Risk Factors Dashboard

Once a year, publicly traded companies issue a comprehensive report of their business, called a 10-K. A component mandated in the 10-K is the ‘Risk Factors’ section, where companies disclose any major potential risks that they may face. This dashboard highlights all major changes and additions in new 10K reports, allowing investors to quickly identify new potential risks and opportunities.

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Risk Factors - MU

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$MU Risk Factor changes from 00/10/03/25/2025 to 00/10/09/26/2026

Item 1A. Risk Factors. 6Table of ContentsPART IITEM 1. BUSINESSOverviewWe are a global leader in semiconductor memory and storage, powering AI and compute-intensive applications from cloud to edge. With a relentless focus on our customers, technology and product leadership, and manufacturing and operational excellence, our comprehensive portfolio of high-performance DRAM, NAND, and NOR solutions deliver the speed, efficiency, and scale today’s workloads demand, accelerating intelligence to enrich life for all.We manufacture our products at wholly-owned facilities and also utilize subcontractors for certain manufacturing processes. Our global network of manufacturing centers of excellence not only allows us to benefit from scale while streamlining processes and operations, but it also brings together some of the world’s brightest talent to work on the most advanced memory technology. Centers of excellence bring expertise together in one location, providing an efficient support structure for end-to-end manufacturing, with quicker cycle times, in partnership with teams, such as R&D, product development, human resources, procurement, and supply chain. For our locations in Singapore and Taiwan, this is also a combination of bringing fabrication and back-end manufacturing together. We continue to make significant investments to develop proprietary product and process technology, which generally increases bit density per wafer and reduces per-bit manufacturing costs of each generation of product.We face intense competition in the semiconductor memory and storage markets. To remain competitive, we must continuously develop and implement new products and technologies and decrease manufacturing costs in spite of inflationary pressures, changing technologies, rapid market changes, and regulatory uncertainty. Our success is largely dependent on obtaining returns on our R&D investments, efficient utilization of our manufacturing infrastructure, development and integration of advanced product and process technologies, market acceptance of our diversified portfolio of semiconductor-based memory and storage solutions, and efficient capital spending. We sell our products through our business units into various markets in numerous forms, including components, modules, SSDs, managed NAND, multi-chip packages, and wafers. Many of our system-level solutions combine NAND, a controller, firmware, and in some cases DRAM. DRAM products lose content when power is turned off (“volatile”) and are most commonly used in the data center, client PC, graphics, industrial, mobile, and automotive markets.In 2025, we began shipping the industry’s first 1γ (1-gamma) production node, which is our first DRAM node incorporating EUV lithography and offers further improvements in power efficiency, performance, and bit density compared to our prior DRAM node products. Our 1γ DRAM node is ramping well and on track to become the highest-volume node in our history. This makes it ideal for applications that require high data throughput and energy efficiency, such as AI applications and high-performance computing. DDR5 is the fifth generation of this technology and offers the critical improvements in bandwidth and power efficiency necessary to meet the growing needs of high-performance computing, AI, and data-intensive applications. LPDDR products generally operate at a lower voltage than standard DRAM products and are beneficial to any power-conscious application. The benefits of LPDDR memory are being realized by many market segments, including mobile, PC, automotive, and data center. GDDR memory is optimized for high-bandwidth workloads encountered by graphics processing units, offering faster data rates and efficient data processing capabilities.58 billion in 2025, and $17. NAND is used in SSDs for the data center, client PC, consumer, and automotive markets, and in removable storage markets. Managed NAND is used in smartphones and other mobile devices, and in the consumer, automotive, and embedded markets. Low-density NAND is ideal for applications like automotive, surveillance, machine-to-machine, automation, printer, and home networking.In 2024, we began volume production of Micron G9 NAND, representative of the industry's ninth-generation 3D NAND node. The majority of our NAND bit production in 2026 was on leading-edge Micron G8 and G9 NAND nodes. Our NAND flash includes triple-level cell (“TLC”) and quad-level cell (“QLC”), each with varying levels of storage density, performance, and endurance. This integration allows the memory to manage itself, handling tasks like wear leveling, bad block management, and error correction internally, freeing the host system from these tasks. Products such as embedded MultiMediaCards (“e.MMC”) and universal flash storage (“UFS”) offer solutions that are compact and reliable, making them widely used across the mobile, automotive, and industrial markets. MCPs are used in embedded internet of things (“IoT”) applications, automotive systems, mobile devices, and industrial devices where space and power efficiency are critical.Total reported NAND revenue was $31.NOR: NOR products are non-volatile, re-writable semiconductor memory devices that provide fast read speeds. NOR is most commonly used for reliable code storage (e.g., boot, application, operating system, and execute-in-place code in an embedded system) and for frequently changing small data storage and is ideal for automotive, industrial, and consumer applications. In addition to HBM, CMBU sales include DDR, LPDDR, and GDDR.Overall cloud growth continues to be driven by strong demand for generative AI capabilities by enterprises across multiple verticals, sovereign AI, and the shift of both infrastructure and workloads from on-premises to the cloud. Cloud servers supporting AI and data-centric workloads require significantly increasing quantities of DRAM, including HBM, and NAND as the task of turning data into insight becomes increasingly memory-centric.In 2026, HBM3E 12-high represented the majority of our HBM shipments. In 2026, we began volume production of our HBM4 36GB 12-high with increased bandwidth and superior power efficiency enabled by our 1β (1-beta) process node, and we delivered samples of HBM4 48GB 16-high to multiple key customers to power next-generation AI platforms. Our HBM4 uses advanced complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (“CMOS”) and advanced metallization process technologies on the base logic die and DRAM core dies, which are designed and manufactured in-house. This, along with our unique HBM design, packaging, and test capability, enables our industry-leading performance and low-power leadership. Development of HBM4E, our next-generation HBM product leveraging our 1γ DRAM technology node, is well underway, and we expect to ramp volume in calendar 2027.As modern servers pack more processing cores into central processing units (“CPUs”), the memory bandwidth per CPU core has been decreasing. Our DDR5 alleviates this bottleneck by providing higher bandwidth than previous generations, enabling improved performance and scaling. In 2026, we delivered qualification samples of our 256GB DDR5 registered dual in-line memory modules (“RDIMMs”), built on 1γ DRAM technology and advanced 3D die stacking. This module provides capacity, speed, and power efficiency, helping data center architects scale AI infrastructure more efficiently. We also began volume production of LPDDR5X in a small outline compression attached memory module form factor designed to enable higher memory capacity, substantially lower power consumption, and faster performance for a variety of AI and general-purpose computing workloads.Total reported CMBU revenue was $43. NeoCloud customers are AI-focused cloud service providers that are distinct from traditional hyperscale cloud providers.Data Center SSDs and NAND: The rapid proliferation of AI, cloud computing, and big data are fueling demand for high-performance and high-capacity storage in data centers. In 2026, we began volume production of our G9 NAND-based PCIe Gen6 high-performance data center SSDs, which accelerate AI training and inference workloads with faster data transfers and improve energy efficiency. In 2026, we also began shipping our 245TB 6600 ION SSD, built with G9 QLC NAND, with improved rack-scale storage density for data centers and designed to support AI, cloud, enterprise and hyperscale workloads, including next-generation AI data lakes and cloud-scale file and object storage.98 billion in 2024. CDBU sales primarily included sales of our DDR5 and DDR4 RDIMMs, data center SSDs, as well as component NAND sales of QLC. Sales to the data center SSD market in 2026 consisted primarily of our 5400, 6550 ION, 6600 ION, 7450, 7500, 7550, 7600, 9550, and 9650 series SSDs.Mobile and Client Business Unit (“MCBU”)MCBU is focused on memory and storage solutions for the mobile and client segments.The proliferation of AI-ready devices, from smartphones, tablets, AI PCs, and personal AI workstations, continues to increase demand for higher-capacity, higher-bandwidth, and lower-power memory and storage. On-device AI requires data and models to be processed locally, increasing DRAM and storage content needs and making power efficiency, thermal efficiency, battery life, and responsiveness key market requirements. Our LPDDR portfolio, enabled by our advanced technology process nodes, are a critical enabler of AI at the edge across mobile and client devices.Mobile: Consists of memory products sold into the smartphone and other mobile-device markets, specifically LPDDR. MCBU offers a portfolio of LPDDR solutions designed for next-generation smartphones to accelerate AI applications in the mobile market.Our focus is providing memory solutions to the flagship and high-end smartphone segments, leveraging our 1ß and 1γ technology process nodes. In 2026, we began volume shipments of our 1γ 16Gb LPDDR5X product to leading smartphone OEMs and sampled our 1γ 24Gb LPDDR5X product to multiple smartphone customers. We also began shipping qualification samples of our 1γ 16Gb LPDDR6 product, marking a milestone in next-generation memory technology.Client: Our memory and storage solutions sold into the client PC market support both commercial and consumer PC unit growth. These products primarily consist of DRAM modules, SSDs, packaged DRAM, and packaged NAND. Next-generation PCs include high-performance neural processing chipsets and AI capabilities, which increase memory and storage requirements. Personal AI workstations are also emerging as a new client category, often leveraging 128GB+ of DRAM to provide powerful on-device AI capabilities. Memory is a critical factor in enabling these systems to run larger models and process data locally, resulting in more responsive AI experiences. Our memory and storage products are critical to enabling AI, as data is the foundation for training, retrieval, inference, and enabling exceptional user experiences at the edge. Our client SSDs deliver the speed, power efficiency, security features, and capacity required for AI-enabled PCs and workstations. In 2026, we successfully completed qualification with lead customers on our G9 Gen5 QLC-based NAND client SSD, which is designed to expand capacity and improve responsiveness for mainstream PCs and ultra-thin laptops.Consumer and Components: Our consumer products were sold under the brand name Crucial until an exit of that portion of our business was announced in December 2025. The portfolio consisted of DRAM modules and SSDs that were sold through retail channels. Our ongoing components business supplies DRAM and NAND to channel partners who package and sell DRAM modules and SSDs to other third parties, in addition to electronics manufacturing services companies who deliver fully assembled consumer products.Total reported MCBU revenue was $36.86 billion in 2025, and $11. MCBU sales to the client and consumer SSD markets in 2026 were driven primarily by our 2500, 2600, and 2650 series SSDs. MCBU sales also included component NAND sales of TLC and QLC. The intelligent edge refers to the continually growing set of connected systems and devices where data is analyzed and aggregated closest to where it is captured. Intelligent devices, those using AI for inference at the edge, are now more self-contained and do not need to connect to the cloud to run their algorithms.Automotive: Improvements in autonomous driving, advanced driver-assistance systems, in-vehicle infotainment systems, advanced robotaxi platforms, and AI technologies continue to increase the requirements for high-performing memory and storage products, with higher reliability requirements for leading-edge products. Automotive memory and storage products enable connected, advanced infotainment systems with increasingly larger and higher definition displays and support improved voice and gesture control. Adoption of Level 2+ advanced driver-assistance systems capabilities continue to gain momentum and feature progressively increasing levels of autonomy, further expanding content per vehicle. Our products enable increasingly advanced vision- and sensor-based automated systems to support driver assistance solutions and vehicle safety. In 2026, our G9-based UFS 4.1 automotive NAND solution began volume shipments, enabling rapid data access, robust reliability, and enhanced safety and security for next-generation vehicles. We reached automotive production readiness of our automotive 1γ LPDDR5 DRAM product that supports the increasing performance requirements of AI-driven applications in vehicles, with shipments delivered to key customers.Industrial: Growing adoption of IoT devices, automation, machine-to-machine communication, and smart infrastructure across sectors, such as manufacturing, transportation, surveillance, and retail, is driving demand for industrial memory solutions. In robotics, continued advances in simulation, foundation models, and integrated hardware and software stacks are accelerating physical AI and the future growth of general purpose humanoid robotics. This creates a growing, content-rich opportunity for high-bandwidth, low-power memory and storage that power real-time perception, inference, and control. High-reliability and high-performance memory solutions are critical for these applications. The emerging category of AR glasses—lightweight, all-day wearable devices that overlay digital information onto the physical world—is driving new demand for low-power, small-form-factor memory and storage. On-device AI for real-time object recognition, translation, and contextual assistance, combined with integrated cameras for photo and video capture, requires memory and storage solutions that fit within the tight power and thermal constraints of a wearable form factor. As AR glasses adoption grows and use cases expand beyond simple heads-up displays, we expect memory and storage content per device to increase.Total reported AEBU revenue was $15. In 2026, AEBU sales to the automotive, industrial, and consumer embedded markets consisted primarily of LPDDR5 and LPDDR4, managed NAND, DDR4 and DDR3, and GDDR6 products.Marketing and CustomersWe seek to build collaborative relationships with our customers to understand their unique opportunities and challenges. Collaborating with our customers on their design needs in changing end markets and meeting their timelines for qualifying new products allows us to differentiate our memory and storage solutions, which provides greater value to our customers. We market our semiconductor memory and storage products primarily through our own direct sales force and maintain sales or representative offices to support our worldwide customer base. Our products are also offered through distributors, retailers, and independent sales representatives. Our distributors carry our products in inventory and typically sell a variety of other semiconductor products, including our competitors’ products. Our independent sales representatives obtain orders, subject to final acceptance by us, and we then make shipments against these orders directly to customers or through our distributors. We maintain inventory at locations in close proximity to certain key customers to facilitate rapid delivery of products.Contracts with certain of our customers are short-term in duration. We also have strategic customer agreements structured as take-or-pay agreements, with binding commitments for specific contractually enforceable volumes over the multi-year contract terms. Pricing for our contracts is either fixed or periodically negotiated, with the majority of the strategic customer agreements having pricing that is subject to minimum and maximum bands. For all of our contracts, payments are generally due shortly after delivery. Under the strategic agreements, our customers have provided financial security in the form of cash deposits and letters of credit.In each of the last three years, approximately one-half of our total revenue was from our top ten customers. For other information regarding our concentrations and customers, see Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 21. Certain Concentrations.Competitive ConditionsWe face intense competition in the semiconductor memory and storage markets from a number of companies, including Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.; SK hynix Inc.; Kioxia Holdings Corporation; Sandisk Corporation; ChangXin Memory Technologies, Inc. (“CXMT”); and Yangtze Memory Technologies Co., Ltd. (“YMTC”). Our competitors may use aggressive pricing to obtain market share. Some of our competitors are large corporations or conglomerates that may operate in jurisdictions with lower labor and compliance costs and may have a larger market share and greater resources to invest in technology, capitalize on growth opportunities, and withstand downturns in the semiconductor markets in which we compete. Consolidation of industry competitors could put us at a competitive disadvantage as our competitors may benefit from increased manufacturing scale and a stronger product portfolio. Alternatively, new entrants into the memory and storage market could have a significant adverse impact on our competitive position. We operate in different jurisdictions than our competitors and may be impacted by unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates, import/export restrictions, and other trade regulations, including tariffs.In addition, governments have provided, and may continue to provide, significant assistance, financial or otherwise, to some of our competitors or to new entrants and may intervene in support of national industries and/or competitors. As a result, we face the threat of increasing competition and DRAM and NAND oversupply due to significant investment in the semiconductor industry, including by the Chinese government and various state-owned or affiliated entities, such as CXMT and YMTC. In addition, the May 2023 decision by China’s Cyberspace Administration (the “CAC”) that critical information infrastructure operators in China may not purchase Micron products had an adverse impact on our ability to compete effectively in China and elsewhere. In addition, our competitors may increase capital expenditures resulting in future increases in worldwide supply. Additionally, rapid technological change in markets we serve could contribute to shortened product life cycles and a decline in average selling prices of our products. If competitors are more successful at developing or implementing new product or process technology, their products could have cost or performance advantages. 12Table of ContentsManufacturingWe manufacture our products within our own facilities located in Taiwan, Singapore, Japan, the United States, Malaysia, China, and India and also utilize subcontractors to perform certain manufacturing processes. Our products are manufactured on 300mm wafers in facilities that generally operate 24 hours per day, seven days per week. Semiconductor manufacturing is capital intensive, requiring large investments in sophisticated facilities and equipment. Our DRAM, NAND, and NOR products share a number of common manufacturing processes, enabling us to leverage our product and process technology and certain resources and manufacturing infrastructure across these product lines.Our process for manufacturing semiconductor products is complex and involves numerous precise steps, including wafer fabrication, post-fabrication processing, assembly, and test. Efficient production of semiconductor products requires utilization of advanced semiconductor manufacturing techniques and effectively deploying those techniques across multiple facilities. The primary determinants of manufacturing cost are process line-width, 3D non-volatile layers, NAND cell levels, process complexity (including the number of mask layers and fabrication steps), and manufacturing yield. As we continue to increase our production of high-value products and solutions, manufacturing costs are increasingly affected by the costs of application-specific integrated circuit controllers and other semiconductors, advanced and complex packaging configurations, and testing at progressively higher performance speeds and quality levels. We continuously enhance our production processes, increase bits per wafer, transition to higher density products, and utilize advanced testing and assembly processes.Wafer fabrication occurs in a highly controlled clean environment to minimize yield loss from contaminants. Despite stringent manufacturing controls, individual circuits may be non-functional or wafers may be scrapped due to equipment errors, minute impurities in materials, defects in photomasks, circuit design marginalities or defects, or contamination from airborne particles, among other factors. Success of our manufacturing operations depends largely on minimizing defects and improving process margin to maximize yield of high-quality circuits. In this regard, we employ rigorous quality controls throughout the manufacturing, screening, and testing processes. We continue to heighten quality control as our product offerings expand into higher-end segments that require increasing performance targets.Our products are manufactured and sold in both packaged form and as unpackaged bare die. Our packaged products include packaged die, memory modules, and system-level solutions, such as SSDs, managed NAND, and MCPs. We assemble many products in-house and, in some cases, outsource assembly services for certain packaged die, memory modules, SSDs, and MCPs. We test our products at various stages in the manufacturing process, conduct numerous quality control inspections throughout the entire production flow, and perform high-temperature burn-in on finished products. In addition, we use our proprietary AMBYX™ line of intelligent test and burn-in systems to perform simultaneous circuit tests of semiconductor die, capturing quality and reliability data and reducing testing time and cost.In recent years, we have produced an increasingly broad portfolio of products and system solutions, which enhances our ability to allocate resources to our most profitable products but also increases the complexity of our manufacturing and supply chain operations. Although our product lines generally use similar manufacturing processes, our costs can be affected by frequent conversions to new products; the allocation of manufacturing capacity to more complex, smaller-volume products; and the reallocation of manufacturing capacity across various product lines.13 | 2026 10-KTable of ContentsWe have commenced expansion of our production capacity in the United States and in other regions where we operate. Semiconductor fabs are complex, capital-intensive projects and require specialized knowledge, expertise, experience, and skill sets to construct and operate. Our construction projects are highly dependent on available sources of materials and specialized equipment, as well as labor, skilled sub-contractors, and other service providers. Increasing demand, supply constraints, inflation, and other market conditions could result in shortages and higher costs. Additionally, difficulties in obtaining labor, skilled sub-contractors, and other service providers or other resources could result in delays in completion of our construction projects and cost increases, including costs to operate these facilities. In the United States and in certain other regions, fab building has been uncommon in recent years. Concurrent semiconductor expansion projects across the industry introduce significant competition for the limited pool of construction talent with requisite expertise and experience in these regions. As such, expanding production capacity in the United States and certain other regions may introduce more challenges than we would experience in geographies with more established ecosystems.We also rely on a large, skilled workforce to operate our semiconductor manufacturing facilities worldwide. Certain of our employees have formed or joined labor unions, and additional unionization efforts may occur in the future. ResourcesSupply Chain, Materials, and Third-Party Service ProvidersOur supply chain and operations are dependent on the availability of materials that meet exacting standards and the use of third parties to provide us with components and services. We generally have multiple sources of supply for our materials and services. However, only a limited number of suppliers are capable of delivering certain materials, components, and services that meet our standards and, in some cases, materials, components, or services are provided by a single or sole source, and we may be unable to qualify new suppliers on a timely basis. The availability of materials or components, such as chemicals, silicon wafers, gases, photoresists, semiconductors, substrates, lead frames, printed circuit boards, targets, and reticle glass blanks is impacted by various factors. These factors could include a shortage of raw materials or a disruption in the processing or purification of those raw materials into finished goods. Shortages or increases in lead times have occurred in the past, are currently occurring with respect to some materials and components, and may occur from time to time in the future because of the nature of the industry. Constraints within our supply chain for certain materials and integrated circuit components could limit our bit shipments, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.Our manufacturing processes are also dependent on our relationships with third-party manufacturers of controllers, analog integrated circuits, and other components used in some of our products and with outsourced semiconductor foundries, assembly and test providers, contract manufacturers, logistics carriers, and other service providers, including providers of maintenance for our advanced semiconductor manufacturing equipment and providers of electricity and other utilities. Increasing AI-driven demand may intensify competition for critical materials, manufacturing equipment, advanced packaging capacity, and other key inputs, which could increase costs, extend lead times, or limit availability. Although we have certain long-term contracts with some of our suppliers, many of these contracts do not provide for long-term capacity or pricing commitments. To the extent we do not have firm commitments from our third-party suppliers over a specific time period or for any specific capacity, quantity, and/or pricing, our suppliers may allocate capacity to their other customers and capacity and/or materials may not be available when needed or at reasonable prices. Inflationary pressures may continue to increase costs for materials, supplies, and services. Regardless of contract structure, large swings in demand may exceed our contracted supply and/or our suppliers’ capacity to meet those demand changes, resulting in a shortage of parts, materials, or capacity needed to manufacture our products. In periods of shortage, we may not be able to obtain the needed supply in a timely manner or we may be required to incur increased costs in order to meet our contractual commitments and demand from our customers or experience a decrease in revenue. In addition, if any of our suppliers were to cease operations or become insolvent, this could impact their ability to provide us with necessary supplies, and we may not be able to obtain the needed supply in a timely manner or at all from other providers. Our direct suppliers may depend upon complex multi-tier supply chains over which we have limited visibility or control. Disruptions affecting sub-tier suppliers may adversely affect our supply chain even where our direct suppliers remain operational. 14Table of ContentsCertain materials are primarily available in a limited number of countries, including rare earth elements, minerals, and metals. Trade disputes, geopolitical tensions, economic circumstances, political conditions, or public health issues may limit our ability to obtain such materials. Although these rare earth and other materials are generally available from multiple suppliers, China is a predominant producer of these materials. Constrained supply of rare earth elements, minerals, and metals may restrict our ability to manufacture certain of our products and make it difficult or impossible to compete with other semiconductor memory and storage manufacturers who are able to obtain sufficient quantities of these materials from China. Environmental regulations could limit our ability to procure or use certain chemicals or materials in our operations or products. In addition, disruptions in transportation lines could delay our receipt of materials. Our ability to procure components to repair equipment essential for our manufacturing processes could also be negatively impacted by various restrictions or disruptions in supply chains, among other items.Our operations are dependent on a reliable and uninterrupted supply of electrical power, gas, and water to our manufacturing facilities. Growing demand from semiconductor manufacturing, AI-related data centers, and other industrial development may increase competition for utility resources and contribute to power shortages, capacity constraints, prolonged outages, or increased utility costs. Significant or prolonged shortages of our products could halt customer manufacturing and damage our relationships with these customers. Any damage to our customer relationships as a result of a shortage of our products could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.S. patents and 8,000 active foreign patents. In addition, we have thousands of U.S. and foreign patent applications pending. Our patents have various terms expiring through 2045.From time to time, we sell and/or license our technology to other parties, and we continue to pursue opportunities to monetize our investments in our intellectual property through partnering and other arrangements.We have a number of patent and intellectual property license agreements and have, from time to time, licensed or sold our intellectual property to third parties. Some of these license agreements require us to make one-time or periodic payments while others have resulted in us receiving payments. We may need to obtain additional licenses or renew existing license agreements in the future, and we may enter into additional sales or licenses of intellectual property and partnering arrangements. We are unable to predict whether these license agreements can be obtained or renewed on terms acceptable to us.15 | 2026 10-KTable of ContentsResearch and DevelopmentOur R&D efforts are focused primarily on development of memory and storage solutions, including our industry-leading DRAM and NAND technology, that enable continuous improvement in performance and cost structure for our products. In 2025, we began shipping the 1γ production node, which is our first DRAM node incorporating EUV lithography. We plan to increase EUV adoption at the 1δ (1-delta) DRAM node utilizing the latest-generation EUV tools. These more advanced EUV tools will help us optimize both cleanroom space efficiency and patterning when scaling to 1δ and beyond. Development of HBM4E, our next-generation HBM product, is well underway, and we expect to ramp volume in calendar 2027. Our HBM4E will leverage our production-proven, industry-leading 1γ DRAM technology node and is expected to deliver another step-function improvement in performance, enabling a whole new generation of AI compute platforms across the industry. Additionally, HBM4E customization options offer us further differentiation opportunities and even deeper R&D engagement with customers. We are also focused on developing new and fundamentally different memory structures, materials, and packages designed to facilitate our transition to next generation products. Additional R&D efforts are concentrated on the enablement of advanced computing, storage, and mobile memory architectures and the investigation of new opportunities that leverage our core semiconductor expertise.To compete in the semiconductor memory and storage markets, we must continue to develop technologically advanced products and processes. The continued evolution of our semiconductor product offerings is necessary to meet expected customer requirements for memory and storage products and solutions. Our process, design, firmware, controller, package, and system development efforts occur at multiple locations across the world. Our R&D centers are located in Boise, Idaho; San Jose, California; India; Japan; Singapore; Taiwan; Italy; Mexico; China; Germany; Malaysia; and other sites in the United States. In 2026, we announced the establishment of Micron Research Labs, a long-horizon research institution headquartered in Boise, Idaho, supported by a planned investment of approximately $10 billion over the next decade to advance memory, compute and semiconductor manufacturing technologies.R&D expenses vary primarily with the number of development and pre-qualification wafers processed and end-product solutions developed, personnel costs, and the cost of advanced equipment dedicated to new product and process development, such as investments in EUV lithography equipment. Because of the lead times necessary to manufacture our products, we typically begin to process wafers before completion of performance and reliability testing. Development of a product is deemed complete when it is qualified through internal reviews and tests for performance, functionality, and reliability. R&D expenses can vary significantly depending on the timing of product qualification and product specifications.Human CapitalWe depend on a highly educated and experienced workforce to design, develop, and manufacture high-quality, cutting-edge memory and storage solutions. We partner with our communities, institutions, governments, and associations to expand the pipeline of highly skilled STEM talent globally. Our partnerships with primary, secondary, and post-secondary education systems are key to training and inspiring the next generation to consider STEM careers in the semiconductor industry. On hiring, we focus on merit and use a variety of means to find the best talent. We are committed to empowering our team members through continuous learning, developing team members at all stages of their careers, including on-the-job training, continuing education, a robust mentoring program, and numerous internal certifications and training. We equip our team members with the latest AI tools and training to unlock human potential and labor productivity. In addition, we develop and accelerate our leaders’ careers through targeted learning that helps them move to higher-level positions or across functions.We use a research-based, people-centric approach to understanding and improving team member engagement. Listening to our team members is emphasized by the Micron Voice program, a survey which encompasses engagement, culture, leadership behaviors, well-being, and inclusion to learn more from our team members. Our total rewards strategy includes base salary, bonuses, equity awards, a discounted stock purchase plan, and a comprehensive benefits package. We have a regular review of pay globally, including base pay, annual bonuses, and stock awards, to ensure fairness in our compensation practices. We regularly assess our global leave, medical, and financial benefits to ensure market competitiveness.Culture At Micron, we empower a culture that reflects our core values and enables the best talent to innovate and thrive. To further this mission, we have required comprehensive training for all employees on fostering a respectful workplace, free from harassment or discrimination. We also train our leaders on the principles of psychological safety, enabling higher levels of trust, collaboration, and performance. Recognizing the significance of mental health and well-being, we offer a global employee assistance program accessible to all team members. We also leverage our 11 Employee Resource Groups (“ERGs”) to cultivate welcoming environments where team members connect, grow, and give back. ERG membership now exceeds more than half our workforce. In addition, we create opportunities for team members to participate in community engagement events and to build social connections through onsite workplace experiences.Health, Safety, and Well-beingProactive efforts to prevent occupational illnesses and injuries allow us to maintain a safe, healthy, and secure workplace. Our safety program creates a unified corporate safety culture by establishing a formal training structure and common safety practices across our global facilities. In addition to our proactive efforts on safety, our team member well-being program offers resources across our five pillars (physical, mental, social, career, and financial). We provide services to our team members, including free mental health and counseling support, on-site and near-site fitness centers, wellness spaces and health clinics at certain Micron sites, money management and other financial education tools, and encouraging team members to form healthy habits, reduce stress, and reinforce mindfulness solutions by participating in well-being challenges and measuring their personal progress. We also provide family support for caregiving needs through various solutions, including on-site or near-site childcare centers, backup care support, and referral resources. We strive to adhere to both our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (available on our website, www.micron.com) and the RBA Code of Conduct, which is a demonstration of our commitment to integrity and responsible practices.Additional information about our human capital is included in our 2026 Sustainability Report available on our website.

Information contained or referenced on our website is not incorporated by reference and does not form a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The efforts and expenditures needed to comply with these laws, rules, and regulations do not presently have a material impact on our results of operations, capital expenditures, or competitive position. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for a discussion of these potential impacts. Our approach also considers the expectations of our investors, customers, team members, community members, and other stakeholders. Within these frameworks, we maintain a global environmental, health, safety, and energy policy that addresses matters such as aspect and hazard evaluation and control, compliance obligations, training, communication, document and operational control, emergency preparedness and response, and management review.S. government agencies, such as the Bureau of Industry and Security (“BIS”) of the U.S. Department of Commerce and the Office of Foreign Asset Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Other jurisdictions, such as the European Union or China, also maintain, or may implement, similar laws and regulations with which we must comply. Any such laws or regulations may require that we either obtain licenses or other authorizations to export certain of our products or sell them to certain countries, companies, or individuals, or, in the absence of such licenses or authorizations, not export or sell the applicable products or transfer the related technical information and know-how to the affected countries, companies, or individuals. In addition, increased tariffs imposed by the countries in which our products are sold can increase the cost of our product to our customers. The laws and regulations that govern international trade change frequently, sometimes without advance notice. See Item 1A. Risk Factors, “Risks Related to Laws and Regulations—Government actions and regulations, such as export restrictions, tariffs, and trade protection measures, may limit our ability to sell our products to certain customers or markets, or could otherwise restrict our ability to conduct operations.” and “Risks Related to Our Business, Operations, and Industry—We face geopolitical and other risks associated with our international operations that could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition.” We and/or our suppliers and service providers could be affected by tariffs, embargoes, or other trade restrictions, as well as laws and regulations enacted in response to concerns regarding climate change, conflict minerals, responsible sourcing practices, public health crises, or other matters, which could limit the supply of our materials and/or increase the cost. All officers serve until their successors are duly chosen or elected and qualified, except in the case of earlier death, resignation, or removal. Information about us is available on our website, www.micron.com. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K regarding any amendments to, or waivers from, our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics by posting such information on our website within four business days of the amendment or waiver. Copies of these documents are available to shareholders upon request.

Information contained or referenced on our website is not incorporated by reference and does not form a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.micron.com), filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), press releases, public conference calls, blog posts (micron.com/about/blog), posts on X (@MicronTech), and webcasts. We use these channels to achieve broad, non-exclusionary distribution of information to the public and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Therefore, we encourage investors, the media, and others interested in our company to review the information we post on such channels.Our filings are available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC, including our annual and quarterly reports on Forms 10-K and 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, our proxy statements, and any amendments to those reports or statements. The SEC’s website, www.sec.gov, contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.

The content on any website referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is not incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K unless expressly noted.

RISK FACTORSIn addition to the factors discussed elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, this section discusses important factors which could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements made by us. The order of presentation is not necessarily indicative of the level of risk that each factor poses to us. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, or stock price. Our operations could also be affected by other factors that are presently unknown to us or not considered significant.Risks Related to Laws and Regulations•impacts of government actions and compliance with tariffs, trade restrictions, and/or trade regulations;•tax expense and tax laws in key jurisdictions; and•compliance with laws, regulations, or industry standards, including environmental considerations.Risks Related to Capitalization and Financial Markets•our ability to generate sufficient cash flows or obtain access to external financing;•our debt obligations;•changes in foreign currency exchange rates;•counterparty default risk;•volatility in the trading price of our common stock; and•fluctuations in the amount and frequency of our common stock repurchases and payment of cash dividends and resulting impacts. Over the past five fiscal years, annual percentage changes in DRAM and NAND average selling prices have ranged from an increase of approximately 200% to a decrease of approximately 50%. In recent periods, industry demand has outpaced supply, driving average selling prices higher, but as we and others increase supply, average selling prices may decline, particularly if demand growth slows or declines. Significant declines in average selling prices in future periods could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.Our gross margins may be adversely affected by a range of factors.Many factors may result in a reduction of our output or a delay in ramping production, which have in the past and could in the future lead to underutilization of our production assets. These factors may include, among others, a weak demand environment, industry oversupply, inventory surpluses, difficulties in ramping emerging technologies, supply chain disruptions, and delays from equipment suppliers. A significant portion of our manufacturing costs are fixed and do not vary proportionally with changes in production output. We operate in a dynamic and rapidly evolving industry where the timeframes for product transitions, facility expansions, production ramps, and supply chain shifts are increasingly compressed. To remain competitive, we must continuously develop and implement new products and technologies and decrease manufacturing costs in spite of inflationary pressures and regulatory uncertainty. 24Table of ContentsThere can be no assurance we will be able to do the following:•timely identify and address technology inflections and market changes;•accurately forecast demand and inventory levels of our customers or distributors;•timely complete facility expansions and transitions of products to new fabrication facilities;•timely ramp production as we transition our operations footprint to new fabrication facilities;•maintain operational flexibility in response to unforeseen changes in customer demand; and•maintain supply scalability during downturns in the semiconductor markets in which we compete as we streamline our product portfolio to drive further fabrication efficiencies.Our ability to execute on multiple transitions simultaneously, while maintaining supply continuity, quality standards, and cost competitiveness, is critical to sustaining our market position. If we do not successfully anticipate technology inflections and respond to changes in customer requirements and market changes, our business, results of operations, or financial condition could be materially adversely affected. Any misalignment between forecasted and actual demand, or delays in ramping new technologies, could result in elevated inventory levels, underutilized capacity, and gross margin pressure. Additionally, our customers have from time to time overstated their expected demand requirements, possibly to procure additional supply, and may do so in the future. This could exacerbate the foregoing issues and could negatively impact our ability to forecast and to allocate supply appropriately among our customers.We have a broad portfolio of products to address our customers’ needs, which span multiple market segments and are subject to rapid technological changes. Our manufacturing costs on a per gigabit basis vary across our portfolio as they are largely influenced by the technology node in which the solution was developed. We strive to balance our demand and supply for each technology node, but the dynamics of our markets and our customers can create periods of imbalance, which can lead us to carry elevated inventory levels and underutilized capacity. Consequently, we may incur charges in connection with obsolete or excess inventories, or we may not fully recover our costs, which would reduce our gross margins. In addition, due to the customized nature of certain products we manufacture, we may be unable to sell certain finished goods inventories to alternative customers or manufacture in-process inventory to different specifications, which may result in excess and obsolescence charges or loss of revenue in future periods.In addition, if we are unable to supply products that meet customer design and performance specifications, we may be required to sell such products at lower average selling prices, which may reduce our gross margins. Our gross margins may also be impacted by shifts in product mix, driven by our strategy to optimize our portfolio to best respond to changing market dynamics.Our industry goes through cycles with demand changes that are not fully aligned to the available supply in the market. AI currently is, and is expected to continue to be, a significant demand driver for our products. However, AI is evolving rapidly, and the expected timing and amount of demand related to AI can change significantly and may be impacted by many factors. As a result, it is difficult to accurately forecast such demand, particularly over the longer term, and we have incurred and expect to continue to incur costs in anticipation of demand that ultimately may not materialize or may not be sustained. Additionally, periods of sustained higher prices for memory and storage products may reduce demand or result in our customers modifying product designs to reduce memory and storage content or seeking alternative technologies and solutions. Further, sustained higher prices for our products may attract new entrants into the memory and storage market, which could have a significant adverse impact on our competitive position.In addition to our U.S. operations, a substantial portion of our operations are conducted in Taiwan, Singapore, Japan, Malaysia, China, and India, and many of our customers, suppliers, and vendors also operate internationally.Our international operations are subject to a number of risks, including:•restrictions on sales of goods or services to one or more of our significant foreign customers;•export and import duties, changes to import and export regulations, customs regulations and processes, and restrictions on the transfer of funds, including currency controls and global tariffs, which could negatively affect the amount and timing of payments from certain of our customers and, as a result, our cash flows;•compliance with U.S.If we or our customers, suppliers, or vendors are impacted by any of these risks, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. Following the May 2023 decision of its cybersecurity review of our products sold in China, the CAC determined that critical information infrastructure operators in China may not purchase Micron products, impacting our revenue with companies headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, including direct sales, as well as indirect sales through distributors. Further actions by the Chinese government, through CAC action or other means, could impact revenue inside or outside China, or our operations in China, or our ability to ship products to our customers, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.In addition, the U.S. government has in the past and continues to restrict U.S. firms, including us, from selling products and software to certain of our customers and may in the future impose similar restrictions on one or more of our significant customers. We may not be able to fully prevent the unauthorized resale, diversion, or misuse of our products by third parties. These restrictions may not prohibit our competitors from selling similar products to our customers, which may result in a loss of sales and market share. Even as such restrictions are lifted, financial or other penalties or continuing export restrictions imposed with respect to our customers could have a continuing negative impact on our future revenue and results of operations, and we may not be able to recover any customers or market share we lose, or make such recoveries at acceptable average selling prices, while complying with such restrictions. 26Table of ContentsPolitical, economic, or other actions may adversely affect our operations in Taiwan. A majority of our DRAM production output in 2026 was from our fabrication facilities in Taiwan, and any loss of output could have a material adverse effect on us. Any political, economic, or other actions may also adversely affect our customers and the technology industry supply chain, for which Taiwan is a central hub, and as a result, could have a material adverse impact on us.The semiconductor memory and storage markets are highly competitive.We face intense competition in the semiconductor memory and storage markets from a number of companies, including Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.; SK hynix Inc.; Kioxia Holdings Corporation; Sandisk Corporation; ChangXin Memory Technologies, Inc. (“CXMT”); and Yangtze Memory Technologies Co., Ltd. (“YMTC”). Our competitors may use aggressive pricing to obtain market share. Some of our competitors are large corporations or conglomerates that may operate in jurisdictions with lower labor and compliance costs and may have a larger market share and greater resources to invest in technology, capitalize on growth opportunities, and withstand downturns in the semiconductor markets in which we compete. Consolidation of industry competitors could put us at a competitive disadvantage as our competitors may benefit from increased manufacturing scale and a stronger product portfolio. Alternatively, new entrants into the memory and storage market could have a significant adverse impact on our competitive position. We operate in different jurisdictions than our competitors and may be impacted by unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates, import/export restrictions, and other trade regulations, including tariffs.In addition, governments have provided, and may continue to provide, significant assistance, financial or otherwise, to some of our competitors or to new entrants and may intervene in support of national industries and/or competitors. As a result, we face the threat of increasing competition and DRAM and NAND oversupply due to significant investment in the semiconductor industry, including by the Chinese government and various state-owned or affiliated entities, such as CXMT and YMTC. In addition, the CAC’s decision that critical information infrastructure operators in China may not purchase Micron products had an adverse impact on our ability to compete effectively in China and elsewhere. In addition, our competitors may increase capital expenditures resulting in future increases in worldwide supply. Additionally, rapid technological change in markets we serve could contribute to shortened product life cycles and a decline in average selling prices of our products. If competitors are more successful at developing or implementing new product or process technology, their products could have cost or performance advantages. The competitive nature of our industry could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.27 | 2026 10-KTable of ContentsOur future success depends on our ability to develop, produce, and supply new and competitive memory and storage technologies and products in a dynamic market environment.Our key semiconductor memory and storage technologies face technological barriers to continue to meet long-term customer needs. These barriers include achieving acceptable yields and quality for HBM products with their multiple chip layers, potential limitations on stacking additional 3D memory layers, increasing bits per cell (i.e., cell levels), meeting higher density requirements, developing advanced packaging solutions, improving power consumption and reliability, and delivering advanced features and higher performance. We may face technological barriers to continue to shrink our products at our current or historical rate, which has generally reduced per gigabit cost. Such new technologies can add complexity and risk to our schedule and may affect our costs and production output. We may have increases in R&D expenses or be unable to recover our investment in R&D or otherwise realize the economic benefits of reducing die size or increasing memory and storage densities. Our competitors are working to develop new memory and storage technologies that may offer performance and/or cost advantages to existing technologies and render existing technologies obsolete. Accordingly, our future success may depend on our ability to develop and produce viable and competitive new memory and storage technologies. We have invested and expect to continue to invest in new semiconductor product and system-level solution development. We are increasingly differentiating our products and solutions to meet the specific demands of our customers, which increases our reliance on our customers’ ability to accurately forecast the needs and preferences of the end users. In addition, our ability to successfully introduce new products often requires us to make product specification decisions multiple years in advance of when new products enter the market. Recent technologies, such as generative AI models have emerged, and while they have driven increased demand for HBM and other advanced products in the data center and other markets, the long-term trajectory is unknown and associated demand may fluctuate. Due to the higher performance and more complex manufacturing process, HBM requires a higher number of wafers and more cleanroom space to produce the same number of bits as conventional DRAM in the same technology node. If demand for HBM weakens and suppliers shift capacity from HBM to conventional DRAM, this could result in a significant increase in conventional DRAM supply. An oversupplied DRAM market may lead to downward pressure on pricing, which could adversely impact our financial results. Conversely, as demand for DRAM, HBM, or any of our other products increases and may continue to increase, we may be unable to increase supply sufficiently to meet such demand. Our ability to meet demand is influenced by numerous factors, including changes in product development cycles, cleanroom capacity, ramping new technologies, and evolving customer requirements. When demand exceeds our supply, we have been and may be unable to scale supply sufficiently, requiring us to make decisions about manufacturing priorities, as well as customer and market supply allocations. If these conditions persist, they could limit or severely restrict our ability to sell our product into certain end markets in the future.The growth of AI further creates pressure on the semiconductor industry to timely design, manufacture, and deliver semiconductor products and solutions to meet customer demand for computing power and AI infrastructure. If we do not meet their product design schedules, our customers may exclude us from further consideration as a supplier for those products. The process to develop new products requires us to demonstrate advanced functionality, performance, and reliability, often well in advance of a planned ramp of production, in order to secure design wins with our customers. We must also qualify our products with customers through potentially lengthy testing processes with results that are dependent on the quality and capability of the customer systems. Many factors may negatively impact our ability to meet anticipated timelines and/or expected or required quality standards with respect to the development of certain of our products.Unsuccessful efforts to develop new memory and storage technologies and products could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.We may not be able to achieve expected returns from capacity expansions.We continue to expand our production capacity in the United States and in other regions where we operate, in large part, to meet expected demand for our products. These expansion projects are multi-year projects that require significant lead time and commitment of capital well in advance of achieving any returns. Semiconductor fabs are complex, capital-intensive projects and require specialized knowledge, expertise, experience, and skill sets to construct and operate. Our construction projects are highly dependent on available sources of materials and specialized equipment, as well as labor, skilled sub-contractors, and other service providers. Increasing demand, supply constraints, inflation, tariffs, trade restrictions, and other market conditions could result in shortages and higher costs. In the United States and in certain other regions, fab building has been uncommon in recent years. Concurrent semiconductor expansion projects across the industry introduce significant competition for the limited pool of construction talent with requisite expertise and experience in these regions. As such, expanding production capacity in the United States and certain other regions may introduce more challenges than we would experience in geographies with more established ecosystems. Depending on the nature and extent of the impact from these risks, we may be unable to produce sufficient capacity in the expected timeframe which could result in delays in the completion of our construction projects and increased costs, including costs to operate these facilities.We have a broad portfolio of products to address our customers’ needs, which span multiple market segments and are subject to rapid technological changes. We invest our capital in areas that we believe best align with our business strategy and optimize future returns. Investments in capital expenditures may not generate expected returns or cash flows. Significant judgment is required to determine which capital investments will result in optimal returns, and we could invest in projects that are ultimately less profitable than those projects we do not select. Our strategic decision-making process involves careful evaluation and prioritization of investments to ensure alignment with our long-term goals. As we streamline our product portfolio, we may face execution risks that could impact our ability to support demand and maintain share in certain markets. Further, as we continue to optimize the efficiency of our fabrication facilities to support demand from leading edge nodes, any delays in completion and ramping of new production facilities, or failure to optimize our investment choices, could significantly impact our ability to realize expected returns on our capital expenditures.Any of the above factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. However, there is no guarantee that such government incentives and benefits will continue to be available in the future on the same terms, terms that are acceptable to us or at all and existing incentives could be modified or terminated by government authorities. In addition, we have discretion in the timing of use of certain of these incentives. If we choose to exercise such discretion due to the cyclicality of our business or other factors, we may not be able to fully utilize these incentives. Our future business plans may be impacted by obtaining these government incentives, which may take various forms, including grants, subsidies, loans, and tax arrangements, and typically require us to achieve or maintain certain levels of investment, capital spending, employment, technology deployment or development milestones, construction or production milestones, or R&D activities to qualify for such incentives or could restrict us from undertaking certain activities. We may fail to achieve these milestones, in a timely manner or at all, due to a variety of factors, some of which may be outside of our control, including a cyclical downturn in our business or global downturn. Failure to achieve such milestones could result in up to all of certain incentives being clawed back, in some cases along with interest and/or loss of project assets. In some cases, these incentives have additional terms and conditions regarding our business operations or governance that are required to be satisfied as a condition to receive incentives or disbursements. Compliance with these terms and conditions may add complexity to our operations and increase our costs and failure to comply could result in termination of incentive programs or clawbacks of incentive amounts received, in some cases along with interest and/or loss of project assets.We may be unable to obtain sufficient future incentives to continue to fund a portion of our capital expenditures and operating costs, without which our cost structure may be adversely impacted and planned capital expenditures and R&D expenditures may be affected. For example, in December 2024, we entered into direct funding agreements to provide funds for the construction of fab facilities in Idaho and New York, with the United States Department of Commerce. In June 2025, such agreements were subsequently amended to expand our investments, and we entered into a direct funding agreement to provide funds to expand and modernize our fab in Virginia. The awards under the direct funding agreements are subject to various conditions, and we may not receive the funding expected on the same terms or at all. We cannot guarantee that we will successfully achieve or maintain outcomes or satisfy the compliance requirements to qualify for these incentives or that the granting agencies will provide or continue to provide such funding. See Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 15. Government Incentives. Such audits could result in modifications to, or termination of, the applicable incentive program. In addition, the incentives we receive, including the funding agreements, are in some cases subject to reduction, termination, or clawback under certain circumstances, and any decrease or clawback of government incentives could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.Our supply chain and operations are dependent on the availability of materials that meet exacting standards and the use of third parties to provide us with components and services. We generally have multiple sources of supply for our materials and services. However, only a limited number of suppliers are capable of delivering certain materials, components, and services that meet our standards and, in some cases, materials, components, or services are provided by a single or sole source, and we may be unable to qualify new suppliers on a timely basis. The availability of materials or components, such as chemicals, silicon wafers, gases, photoresists, semiconductors, substrates, lead frames, printed circuit boards, targets, and reticle glass blanks is impacted by various factors. These factors could include a shortage of raw materials or a disruption in the processing or purification of those raw materials into finished goods. Shortages or increases in lead times have occurred in the past, are currently occurring with respect to some materials and components, and may occur from time to time in the future because of the nature of the industry. Constraints within our supply chain for certain materials and integrated circuit components could limit our bit shipments, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.Our manufacturing processes are also dependent on our relationships with third-party manufacturers of controllers, analog integrated circuits, and other components used in some of our products and with outsourced semiconductor foundries, assembly and test providers, contract manufacturers, logistics carriers, and other service providers, including providers of maintenance for our advanced semiconductor manufacturing equipment and providers of electricity and other utilities. Increasing AI-driven demand may intensify competition for critical materials, manufacturing equipment, advanced packaging capacity, and other key inputs, which could increase costs, extend lead times, or limit availability. Although we have certain long-term contracts with some of our suppliers, many of these contracts do not provide for long-term capacity or pricing commitments. To the extent we do not have firm commitments from our third-party suppliers over a specific time period or for any specific capacity, quantity, and/or pricing, our suppliers may allocate capacity to their other customers and capacity and/or materials may not be available when needed or at reasonable prices. Inflationary pressures may continue to increase costs for materials, supplies, and services. Regardless of contract structure, large swings in demand may exceed our contracted supply and/or our suppliers’ capacity to meet those demand changes, resulting in a shortage of parts, materials, or capacity needed to manufacture our products. In periods of shortage, we may not be able to obtain the needed supply in a timely manner or we may be required to incur increased costs in order to meet our contractual commitments and demand from our customers or experience a decrease in revenue. In addition, if any of our suppliers were to cease operations or become insolvent, this could impact their ability to provide us with necessary supplies, and we may not be able to obtain the needed supply in a timely manner or at all from other providers. Our direct suppliers may depend upon complex multi-tier supply chains over which we have limited visibility or control. Disruptions affecting sub-tier suppliers may adversely affect our supply chain even where our direct suppliers remain operational.Certain materials are primarily available in a limited number of countries, including rare earth elements, minerals, and metals. Trade disputes, geopolitical tensions, economic circumstances, political conditions, or public health issues may limit our ability to obtain such materials. Although these rare earth and other materials are generally available from multiple suppliers, China is a predominant producer of these materials. Constrained supply of rare earth elements, minerals, and metals may restrict our ability to manufacture certain of our products and make it difficult or impossible to compete with other semiconductor memory and storage manufacturers who are able to obtain sufficient quantities of these materials from China. Environmental regulations could limit our ability to procure or use certain chemicals or materials in our operations or products. In addition, disruptions in transportation lines could delay our receipt of materials. Our ability to procure components to repair equipment essential for our manufacturing processes could also be negatively impacted by various restrictions or disruptions in supply chains, among other items. Growing demand from semiconductor manufacturing, AI-related data centers, and other industrial development may increase competition for utility resources and contribute to power shortages, capacity constraints, prolonged outages, or increased utility costs.Our operations are dependent on our ability to procure advanced semiconductor manufacturing equipment that enables the transition to lower cost manufacturing processes. For certain key types of equipment, including photolithography tools, we are sometimes dependent on a single supplier. From time to time, we have experienced difficulties in obtaining some equipment on a timely basis due to suppliers’ limited capacity. Our inability to obtain equipment on a timely basis could adversely affect our ability to transition to next generation manufacturing processes and reduce our costs. Delays in obtaining equipment could also impede our ability to ramp production and could increase our overall costs of a ramp. Our inability to obtain advanced semiconductor manufacturing equipment in a timely manner could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.Our construction projects to expand production and R&D capacity are highly dependent on available sources of labor, materials, equipment, and services. Difficulties in obtaining these resources could result in delays in completion of our construction projects and cost increases, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. Significant or prolonged shortages of our products could halt customer manufacturing and damage our relationships with these customers. Any damage to our customer relationships as a result of a shortage of our products could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.Downturns or ongoing adverse conditions in regional or worldwide economies may harm our business. Adverse economic conditions affect demand for devices that incorporate our products, such as personal computers, smartphones, automobiles, and servers. Reduced demand for memory and storage products could result in significant decreases in our average selling prices and product sales. In addition, to the extent our customers or distributors have elevated inventory levels or are impacted by a deterioration in credit markets, we may experience a decrease in short-term and/or long-term demand resulting in industry oversupply and declines in pricing for our products. In addition, we may experience losses on our holdings of cash and investments due to failures of financial institutions and other parties. Difficult economic conditions may also result in a higher rate of losses on our accounts receivable due to credit defaults. Additionally, our current or potential future customers may experience cash flow problems and as a result may modify, delay, or cancel plans to purchase our products. Any inability of our current or potential future customers to pay us for our products may adversely affect our earnings and cash flow. As a result, downturns or ongoing adverse conditions in regional or worldwide economies could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.If our manufacturing process is disrupted by operational issues, natural disasters, or other events, our business, results of operations, or financial condition could be materially adversely affected. We have manufacturing and other operations in locations subject to natural occurrences and possible climate changes, such as severe and variable weather and geological events resulting in increased costs, or disruptions to our manufacturing operations or those of our suppliers or customers. In addition, climate change may pose physical risks to our manufacturing facilities or our suppliers’ facilities, including increased extreme weather events that could result in supply delays or disruptions. Other events, including political or public health crises, such as an outbreak of contagious diseases, may also affect our production capabilities or that of our suppliers, including as a result of quarantines, closures of production facilities, lack of supplies, or delays caused by restrictions on travel or shipping. Events of the types noted above have occurred from time to time and, because these risks are a characteristic of our business, they may occur in the future. As a result, in addition to disruptions to operations, our insurance premiums may increase or we may not be able to fully recover any sustained losses through insurance.If production is disrupted for any reason, manufacturing yields may be adversely affected, or we may be unable to meet our customers’ requirements and they may purchase products from other suppliers. This could result in a significant increase in manufacturing costs, loss of revenue, or damage to customer relationships, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.A significant portion of our revenue is concentrated with certain customers and end markets.In 2026, over half of our total revenue came from our top ten customers. Particularly with respect to data center build outs, supply constraints or availability issues with respect to any one component have had and may continue to have a broader revenue impact. For example, our ability to sell certain products has been and could be impeded if components necessary for the finished products are not available from third parties. In addition, the build-out of data centers by our customers and partners requires significant energy capacity, water, and capital, and any shortage of these and other necessary resources, any stakeholder opposition to data center development, or any delays in the build-out of data centers, could impact our future revenue and financial performance. In addition, access to capital for our customers could be constrained, which may cause companies to face difficulties securing financing for large-scale infrastructure projects. These limitations could delay customer and partner deployments or reduce the scale of 33 | 2026 10-KTable of Contentsaccelerated computing and AI adoption, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. We could experience fluctuations in our customer base or the mix of revenue by customer or end market, as markets and strategies evolve. Demand for our products may fluctuate due to factors beyond our control. Our inability to qualify our products to meet customer or end market requirements could adversely impact our revenue. A meaningful change in inventory strategy by our top customers or in certain end markets could impact our industry bit demand growth outlook. In addition, any consolidation of our customers or consolidation of significant end markets could limit the opportunity for sale of our products. While we have entered into, and expect to continue to enter into, strategic customer agreements with certain customers with specific contractually enforceable volumes over the multi-year contract terms, the nature of these agreements still subjects us to risk. Pricing for our contracts is either fixed or periodically negotiated, with the majority of the strategic customer agreements having pricing that is subject to minimum and maximum bands. In connection with these customer agreements, we have received, and expect to continue to receive, customer deposits and letters of credit. Any failure to perform our obligations under these arrangements could subject us to contractual damages or other financial consequences. Further, if we are unable to satisfy customer demand and customers are required to purchase products from our competitors, they may shift immediate and future purchases to such competitors, which could harm our customer relationships and adversely impact our access to certain end markets. In addition, customer purchases in excess of production needs to satisfy their obligations under long-term agreements may result in elevated customer inventories. See Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 20. Segment and Other Information and Note 21. Certain Concentrations.Increases in sales of system solutions may increase our dependency upon specific customers and our costs to develop, qualify, and manufacture our system solutions.Our development of system-level memory and storage products is dependent, in part, upon successfully meeting our customers’ specifications for those products. Developing and manufacturing system-level products with specifications unique to a customer increases our reliance upon that customer for purchasing our products at sufficient volumes and prices in a timely manner. Even if our products meet customer specifications, our sales of system-level solutions are dependent upon our customers choosing our products over those of our competitors and purchasing our products at sufficient volumes and prices. Our competitors’ products may be less costly, provide better performance, or include additional features when compared to our products. Our long-term ability to sell system-level memory and storage products is reliant upon our customers’ ability to create, market, and sell their products containing our system-level solutions at sufficient volumes and prices in a timely manner. If we fail to successfully develop and market system-level products, our business, results of operations, or financial condition may be materially adversely affected. 34Table of ContentsManufacturing system-level solutions, such as SSDs, managed NAND, and HBM, typically results in higher per-unit manufacturing costs and longer cycle time as compared to other products. Even if we are successful in selling system-level solutions to our customers in sufficient volume, we may be unable to generate sufficient profit if our per-unit manufacturing costs are not offset by higher per-unit selling prices. Manufacturing system-level solutions to customer specifications requires a longer development cycle, as compared to discrete products, to design, test, and qualify, which may increase our costs. Some of our system-level solutions are increasingly dependent on sophisticated firmware that may require significant customization to meet customer specifications, which increases our costs and time to market. Additionally, we may need to update our controller and hardware design, as well as our firmware or develop new firmware as a result of new product introductions or changes in customer specifications and/or industry standards, which increases our costs. System complexities and extended warranties for system-level products could also increase our warranty costs. Our failure to cost-effectively manufacture system-level solutions and/or controller, hardware design, and firmware in a timely manner may result in reduced demand for our system-level products and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.Products that fail to meet specifications, are defective, or are otherwise incompatible with end uses could impose significant costs on us.Products that do not meet specifications or that contain, or are perceived by our customers to contain, defects or that are otherwise incompatible with end uses could impose significant costs on us or otherwise materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition. In recent periods, we have further diversified and expanded our product offerings, which could potentially increase the chance that one or more of our products could fail to meet specifications in a particular application. Our products and solutions may be deemed fully or partially responsible for functionality in our customers’ products and may result in sharing or shifting of product or financial liability from our customers to us for costs incurred by the end user as a result of our customers’ products failing to perform as specified. In addition, if our products and solutions perform critical functions in our customers’ products or are used in high-risk consumer end products, such as autonomous driver assistance programs, home and enterprise security, smoke and noxious gas detectors, medical monitoring equipment, or wearables for child and elderly safety, our potential liability may increase. We could be adversely affected in several ways, including the following:•we may be required or agree to compensate customers for costs incurred or damages caused by defective or incompatible products and to replace products;•we could incur a decrease in revenue or adjustment to pricing commensurate with the reimbursement of such costs or alleged damages; •we could be required to indemnify our customers or end users or we may face other claims, including litigation, which could result in increased costs in defending ourselves and/or paying resulting damages; and•we may encounter adverse publicity, which could cause a decrease in sales of our products or harm our reputation or relationships with existing or potential customers.Any of the foregoing items could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.Breaches of our security systems or products, systems failures, interruptions, delays in service, catastrophic events, and resulting interruptions in the availability of our systems or those of our customers, suppliers, or business partners, could expose us to losses.We maintain a system of controls over the physical security of our facilities. We also manage and store various proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data relating to our operations. In addition, we process, store, and transmit data relating to our customers, suppliers, and employees, including sensitive personal information. Unauthorized persons, employees, former employees, nation states, or other parties may gain access to our facilities or technology infrastructure and systems through fraudulent means and may steal trade secrets or other proprietary information, compromise confidential information, create system disruptions, or have other impacts. This risk is exacerbated as competitors for talent, particularly engineering talent, attempt to hire our employees. Through cyberattacks on technology infrastructure and systems, unauthorized parties may obtain access to computer systems, networks, and data, including cloud-based platforms. Our technology infrastructure and systems and that 35 | 2026 10-KTable of Contentsof our suppliers, vendors, service providers, cloud solution providers, and partners have in the past experienced, and may in the future experience, such attacks, which could impact our operations. Cyberattacks can include ransomware, denial-of-service attacks, zero-day attacks, supply chain attacks, “phishing” and other forms of social engineering, exploitation of open source software vulnerabilities, and other malicious software programs or other attacks, including those using techniques that change frequently or may be disguised or difficult to detect, or designed to remain dormant until a triggering event, impersonation of authorized users, and efforts to discover and exploit any design flaws, “bugs,” security vulnerabilities, as well as intentional or unintentional acts by employees or other insiders with access privileges. The emergence, maturation, and increasing availability of AI capabilities may also lead to new and/or more sophisticated methods of attack that leverage AI technologies, including AI technologies that have the potential to increase the speed and impact of cyberattacks. Globally, cyberattacks are increasing in number and the attackers are increasingly organized and well-financed, or supported by state actors, and are developing increasingly sophisticated systems to not only attack, but also to evade detection. In addition, geopolitical tensions or conflicts may create a heightened risk of cyberattacks. Breaches of our physical security, including break-ins, sabotage or vandalism, attacks on our technology infrastructure and systems, security breaches or incidents, or attacks on our customers, suppliers, or business partners who maintain or otherwise process confidential or sensitive information regarding us and our customers and suppliers, could result in damage to, or loss, disruption, or unavailability of data or systems, or inappropriate disclosure, destruction, loss, or other processing of confidential or sensitive information. In addition, our systems and those of our third-party vendors may experience service interruptions, data loss or compromise, and outages for other reasons, including human error, pandemics, fires, other natural disasters, power losses, disruptions in telecommunications services, fraud, military or political conflicts, terrorist attacks and other geopolitical unrest, computer viruses, ransomware, and other malicious software, changes in social, political, or regulatory conditions or in laws and policies, or other changes or events.Any such event, or the perception it has occurred, may result in significant losses and damage our reputation with customers and suppliers and may expose us to claims, demands, or litigation.Products and the systems and applications that incorporate or otherwise utilize our products are also targets for cyberattacks. While some of our products contain encryption, security algorithms, or features designed to help protect third-party content, user-generated data stored on our products, or the functionality of our products as intended, systems and applications that utilize these products could be compromised, breached, or circumvented by motivated attackers. Further, our products contain sophisticated hardware, firmware and software (some of which is provided by third parties) that may contain weaknesses or defects in design or manufacture, including “bugs” and other problems that could interfere with the intended operation of our products or be potentially exploited by such attackers.We cannot be certain that any applicable insurance coverage we maintain will be adequate or otherwise protect us with respect to claims, expenses, fines, penalties, business loss, data loss, litigation, regulatory actions, or other impacts arising from security breaches or incidents, or that such coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms or at all. Any of the foregoing security risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.New and evolving laws and regulations relating to cybersecurity, data privacy, digital products, and AI impose requirements for information confidentiality, integrity, availability, personal and proprietary data collection, storage, use, sharing, deletion, and AI systems to be appropriately transparent, fair, secure, responsibly deployed, and accountable. Along with these laws and regulations, standards and market expectations could cause us to incur additional direct costs for compliance, as well as increased indirect costs resulting from our customers’, suppliers’, or partners’ reluctance to share information or solutions due to actual or perceived inadequate controls. As a result of these considerations, we could experience a reduction of production or sales of our products; remediation costs and activities; increased compliance costs; regulatory penalties, fines, civil or criminal sanctions, and other legal liabilities; and reputational challenges. Compliance with, or our failure, or the failure of our third-party sales channel partners or agents, to comply with, laws, regulations, or industry standards could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. 36Table of ContentsWe may be adversely impacted by any of the multiple uncertainties and outcomes associated with the use and evolution of AI.We are increasingly incorporating AI capabilities into the development of technologies and our business operations, and into our products and services. Our use of such technologies may create dependencies on third-party AI providers. Any disruptions, security incidents, changes in business practices, contractual terms, service availability, or functionality affecting such providers could adversely affect our operations, costs, innovation efforts, or competitive position. The implementation of AI can be costly and there is no guarantee that our use of AI will enhance our technologies, benefit our business operations, or produce products and services that are preferred by our customers.In addition, AI and the associated demand for memory has been a significant driver of increased demand for our products. AI technology is complex and rapidly evolving, and may expose us to significant competitive, legal, regulatory, and other risks. The future of AI and the impact on our products, including demand for our products, is difficult to predict. AI-driven demand may not be sustainable and therefore, our expectations regarding our future financial results may not materialize. Further, we may not be able to effectively match supply and demand or achieve the expected return on our investments to address this AI-driven demand. AI will continue to increase or change the competitive environment in our markets. Our competitors may be more successful in their AI strategy or they may have access to greater AI resources or technology and develop superior products and services.Additionally, AI algorithms or training methodologies may be flawed, and datasets may contain irrelevant, insufficient, or biased information, which can cause errors in outputs. Failures to develop, deploy, or use AI technologies in a safe, responsible, and effective manner, whether by us, our customers, suppliers, partners, or third-party AI providers, could result in product quality issues, operational disruptions, legal liability, regulatory scrutiny, or reputational harm. We manage AI-related risks through our existing cybersecurity, privacy, legal, compliance, information governance, and enterprise risk management processes. However, these processes may not identify or mitigate all risks associated with evolving AI technologies, regulations, and industry practices. The use of AI in the development of our products could also cause loss of intellectual property, as well as subject us to risks related to intellectual property infringement or misappropriation, data privacy, and cybersecurity. AI is also the subject of an evolving set of legal requirements and regulations, and we may be subject to new and conflicting laws and regulations. In addition, public and governmental perceptions regarding the use and impact of AI may evolve over time. Such developments may result in the introduction of regulatory restrictions that target products and services capable of enabling or facilitating AI and may in the future result in additional restrictions impacting some or all of our product and service offerings. Public perception of our role in the proliferation of AI may elevate the risk of threats to our facilities and our employees. Any of these matters may give rise to legal liability, damage our reputation, and materially harm our business. Further, these factors may change the overall perception, use and adoption of AI by third parties, which could adversely impact demand for our products.To stay competitive, we need a highly skilled, global workforce and effective succession management for key roles. Competition for highly skilled talent can be intense, particularly as continued growth and investment across the industry increases demand for individuals with specialized technical, operational, leadership, and other critical skills. Our competitors and other companies seeking similar talent may target individuals within our organization who possess desired skills and experience, which could make it more difficult to attract, retain, and motivate key employees. If our total compensation programs, benefits, and workplace culture are not seen as competitive and inclusive, our ability to attract and retain talent could be compromised.Intense competition for talent can lead to increased compensation costs. Significant attrition and delays in replacing employees can result in a loss of critical skills, reduced morale, business disruptions, inefficiencies during transitions, and increased expenses. Additionally, changes to immigration policies and travel restrictions due to public health crises or other causes may limit our ability to hire, retain, or transfer talent to specific locations. Our business success depends on our ability to attract, retain, and motivate key talent. Failure to do so could inhibit our ability to maintain or expand operations and adversely impact our operating results.37 | 2026 10-KTable of ContentsLabor disputes, union activity, work stoppages, or other disruptions at our manufacturing facilities could cause significant business interruption and materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition.We rely on a large, skilled workforce to operate our semiconductor manufacturing facilities worldwide. A substantial portion of our global production capacity is concentrated in several of our manufacturing facilities, and our wafer fabrication output depends on their continued, uninterrupted operation.Certain of our employees have formed or joined labor unions, and additional unionization efforts may occur in the future. Labor unions representing a portion of our workforce have been engaged in union organizing and collective bargaining activities, including formal mediations (which, if not successful, could permit strike actions), and public demands for revised incentive structures. Such disputes could escalate rapidly and affect manufacturing output across the industry. Even a brief disruption could result in substantial losses of production volume, reduced manufacturing yields, damage to work-in-process inventory, and delays in fulfilling customer orders. Such disruptions could also impair our ability to meet delivery schedules under strategic customer agreements, which could result in contractual liability, loss of customer confidence, or diversion of customer demand to competing suppliers.The resolution of labor disputes may require us to increase wages, benefits, or incentive compensation, implement new profit-sharing or bonus programs, or make other concessions, any of which could significantly increase our manufacturing costs. We may also incur substantial costs in connection with labor negotiations, mediation or arbitration proceedings, and related legal or advisory expenses. We may not be able to resolve labor disputes on terms acceptable to us, and any resolution may be materially more costly than our existing compensation arrangements.We cannot predict whether or when a strike or other work stoppage may occur at our facilities, the duration or severity of any such action, or the extent of any resulting business interruption. Even without actual work stoppage, prolonged labor negotiations, threats of strike action, and related workforce uncertainty may adversely affect employee morale and productivity, increase attrition of skilled employees, complicate our ability to recruit and retain the skilled engineers and technicians essential to our operations, and harm our reputation.We and many of our customers have adopted responsible sourcing programs that require us to meet certain sustainability, governance, or other criteria, and to periodically report on our performance against these requirements, including that we source the materials, supplies, and services we use and incorporate into the products we sell as prescribed by these programs. Many customer programs require us to remove a supplier within a prescribed period if such supplier ceases to comply with prescribed criteria, and our supply chain may at any time contain suppliers at risk of being removed due to non-compliance with responsible sourcing requirements. Some of our customers may elect to disqualify us as a supplier (resulting in a permanent or temporary loss of sales to such customer) or reduce purchases from us if we are unable to verify that our performance or products (including the underlying supply chain) meet the specifications of our customers’ responsible sourcing programs on a continuous basis. Government actions affecting industry associations, responsible sourcing organizations, auditing firms, certification providers, standards bodies, or other supply chain compliance organizations could impair our or our suppliers' ability to verify compliance with customer, regulatory, or responsible sourcing requirements, increase costs, delay supplier qualification, limit available sources of supply, or result in customer disqualification or reduced purchases. Meeting responsible sourcing requirements may increase operating requirements and costs or limit the sourcing and availability of some of the materials, supplies, and services we use, particularly when the availability of such materials, supplies, and services is concentrated to a limited number of suppliers. From time to time, we remove suppliers or require our suppliers to remove suppliers from their supply chains based on our responsible sourcing requirements or customer requirements, and we or our suppliers may be unable to replace such removed suppliers in a timely or cost-effective manner. Any inability to replace removed suppliers in a timely or cost-effective manner may affect our ability and/or the cost to obtain sufficient quantities of materials, supplies, and services necessary for the manufacture of our products. Our inability to replace suppliers we have removed in a timely or cost-effective manner or comply with customers’ responsible sourcing requirements or with any related regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. We actively manage these issues and have established and publicly announced certain sustainability goals, commitments, and targets which we may refine or modify further in the future. These goals, commitments, and targets reflect our current plans and aspirations and are not guarantees that we will be able to achieve them. Achieving these goals may entail significant costs. For example, we have entered into several virtual power purchase agreements to obtain renewable energy credits at a cost that will vary based on future prices for electrical power. Evolving stakeholder expectations and our efforts to manage these issues, report on them, and accomplish our goals present numerous operational, regulatory, reputational, financial, legal, and other risks, any of which could have a material adverse impact, including on our reputation and stock price.Such risks and uncertainties include:•reputational harm, including damage to our relationships with customers, suppliers, investors, governments, or other stakeholders; •adverse impacts on our ability to manufacture and sell products and maintain our market share;•the success of our collaborations with third parties;•loss of business due to failure to meet our customers’ sustainability targets;•increased risk of litigation, investigations, or regulatory enforcement action;•unfavorable sustainability and governance ratings or investor sentiment;•diversion of resources and increased costs to control, assess, and report on sustainability and governance metrics;•our ability to achieve our goals, commitments, and targets within timeframes announced;•increased costs to achieve our goals, commitments, and targets;•unforeseen operational and technological difficulties;39 | 2026 10-KTable of Contents•access to and increased cost of capital; and•adverse impacts on our stock price.Opinions, perspectives, and expectations on sustainability and governance matters may differ amongst our stakeholders and may evolve over time. We have been and may continue to be subject to conflicting expectations and views on various matters, and legal requirements and interpretations may change. Any failure, or perceived failure, to meet evolving stakeholder expectations and industry standards or achieve our sustainability and governance goals, commitments, and targets could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, or stock price.In addition, external standards for measuring and reporting sustainability metrics may change over time and may result in cost increases, significant revisions to our strategies and targets, or impact our ability to achieve them. Compliance with these laws and regulations, as well as increased scrutiny from regulators, customers, and other stakeholders on our sustainability practices, could result in additional costs and expose us to new risks. Any scrutiny of our sustainability disclosures, our failure to achieve related strategies and targets, or our failure to disclose our sustainability measures consistent with applicable laws and regulations or to the satisfaction of regulators or our stakeholders could negatively impact our reputation or result in penalties, fines, or other adverse consequences.Acquisitions and/or strategic transactions, including strategic investments, involve numerous risks.The global memory and storage industry has experienced consolidation and may continue to consolidate. We engage, from time to time, in discussions regarding potential acquisitions and similar opportunities. 40Table of ContentsIn addition, we have made, and may continue to make, strategic investments in companies within our ecosystem to further our strategic objectives. These investments may subject us to losses on all or part of our investment and to earnings volatility, and there is no guarantee that we will realize a return on our investment to the extent we expect, or at all. To the extent any of the companies in which we invest are not successful, we could recognize an impairment and/or lose all or part of our investment.We may incur restructure charges in future periods and may not realize expected savings or other benefits from restructure plans. We may not realize expected savings or other benefits from future restructure activities and may incur additional restructure charges or other losses in future periods associated with other initiatives. In connection with any restructure initiatives, we could incur restructure charges, loss of production output or sufficient customer demand to maintain scale, loss of key personnel, disruptions in our operations, difficulties in the timely delivery of products, and loss of customers and local market share, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.We maintain a system of controls over our intellectual property, including U.S. Despite our system of controls over our intellectual property, it may be possible for our current or future competitors to obtain, copy, use, or disclose, illegally or otherwise, our product and process technology or other proprietary information. The laws of some foreign countries may not protect our intellectual property to the same degree as U.S. laws, and our confidentiality, non-disclosure, and non-compete agreements may be unenforceable or difficult and costly to enforce.Additionally, our ability to maintain and develop intellectual property is dependent upon our ability to attract, develop, and retain highly skilled employees. If our competitors or future entrants into our industry are successful in hiring our employees, they may directly benefit from the knowledge these employees gained while they were under our employment, and this may also negatively impact our ability to maintain and develop intellectual property. Such claims, investigations, inquiries, and proceedings may include, but are not limited to, allegations of anticompetitive conduct, infringement of intellectual property, and claims related to our compliance with securities and other laws. See Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 11. Contingencies.As we continue to focus on developing system solutions with manufacturers of consumer products, including autonomous driving, augmented reality, humanoid robots, AI, and others, we may be exposed to greater potential for personal liability claims against us as a result of consumers’ use of those products. We, our officers, or our directors have been and could continue to be subject to claims of alleged violations of securities laws. Expansion and renovation activities may involve accidents, which could result in project delays, litigation, claims or disputes by our contractors and others, as well as increased insurance costs. While the risks of our construction projects are covered by insurance and contractual indemnities from our contractors, we may not have insurance coverage or rights to indemnity for all risks. Additionally, while we maintain insurance coverage for certain claims and liabilities, there can be no assurance that we are adequately insured to protect against all claims and potential liabilities, and we may elect to self-insure with respect to certain matters. Exposures to various legal proceedings and claims, with or without merit, could require significant attention from our management and could lead to significant costs and expenses as we defend claims, are required to pay damage awards, or enter into settlement agreements, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.Claims that our products or manufacturing processes infringe or otherwise violate the intellectual property rights of others, or failure to obtain or renew license agreements covering such intellectual property, could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition. We are unable to predict the outcome of these assertions made against us. Any of these types of claims, regardless of the merits, could subject us to significant costs to defend or resolve such claims and may consume a substantial portion of management’s time and attention.We may not be able to take any of the actions described above on commercially reasonable terms and any of the foregoing results could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. See Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 11. Contingencies.We have a number of intellectual property license agreements. Some of these license agreements require us to make one-time or periodic payments. We may need to obtain additional licenses or renew existing license agreements in the future. We are unable to predict whether these license agreements can be obtained or renewed on terms acceptable to us. The failure to obtain or renew licenses as necessary could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.International trade disputes, geopolitical tensions, and military conflicts have led, and continue to lead, to new and increasing export restrictions, trade barriers, tariffs, and other measures, as well as retaliatory actions, that can increase our manufacturing costs, make our products less competitive, reduce demand for our products, limit our ability to sell to certain customers or markets, limit our ability to procure or increase our costs for components or raw materials, impede or slow the movement of our goods across borders, impede our ability to perform R&D activities, or otherwise restrict our ability to conduct operations. For example, following the May 2023 decision of its cybersecurity review of our products sold in China, the CAC determined that critical information infrastructure operators in China may not purchase Micron products, impacting our revenue with companies headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, including direct sales, as well as indirect sales through distributors. Further actions by the Chinese government, through CAC action or other means, could impact revenue inside or outside China, or our operations in China, or our ability to ship products to our customers, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. We cannot predict what actions may be taken with respect to export regulations, tariffs, or other trade regulations between the United States and other countries, what products or companies may be subject to such actions, or what actions may be taken by other countries in retaliation. For example, increasing geopolitical tensions have resulted in new and proposed export controls associated with products, including those that support or enable AI applications, which could, in turn, restrict future sales of certain products to China or other markets, or restrict our ability to obtain equipment, components, and raw materials. Similarly, new and proposed tariffs in the United States, China, or other markets on products, materials, and equipment may increase our selling costs, thus impacting demand for our products. On April 14, 2025, the U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security announced the initiation of investigations into the industry on the effects on U.S. national security of imports of semiconductors under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. While the results of this investigation are currently unknown, the investigation may result in additional industry-wide tariffs and trade restrictions, which may adversely impact our business. Such changes may also result in reputational harm to us, the development or adoption of technologies that compete with our products, long-term changes in global trade and technology supply chains, or negative impacts on our customers’ products which incorporate our solutions. On February 20, 2026, the administration announced they would initiate new trade investigations under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974. We may take actions to mitigate the impact of increases in tariffs and changes in trade policies, and any such actions could result in additional costs, manufacturing delays, or other difficulties, as well as additional risks, and may not be effective. Any of the effects described in this risk factor could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. Although we have policies, controls, and procedures designed to help ensure compliance with applicable laws, there can be no assurance that our employees, contractors, suppliers, or agents will not violate such laws or our policies. Violations of trade laws, restrictions, or regulations can result in fines; criminal sanctions against us or our officers, directors, or employees; prohibitions on the conduct of our business; and damage to our reputation.We are subject to income taxes in the United States and many foreign jurisdictions.Changes to income tax laws and regulations, or the interpretation of such laws, in any of the jurisdictions in which we operate could significantly increase our effective tax rate and ultimately reduce our cash flows from operating activities and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. Recent U.S. tax legislation, including the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, may increase tax uncertainty, with potential impacts dependent on future regulatory guidance and interpretations. We continue to monitor for additional guidance and legislative changes related to Pillar Two in the jurisdictions where we operate.We and others are subject to a variety of complex and evolving laws, regulations, or industry standards, including with respect to environmental, health, safety, and product considerations, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.The manufacture of our products requires the use of facilities, equipment, chemicals, and materials that are subject to a broad array of laws and regulations in numerous jurisdictions in which we operate. Additionally, we are subject to a variety of other laws and regulations relative to the construction, maintenance, and operations of our facilities. Any changes in laws, regulations, or industry standards could cause us to incur additional direct costs, as well as increased indirect costs related to our relationships with our customers and suppliers, and otherwise harm our operations and financial condition. Any failure to comply with laws, regulations, or industry standards could adversely impact our reputation and our financial results. Additionally, we engage various third parties as sales channel partners or to represent us or otherwise act on our behalf who are also subject to a broad array of laws, regulations, and industry standards. Our engagement with these third parties may also expose us to risks associated with their respective compliance with laws and regulations. Such laws, regulations, or industry standards could require us to alter our product design, manufacturing, and operations and incur additional direct costs for compliance, as well as increased indirect costs resulting from our customers, suppliers, or both incurring additional compliance costs that are passed on to us. These costs may adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. 44Table of ContentsWhile we maintain insurance for certain potential liabilities, such insurance does not cover all types and amounts of potential liabilities and is subject to various exclusions, as well as caps on recoverable amounts. Our insurance may not be adequate or otherwise cover all claims, penalties, fines, expenses, regulatory actions, litigation, sanctions, other liabilities or losses, and may not continue to be available on acceptable terms or at all.Compliance with, or our failure, or the failure of our third-party sales channel partners or agents, to comply with, laws, regulations, or industry standards could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.Risks Related to Capitalization and Financial MarketsWe may be unable to generate sufficient cash flows or obtain access to external financing necessary to fund our operations, make scheduled debt payments, and make adequate capital investments. To develop new product and process technology, support future growth, achieve operating efficiencies, and maintain product quality, we must make significant capital investments in manufacturing technology, capital equipment, facilities, R&D, and product and process technology.From time to time, we utilize external sources of financing when needed. Adverse conditions in the banking system, debt capital markets, or broader financial markets could reduce available sources of liquidity or limit our ability to obtain financing on acceptable terms. We have experienced volatility in our cash flows and operating results and we expect to continue to experience such volatility in the future, which may negatively affect our credit rating. Our credit rating may also be affected by our liquidity, financial results, economic risk, or other factors, which may increase the cost of borrowings and make it difficult for us to obtain financing on terms acceptable to us or at all. Our inability to do any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.Debt obligations could adversely affect our financial condition.We have incurred in the past, and expect to incur in the future, debt to finance our capital investments, business acquisitions, and to realign our capital structure. As of September 3, 2026, we had debt with a carrying value of $5.18 billion and may incur additional debt, including under our $2.00 billion Revolving Credit Facility.45 | 2026 10-KTable of ContentsOur ability to meet our payment obligations under our debt instruments depends on our ability to generate significant cash flows or obtain external financing in the future. This, to some extent, is subject to market, economic, financial, competitive, legislative, and regulatory factors, as well as other factors that are beyond our control. There can be no assurance that our business will generate cash flow from operations, or that additional capital will be available to us, in amounts sufficient to enable us to meet our debt payment obligations and to fund other liquidity needs. Additionally, events and circumstances may occur which would cause us to not be able to satisfy applicable draw-down conditions and utilize our Revolving Credit Facility. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows to service our debt payment obligations or satisfy our debt covenants, we may need to refinance, restructure, or amend the terms of our debt, sell assets, reduce or delay capital investments, or seek to raise additional capital. If we are unable to implement one or more of these alternatives, we may be unable to meet our debt payment obligations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.Changes in foreign currency exchange rates could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition.The substantial majority of our sales are transacted in the U.S. dollar; however, across our global operations, significant transactions and balances are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (our reporting currency), primarily the Canadian dollar, Chinese yuan, euro, Indian rupee, Japanese yen, Malaysian ringgit, New Taiwan dollar, and Singapore dollar. In addition, a significant portion of our manufacturing costs are denominated in some of the foreign currencies mentioned above. Exchange rates for some of these currencies against the U.S. dollar have been volatile and may be volatile in future periods. If these currencies strengthen against the U.S. dollar, our manufacturing costs could significantly increase. Exchange rates for the U.S. dollar that adversely change against our foreign currency exposures could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.We are subject to counterparty default risks.We have numerous arrangements with financial institutions that subject us to counterparty default risks, including cash deposits, investments, and derivative instruments. As a result, we are subject to the risk that the counterparty will default on its performance obligations. A counterparty may not comply with its contractual commitments which could then lead to its defaulting on its obligations with little or no notice to us, which could limit our ability to mitigate our exposure. Additionally, our ability to mitigate our exposures may be constrained by the terms of our contractual arrangements or because market conditions prevent us from taking effective action. In the event of such default, we could incur significant losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.The trading price of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile.Our common stock has experienced substantial price volatility in the past and may continue to do so in the future. Additionally, we, the technology industry, and the stock market as a whole have on occasion experienced extreme stock price and volume fluctuations that have affected stock prices in ways that may have been unrelated to the specific operating performance of individual companies. These fluctuations may not be related to our specific financial or operating performance or our expectations regarding our financial or operating performance. In addition, stock price fluctuations could impact the value of our equity compensation, which could affect our ability to recruit and retain employees. Investors in our common stock may not realize any return on their investment in us and may lose some or all of their investment. Volatility in the trading price of our common stock could also result in the filing of securities class action litigation matters, which could result in substantial costs and the diversion of management time and resources.The amount and frequency of our share repurchases may fluctuate, and we cannot guarantee that we will purchase all of the shares under our share repurchase authorization, or that it will enhance long-term shareholder value. Share repurchases could also increase the volatility of the trading price of our stock and would diminish our cash reserves.16 billion remains, the authorization does not obligate us to repurchase any common stock. The amount, frequency, and execution of our share repurchases pursuant to our share repurchase authorization may fluctuate based on our operating results, cash flows, restrictions applicable under our CHIPS Act direct funding agreements, and priorities for the use of cash for other purposes. On October 8, 2026, our Board of Directors authorized an increase in the maximum amount of discretionary repurchases of our outstanding common stock to be made from December 9, 2026 to $35. See Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 12. Equity, as well as Note 15. Government Incentives.66 billion of repurchases. Cash uses that could impact our repurchases include, but are not limited to, operational spending, capital spending, acquisitions, and repayment of debt. Other factors, including changes in tax laws, could also impact our share repurchases. We cannot guarantee that we will purchase all of the shares under our share repurchase authorization or that it will enhance long-term shareholder value. The repurchase authorization could affect the trading price of our stock and increase volatility, and any announcement of a pause in, or termination of, this program may result in a decrease in the trading price of our stock. In addition, this program is a use of cash, which may reduce the availability of cash for other business purposes, including investments, acquisitions, dividends, or repayment of indebtedness.There can be no assurance that we will continue to declare cash dividends in any particular amounts or at all.Our Board of Directors has adopted a dividend policy pursuant to which we currently pay a cash dividend on our common shares on a quarterly basis. The declaration and payment of any dividend is subject to the approval of our Board of Directors and our dividend may be discontinued or reduced at any time. There can be no assurance that we will declare cash dividends in the future in any particular amounts, or at all.Future dividends, if any, and their timing and amount, may be affected by, among other factors: our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, business conditions, debt service obligations, contractual restrictions, industry practice, legal requirements, regulatory constraints, and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant. A reduction in or elimination of our dividend payments could have a negative effect on the trading price of our stock. In addition, the payment of dividends is a use of cash, which may reduce the availability of cash for other business purposes, including investments, acquisitions, or repayment of indebtedness. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNone.ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY Risk Management and StrategyWe have established policies and processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risk from cybersecurity threats and have integrated these processes into our overall risk management systems and processes. We have aligned our cybersecurity program with recognized security frameworks, such as NIST-CSF (National Institute of Standard and Technologies – CyberSecurity Framework). We conduct regular risk assessments to identify cybersecurity threats, as well as assessments in the event of a material change in our business practices that may affect information systems that are vulnerable to such cybersecurity threats. These risk assessments include identification of reasonably foreseeable internal and external risks, the likelihood and potential damage that could result from such risks, and the sufficiency of existing policies, procedures, systems, and safeguards in place to manage such risks. Following these risk assessments, we implement and maintain reasonable safeguards to minimize identified risks, reasonably address any identified gaps in existing safeguards, and regularly monitor the effectiveness of our safeguards. We devote significant resources and designate high-level personnel, including our Chief Security Officer and Chief Information Officer, to manage the risk assessment and mitigation process.We have implemented technical solutions that are designed to protect our information systems from cybersecurity threats, including firewalls, intrusion prevention and detection systems, anti-malware functionality, and access controls. We regularly evaluate, monitor, and improve these solutions. As part of our overall risk management system, we monitor and test our safeguards and train our employees on these safeguards, in collaboration with human resources, information technology, legal, compliance and ethics, and management. Personnel at all levels and departments are made aware of our cybersecurity policies through periodic trainings.We periodically engage assessors, consultants, auditors, or other third parties in connection with our risk assessment processes. These service providers assist us to design, implement, or assess our cybersecurity policies and procedures, as well as to monitor and test our safeguards. We work with our third-party suppliers and service providers to address the use of appropriate security measures in connection with their work with us.We evaluate cybersecurity incidents individually and in the aggregate to assess materiality. Like any other technology company operating in today’s environment, we have experienced incidents in the past and may experience them in the future. However, we have not experienced any cybersecurity incidents that have been determined to be material. For additional information regarding risks from cybersecurity threats, and their effect on our company, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition, please see Item 1A. Risk Factors, “Risks Related to Our Business, Operations, and Industry—Breaches of our security systems or products, systems failures, interruptions, delays in service, catastrophic events, and resulting interruptions in the availability of our systems or those of our customers, suppliers, or business partners, could expose us to losses.”GovernanceOne of the key functions of our Board of Directors is informed oversight of our risk management processes, including risks from cybersecurity threats. Our executive officers are responsible for the day-to-day management of the material risks we face. Our Board of Directors administers its cybersecurity risk oversight function directly as a whole, as well as through the Audit Committee. Our Audit Committee oversees monitoring and incident response, risk mitigation, supply chain security, product security, insider trust, and other security-related items, and are primarily responsible to assess and manage our material risks from cybersecurity threats. Our Chief Security Officer monitors and stays informed about prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation efforts through regular communication and reporting from our security team, the use of technological tools and software, and results from third-party assessments. In addition, our Chief Security Officer and our Chief Information Officer provide annual briefings to the Board of Directors on cybersecurity risks and activities. 48Table of Contents.

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