net sales.

•

•There is no assurance that we will continue to compete successfully against other manufacturers of competitive products.

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Risk Factors Related to our Businesses Generally

•Our efforts to grow and transform our businesses may require significant investments; if our strategies are unsuccessful, our business, results of operations and/or financial condition may be materially adversely affected.

•Our operations are subject to political and economic instability and risk of government actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated results of operations, and consolidated financial condition.

•Inflation and elevated interest rates have, and may continue to, adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.

•Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected by disruptions in the global and European economies caused by the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine and instability in the Middle East.

•Our operating results fluctuate from quarter to quarter.

•We are exposed to potentially volatile fluctuations of the U.S. dollar (our reporting currency) against the currencies of many of our operating subsidiaries.

•Disruptions or delays involving our suppliers or increases in prices for the components, raw materials and parts that we obtain from our suppliers could have a material adverse effect on our business and consolidated results of operations.

•The terms of our indebtedness contain a number of restrictive covenants, the breach of any of which could result in acceleration of payment of our credit facilities.

•If our customers delay paying or fail to pay a significant amount of our outstanding receivables, it could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, consolidated results of operations, and consolidated financial condition.

•New or existing tariffs and other trade measures could adversely affect our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

•

•Changes in immigration laws or enforcement programs could adversely affect our business.

•

•Artificial intelligence presents risks and challenges that could adversely affect our business.

•

Legal and Regulatory Risks

•Our operations require us to comply with numerous laws and regulations, violations of which could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

•

•Demand for our products could be reduced by existing and future legislation, regulations and public sentiment.

•

•Failure to comply with applicable federal, state and local employment and labor laws and regulations could have a material, adverse impact on our business.

•The regulatory environment governing information, data security and privacy is increasingly demanding and evolving and a data security breach could result in litigation, enforcement actions and related penalties and fines.

Intellectual Property Risks

•Our failure to protect our proprietary information and any successful intellectual property challenges against us could materially and adversely affect our competitive position.

•We may incur substantial costs defending against third parties alleging that we infringe their proprietary rights.

Risks Related to Acquisitions

•We have incurred debt to finance the acquisition of 60% of Arcadia Products and may incur additional substantial financial obligations in connection with the acquisition of the remaining 40% of Arcadia Products.

•DMC is the majority shareholder of Arcadia Products, and our interest in Arcadia Products is subject to the risks normally associated with the conduct of businesses with a minority shareholder.

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Risk Factors Related to Our Common Stock

•The price and trading volume of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile, which may make it difficult for investors to resell the common stock at attractive timing or pricing.

•Our business could be negatively affected as a result of actions of activist stockholders or others.

•Our stockholder protection rights agreement includes terms and conditions that could discourage a takeover or other transaction that stockholders may consider favorable.

•Future sales of our common stock in the public market or the issuance of equity securities, including in connection with an exercise of the Put Option, could dilute our existing stockholders and adversely affect the trading price of our common stock and our ability to raise funds in future equity offerings.

Risk Factors Related to Arcadia Products

North American and global economic and industry-related business conditions materially affect our sales and results of operations.

Our Arcadia Products business is significantly influenced by North American economic conditions and the cyclical nature of the North American commercial and residential construction industry. The construction industry is impacted by macroeconomic trends, such as availability of credit, employment levels, consumer confidence, interest rates and commodity prices. Continued inflationary pressure, a high-interest rate environment, and rising construction costs have reduced, and could continue to reduce, the demand for our products and impact our profitability. Elevated interest rates make it more expensive to finance construction projects, and as a result, may reduce the demand for our products. In addition, changes in architectural design trends, demographic trends, and/or remote work trends could negatively impact demand for our products. To the extent changes in these factors negatively impact the overall commercial construction industry, our revenue and profits could be significantly reduced.

We may not be able to continue to compete successfully against other companies in our industry.

The markets in which Arcadia Products operates are highly competitive and many of our competitors are larger and better capitalized than we are. These competitors may be better able to withstand changes in conditions within the industries and markets in which we operate and may have significantly greater operating and financial flexibility than we have. Moreover, barriers to entry are low in certain product lines and new competitors may enter our industry, whether within the U.S. or internationally. The actions of our existing competitors or new competitors could result in loss of customers and/or market share. Changes in our competitors’ products, prices or services could negatively impact our market share, net sales and/or margins.

If we are unable to manage our supply chain effectively, including availability and price of materials used in our products, our results of operations will be negatively affected.

We obtain a significant portion of our key raw materials, such as aluminum extrusions, from a few key suppliers. While we structure many of our supply arrangements to moderate the effects of fluctuations in the market for raw aluminum and we endeavor to adjust our customer pricing to offset potential impacts, operating results could be negatively impacted by price movements in the market for raw aluminum. In recent years, we have seen increased volatility in the price of aluminum that we purchase from our key suppliers.

Our suppliers are subject to fluctuations in general economic cycles. Global economic conditions and political and economic instability may impact their ability to operate their businesses, including the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, unrest in the Middle East, and related government actions. Some of our suppliers have been and may continue to be negatively impacted by the costs or availability of raw materials, labor and transportation, and they may not be able to handle commodity cost volatility or changing volumes while still performing up to our specifications. These factors may cause suppliers to be unable to meet their commitments or to negatively change the terms of supply arrangements.

The loss of, or substantial decrease in the availability of, products from our suppliers, or the loss of a key supplier, could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. If any of our key suppliers are unable to meet their commitments, or if those supply arrangements are terminated, we may not be able to obtain certain raw materials on commercially reasonable terms or at all, and may suffer a significant interruption in our ability to manufacture our products, including because it may be difficult to find substitute or alternate suppliers as the aluminum extrusions we use are customized.

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We could also be required to maintain higher inventory levels as we address supply uncertainties. Such developments would result in higher costs and potentially a decrease in our revenues and profitability. If our supply of raw materials is disrupted or our delivery times are extended, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

An inability to successfully develop new products or improve existing products could negatively impact our ability to attract new customers and/or retain existing customers.

Our success depends on meeting consumer needs and anticipating changes in consumer preferences with successful new products and product improvements. We aim to introduce products and new product designs proactively to offset obsolescence and decreases in sales of existing products. While we devote significant focus to the development of new products, we may not be successful in product development and our new products may not be commercially successful. In addition, it is possible that competitors may improve their products more rapidly or effectively, which could adversely affect our sales. Furthermore, market demand may decline as a result of consumer preferences trending away from our categories or trending down within our brands or product categories, which could adversely impact our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Product quality issues and product liability claims could adversely affect our operating results.

We believe that future orders of our products will depend on our ability to maintain the performance, reliability, quality and timely delivery standards required by our customers. We have in the past been and currently are subject to product liability and warranty claims. If our products have performance, reliability or quality problems, or products are installed improperly, we may experience additional warranty expense; reduced or canceled orders; or delays in the collection of accounts receivable. Additionally, product liability and warranty claims could result in costly and time-consuming litigation that could require significant time and attention of management and involve significant monetary damages that could negatively impact our operating results. There is no assurance that the number and value of product liability and warranty claims will not increase as compared to historical claim rates, or that our warranty reserve at any particular time will be sufficient. No assurance can be given that coverage under insurance policies, if applicable, will be adequate to cover future product liability claims against us. If we are unable to recover on insurance claims, in whole or in part, or if we exhaust our available insurance coverage at some point in the future, then we might be forced to expend legal fees and settlement or judgment costs relating to product liability and warranty claims, which could negatively impact our profitability, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Risk Factors Related to DynaEnergetics

Demand for DynaEnergetics’ products is substantially dependent on the levels of capital expenditures by the oil and gas industry. Decreases or expected decreases in oil and gas prices and reduced expenditures in the oil and gas industry could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

These expenditures are generally dependent on the industry’s view of future oil and natural gas prices and are sensitive to the industry’s view of future economic growth and the resulting impact on demand for oil and natural gas. Industry consolidation and increased costs have caused E&P companies to decrease investment in U.S. land-based drilling, completion, and production activities. This decreased investment, combined with ongoing uncertainty regarding future crude oil demand, has resulted in competitive pressures and reduced the prices we can charge for our products. In addition, the oil and gas industry has historically been cyclical, and to date in 2026, oil prices have declined significantly from their 2022 highs.

The prices for oil and natural gas have historically been volatile and can be affected by a variety of factors, including:

•changes in the supply of and demand for hydrocarbons, which are affected by general economic, business and regulatory conditions;

•the ability or willingness of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) and other oil producing companies to set and maintain production levels for oil;

•oil and gas production levels in the U.S. and in other non-OPEC countries;

•the level of excess production capacity;

•speculation as to the future price of oil and the speculative trading of oil and natural gas futures contracts;

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•government initiatives to restrict oil and gas drilling or development or promote the use of renewable energy sources and public sentiment regarding the same;

•political and economic uncertainty, geopolitical unrest, and acts of war;

•the level of worldwide oil and gas exploration and production activity;

•access to potential resources;

•changes in governmental policies, subsidies, sanctions, and tariffs;

•the costs of exploring for, producing and delivering oil and gas;

•technological advances affecting energy consumption; and

•weather conditions, natural disasters, and pandemics or epidemics.

Customer concentration or consolidation of our customers and competitors may impact our results of operations.

The oil and gas industry has historically experienced periods of consolidation which may result in reduced capital spending by some of our customers, the acquisition of one or more of our primary customers, or competitors and consolidated entities using size and purchasing power to seek pricing or other concessions, which may lead to decreased demand or pricing for our products. We are continuing to experience significant customer concentration and customer consolidation, resulting in certain customers having substantial negotiating leverage, which has negatively impacted our pricing, margins and profitability, as well as increasing accounts receivable concentration among fewer customers. During the year ended December 31, 2025, one DynaEnergetics customer accounted for approximately 26% of consolidated net sales of the Company. As a result, industry consolidation may have a significant negative impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Failure to adjust our manufacturing and supply chain to accurately meet customer demands could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

We make significant decisions, including determining the levels of business that we will seek and accept, production schedules, levels of reliance on contract manufacturing and outsourcing, internal fabrication utilization and other resource requirements, based on our estimates of customer requirements. Factors that can impact our ability to accurately estimate future customer requirements include the short-term nature of many customers’ commitments, our customers’ ability to reschedule, cancel and modify orders with little or no notice and without significant penalty, the accuracy of our customers’ forecasts, and seasonal or cyclical trends in customers’ industries.

As a result, we incur inventory and manufacturing costs in advance of anticipated sales that may never materialize or which may be substantially lower than expected. If actual demand for our products is lower than forecast, we may also experience higher inventory carrying and operating costs and product obsolescence. Because certain of our sales, research and development, and internal manufacturing overhead expenses are relatively fixed, a reduction in customer demand may also decrease our gross margin and operating income.

We may be unable to secure sufficient materials or contract manufacturing capacity to meet such increases in demand. This could damage our customer relationships, reduce revenue growth and margins, subject us to additional liabilities, harm our reputation, and prevent us from taking advantage of opportunities.

Failure to manage periods of growth or contraction may seriously harm our business.

Our industry frequently sees periods of expansion and contraction which require companies to adjust to customers’ needs and market demands. If we fail to manage these growth and contraction decisions effectively, we may find ourselves with either excess or insufficient resources and our business and our profitability could suffer as a result.

Periods of contraction or reduced net sales, or other factors negatively affecting particular markets, require us to assess whether facilities remain viable, whether staffing levels need to be reduced, and how to respond to changing levels of customer demand. While maintaining excess capacity or higher levels of employment entails short-term costs, reductions in capacity or employment could impair our ability to respond to new opportunities and programs, market improvements or to maintain

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customer relationships. Our decisions to reduce costs and capacity can affect our short-term and long-term results and result in restructuring charges.

If we are unable to effectively manage our expansion projects or related anticipated net sales are not realized, our operating results could be materially adversely affected.

We may not be able to continue to compete successfully against other companies in our industry.

The markets in which we operate are highly competitive. DynaEnergetics competes with a broad spectrum of companies that produce and market perforating services and products. Many of these companies are large national and multi-national companies, including the oil and natural gas industry’s largest oilfield service providers. These companies have longer operating histories, greater financial, technical, and other resources, and greater name recognition than we do. In addition, we compete with many smaller companies capable of competing effectively on a regional or local basis. Our competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements. If we fail to compete successfully against our competition, we may be unable to maintain acceptable sales levels, prices and margins for our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

If we are not able to design, develop, and produce commercially competitive products in a timely manner in response to changes in the market, customer requirements, competitive pressures, and technology trends, our business and consolidated results of operations and the value of our intellectual property could be materially and adversely affected. Likewise, if our proprietary technologies, equipment, facilities, or work processes become obsolete, we may no longer be competitive, and our business and consolidated results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

We may be unable to successfully execute and realize the expected financial benefits from strategic initiatives.

From time to time, our business has engaged in strategic initiatives, and such activities may occur in the future. These efforts have included a series of automation, lean manufacturing and cost-reduction initiatives designed to enhance profitability and improve quality. We may not realize the full benefits expected within the anticipated timeframe. Adverse effects from strategy-driven organizational changes could interfere with our realization of anticipated synergies, customer service improvements and cost savings from these strategic initiatives. Additionally, our ability to fully realize the benefits and implement strategic initiatives may be limited by certain contractual commitments. Moreover, we may incur substantial expenses in connection with the execution of strategic plans in excess of what is forecasted. Further, strategic initiatives can be a complex and time-consuming process that can place substantial demands on management, which could divert attention from other business priorities or disrupt our daily operations. Any of these failures could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, which could constrain our liquidity.

U. There is also increased focus, including by governments and our customers, investors and other stakeholders, on these and other sustainability and energy transition matters. Existing or future legislation and regulations related to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, as well as initiatives by governments, non-governmental organizations, and companies to conserve energy or promote the use of alternative energy sources, and negative attitudes toward or perceptions of fossil fuel products and their relationship to the environment, may significantly curtail demand for and production of oil and gas in areas of the world where our customers operate, and thus reduce future demand for DynaEnergetics’ products.

In addition, some international, national, state and local governments and agencies have also adopted laws and regulations or are evaluating proposed legislation and regulations that are focused on directly limiting the extraction of shale

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gas or oil using hydraulic fracturing. Such reductions in demand for our products may, in turn, adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Such preferences could also impact our ability to obtain acceptable debt or equity financing on attractive terms or at all and could negatively impact our stock price over time. Our business, reputation and demand for our stock could be negatively affected if we do not (or are perceived to not) act responsibly with respect to sustainability matters.

Risk Factors Related to NobelClad

NobelClad’s business is dependent on sales to a limited number of customers in cyclical markets and our results are affected by the price of metals.

NobelClad revenues are affected by the demand for explosion-welded clad solutions, the base price of metal used in explosion-welded cladding operations and the growing adoption of products and vessels manufactured in China and India.

Metals prices affect the demand for cladded products and our margins, with higher metal prices generally increasing demand for use of cladded materials over solid metals, which leads to higher sales (in terms of dollars rather than square meters of cladding) and generally higher margins for NobelClad. Our business is subject to volatility in metal prices and tariffs. Recent increases in U.S. tariffs on metals, as well as retaliatory measures by other countries or any further changes to global trade policy, have and may continue to adversely affect margins, and disrupt supply chains. Higher material costs may cause customers to delay projects and reduce demand.

We are dependent on a relatively small number of large projects and customers for a significant portion of our net sales.

A significant portion of our net sales is derived from a relatively small number of projects and customers; therefore, the failure to complete existing contracts on a timely basis, to receive payment for such services in a timely manner, or to enter into future contracts at projected volumes and profitability levels could adversely affect our ability to meet cash requirements exclusively through operating activities. We attempt to minimize the risk of losing customers or specific contracts by continually improving commercial execution and product quality, delivering product on time and competing aggressively on the basis of price. Inflationary conditions in many markets have created uncertainty in our end markets, and we have seen delays in projects and capital expenditures. We expect to continue to depend upon our principal customers for a significant portion of our sales, although our principal customers may not continue to purchase products and services from us at current levels, if at all. The loss of one or more major customers or a change in their buying patterns could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We use backlog to predict our anticipated future sales. We define “backlog” at any given point in time to consist of all firm, unfulfilled purchase orders and commitments at that time. However, since orders may be rescheduled or canceled and a significant portion of our net sales is derived from a small number of customers, backlog is not necessarily indicative of future sales levels.

Our cladding process involves the detonation of large amounts of explosives. As a result, the sites where we perform cladding must meet certain criteria, including adequate distance from densely populated areas, specific geological

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characteristics, and the ability to comply with local noise and vibration abatement regulations in conducting the process. Our cladding sites in Pennsylvania and in Germany are located in mines. Our Pennsylvania cladding site is subleased under an arrangement pursuant to which we provide certain contractual services to the sub-landlord, and this sublease expires in 2054. Our cladding sites require ongoing maintenance and investment, and failure to adequately maintain these sites could result in reduced access or capacity constraints. In addition, we could experience difficulty in obtaining or renewing permits because of resistance from residents in the vicinity of existing or proposed sites. The failure to obtain required governmental approvals or permits could limit our ability to expand our cladding business in the future, and the failure to maintain such permits or satisfy other conditions to use the sites would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

There is no assurance that we will continue to compete successfully against other manufacturers of competitive products.

Our explosion-welded clad products compete on a worldwide basis with explosion-welded clad products made by other manufacturers in the clad metal business and with products manufactured using other technologies. Explosion-welded clad products also compete with products manufactured by roll bond and weld overlay cladding processes. The technical and commercial niches of each cladding process are well understood within the industry and vary from one market location to another and at different metal prices. We focus on reliability, product quality, on-time delivery performance, and low-cost manufacturing to minimize the potential of future competitive threats. However, there is no guarantee we will be able to maintain our competitive position.

Customers have the right to change orders until products are completed.

If orders are changed, the extra expenses associated with the change usually will be passed on to the customer. However, because a change in an order may delay completion of the project, recognition of income for the project may also be delayed. Additionally, any errors or changes as to specifications or significant changes in pricing or availability of materials may cause cost overruns and delays in completion of projects. If we fail to meet delivery schedules, we may be required to pay damages or may risk loss of an order, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The warranties require us to repair or replace defective products and may require the payment of a certain percentage of the purchase price as liquidated damages for our failure to meet the specified product specifications and delivery requirements. In addition, our clad products are often used as part of larger projects or are used in potentially hazardous and highly regulated applications such as power generation, LNG facilities, spacecraft, and air-compression systems, where failures can have safety, environmental, and operational consequences, including injury or loss of life and damage to property or equipment. In the event of an actual or alleged product defect, we may be named as a defendant in product liability or other lawsuits asserting potentially large claims. Given that such incidents could carry heightened visibility and risk, our potential exposure may be disproportionally significant. We cannot guarantee that insurance will be available or adequate to cover any or all liabilities incurred. If we experience an increase in warranty claims or if our repair and replacement costs associated with warranty claims increase significantly, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risk Factors Related to our Businesses Generally

Our efforts to grow and transform our businesses may require significant investments; if our strategies are unsuccessful, our business, results of operations and/or financial condition may be materially adversely affected.

We continuously evaluate opportunities for growth and change. These initiatives may involve making acquisitions, entering into partnerships and joint ventures, divesting assets, restructuring our existing operations and assets, creating new financial structures and building new facilities, any of which could require a significant investment and subject us to new risks. We may incur additional indebtedness to finance these opportunities. If our strategies for growth and change are not successful, we could face increased financial pressure, such as increased cash flow demands, reduced liquidity and diminished access to financial markets, and the equity value of our businesses could be diluted.

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The implementation of strategies for growth and change may create additional risks, including:

•diversion of management’s time and attention away from existing operations;

•requiring capital investment that could otherwise be used for the operation and growth of our existing businesses;

•disruptions to important business relationships;

•increased operating costs;

•limitations imposed by various governmental entities; and

•difficulties due to lack of or limited prior experience in any new markets we may enter.

In addition, we may fail to fully achieve the savings or growth projected for current or future initiatives notwithstanding the expenditure of substantial resources in pursuit thereof.

Our operations are subject to political and economic instability and risk of government actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated results of operations, and consolidated financial condition.

Our operations are subject to various risks unique to each country that could have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated results of operations, and consolidated financial condition. With respect to any particular country, these risks may include:

•political, social and economic instability;

•civil unrest, acts of terrorism, force majeure, war, or other armed conflict;

•public health crises and catastrophic events;

•inflation;

•currency fluctuations, devaluations, conversion, or repatriation restrictions;

•expropriation and nationalization of our assets;

•confiscatory taxation or other adverse tax policies;

•theft of, or lack of sufficient legal protection for, proprietary technology and other intellectual property;

•limitations on extraction of shale gas or oil using hydraulic fracturing;

•limitations on or disruptions to our markets or operations, restrictions on payments, or limitations on the movement of funds;

•increased tariffs, quotas, duties, or other adverse changes to trade policy;

•economic sanctions or other restrictions;

•unexpected changes in legal and regulatory requirements, including changes in interpretation or enforcement of existing laws;

•deprivation of contract rights; and

•the inability to obtain or retain licenses required for operation.

Inflation and elevated interest rates have, and may continue to, adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.

Our business and financial results could continue to be adversely affected by significant inflation and higher interest rates. During the past three years, the global economy has experienced significant inflationary pressures. Inflation has, and could continue to, adversely affect us by increasing the cost of labor, materials, parts, equipment, transportation and other operational components. This has adversely affected our results of operations, cash flows and financial position by increasing our overall cost structure, and could continue to do so, particularly if we are unable to achieve commensurate increases in the prices we charge our customers for our products.

Although interest rates have moderated from recent highs, they remain elevated, which has increased the cost of debt, investment, and construction costs. Higher interest rates make it more expensive for our customers to finance projects in certain of our business segments, and as a result, may continue to reduce the demand for our products and impact our profitability. Furthermore, higher interest rates decrease cash available for debt repayment as our credit facility bears a variable interest rate.

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We cannot guarantee that interest rates will be reduced, and continued elevated interest rates will have an adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.

Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected by disruptions in the global and European economies caused by the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine and instability in the Middle East.

In February of 2022, Russian military forces invaded Ukraine, resulting in conflict and disruption in the region. More recently, the outbreak of hostilities between Israel and Hamas has created additional instability in the Middle East. The length, impact and outcome of these ongoing military conflicts is highly unpredictable. These conflicts have also led and may continue to lead to significant market and other disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices and supply of energy resources, instability in financial markets, higher inflation, supply chain interruptions, increased costs for transportation and raw materials, political and social instability, as well as an increase in cyberattacks and espionage. Furthermore, governments in the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Canada and others have imposed financial and economic sanctions on certain industry segments and various parties in Russia, and may impose additional restrictions in connection with Middle East conflicts. We continue to monitor these conflicts, including the potential impact of financial and economic sanctions on the global economy and particularly the economies of Europe and the Middle East. Increased trade barriers, sanctions and other restrictions on global or regional trade could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further escalation of geopolitical tensions related to these conflicts and/or their expansion could result in loss of property, expropriation, cyberattacks, supply disruptions, plant closures and an inability to obtain key supplies and materials, as well as adversely affect both our and our customers’ supply chains and logistics, particularly in Europe.

In many cases, both our German operations and those of European customers and suppliers depend on the availability of natural gas for use in their manufacturing operations. A significant proportion of Germany’s natural gas supply has historically originated from Russia. Material disruptions of natural gas supply to Europe, and in particular Germany, whether from sanctions, counter-measures by Russia, other restrictions, damage to infrastructure and logistics or otherwise from the destabilizing effects of military conflict could materially and adversely impact European and global natural gas and oil markets. We expect that shortages in supply and increases in costs of natural gas or other energy will adversely impact our ability to operate our German manufacturing facilities as efficiently and cost-effectively as previously, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, conflicts in the Middle East have disrupted both maritime and air transportation. Shipping through the Red Sea and Suez Canal has been curtailed, forcing vessels to reroute around Africa, which increases transit times and costs for our customers in the Middle East and Asia. Recent hostilities involving Iran also disrupted air cargo, with carriers suspending flights or refusing to transport dangerous goods such as our perforating explosives. These disruptions have delayed shipments, increased expenses, and limited our ability to serve customers. Continued instability could materially and adversely affect our operations and financial results.

Our operating results fluctuate from quarter to quarter.

At NobelClad, quarterly sales and operating results depend on the volume and timing of the orders in our backlog as well as bookings during the quarter. At DynaEnergetics, the level of demand from our customers is impacted by oil and gas prices as well as a variety of other factors and can vary significantly from quarter to quarter. At Arcadia Products, operating results can fluctuate due to price movements in the market for raw aluminum. If sales do not meet our expectations in any given period, the adverse impact on operating results may be magnified by our inability to adjust operating expenses sufficiently or quickly enough to compensate for such a shortfall. Results of operations in any period should not be considered indicative of the results for any future period.

We are exposed to potentially volatile fluctuations of the U.S. dollar (our reporting currency) against the currencies of many of our operating subsidiaries.

Sales made in currencies other than U.S. dollars accounted for 10%, 11%, and 9% of total sales for the years ended 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Any increase or decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar against any foreign currency that is the functional currency of any of our operating subsidiaries will cause us to experience foreign currency translation gains or losses with respect to amounts already invested in such foreign currencies. In addition, our company and our operating subsidiaries are exposed to foreign currency risk to the extent that we or they enter into transactions denominated in currencies other than our or their respective functional currencies. For example, DynaEnergetics Europe’s functional currency is euros, but its sales often occur in

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U.S. dollars. Changes in exchange rates with respect to these items will result in unrealized (based upon period-end exchange rates) or realized foreign currency transaction gains and losses upon settlement of the transactions. In addition, we are exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations related to our operating subsidiaries’ assets and liabilities and to the financial results of foreign subsidiaries and affiliates when their respective financial statements are translated into U.S. dollars for inclusion in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Our primary exposure to foreign currency risk is the euro, due to the percentage of our U.S. dollar revenue that is derived from countries where the euro is the functional currency. We use foreign currency forward contracts, generally with maturities of one month, to offset foreign exchange rate fluctuations on certain foreign currency denominated asset and liability account balances. These hedge transactions relate to our operating entities with significant economic exposure to transactions denominated in currencies other than their functional currency. Our primary economic exposures include the U.S. dollar to the euro, the U.S. dollar to the Canadian dollar, and the euro to the U.S. dollar. Since the underlying balance sheet account balances being hedged can fluctuate significantly throughout our monthly hedge periods, our hedging program cannot fully protect against foreign currency fluctuations.

Disruptions or delays involving our suppliers or increases in prices for the components, raw materials and parts that we obtain from our suppliers could have a material adverse effect on our business and consolidated results of operations.

Our operations are dependent upon the continued ability of our suppliers to deliver the components, raw materials and parts that we need to manufacture our products. Any disruption of our production schedule caused by an unexpected shortage of components, raw materials or parts even for a relatively short period of time could cause us to alter production schedules or suspend production entirely, which would adversely affect our business and results of operations.

The terms of our indebtedness contain a number of restrictive covenants, the breach of any of which could result in acceleration of payment of our credit facilities.

As of December 31, 2025, we had an outstanding balance of $52.0 million on our syndicated credit agreement, which was amended on February 6, 2024, and June 10, 2025. This agreement, as amended, includes various covenants and restrictions and certain of these relate to the incurrence of additional indebtedness and the mortgaging, pledging or disposing of major assets. We are also required to maintain certain financial ratios on a quarterly basis. A breach of any of these covenants could impair our ability to borrow and could result in acceleration of our obligations to repay our debt if we are unable to obtain a waiver or amendment from our lenders. As of December 31, 2025, we were in compliance with all financial covenants and other provisions of the credit agreement, as amended, and our other loan agreements. Any failure to remain in compliance with any material provision or covenant of our credit agreement could result in a default, which would, absent a waiver or amendment, require immediate repayment of outstanding indebtedness under our credit facilities. We may not have or be able to obtain sufficient funds to satisfy such a repayment obligation.

If our customers delay paying or fail to pay a significant amount of our outstanding receivables, it could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, consolidated results of operations, and consolidated financial condition.

In weak economic environments, we may experience increased delays and failures due to, among other reasons, a reduction in our customers’ cash flow from operations, their access to the credit markets and rising interest rates. If our customers delay paying or fail to pay us a significant amount of our outstanding receivables, it could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, consolidated results of operations, and consolidated financial condition.

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New or existing tariffs and other trade measures could adversely affect our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

New or existing tariffs and other trade measures could adversely affect our results of operations, financial position and cash flows, either directly or indirectly through various adverse impacts on our significant customers. In 2025, the U.S. announced and implemented substantial new tariffs on imports from a wide range of countries, including China, where we typically source metal. These actions prompted retaliatory tariffs by several countries and set off a cycle of retaliatory tariffs by both the U.S. and other countries. Also in 2025, the U.S. increased tariffs on steel and aluminum to 50 percent. These higher tariffs, along with broader measures targeting countries such as China, have significantly impacted the cost of importing steel and aluminum. We utilize steel in our steel plate and steel pipe as key materials in our NobelClad and DynaEnergetics businesses, and aluminum as a key material in our Arcadia Products business. The cost of domestic steel and aluminum also increased, along with the price of delivery. For our NobelClad business, this has impacted our ability to compete on international projects and negatively impacted U.S. fabricators, which are the primary consumers of NobelClad products. For our DynaEnergetics and Arcadia Products businesses, this has resulted in margin compression in core energy and construction markets. These new tariffs have had, and continue to have, an impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, new or existing tariffs and other trade measures and retaliations may further directly impair our business by increasing costs or disrupting established supply chains. New tariffs or increases in existing tariffs on goods imported from countries where we or our suppliers operate could result in increased costs for raw materials, components, or finished goods. These increases may reduce our margins, require us to raise prices, or make our products less competitive in the marketplace. Retaliatory tariffs imposed by other countries on U.S. exports could adversely impact demand for our products in international markets. If we are unable to mitigate these risks through supply chain adjustments, pricing strategies, or other measures, our financial performance and growth prospects could be negatively affected. The tariff policy environment remains dynamic and unpredictable. Prolonged tariffs, retaliatory tariffs, additional trade restrictions, or broader global trade conflicts could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Recently, there have been significant changes in our management team, including the appointment of James O’Leary as DMC’s President and Chief Executive Officer, effective July 1, 2025. Mr. O’Leary had served as DMC’s Interim President and Chief Executive Officer since the retirement of Michael Kuta, President and Chief Executive Officer of DMC, on November 29, 2024. Additionally, effective February 3, 2025, James Schladen rejoined Arcadia Products as President, following the departure of Christopher Scocos, Interim President, and the 2024 departure of James Chilcoff, President. Our current and future success depends on the skills, experience, and retention of our executive officers, senior management, key employees and directors. These individuals possess specialized knowledge critical to our business and strategy. The loss or unavailability of any key personnel could have an adverse effect on the Company’s leadership, and the ability to execute our strategy, financial condition and results of operations, particularly if we are unable to implement effective succession plans.

In order to meet the needs and expectations of our customers and to achieve our growth objectives, we must attract, train, and retain a large number of hourly associates, while at the same time controlling labor costs. These positions have historically had high turnover rates, which can lead to increased training, retention and other costs. In certain areas where we operate, there is significant competition for employees, and we must ensure that we continue to offer competitive wages, benefits and workplace conditions to retain qualified employees, which increases our labor costs. A shortage of qualified candidates who meet all legal work authorization requirements, failure to hire and retain new employees in a timely manner or higher than expected turnover levels could affect our ability to meet customer demand, grow our businesses and meet our labor cost objectives and could have impacts on employee satisfaction generally. In addition, restrictive immigration policies or legal or regulatory developments relating to immigration may negatively affect our efforts to attract and hire new personnel as well as retain existing personnel. See “Changes in immigration laws or enforcement programs could adversely affect our business” below for additional information. Furthermore, failure to adequately monitor and proactively respond to employee dissatisfaction could lead to higher turnover, litigation and unionization efforts, which could negatively impact our ability to meet our operating results.

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Changes in immigration laws or enforcement programs could adversely affect our business.

Certain states in which we operate are considering or have already adopted new immigration laws and/or enforcement programs, and the federal government from time to time considers and implements changes to federal immigration laws, regulations, and/or enforcement programs. Recently, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”) has significantly increased its enforcement of immigration laws. We use the U.S. government’s “E-Verify” program to verify employment eligibility for all new employees in the U.S. However, use of E-Verify does not guarantee that we will successfully identify all applicants who are ineligible for employment. Unauthorized workers are subject to deportation and may subject us to fines or penalties, and if any of our workers are found to be unauthorized, we could experience adverse publicity that negatively impacts our brands and may make it more difficult to hire and retain qualified employees. We could also become subject to fines, penalties, and other costs related to claims that we did not fully comply with all record keeping obligations of federal and state immigration compliance laws. Additionally, increased enforcement of immigration laws may disrupt operations and reduce the overall labor pool and as a byproduct, increase labor costs and the demand for qualified employees. These factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

In addition, our customers may also be subject to ICE enforcement actions, and any resulting operational disruptions could adversely affect their businesses. Such disruptions may reduce demand for our products, delay customer projects or purchasing decisions, or otherwise negatively impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We are dependent upon information technology systems in the conduct of our operations. Our information technology systems are subject to disruption, damage or failure from a variety of sources, including, without limitation, computer viruses, security breaches, cyber-attacks, natural disasters and defects in design. Cybersecurity incidents in particular are evolving and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data and banking information and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information and the corruption of data. The risk of cybersecurity incidents may increase with political and economic instability or warfare (including the ongoing hostilities between Russia and Ukraine and ongoing conflicts in the Middle East) and the use of artificial intelligence (“AI”) to make intrusion attempts look more legitimate. Various measures have been implemented to manage our risks related to information technology systems and network disruptions. However, given the unpredictability of the timing, nature and scope of information technology disruptions, we could potentially be subject to production downtimes, operational delays, the compromising of confidential or otherwise protected information, destruction or corruption of data, security breaches, theft, other manipulation or improper use of our systems and networks or financial losses from remedial actions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, competitive position, financial condition or results of operations.

As a result, our ability to conduct our business may be adversely affected.

In addition, the number of data security incidents has increased regulatory and industry focus on security requirements and heightened data security industry practices.

Artificial intelligence presents risks and challenges that could adversely affect our business.

AI presents risks and challenges that could impact our business, including perceived breaches of privacy or security incidents related to the use of AI. We are integrating AI tools into our operations, and our third-party service providers and

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competitors are adopting such technologies. While AI may become increasingly important to our operations or future growth over time, there can be no assurance that we will realize the anticipated benefits, or any benefits at all, from these initiatives.

Improper implementation, reliance on flawed models, or failure to adapt to evolving standards could adversely affect our operations. In addition, the providers of AI tools used by us or our third-party service providers may not meet existing or rapidly evolving regulatory or industry standards with respect to privacy and data protection, compliance, and transparency, among others, which could inhibit our ability or that of our third-party service providers to maintain an adequate level of functionality or service. Our third-party service providers may also incorporate AI into their services without disclosing such use to us, or fail to disclose risks presented by their use of AI. There is a risk that AI tools used by us or by our third-party service providers could produce inaccurate or unexpected results or behaviors that could harm our business, customers, or reputation.

Advances in automation and AI may also alter the skills required of our workforce and could reduce demand for certain roles, creating challenges in workforce management, employee relations, and reputational risk. We may be required to make significant investments in retraining and workforce transition programs, and failure to effectively manage these changes could impair our ability to attract and retain talent, disrupt operations, and adversely affect our business.

Our competitors or other third parties may incorporate AI in their business operations more quickly or more successfully than we do, placing us at a competitive disadvantage. Additionally, the complex and rapidly evolving legal and regulatory landscape around AI may expose us to claims, inquiries, demands and proceedings by private parties and global regulatory authorities and subject us to legal liability as well as reputational harm. New laws and regulations are being adopted in the United States and in non-U.S. jurisdictions, and existing laws and regulations may be interpreted in ways that would affect our business operations and the way in which we use AI. Any of these outcomes could impair our ability to compete effectively, damage our reputation, result in the loss of property or information belonging to us or our customers, and materially adversely affect our financial position, operating results or cash flows.

We depend on our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements in order to run our business. If we fail to do so, our business could be negatively affected and our independent registered public accounting firm may be unable to attest to the fair presentation of our Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and to effectively prevent fraud. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports and effectively prevent fraud, our reputation and operating results could be harmed. Even effective internal controls have inherent limitations including the possibility of human error, the circumvention or overriding of controls, or fraud. Therefore, even effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting in future periods are subject to the risk that the control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or a deterioration in the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures.

In the event that our current internal control practices deteriorate, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud, and investor confidence and the market price of our stock may be adversely affected.

Legal and Regulatory Risks

Our operations require us to comply with numerous laws and regulations, violations of which could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Our operations are subject to international, regional, national, and local laws and regulations in every place where we operate, relating to matters such as environmental protection, health and safety, labor and employment, import/export controls, currency exchange, bribery and corruption, data privacy and cybersecurity, intellectual property, immigration, and taxation. These laws and regulations are complex, frequently change, and have tended to become more stringent over time.

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Our international operations are subject to anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws and regulations, such as the FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act and other similar laws, which prohibit engaging in certain activities to obtain or retain business or to influence a person working in an official capacity. We do business and may in the future do additional business in countries and regions in which we may face, directly or indirectly, corrupt demands by officials, tribal or insurgent organizations, or by private entities in which corrupt offers are expected or demanded. Furthermore, many of our operations require us to use third parties to conduct business or to interact with people who are deemed to be governmental officials under the anti-corruption laws. Thus, we face the risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments or other things of value by our employees, contractors or agents. It is our policy to implement compliance procedures to prohibit these practices. However, despite those safeguards and any future improvements to them, our employees, contractors, and agents may engage in conduct for which we might be held responsible, regardless of whether such conduct occurs within or outside the U.S.

We are also subject to trade control regulations and trade sanctions laws that restrict the movement of certain goods to, and certain operations in, various countries or with certain persons. These trade regulations and laws can include restrictions on selling or importing goods, services or technology in or from affected regions, travel bans and asset freezes impacting connected individuals and political, military, business and financial organizations and can change very quickly. Our ability to transfer people, products and data among certain countries is subject to maintaining required licenses and complying with these laws and regulations. Furthermore, the laws and regulations concerning import activity, export recordkeeping and reporting, export control and economic sanctions are complex and constantly changing. It is our policy to implement procedures concerning compliance with applicable trade sanctions, export controls, and other trade-related laws and regulations. However, despite those safeguards and any future improvements to them, our employees, contractors, and agents may engage in conduct for which we might be held responsible, regardless of whether such conduct occurs within or outside the U.S.

The internal controls, policies and procedures, and employee training and compliance programs we have implemented to deter prohibited practices may not be effective in preventing employees, contractors or agents from violating or circumventing such internal policies or from material violations of applicable laws and regulations. Any determination that we have violated or are responsible for violations of anti-bribery, trade control, trade sanctions or anti-corruption laws could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. Violations of international and U.S. laws and regulations or the loss of any required licenses, even if in violation of our internal controls, policies, and procedures, may result in fines and penalties, criminal sanctions, administrative remedies or restrictions on business conduct, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and financial condition.

DynaEnergetics uses explosive materials in its manufacturing processes and products. These activities subject us to extensive environmental and health and safety laws and regulations including guidelines and regulations for the purchase, manufacture, handling, transport, storage and use of explosives issued by the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms; the Federal Motor Carrier Safety regulations set forth by the U.S. Department of Transportation; the Safety Library Publications of the Institute of Makers of Explosive; and similar guidelines of their European counterparts.

It is possible that such an explosion could result in death or significant injuries to employees and other persons. Material property damage to us, our customers and third parties arising from an explosion or resulting fire could also occur. Any explosion could expose us to adverse publicity and liability for damages or cause production restrictions, delays or cancellations, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition and cash flows. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable requirements or the occurrence of an explosive incident may also result in the loss of our license to store and handle explosives, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial conditions.

Demand for our products could be reduced by existing and future legislation, regulations and public sentiment.

U., and other regions or countries have been focusing considerable attention on the emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases and their role in climate change. There is also increased focus, including by governments and our customers, investors and other

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stakeholders, on these and other sustainability and energy transition matters. Existing or future legislation and regulations related to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, as well as initiatives by governments, non-governmental organizations, and companies to conserve energy or promote the use of alternative energy sources, and negative attitudes toward or perceptions of fossil fuel products and their relationship to the environment, may significantly curtail demand for and production of oil and gas in areas of the world where our customers operate, and thus reduce future demand for some of our products.

Such reductions in demand for our products may, in turn, adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We are subject to extensive environmental, health and safety regulation in the United States and the other countries where our manufacturing facilities are located. Among other things, these laws regulate the emissions or discharge of materials into the environment; govern the use, storage, treatment, disposal and management of hazardous substances and wastes; protect the health and safety of our employees; regulate the materials used in our products or manufacturing processes; and impose liability for the costs of investigating and remediating (as well as other damages resulting from) present and past releases of hazardous substances. Representative laws and regulations which we may be subject to the in the U.S. include: noise abatement and air emissions regulations, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”) and comparable state laws, and various regulations and laws enforced by the U.S Department of Labor, the U.S. Department of Commerce, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and their state equivalents. Violations of these laws or of any conditions contained in environmental permits can result in substantial fines or penalties, injunctive relief, requirements to install pollution controls or other equipment, and civil sanctions. We could be held liable for costs to investigate, remediate or otherwise address contamination at any real property we have ever owned, operated or used as a disposal site, or at other sites where we or predecessors may have released hazardous materials.

Changes in or new interpretations of existing laws, regulations or enforcement policies, the discovery of previously unknown contamination, or the imposition of other environmental liabilities or obligations in the future including additional investigation, remediation or other obligations with respect to our products or business activities may lead to additional compliance costs or require us to change our manufacturing processes, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

The Federal Act on Emission Control permits are held by companies jointly owned by DynaEnergetics and the other companies that are located at the Troisdorf manufacturing site and are for an indefinite period of time. Any failure to comply with current and future environmental and safety regulations could subject us to significant liabilities. Any actual or alleged violations of environmental, health or safety laws could result in restrictions or prohibitions on our facilities or substantial civil or criminal sanctions. We could also be held liable for any and all consequences arising out of human exposure to hazardous substances or other environmental damage.

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Failure to comply with applicable federal, state and local employment and labor laws and regulations could have a material, adverse impact on our business.

Various federal, state and local employment and labor laws and regulations govern our relationships with our employees, and similar laws and regulations apply to our operations outside of the U.S. These laws and regulations relate to matters such as employment discrimination, wage and hour laws, requirements to provide and document meal and rest periods or other benefits, family leave mandates, employee classification, requirements regarding working conditions and accommodations to certain employees, citizenship or work authorization and related requirements, insurance and workers’ compensation rules, healthcare laws and anti-discrimination and anti-harassment laws. We incur substantial costs to comply with these laws and regulations and non-compliance or alleged non-compliance could expose us to significant liabilities. In particular, we are subject to numerous strict labor and employment laws in California, where failure to comply can result in significant penalties, class actions, and Private Attorneys General Act claims. We have faced, and may continue to face, lawsuits alleging wage-and-hour violations and other employment-related claims. We may in the future be required to defend similar actions, and we could incur losses from these and similar cases, and the amount of such losses or costs could be material.

Several jurisdictions also have implemented sick pay and paid time off legislation, which requires employers to provide paid time off to employees, and “just cause” termination legislation, which restricts companies’ ability to terminate employees or reduce employees’ hours unless they can prove “just cause” or a “bona fide economic reason” for the termination or reduction in hours. All of these regulations impose additional obligations on us and our failure to comply with any of these regulations could subject us to penalties and other legal liabilities, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

The regulatory environment governing information, data security and privacy is increasingly demanding and evolving and a data security breach could result in litigation, enforcement actions and related penalties and fines.

The regulatory environment surrounding information security and privacy is increasingly complex and demanding. We are subject to numerous U.S. federal and state laws and non-U.S. laws and regulations governing the protection of personal and confidential information of our customers and employees. The regulatory framework for privacy and security issues worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future.

Several U.S. states have passed comprehensive privacy laws that have recently become effective. Of note among them is the California Consumer Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”), which amends and expands the California Consumer Privacy (“CCPA”). The CPRA, which went into effect on January 1, 2023, along with the CCPA, governs the transmission, security and privacy of California residents’ personal information. The CPRA has a twelve-month look-back period for enforcement purposes. Among many new requirements, the CPRA creates a category for sensitive data including health and other personal information that requires additional safeguards and disclosures. In addition, the CPRA expands consumers’ rights and has enhanced enforcement mechanisms such as the creation of a California Privacy Protection Agency that will investigate and enforce the CPRA and its promulgating regulations. Several states have also enacted omnibus data privacy laws. In addition, many other proposals exist in states across the U.S. that could increase our potential liability and increase our compliance costs.

Internationally, the European Data Protection Board has released guidelines on enforcement and fines related to the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). The guidelines suggest a tougher stance on enforcement and stiffer fines for companies that violate the GDPR. This is in addition to the continued complexities involving the transfer of personal data from Europe to the U.S. In July 2023, the European Commission announced a new Trans-Atlantic Data Privacy Framework, which requires additional compliance efforts from our company.

As U.S. and international data privacy and protection laws continue to evolve, and as new regulations, interpretive guidance and enforcement information become available, we may incur incremental costs to modify our business practices to comply with these requirements. In addition, our internal control policies and procedures may not always protect us from reckless, intentional or criminal acts committed by our employees or agents.

Violations of these laws, or allegations of such violations, could subject us to criminal or civil, monetary or non-monetary penalties, disrupt our operations, involve significant management distraction, subject us to class action lawsuits and result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Legal, regulatory or market measures to address climate change, including proposals to restrict emissions of greenhouse gas and other sustainability initiatives, could have an adverse impact on the Company’s business and results of operations.

Various legislative, regulatory, and inter-governmental proposals to restrict emissions of greenhouse gas, such as carbon dioxide, are under consideration, or have already passed into law, by governmental legislative bodies and regulators in the jurisdictions where we operate. Such regulatory and global initiatives may require us to modify our operating procedures, incur capital expenditures, change fuel sources, or take other actions that may adversely affect our financial results. Increasing regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as proposed throughout many of our operating regions, would be expected to increase energy costs, reduce energy availability and increase price volatility for energy.

The heightened stakeholder focus on sustainability issues related to our businesses requires frequent monitoring of various and evolving laws, regulations, standards and expectations and the associated reporting requirements. Specifically, certain stakeholders are beginning to require that we provide information on our plans relating to certain climate-related matters such as greenhouse gas emissions. A failure to adequately or timely meet varied and sometimes contradictory stakeholder expectations and reporting requirements may result in noncompliance with any imposed regulations, the loss of business, reputational impacts, diluted market valuation, an inability to attract and retain customers, and an inability to attract and retain top talent. In addition, our adoption and the reporting of certain standards or mandated compliance with certain requirements could necessitate additional investments that could impact our profitability.

Further, we have established and publicly disclosed other sustainability targets and goals and other commitments that are subject to a variety of assumptions, risks and uncertainties. If we are unable to meet these targets, goals or commitments on our projected timelines or at all, or if they are not perceived to be sufficiently robust, our reputation as well as our relationships with investors, customers and other stakeholders could be harmed, which could in turn adversely impact our business and results of operations.

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. In the course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is subjective or uncertain. We earn a significant amount of our operating income outside the U.S and have significant intercompany transactions between our affiliates.

Our future effective tax rates could be adversely affected by changes in tax laws or their interpretation, both domestically and internationally. For example, on July 4, 2025, the U.S. enacted the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”), which contains a broad range of changes to federal tax law. The OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project (or “BEPS Project”) is developing an international framework to combat tax avoidance by multinational enterprises and countries where the Company is subject to taxes are independently evaluating their corporate tax policy. Tax legislation and enforcement could adversely impact the Company’s tax provision and the value of deferred tax assets and liabilities.

We are under audit by tax authorities in different jurisdictions from time to time. Although we believe that our provision for income taxes and our tax estimates are reasonable, tax authorities may disagree with certain positions we have taken. In addition, economic and political pressures to increase tax revenue in various jurisdictions may make resolving tax disputes favorably more difficult.

Intellectual Property Risks

Our failure to protect our proprietary information and any successful intellectual property challenges against us could materially and adversely affect our competitive position.

We rely on trade secret protection for certain aspects of our technology, in part through confidentiality and other written agreements with our

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employees, consultants and third parties. Through these and other written agreements, we attempt to control access to and distribution of our intellectual property documentation and other proprietary technology information. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, former employees, consultants or third parties may, in an unauthorized manner, attempt to use, copy or otherwise obtain and market or distribute our intellectual property rights or technology or otherwise develop a product with the same functionality as our technology. Policing unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights is difficult, and nearly impossible on a worldwide basis. Therefore, we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken or will take in the future will prevent misappropriation of our technology or intellectual property rights.

The use of our intellectual property and other proprietary information by others could reduce or eliminate any competitive advantage we have developed, potentially causing us to lose sales or otherwise harm our business.

These actions can require multiple years to come to resolution or settlement, and even if we ultimately prevail, we may be unable to realize adequate protection of our competitive position. In the event that one or more of our patents are challenged, a court or the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) may invalidate the patent(s) or determine that the patent(s) is not enforceable, which could harm our competitive position. If our patents are invalidated, or if the scope of the claims in any of these patents is limited by a court or USPTO decision, we could be prevented from pursuing certain litigation matters or licensing the invalidated or limited portion of such patents. Such adverse decisions could negatively impact our future revenue. Patent litigation, if necessary or when instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources.

We may incur substantial costs defending against third parties alleging that we infringe their proprietary rights.

We have an active “freedom to operate” review process for our technology, but there is no assurance that future infringement claims will not be asserted. Infringement claims generally result in significant legal and other costs and may distract management from running our core businesses even if we are ultimately successful. In the event of any adverse ruling in any intellectual property litigation, we could be required to pay substantial damages, cease the manufacturing, use and sale of infringing products, discontinue the use of certain processes or obtain a license from the third-party claiming infringement with royalty payment obligations by us. Any of these occurrences could significantly harm our competitive position, results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Risks Related to Acquisitions

We have incurred debt to finance the acquisition of 60% of Arcadia Products and may incur additional substantial financial obligations in connection with the acquisition of the remaining 40% of Arcadia Products.

We financed a portion of the purchase price of the Arcadia Products acquisition with proceeds from our credit facility, which we amended in 2024 and 2025, to enhance our financial flexibility with respect to the possible exercise of the Put Option or the Call Option related to the acquisition of the remaining 40% ownership of Arcadia Products. The 2024 credit facility amendment increased the total facility amount, and the 2025 amendment temporarily increased the maximum leverage ratio should either the Put Option or Call Option be exercised. Our ability to service the indebtedness under the credit facility and to maintain compliance with its covenants, which are based in part on trailing twelve-month results, are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties as discussed herein.

As early as September 6, 2026, we may be required to pay the Option Purchase Price for some or all of Munera’s interests in Arcadia Products if Munera exercises the Put Option. Even if we elect to pay 80% of the Option Purchase Price in preferred stock, we will need to fund the remaining portion in cash. The preferred stock issued in connection with the Option

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Purchase Price would be entitled to dividends, and the Company would be required to begin proportionate annual redemptions of the preferred stock beginning on June 23, 2027, and, in any event, redeem the preferred stock by the third anniversary of its issuance.

Although the credit facility amendments were intended to allow us to finance the Option Purchase Price, a potential exercise will depend on numerous factors, including the performance of our businesses, the status of any changes to our businesses and general market and economic conditions. If we access the credit facility to pay all or a portion of the Option Purchase Price, we will have to devote a substantial portion of our cash flow to meet required payments of principal and interest on this indebtedness, and if we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow to do so, or if we otherwise fail to comply with the terms of the credit facility, we could be in default under the credit facility. If we fail to pay the Option Purchase Price when required under the Operating Agreement, we will be in default under that agreement. If we are unable to pay the Option Purchase Price entirely in cash or otherwise choose to pay a portion of the Option Purchase Price in preferred stock, we will have to devote a substantial portion of our cash flow to meet the requirements for dividends and redemption of the preferred stock. The Option Purchase Price is subject to a defined “floor” value in the Operating Agreement, which is based primarily upon a contractually-stated equity value and will likely be substantial relative to the current size of our business. The floor value applies even if Arcadia Products' performance fails to meet our expectations, and we may find it difficult to obtain additional financing, if needed, for the payment of the Option Purchase Price. In addition, debt or preferred equity financing, if obtained, may involve agreements that include liens or restrictions on our assets and covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as paying dividends or making distributions, incurring additional debt, acquiring or disposing of assets or increasing expenses. Debt financing would also be required to be repaid regardless of our operating results. Obtaining financing through issuances of equity securities would impose fewer restrictions on our future operations but would be dilutive to the interests of existing stockholders.

DMC is the majority shareholder of Arcadia Products, and our interest in Arcadia Products is subject to the risks normally associated with the conduct of businesses with a minority shareholder.

Munera continues to hold 40% of the outstanding equity interests of Arcadia Products. The Operating Agreement governs our relationship with Munera, and we believe the Operating Agreement provides us with effective and sufficient control of Arcadia Products to allow the business to be operated consistent with our goals and values and with sufficient opportunity for profitable growth. Nevertheless, conducting a business with minority owners may lead to certain risks and uncertainties, which could have an adverse impact on our ability to profitably grow the Arcadia Products business, which could have a material adverse effect on our future cash flows, earnings, results of operations and financial condition. These include:

•our ability to effectively control certain strategic, operational and financial decisions;

•the potential for disagreement over the direction of the company and costs and expenses involved; and

•the risk of having economic or business interests or goals that are inconsistent with, or opposed to, those of Munera.

There can be no assurance that the acquisition will be beneficial to us, whether due to the above-described risks, unfavorable economic conditions, integration challenges or other factors.

The success of any acquisition depends on a number of factors, including, but not limited to:

•identifying suitable candidates for acquisition and negotiating acceptable terms;

•obtaining approval from regulatory authorities and potentially DMC’s shareholders;

•maintaining our financial and strategic focus and avoiding distraction of management during the process of integrating the acquired business;

•securing adequate financing on acceptable terms;

•implementing our standards, controls, procedures and policies at the acquired business and addressing any pre-existing liabilities or claims involving the acquired business;

•retaining key employees, customers and business partners of the acquired business;

•our ability to realize the expected tax treatment or tax benefits from the transaction; and

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•to the extent the acquired operations are in a country in which we have not operated historically, understanding the regulations and challenges of operating in that new jurisdiction.

For example, our due diligence process may not reveal all liabilities associated with a potential acquisition, and this could result in us incurring unanticipated losses after the acquisition is completed. There can be no assurance that we will be able to conclude any acquisitions successfully or that any acquisition will achieve the anticipated synergies or other positive results. Any material problems that we encounter in connection with such an acquisition could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial position.

Risk Factors Related to Our Common Stock

The price and trading volume of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile, which may make it difficult for investors to resell the common stock at attractive timing or pricing.

Among the factors that could affect the price of our common stock are:

•changes in the architectural building products, oil and gas, industrial, or infrastructure markets;

•operating and financial performance that vary from the expectations of management, securities analysts or investors;

•developments in our business or in our business sectors generally;

•significant litigation;

•additions or departures of key personnel;

•regulatory changes affecting our industries generally or our business and operations;

•the operating and stock price performance of companies that investors consider to be comparable to us;

•announcements of strategic developments, acquisitions and other material events by us or our competitors;

•our ability to integrate and operate the companies and the businesses that we acquire;

•rumors and market speculation regarding our industries, business or trading activity;

•significant amounts of short selling, the perception that short sales could occur and other speculative trading activity;

•activism by any large stockholder or group of stockholders;

•new positions adopted by investor stewardship groups and proxy advisory firms regarding desired sustainability disclosures, policies, ranking systems and other initiatives; and

•changes in global financial markets and global economies and general market conditions, including volatility in foreign exchange rates, tariffs and stock, commodity, credit or asset valuations, and government actions or shutdowns.

Recently, the trading price of our common stock has experienced volatility. During 2025, the closing price for our common stock ranged from a low of $5.53 per share in November 2025 to a high of $9.06 per share in February 2025. The stock markets in general have experienced extreme volatility that has at times been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies, and these fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.

Our business could be negatively affected as a result of actions of activist stockholders or others.

We have been, and may be in the future, subject to informal private or public inquiries and formal proxy actions or proposals from stockholders or others that may not align with our business strategies or the interests of our other stockholders. Responding to such actions can be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our business and operations, and divert the attention of our Board, management, and employees from the pursuit of our business strategies. Such activities could interfere with our ability to execute our strategic plan. Activist stockholders or others may create perceived uncertainties as to the future direction of our business or strategy which may be exploited by our competitors and may make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel and potential customers, and may affect our relationships with current customers, vendors, investors, and other third parties. In addition, a proxy contest for the election of directors at our annual meeting would require us to incur significant legal fees and proxy solicitation expenses and require significant time and attention by management and our Board. Our stock price could also be subject to significant fluctuations or otherwise be adversely affected by the events, risks and

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uncertainties of any stockholder activism. The actions of stockholder activists could materially and adversely impact our business, operating results, and financial condition.

Our stockholder protection rights agreement includes terms and conditions that could discourage a takeover or other transaction that stockholders may consider favorable.

On June 5, 2024, the Company entered into a Stockholder Protection Rights Agreement (as amended, the “Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which the Board declared a dividend of one right (“Right”) for each share of our common stock outstanding at the close of business on June 17, 2024. One Right will also be issued together with each share of common stock issued by the Company after that date, but before the Separation Time (as defined in the Rights Agreement). Each Right initially represents the right to purchase one one-thousandth of a share of Series B Participating Preferred Stock for $75.00, subject to adjustment and upon such terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Rights Agreement. Rights will generally become exercisable only if any person (or any persons acting as a group) acquires “Beneficial Ownership” (as defined in the Rights Agreement) of 10%, or 20% in the case of certain passive investors, or more of our outstanding common stock. If Rights become exercisable, all holders of Rights (other than the person, entity or group triggering the Rights Agreement, whose rights will become void and will not be exercisable) will have the right to purchase from the Company for $75.00, subject to certain potential adjustments, shares of our common stock having a market value of twice that amount. On May 30, 2025, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Stockholder Protection Rights Agreement (the “Amendment”) to extend the expiration time of the Rights for one year from June 4, 2025, to June 4, 2026, unless the Rights are redeemed, exchanged, or terminated in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Rights Agreement. Additional information regarding the Rights Agreement is contained in the Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 6, 2024, and June 3, 2025, respectively.

The Rights Agreement will cause substantial dilution to any person or group that acquires “Beneficial Ownership” (as defined in the Rights Agreement) of 10%, or 20% in the case of certain passive investors, or more of the Company’s outstanding common stock. As a result, the overall effect of the Rights Agreement and the issuance of the Rights may be to discourage any person, entity or group from gaining a control or control-like position in the Company or engaging in other tactics, potentially disadvantaging the interests of the Company’s stockholders, without negotiating with the Board and without paying an appropriate control premium to all stockholders. The Rights Agreement is similar to plans adopted by other public companies, and it is intended to protect stockholders’ interests, including by providing the Board sufficient time to make informed judgments and take actions that are in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. Nevertheless, the Rights Agreement may be considered to have certain anti-takeover effects, including potentially discouraging a third-party from attempting to obtain a substantial position in our common stock or seeking to obtain control of the Company and discouraging a takeover attempt that stockholders may consider favorable or that could result in a premium over the market price of our common stock. Even in the absence of a takeover attempt, the Rights Agreement may adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock if it is viewed as discouraging takeover attempts in the future.

Future sales of our common stock in the public market or the issuance of equity securities, including in connection with an exercise of the Put Option, could dilute our existing stockholders and adversely affect the trading price of our common stock and our ability to raise funds in future equity offerings.

Sales by us or our stockholders of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public markets, or the perception that these sales might occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline or could impair our ability to raise capital through a future sale of, or pay for acquisitions or strategic transactions using, our equity securities. If we cannot raise capital on acceptable terms, we may not be able to develop or enhance our products, execute our business plan, take advantage of future opportunities, or respond to competitive pressures, changes in our supplier relationships, or unanticipated customer requirements. Any of these events could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may issue common stock or other equity securities in the future for a number of reasons, including to finance our operations and business strategy, as part of capital raising activities, as consideration in acquisitions or strategic transactions, or for other purposes. In particular, if Munera exercises the Put Option, we may choose to pay 80% of the Option Purchase Price in preferred stock. Additional issuances of equity securities would dilute the ownership of existing stockholders and could reduce our earnings per share. The lower the trading price of our common stock is at the time Munera exercises the Put Option, the more shares of our stock we will have to issue to Munera if we pay a portion of the Option Purchase Price in stock, and our existing stockholders will experience greater dilution. Additionally, if we issue equity securities, new investors could gain rights, preferences and privileges senior to the holders of our common stock.

We cannot predict the effect, if any, that future sales or issuances of shares of our common stock or other equity securities, or the availability of shares of our common stock or any other equity securities for future sale or issuance, will have on the trading price of our common stock.

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ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Cybersecurity

The Board, in coordination with the Risk Committee, oversees the Company’s risk management program, which includes risks arising from cybersecurity threats. DMC’s Chief Information Officer (“CIO”), the management position responsible for assessing and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats, manages the Company’s cybersecurity program and is responsible for leading and coordinating cybersecurity activities across the organization. The CIO reports directly to our Chief Financial Officer. Our CIO has extensive experience in cybersecurity, business continuity, disaster recovery and cloud security.

Led by our CIO, we conduct regular assessments to identify potential cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities, including the evaluation of systems and data assets. We have established internal procedures to stay vigilant against evolving threats by monitoring network traffic and conducting security audits. We also regularly engage independent assessors and external consultants who specialize in cybersecurity to conduct thorough, unbiased evaluations of our systems, policies, and procedures. These assessments help us ensure that our cybersecurity practices are aligned with applicable regulations and standards. To further evaluate our cybersecurity defenses, we periodically commission penetration exercises conducted by specialized firms. These tests simulate real-world attacks and assist in assessing our internal readiness and response capabilities.

Cybersecurity risk updates are provided quarterly to our senior management team by the CIO as part of our enterprise risk management process. We have established a Cybersecurity Incident Response Plan that outlines the process for assessing and responding to cybersecurity incidents. The Board also receives quarterly updates on cybersecurity risks. These reports are typically presented by our CIO to the Risk Committee of the Board and include updates to recently completed cybersecurity initiatives, upcoming plans, an overview of current threats, as well as discussion of our overall cybersecurity maturity and readiness. The Board has also participated in simulated cybersecurity trainings and is kept apprised of changes in cybersecurity regulatory requirements, ensuring that our organization remains in compliance with relevant standards.

Cybersecurity risks and threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, have not materially impacted and are not reasonably expected to materially impact us or our operations. However, we recognize the ever-evolving cyber risk landscape and cannot provide any assurances that we will not be subject to a material cybersecurity incident in the future. Refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors “A failure in our information technology systems or those of third parties, including those caused by security breaches, cyber-attacks or data protection failures, could disrupt our business, result in significant legal costs and other losses and damage our reputation” for a discussion of cybersecurity-related risks.

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