Risk Factors Dashboard

Risk Factors Related to the Regulation of Digital Assets, the Fund and the Shares

Risk Factors Related to the Cayman Islands

Risk Factors Related to Potential Conflicts of Interest

Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, the terms “we,” “our” and “us” in this Annual Report refer to the Manager acting on behalf of the Fund.

Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1. Business

Overview of the Fund and the Shares

Grayscale CoinDesk Crypto 5 ETF (the “Fund”) was constituted as a Cayman Islands limited liability company on January 25, 2018 (the inception of the Fund) and commenced operations on February 1, 2018. The Fund’s purpose is to hold the digital assets that make up the CoinDesk 5 Index (the “CD5” or the “Index”), as rebalanced from time to time, subject to the Manager’s discretion to exclude individual digital assets in certain rules-based circumstances.

On September 18, 2025, the Fund changed its name from Grayscale Digital Large Cap Fund LLC to Grayscale CoinDesk Crypto 5 ETF. The Fund issues common units of fractional undivided beneficial interest (“Shares”), which represent ownership in the Fund.

The Fund’s registration statement on Form S-3 relating to its continuous public offering of Shares was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on September 18, 2025, and the Shares were listed and began trading on NYSE Arca, Inc. (“NYSE Arca”) under the symbol “GDLC” on September 19, 2025 (the “Uplisting Date”). In connection with the uplisting of the Shares, the Manager authorized the commencement of the Fund’s redemption program.

Grayscale Investments Sponsors, LLC (“GSIS” or the “Manager”), a consolidated subsidiary of Digital Currency Group, Inc. (“DCG”), is the manager of the Fund. (“DCG”), became Co-Managers of the Fund. The Bank of New York Mellon is the transfer agent (in such capacity, the “Transfer Agent”) and the administrator (in such capacity, the “Administrator”) of the Fund, Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company is the co-transfer agent of the Fund (the “Co-Transfer Agent”), Coinbase, Inc. is the prime broker (the “Prime Broker”) of the Fund, Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC is the custodian of the Fund (the “Custodian” and together with the Prime Broker, the “Custodial Entities”).

The Fund issues Shares only in one or more blocks of 10,000 Shares (a block of 10,000 Shares is called a “Basket”) to certain authorized participants (“Authorized Participants”) from time to time.

The Fund creates Baskets of Shares only upon receipt of digital assets and redeems Shares only by distributing digital assets or proceeds from the disposition of digital assets. At this time, Authorized Participants may only submit orders to create or redeem Shares through transactions that are referred to as “Cash Orders” in this Annual Report. For a more detailed description of the Index and the Index Price, see “—The Index Prices.” For a more detailed description of the creation and redemption procedures, see “—Description of Creation and Redemption of Shares.”

The Shares are neither interests in nor obligations of the Manager. As provided under the Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement establishing and governing the operations of the Fund, as may be amended from time to time (the “LLC Agreement”), the Fund’s assets will not be loaned or pledged, or serve as collateral for any loan, margin, rehypothecation, or other similar activity to which the Manager, the Fund or any of their respective affiliates are a party.

The Manager maintains an internet website at etfs.grayscale.com/gdlc, through which the Fund’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), are made available free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they have been filed with or furnished to the SEC. The Manager also uses etfs.grayscale.com/gdlc as a means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with the Fund’s disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Additional information regarding the Fund may also be found on the SEC’s EDGAR database at www.sec.gov.

The contents of the websites referred to above and any websites referred to herein are not incorporated into this filing or any other reports or documents we file with or furnish to the SEC. Further, our references to the URLs for these websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.

Investment Objective and Principal Investment Strategy

Investment Objective

The Fund’s investment objective is for the value of the Shares (based on NAV per Share) to reflect the value of the digital assets held by the Fund (the “Fund Components”), determined by reference to their respective Index Prices and weightings within the Fund, plus any cash held by the Fund, less the Fund’s expenses and other liabilities.

In the event the Shares trade at a substantial premium or discount, investors who purchase Shares on NYSE Arca will pay substantially more or less, respectively, than the Fund’s NAV per Share. See “—Secondary Market Trading.”

Principal Investment Strategy

In seeking to achieve its investment objective, the Fund holds the Fund Components. The Fund provides investors with the opportunity to gain exposure to the prices of the Fund Components through Shares held in a traditional brokerage account, without the barriers to entry or risks involved with holding or transferring the Fund Components directly, acquiring them from a Digital Asset Trading Platform, or otherwise obtaining direct exposure to the Fund Components.

The Fund is a passive investment vehicle that does not seek to pursue any investment strategy beyond tracking the price of the Fund Components. Other than through the quarterly rebalancing described under “—Fund Construction Criteria — Rebalancing,” the Fund will not actively manage the portfolio, and no attempt will be made to protect against or to take advantage of fluctuations in the prices of the Fund Components held by the Fund. Other than through the quarterly rebalancing described under “—Rebalancing” above, the Manager has not, and does not, intend to actively manage the Fund portfolio in response to price changes in the Fund Components held by the Fund at any given time. The Fund will not utilize leverage, derivatives or any similar arrangements in seeking to meet its investment objective.

Secondary Market Trading

The Shares may trade on NYSE Arca or any other marketplace or alternative trading system on which the Shares may then be listed, quoted or traded (the “Secondary Market”) at prices that are lower or higher than the NAV per Share. The amount of the discount or premium in the trading price relative to the NAV per Share may be influenced by non-concurrent trading hours and liquidity between NYSE Arca and larger Digital Asset Trading Platforms. While the Shares are listed and trade on NYSE Arca from 4:00 a.m. until 8:00 p.m., New York time, liquidity in the Digital Asset Markets may fluctuate depending upon the volume and availability of larger Digital Asset Trading Platforms. As a result, during periods in which Digital Asset Market liquidity is limited or a major Digital Asset Trading Platform is off-line, trading spreads, and the resulting premium or discount, on the Shares may widen.

Fund Construction Criteria

Effective June 5, 2025, the Fund uses the CD5 Methodology to construct the Fund’s portfolio. The following describes the CD5 Methodology.

CD5 Methodology

Index Universe

The digital assets that make up the CD5 (the “Index Components”) are drawn from the Index Universe meeting the following criteria (the “Index Universe”): (i) the digital asset must be ranked in the top 250 by market capitalization, excluding stablecoins; (ii) the digital asset must be able to support an applicable index price by nature of its inclusion on a sufficient amount of digital asset trading platforms and volume metrics; (iii) the digital asset must not be a “wrapped token,” “pegged token,” or “liquid-staked asset,” a “gas only token,” a “memecoin,” a “privacy-focused” token, each as defined by the Index Provider, or an asset that meets the definition of a security as determined by the Index Provider; and (iv) the digital asset must be listed as a USD and/or U.S. Dollar Coin (“USDC”) pair on a minimum of three trading platforms that contribute to the applicable Index Price and such trading platform must meet the following requirements: (a) at least one listing has existed for the previous 90 days; (b) at least one digital trading platform is a Category 1 Trading Platform; and (c) there has been 30 consecutive days of non-zero volume on all three trading platforms described above.

Eligibility and Weighting

Under the CD5 Methodology and subject to the below, a digital asset included in the CD5 Index Universe will generally be eligible for inclusion in the CD5 as an Index Component, and thus the Fund’s portfolio as a Fund Component, if it satisfies market capitalization, liquidity and data availability metrics determined by the Index Provider. Digital assets will be included in the CD5 on a market capitalization-weighted basis. For example, a digital asset with a larger market capitalization will have a higher representation in the CD5, and thus the Fund’s portfolio (unless the Manager excludes the digital asset from the Fund). Market capitalization refers to a digital asset’s market value, as determined by multiplying the number of tokens of such digital asset in circulation by the market price of a token of such digital asset. The market price per token of a Fund Component will be determined by reference to the applicable Index Price. The market capitalization of any digital assets not in the CD5, and therefore not held by the Fund, will be determined based on data that the Index Provider obtains directly from trading platforms and other service providers. Because the Fund creates Shares in exchange for Fund Components on a daily basis, the market capitalization of each Fund Component is calculated, and its Fund Weighting therefore fluctuates, daily in accordance with changes in the market price of such Fund Components.

Inclusion of New Fund Components

In order for a new digital asset to qualify for inclusion in the CD5, and thus the Fund’s portfolio during a Fund Rebalancing Period, it must be included in the Index Universe and included in the CoinDesk 20 Index (the “Selection Universe”).

Inclusion in the Selection Universe

The digital assets that make up the Selection Universe are selected according to the following rules:

Inclusion in the CD5

In order for a digital asset in the Selection Universe to be included in the CD5 and therefore the Fund’s portfolio during a Fund Rebalancing Period, such digital asset must satisfy the following rules: (i) the top four assets by market capitalization in the Selection Universe will automatically be selected for inclusion; (ii) the fifth digital asset selected for inclusion will be a current CD5 constituent unless such digital asset falls below the top six digital assets by market capitalization in the Selection Universe; (iii) if no such current constituent is eligible pursuant to (ii), the digital asset with the largest market capitalization from the remaining Selection Universe will be selected for inclusion. Under ordinary circumstances, the CD5 is intended to have five digital asset constituents.

Outside of the quarterly Index Rebalancing Period, the Index Provider may remove a digital asset as an Index Component from the CD5 under extraordinary circumstances. For example, if an Index Component is determined to be a “security” under the federal securities laws by the SEC, a federal court or other U.S. government agency, it may be removed from the CD5 at a date determined and announced by the Index Provider. In the event the Index Provider removes an Index Component outside of the quarterly rebalancing period, the Manager expects the Fund would rebalance and the relevant digital asset would be removed as a Fund Component as soon as practical.

Index Components Compared to Fund Components

The Fund Components consist of the Index Components except when the Manager determines to exclude a particular Index Component in view of one or more of the following criteria (the “Exclusion Criteria”), as determined in the sole discretion of the Manager:

The Manager will determine whether a particular digital asset that is included or eligible for inclusion in the Fund is a security for purposes of the federal securities laws by considering a number of factors, including the various definitions of “security” under the federal securities laws and federal court decisions interpreting elements of these definitions, such as the U.S. Supreme Court’s decisions in the Howey and Reves cases, as well as reports, orders, press releases, public statements and speeches by the SEC and its staff providing guidance on when a digital asset may be a security for purposes of the federal securities laws. The Manager does not intend to permit the Fund to hold any digital asset that the Manager determines is a security under the federal securities laws, whether that determination is initially made by the Manager itself, or because a federal court upholds an allegation that a digital asset is a security.

The Fund Weightings are generally expected to be the same as the Index Weightings except when one or more digital assets have been excluded from the Fund Components based on the Exclusion Criteria, in which case the Fund Weightings are generally expected to be calculated proportionally to the respective Index Weightings for the remaining Index Components.

The Manager may exclude a digital asset or rebalance the Fund Weighting of an existing Fund Component to the extent its inclusion as a Fund Component or projected Fund Weighting would exceed a threshold that could, in the Manager’s sole discretion, require the Fund to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”) or require the Manager to register as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Advisers Act”).

Rebalancing

The Index Provider reviews the CD5 for rebalancing according to the CD5 Methodology quarterly during a period beginning 30 days before the last business day of each January, April, July, and October (each such period, an “Index Rebalancing Period”). At the start of each Index Rebalancing Period, the Index Provider will apply the CD5 Methodology to determine any changes to the Index Components and the Index Weightings, after which the Manager rebalances the Fund’s portfolio accordingly, subject to application of the Exclusion Criteria. In order to rebalance the Fund’s portfolio, the Manager will (i) determine whether any Fund Components have been removed from the CD5 and should therefore be removed as Fund Components, (ii) determine whether any new digital assets have been added to the CD5 and should therefore be included as Fund Components, and (iii) determine how much cash the Fund holds. If a Fund Component is no longer included in the CD5, the Manager will adjust the Fund’s portfolio by selling such Fund Component in the Digital Asset Markets and using the cash proceeds to purchase additional tokens of the remaining Fund Components and, if applicable, any new Fund Component in proportion to their respective Fund Weightings. If a digital asset not then included in the Fund’s portfolio is newly eligible for inclusion in the Fund’s portfolio because it was added to the CD5 and not excluded through the Exclusion Criteria, the Manager will adjust the Fund’s portfolio by selling tokens of the then-current Fund Components in the Digital Asset Markets in proportion to their respective Fund Weightings and using the cash proceeds to purchase tokens of the newly eligible digital assets.

The Manager rebalances the Fund’s portfolio quarterly during a period beginning on the last business day of each January, April, July and October (each such period, a “Fund Rebalancing Period”).From and after June 5, 2025 the Manager will rebalance the Fund’s portfolio quarterly during a period beginning on the last business day of each January, April, July and October (each such period, a “Fund Rebalancing Period”). The Manager expects each Fund Rebalancing Period to last between one and five business days. The Manager will post on its website the new Fund Components and their respective Fund Weightings at the end of each Fund Rebalancing Period based on the assessment described above. During each Fund Rebalancing Period, the Manager will halt creations and redemptions of Shares. If a Fund Rebalancing Period ends prior to 4:00 p. until 5:00 p. m., New York time, on a business day, the Manager will cause the Fund to resume creations and redemptions on such business day and the Fund will create or redeem Shares in exchange for, respectively, contributions or distributions of cash representing the Cash Portion, if any, plus then-current Fund Components in proportion to their respective Fund Weightings as of the end of such Fund Rebalancing Period, as determined as of 4:00 p.m., New York time, on such business day in the manner set forth under “Part I—Item 1. Business—Description of Creation and Redemption of Shares” in this Annual Report., New York time, on such business day in the manner set forth under “Part I—Item 1. Business—Description of the Fund—Creation of Shares”. If a Fund Rebalancing Period ends after 4:00 p.m., New York time, on a business day, the Manager will cause the Fund to resume creations and redemptions on the following business day.

Under the CD5 Methodology, there are two factors that drive changes in the market capitalization weighting of a Fund Component: (i) increases and decreases in the market price of a Fund Component, which occur daily as prices fluctuate in the digital asset market, and (ii) increases or decreases in the circulating supply of the Fund Component, which occur gradually over extended periods of time for a number of reasons, including in connection with mining or staking activity. Since the daily fluctuation in the market price of each Fund Component is the predominant driver of its market capitalization weighting, the Fund Weighting of each Fund Component will generally dynamically adjust with the market, even without adjustments to such Fund Component’s Fund Weighting, to account for gradual changes in supply. Therefore, the Manager does not expect the Index Provider to cause the CD5 to remove or add tokens of any Index Component during an Index Rebalancing Period, and accordingly the Manager generally does not expect the Fund to sell or purchase tokens of any Fund Component during a Fund Rebalancing Period other than in the event that (i) a Fund Component is eligible for removal, (ii) a new digital asset is eligible for inclusion, or (iii) the Fund holds cash from contributions in connection with the creation of Baskets. However, should the Manager determine that the Fund Weighting of a Fund Component does not accurately reflect its market capitalization due to, among other reasons, material increases or decreases in the circulating supply of such Fund Component that have not been accounted for over the course of prior Fund Rebalancing Periods, the Manager may cause the Fund to purchase or sell additional tokens of such Fund Component during a Fund Rebalancing Period to adjust such Fund Component’s Fund Weighting.

During any Fund Rebalancing Period, the Manager will also generally cause the Fund to use any cash contributed to the Fund as the Cash Portion to purchase additional tokens of all Fund Components then held by the Fund in proportion to their respective Fund Weightings as determined during such Fund Rebalancing Period.During any DLCS Fund Rebalancing Period, the Manager would also generally cause the Fund to use any cash contributed to the Fund as the Cash Portion to purchase additional tokens of all Fund Components then held by the Fund in proportion to their respective DLCS Fund Weightings as determined during such Fund Rebalancing Period.

Other than through the quarterly rebalancing described above, the Manager does not intend to actively manage the Fund portfolio in response to price changes in the Fund Components held by the Fund at any given time. Nevertheless, the Index Provider may remove a digital asset as an Index Component from the CD5 outside of the scheduled Index Rebalancing Period under extraordinary circumstances. In the event the Index Provider removes an Index Component outside of the quarterly rebalancing period, the Manager expects the Fund would rebalance and the relevant digital asset would be removed as a Fund Component as soon as practical.

Fiat Currencies

The Fund may also hold cash in U.S. dollars from time to time due to sales of digital assets during a Fund Rebalancing Period, or contributions of cash to the Fund, as described in more detail under “Description of Creation and Redemption of Shares.” The Manager does not currently expect to hold cash for a period of more than 90 days and intends to use any cash held by the Fund to purchase additional tokens of the Fund Components then held by the Fund in proportion to their respective Weightings during the next Fund Rebalancing Period. The foregoing notwithstanding, the Manager may, in its sole discretion, decide to cause the Fund to hold cash for longer than 90 days and to use any cash it holds for any other lawful purpose.

Overview of the Digital Asset Industry and Market

Digital assets are created and transmitted through the operations of peer-to-peer Digital Asset Networks, which are decentralized networks of computers that operate on cryptographic protocols. No single entity owns or operates any Digital Asset Networks, the infrastructure of which are collectively maintained by a decentralized user base. No single entity owns or operates any Digital Asset Network, the infrastructure of which is collectively maintained by a decentralized user base. Digital Asset Networks allow people to exchange tokens of value, which are recorded on public transaction ledgers frequently known as blockchains.

Digital Asset Networks are decentralized in that they do not require governmental authorities or financial institution intermediaries to create, transmit or determine the value of their tokens. Rather, such digital assets are created and allocated by the Digital Asset Network’s protocol, for example through a “mining,” “staking” or other validating process. Most commonly, new digital assets are created and awarded to the miners, stakers or validators of a block in the digital asset’s blockchain for verifying transactions. In other instances, all of the Digital Asset Network’s tokens are created upon the Digital Asset Network’s launch and may be used to pay transaction fees to validators. See “Market Participants—Miners and Proof-of-Work ” for more detail. See “Market Participants—Miners and Validators” for more detail. A digital asset’s blockchain or ledger is effectively a decentralized database that includes all blocks that have been mined by miners, stakers or validators and it is updated to include new blocks as they are mined. Each digital asset transaction is broadcast to the Digital Asset Network and, when included in a block, recorded in the digital asset blockchain or ledger. As each new block records outstanding digital asset transactions, and outstanding transactions are settled and validated through such recording, the digital asset blockchain or ledger represents a complete, transparent and unbroken history of all transactions of the Digital Asset Network.

The value of a digital asset is determined by the supply of and demand for such digital asset on Digital Asset Trading Platforms or in private end-user-to-end-user transactions. Digital assets can be used to pay for goods and services or can be converted to fiat currencies, such as the U.S. dollar, at rates determined on Digital Asset Trading Platforms or in individual end-user-to-end-user transactions under a barter system. Additionally, digital assets can be used to pay for transaction fees to miners, stakers or validators for verifying transactions on the Digital Asset Network. Digital Asset Networks can also be used for more complex purposes. For example, various Digital Asset Networks allow users to run smart contracts, which are general purpose code that autonomously executes on every computer on the relevant network and can instruct the transmission of information and value to facilitate, verify and enforce the negotiation and performance of contracts. On decentralized finance or “DeFi” applications, digital assets are also employed in financial services transactions such as borrowing, lending, custodying, trading, derivatives, asset management and insurance, without the intermediation of a central trusted party such as a bank, custodian, broker-dealer, securities exchange, investment adviser, clearinghouse or transfer agent.

Fund Components

As of June 30, 2026, the aggregate market capitalization of the Fund Components represented approximately 86.8% of the total market capitalization of the digital assets tracked by CoinMarketCap.com. The Fund Components and selected market data as of June 30, 2026 are detailed below:

Bitcoin

Bitcoin is a digital asset that is created and transmitted through the operations of the peer-to-peer Bitcoin network, a decentralized network of computers that operates on cryptographic protocols. No single entity owns or operates the Bitcoin network, the infrastructure of which is collectively maintained by a decentralized user base. The Bitcoin network allows people to exchange tokens of value, called Bitcoin, which are recorded on a public transaction ledger known as a blockchain. Bitcoin can be used to pay for goods and services, or it can be converted to fiat currencies, such as the U.S. dollar, at rates determined on Digital Asset Trading Platforms that trade Bitcoin or in individual end-user-to-end-user transactions under a barter system.

The Bitcoin network was initially contemplated in a white paper that also described Bitcoin and the operating software to govern the Bitcoin network. The white paper was purportedly authored by Satoshi Nakamoto. However, no individual with that name has been reliably identified as Bitcoin’s creator, and the general consensus is that the name is a pseudonym for the actual inventor or inventors. The first Bitcoins were created in 2009 after Nakamoto released the Bitcoin network source code (the software and protocol that created and launched the Bitcoin network). The Bitcoin network uses a proof-of-work consensus mechanism in which miners expend computational resources to validate transactions and add new blocks to the Bitcoin blockchain.

The supply of new Bitcoin is mathematically controlled so that the amount of Bitcoin grows at a limited rate pursuant to a pre-set schedule. The amount of newly minted Bitcoin awarded for solving a new block is automatically halved after every 210,000 blocks are added to the Bitcoin blockchain. The amount of Bitcoin awarded for solving a new block is automatically halved after every 210,000 blocks are added to the Bitcoin blockchain. Currently, the fixed reward for solving a new block is 3.125 Bitcoin per block and this is expected to decrease by half to become 1.5625 Bitcoin after the next 210,000 blocks have entered the Bitcoin network, which is expected to be mid-2028. This deliberately controlled rate of Bitcoin creation means that the amount of Bitcoin in existence will increase at a controlled rate until the amount of Bitcoin in existence reaches the pre-determined 21 million Bitcoin. As of June 30, 2026, approximately 20.1 million Bitcoin were outstanding and the date when the 21 million Bitcoin limitation will be reached is estimated to be the year 2140.

Ethereum

Ethereum (“Ether”) is a digital asset that is created and transmitted through the operations of the peer-to-peer Ethereum network, a decentralized network of computers that operates on cryptographic protocols. No single entity owns or operates the Ethereum network, the infrastructure of which is collectively maintained by a decentralized user base. The Ethereum network allows people to exchange tokens of value, called Ether, which are recorded on a public transaction ledger known as a blockchain. Ether can be used to pay for goods and services, including computational power on the Ethereum network, or it can be converted to fiat currencies, such as the U.S. dollar, at rates determined on Digital Asset Trading Platforms or in individual end-user-to-end-user transactions under a barter system. Furthermore, the Ethereum network also allows users to write and implement smart contracts—that is, general-purpose code that executes on every computer in the network and can instruct the transmission of information and value based on a sophisticated set of logical conditions. Using smart contracts, users can build decentralized apps, create markets, store registries of debts or promises, represent the ownership of property, move funds in accordance with conditional instructions and create digital assets other than Ether on the Ethereum network. Using smart contracts, users can create markets, store registries of debts or promises, represent the ownership of property, move funds in accordance with conditional instructions and create digital assets other than Ether on the Ethereum network. Smart contract operations are executed on the Ethereum blockchain in exchange for payment of Ether. The Ethereum network is one of a number of projects intended to expand blockchain use beyond just a peer-to-peer money system.

The Ethereum network was originally described in a 2013 white paper by Vitalik Buterin, a programmer involved with Bitcoin, with the goal of creating a global platform for decentralized applications powered by smart contracts. Subsequently, the Ethereum Foundation, a Swiss non-profit organization, was set up to oversee the protocol’s development. The Ethereum network went live on July 30, 2015.

In 2021, the Ethereum network implemented the EIP-1559 upgrade. EIP-1559 changed the methodology used to calculate the fees paid to miners (now validators). This new methodology splits fees into two components: a base cost and priority fee. The base cost is now removed from circulation, or “burnt”, and the priority fee is paid to validators. The base cost is 16 now removed from circulation, or “burnt”, and the priority fee is paid to validators. EIP-1559 has reduced the total net issuance of fees, paid in Ether, to validators.

In the second half of 2020, the Ethereum network began the first of several stages of an upgrade that was initially known as “Ethereum 2.0.” and eventually became known as the “Merge” to transition the Ethereum network from a proof-of-work consensus mechanism to a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism. The Merge was completed on September 15, 2022 and the Ethereum network has operated on a proof-of-stake model since such time. As of June 30, 2026, approximately 2,854 Ether are issued per day, though the issuance rate varies based on the number of validators on the network. As of June 30, 2025, following the Merge, approximately 2,650 Ether are issued per day, though the issuance rate varies based on the number of validators on the network. In addition, the issuance of new Ether could be partially or completely offset by the burn mechanism introduced by the EIP-1559 modification, under which Ether are removed from supply at a rate that varies with network usage. On occasion, the Ether supply has been deflationary over a 24-hour period as a result of the burn mechanism. It is possible that the proof-of-stake consensus algorithm and burn mechanism could turn the Ether supply deflationary over the long term.

Solana

SOL is a digital asset that is created and transmitted through the operations of the peer-to-peer Solana network, a decentralized network of computers that operates on cryptographic protocols. No single entity owns or operates the Solana network, the infrastructure of which is collectively maintained by a decentralized user base. The Solana network allows people to exchange tokens of value, called SOL, which are recorded on a public transaction ledger. SOL can be used to pay for goods and services, including to send a transaction on the Solana network, or it can be converted to fiat currencies, such as the U.S. dollar, at rates determined on Digital Asset Trading Platforms or in individual end-user-to-end-user transactions under a barter system. Furthermore, the Solana network was designed to allow users to write and implement smart contracts—that is, general-purpose code that executes on every computer in the network and can instruct the transmission of information and value based on a sophisticated set of logical conditions. Using smart contracts, users can build decentralized apps, create markets, store registries of debts or promises, represent the ownership of property, move funds in accordance with conditional instructions and create digital assets other than SOL on the Solana network. Using smart contracts, users can create markets, store registries of debts or promises, represent the ownership of property, move funds in accordance with conditional instructions and create digital assets other than SOL on the Solana network. Smart contract operations are executed on the Solana Blockchain in exchange for payment of SOL. The Solana network is one of a number of projects intended to expand blockchain use beyond just a peer-to-peer money system.

The Solana protocol was first conceived by Anatoly Yakovenko in a 2017 whitepaper. Development of the Solana network is overseen by the Solana Foundation, a Swiss non-profit organization, and Solana Labs, Inc. (the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, which administered the original network launch and token distribution.

Although the Company and the Solana Foundation continue to exert significant influence over the direction of the development of the Solana project, the Solana network is believed to be decentralized and does not require governmental authorities or financial institution intermediaries to create, transmit or determine the value of SOL.

The Solana protocol introduced the Proof-of-History (“PoH”) timestamping mechanism. PoH automatically orders on-chain transactions by creating a historical record that proves an event has occurred at a specific moment in time. PoH is intended to provide a transaction processing speed and capacity advantage over other blockchain networks like the Bitcoin and Ethereum networks, which rely on sequential production of blocks and can lead to delays caused by validator confirmations.

In addition to the PoH mechanism described above, the Solana network uses a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism to incentivize SOL holders to validate transactions. Unlike proof-of-work, in which miners expend computational resources to compete to validate transactions and are rewarded digital assets in proportion to the amount of computational resources expended, in proof-of-stake, validators risk or “stake” digital assets to compete to be randomly selected to validate transactions and are rewarded coins in proportion to the amount of digital assets staked. Unlike proof-of-work, in which miners expend computational resources to compete to validate transactions and are rewarded coins in proportion to the amount of computational resources expended, in proof-of-stake, validators risk or “stake” coins to compete to be randomly selected to validate transactions and are rewarded coins in proportion to the amount of coins staked. Any malicious activity, such as disagreeing with the eventual consensus or otherwise violating protocol rules, may result in a validator being selected less frequently by a consensus of other validators to validate blocks. Proof-of-stake is viewed as more energy efficient and scalable than proof-of-work and is sometimes referred to as “virtual mining”.

SOL does not have a fixed maximum supply. New SOL are issued as rewards to validators in accordance with the Solana protocol. As of June 30, 2026, approximately 580.9 million SOL were outstanding.

The supply of SOL is mathematically controlled so that the amount of SOL declines at a limited rate over time. This is accomplished through a burning mechanism that permanently removes from circulation 50% of the base transaction fees per block. Additionally, the amount of newly minted SOL awarded for validating is automatically reduced over time. The current baseline schedule reduces the inflation rate by 15% each year, starting from an initial 8% until it hits a permanent long-term floor of 1.5%, though there have been proposals to modify this schedule.

XRP

XRP is a digital asset that is created and transmitted through the operations of the peer-to-peer XRP network, a decentralized network of computers that operates on cryptographic protocols. No single entity owns or operates the XRP network, the infrastructure of which is collectively maintained by a decentralized user base. The XRP network allows people to exchange tokens of value, called XRP, which are recorded on a public transaction ledger. XRP can be used to pay for goods and services, including to send a transaction on the XRP network, or it can be converted to fiat currencies, such as the U.S. dollar, at rates determined on Digital Asset Trading Platforms or in individual end-user-to-end-user transactions under a barter system.

The XRP Ledger was originally developed by David Schwartz, Jed McCaleb, and Arthur Britto in 2011. These developers, as well as Chris Larsen, co-founded the Delaware corporation that became Ripple Labs. Development of the Ripple network is overseen by Ripple and the XRPL Foundation, a French non-profit organization. Although Ripple Labs and the XRP Foundation continue to exert significant influence over the direction of the development of the XRP network, like the Bitcoin network and the Ethereum network, the XRP network is decentralized and does not require governmental authorities or financial institution intermediaries to create, transmit or determine the value of XRP. 18 Although Ripple Labs and the XRP Foundation continue to exert significant influence over the direction of the development of the XRP network, like the Bitcoin network and the Ethereum network, the XRP network is decentralized and does not require governmental authorities or financial institution intermediaries to create, transmit or determine the value of XRP.

The XRP network is based on a shared public ledger, similar to the Bitcoin network. However, the XRP network differentiates itself from other Digital Asset Networks in that its stated primary function is transactional utility, not store of value. However, the XRP network differentiates itself from other digital asset networks in that its stated primary function is transactional utility, not store of value. The XRP network’s

intended function is to allow users or businesses to conduct cross-currency transactions securely and quickly. XRP functions as a bridge token; it facilitates liquidity between any two currencies by acting as a bridge between such currencies.

Two types of parties are required for a transaction to occur on the XRP network: (a) “gateways”, which are typically a financial intermediary, such as a bank, exchange or money transmitter that allows customers to put money into and remove money from the XRP network system; and (b) market makers that facilitate liquidity in the system. Gateways accept payments, issue balances to the distributed ledger maintained by Ripple Labs, and redeem ledger balances against the payments they hold when fiat currency is withdrawn. Gateways share one global ledger on the XRP network. Market makers on the XRP network hold balances in multiple currencies and connect multiple gateways, thus facilitating payments between users where no direct trust exists by enabling exchanges of value across gateways. The XRP network is maintained by a Trusted Nodes List, which is published by Ripple Labs or the XRP Foundation, that accept or reject transactions on the XRP Ledger.

The initial creation of XRP was controlled by Ripple Labs, and Ripple Labs retains a central role in managing the supply and distribution of XRP due to the large quantity of XRP it retains. A total of 100 billion XRP were created at inception, and small transaction fees are permanently removed from the total supply causing its supply to be deflationary over time.

BNB

BNB is a digital asset that is created and transmitted through the operations of the peer-to-peer BNB Smart Chain, a decentralized network of computers that operates on cryptographic protocols. No single entity owns or operates the BNB Smart Chain, the infrastructure of which is collectively maintained by a decentralized user base. No single entity owns or operates the Solana network, the infrastructure of which is collectively maintained by a decentralized user base. The BNB Smart Chain allows people to exchange tokens of value, called BNB, which are recorded on a public transaction ledger known as a blockchain. The Cardano network allows people to exchange tokens of value, called ADA, which are recorded on a public transaction ledger known as a blockchain. BNB can be used to pay for goods and services, including computational power on the BNB Smart Chain, or it can be converted to fiat currencies, such as the U.S. dollar, at rates determined on Digital Asset Trading Platforms or in individual end-user-to-end-user transactions under a barter system. Furthermore, the BNB Smart Chain was designed to allow users to write and implement smart contracts—that is, general-purpose code that executes on every computer in the network and can instruct the transmission of information and value based on a sophisticated set of logical conditions. Furthermore, the Cardano network was designed to allow users to write and implement smart contracts—that is, general-purpose code that executes on every computer in the network and can instruct the transmission of information and value based on a sophisticated set of logical conditions. Using smart contracts, users can build decentralized apps, create markets, store registries of debts or promises, represent the ownership of property, move funds in accordance with conditional instructions and create digital assets other than BNB on the BNB Smart Chain. Using smart contracts, users can create markets, store registries of debts or promises, represent the ownership of property, move funds in accordance with conditional instructions and create digital assets other than ADA on the Cardano network. Smart contract operations are executed on the BNB Smart Chain in exchange for payment of BNB. Smart contract operations are executed on the Solana Blockchain in exchange for payment of SOL. The BNB Smart Chain is one of a number of projects intended to expand blockchain use beyond just a peer-to-peer money system. The Solana network is one of a number of projects intended to expand blockchain use beyond just a peer-to-peer money system.

BNB and the BNB Chain ecosystem was originally created by the digital asset exchange Binance, which was founded by
Changpeng Zhao.

BNB was initially issued in 2017 as an ERC-20 token on the Ethereum network and later migrated to the BNB Chain ecosystem. BNB Smart Chain launched in September 2020 and now serves as the principal smart-contract execution layer of the BNB Chain ecosystem. In 2024, the functions and digital assets of the former BNB Beacon Chain, including BNB, were migrated to BNB Smart Chain, and BNB Beacon Chain was retired. Binance has historically supported, and currently supports, the maintenance, development and promotion of the BNB Chain ecosystem and BNB.

BNB Smart Chain uses a proof-of-staked-authority consensus mechanism under which active validators are selected based on the amount of BNB staked to them. The active validators validate transactions and create new blocks, and validators may be penalized for specified misconduct.

BNB was initially issued with a total supply of 200 million tokens, and no additional BNB may be minted. The total supply of BNB is designed to decrease over time toward a target of 100 million BNB through token burn mechanisms that permanently remove BNB from circulation.

Forks and Airdrops

A “hard fork” of a Digital Asset Network occurs when there is a disagreement among users and validators or miners over modifications to a Digital Asset Network, which are typically made through software upgrades and subsequently accepted or rejected through downloads or lack thereof of the relevant software upgrade by users. If less than a substantial majority of users and validators or miners consent to a proposed modification, and the modification is not compatible with the software prior to its modification, a fork in the blockchain results, with one prong running the pre-modified software and the other running the modified software. The effect of such a fork is the existence of two versions of the relevant Digital Asset Network running in parallel, yet lacking interchangeability. After a fork, holders of the original digital asset typically end up holding equal amounts of the original digital asset and the new digital asset.

For example, in July 2017, Bitcoin “forked” into Bitcoin and a new digital asset, Bitcoin Cash, as a result of a several-year dispute over how to increase the speed and number of transactions that the Bitcoin network can process in a given time interval (i.e., transaction throughput).

Forks may also occur after a significant security breach. For example, in June 2016, a smart contract developed and deployed on the Ethereum network was hacked and approximately $60 million worth of Ether were stolen, which resulted in most participants in the Ethereum ecosystem electing to adopt a hard fork that effectively reversed the hack. However, a minority of users continued to develop the old blockchain, now referred to as “Ethereum Classic” with the digital asset on that blockchain referred to as “ETC”. Ethereum Classic remains traded on several Digital Asset Trading Platforms.

Additionally, a fork could be introduced by an unintentional, unanticipated software flaw in the multiple versions of otherwise compatible software users run for any given digital asset. Such a fork could adversely affect the digital asset’s viability. It is possible, however, that a substantial number of users and validators or miners could adopt an incompatible version of the network while resisting community-led efforts to merge the two chains, resulting in a permanent fork.

In addition to forks, a digital asset may become subject to a similar occurrence known as an “airdrop.” In an airdrop, the promoters of a new digital asset announce to holders of another digital asset that they will be entitled to claim a certain amount of the new digital asset for free simply by virtue of having held the original digital asset at a certain point in time leading up to the airdrop. For example, in September 2020, the developers of UNI announced that anyone that had participated in a transaction on the Uniswap protocol as of September 1, 2020 could claim 400 UNI.

Fund Component Value

Digital Asset Trading Platform Valuation

The value of digital assets is determined by the value that various market participants place on digital assets through their transactions. The most common means of determining the value of a digital asset is by surveying one or more Digital Asset Trading Platforms where the digital asset is traded publicly and transparently.

Digital Asset Trading Platform Public Market Data

On each online Digital Asset Trading Platform, digital assets are traded with publicly disclosed valuations for each executed trade, measured by one or more fiat currencies such as the U.S. dollar or euro, or stablecoins such as USDC.

Market Participants

Miners and Proof-of-Work

Miners range from digital asset enthusiasts to professional mining operations that design and build dedicated machines and data centers, including mining pools, which are groups of miners that act cohesively and combine their processing power to solve blocks (in the case of PoW) or stake coins (in the case of PoS). When a pool mines a new block, the pool operator receives the digital asset and, after taking a nominal fee, splits the resulting reward among the pool participants based on the processing power each of them contributed to mine such block. Mining pools provide participants with access to smaller, but steadier and more frequent, digital asset payouts.

Under a PoW ecosystem, miners, through the use of a software program, engage in a set of prescribed complex mathematical calculations in order to add a block to the blockchain and thereby confirm transactions included in that block’s data. The mathematical solution to add, or “solve,” a block is called a hash. Miners validate unconfirmed transactions by adding the previously unconfirmed transactions to new blocks in the blockchain. Miners are incentivized to participate in PoW ecosystems because the addition of a block creates new tokens of the applicable digital asset, which are awarded to miners that successfully solve the block.

The significant increase in the number of miners supporting the operations of Digital Asset Networks and the associated increase in mining capacity in recent years have radically increased the difficulty of finding a valid hash on any given digital asset’s network. In some respects, hashing is akin to a mathematical lottery, and miners that have devices with greater processing power (i.e., the ability to make more hash calculations per second) are more likely to be successful miners. Currently, the likelihood that an individual acting alone will be able to solve a block, and thus be awarded digital asset tokens, is extremely low. Currently, the likelihood that an individual acting alone will be able to be solve a block, and thus be awarded digital asset tokens, is extremely low. As a result, although there are individual miners, the vast majority of mining is undertaken by professional mining operations and mining “pools,” which are groups of multiple miners that act cohesively and combine their processing power to solve blocks. When a pool solves a new block, the pool operator receives the digital asset reward and, after taking a nominal fee, splits the resulting amount among the pool participants based on the processing power they each contributed to solve for such block.

Validators and Proof-of-Stake

Unlike PoW, in which miners expend computational resources to compete to validate transactions and are rewarded coins in proportion to the amount of computational resources expended, in PoS, validators risk or “stake” coins to compete to be randomly selected to validate transactions and are rewarded coins in proportion to the amount of coins staked. Any malicious activity, such as validating multiple blocks, disagreeing with the eventual consensus or otherwise violating protocol rules, results in the forfeiture or “slashing” of a portion of the staked coins.

A validator is a node on a PoS blockchain that is responsible for securing the network, storing the history of transactions and confirming the validity of new transactions added to the next block in the chain. When a validator confirms a transaction, the validator receives a fee, sometimes referred to as a block reward. Validators range from digital asset enthusiasts to professional operations that design and build dedicated machines and data centers. During the course of ordering transactions and validating blocks, validators may be able to prioritize certain transactions in return for increased transaction fees, an incentive system known as “Maximal Extractable Value” or MEV. For example, in blockchain networks that facilitate DeFi protocols in particular, such as the Ethereum network, users may attempt to gain an advantage over other users by increasing offered transaction fees. Certain software solutions, such as Flashbots, have been developed which facilitate validators in capturing MEV produced by these increased fees.

Investment and Speculative Sector

This sector includes the investment and trading activities of both private and professional investors and speculators. Historically, larger financial services institutions are publicly reported to have limited involvement in investment and trading in digital assets, although the participation landscape is beginning to change. Currently, there is relatively limited use of digital assets in the retail and commercial marketplace in comparison to relatively extensive use by speculators, and a significant portion of demand for digital assets is generated by speculators and investors seeking to profit from the short- or long-term holding of digital assets.

Retail Sector

The retail sector includes users transacting in direct peer-to-peer digital asset transactions through the direct sending of the digital assets over Digital Asset Networks. The retail sector also includes transactions in which consumers pay for goods or services with digital assets through direct transactions or third-party service providers such as BitPay, Coinbase and GoCoin, although the use of digital assets as a means of payment is still developing.

Service Sector

This sector includes companies that provide a variety of services including the buying, selling, payment processing and storing of digital assets. Coinbase, Crypto.com, Kraken, LMAX Digital, and Bitstamp are some of the largest Digital Asset Trading Platforms by volume traded. Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC, the Custodian for the Fund, is a digital asset custodian that provides custodial accounts that store digital assets for users. As a Digital Asset Network continues to grow in acceptance, it is anticipated that service providers will expand the currently available range of services and that additional parties will enter the service sector for Digital Asset Networks.

Competition

Thousands of digital assets, as tracked by CoinMarketCap.com as of June 30, 2026, have been developed since the inception of Bitcoin, which is currently the most developed digital asset because of the length of time it has been in existence, the investment in the infrastructure that supports it, and the network of individuals and entities that are using Bitcoin in transactions. While digital assets, including the Fund Components, have enjoyed some success in their limited history, the aggregate value of outstanding Fund Components, excluding Bitcoin, is much smaller than that of Bitcoin and may be eclipsed by the more rapid development of other digital assets. Some industry groups have also created private, permissioned blockchains.

Government Oversight

As digital assets have grown in both popularity and market size, the U.S. Congress and a number of U.S. federal and state agencies (including the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, a bureau of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“FinCEN”), the Treasury Department Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), SEC, CFTC, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the Department of Justice, the Department of Homeland Security, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, a bureau of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “IRS”), the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve and state financial institution and securities regulators) have been examining the operations of Digital Asset Networks, digital asset users and the Digital Asset Markets, with particular focus on the extent to which digital assets can be used to launder the proceeds of illegal activities, evade sanctions or fund criminal or terrorist enterprises and the safety and soundness of trading platforms and other service providers that hold or custody digital assets for users. Many of these state and federal agencies have issued consumer advisories regarding the risks posed by digital assets to investors. In addition, federal and state agencies, and other countries and international bodies have issued rules or guidance about the treatment of digital asset transactions or requirements for businesses engaged in digital asset activity. Moreover, the failure of FTX Trading Ltd. (“FTX”) in November 2022 and the resulting market turmoil substantially increased regulatory scrutiny in the United States and globally and led to SEC enforcement actions, criminal investigations, and other regulatory activity across the digital asset ecosystem.

On January 23, 2025, President Trump issued an executive order titled “Strengthening American Leadership in Digital Financial Technology” aimed at supporting “the responsible growth and use of digital assets, blockchain technology, and related technologies

across all sectors of the economy.” The executive order established an interagency working group tasked with “proposing a Federal regulatory framework governing the issuance and operation of digital assets” in the United States. Pursuant to this executive order, the working group released a report in July 2025 outlining the administration's recommendations to Congress and various agencies reflecting the administration's “pro-innovation mindset toward digital assets and blockchain technologies.”

In addition, the SEC, U.S. state securities regulators and several foreign governments have issued warnings and instituted legal proceedings in which they argue that certain digital assets may be classified as securities and that both those digital assets and any related initial coin offerings or other primary and secondary market transactions are subject to securities regulations. For example, in June 2023, the SEC brought charges against Binance Holdings Ltd. (the “Binance Complaint”) and Coinbase, Inc. (the “Coinbase Complaint”), and in November 2023, the SEC brought charges against Kraken (the “Kraken Complaint”), alleging that they operated unregistered securities exchanges, brokerages and clearing agencies. In addition, in November 2023, the SEC brought similar charges against Kraken (the “Kraken Complaint”), alleging that it operated as an unregistered securities exchange, brokerage and clearing agency. In its complaints, the SEC asserted that several digital assets are securities under the federal securities laws. Between February 2025 and May 2025, the SEC entered into court-approved joint stipulations to dismiss each of the Binance Complaint, Coinbase Complaint and the Kraken Complaint. The SEC has terminated its investigation or enforcement action into many other digital asset market participants as well. Additionally, U.S. state and federal, and foreign regulators and legislatures have taken action against virtual currency businesses or enacted restrictive regimes in response to adverse publicity arising from hacks, consumer harm, or criminal activity stemming from virtual currency activity.

On March 17, 2026, the SEC issued an interpretation clarifying how the federal securities laws apply to certain crypto assets and transactions involving crypto assets. The SEC interpretation (i) provides a taxonomy for digital commodities, digital collectibles, digital tools, stablecoins and digital securities; (ii) addresses how a “non-security crypto asset” may become subject to, and how it may cease to be subject to, an investment contract; and (iii) clarifies the application of federal securities laws to airdrops, protocol mining, protocol staking and the wrapping of a non-security crypto asset. The CFTC joined the interpretation to provide guidance that the CFTC and its staff will administer the Commodity Exchange Act consistent with the SEC’s interpretation.

Additionally, on August 18, 2026, the SEC issued a notice of proposed rulemaking titled “Regulation Crypto Asset,” which would create a tailored offering regime for certain investment contracts involving crypto assets. The proposed rule includes a “startup exemption,” which would exempt offerings of up to $5 million from the registration requirements of the Securities Act during a four-year period; a “fundraising exemption” which would exempt offerings of up to $75 million completed during a 12-month period from the registration requirements of the Securities Act; and an “investment contract safe harbor,” which would provide a conditional safe harbor from the term “investment contract” in the definitions of “security” in the Securities Act and the Exchange Act (in each case, subject to conditions). It also would preempt state securities law registration and qualification requirements with respect to offers and sales of covered investment contracts issued pursuant to Regulation Crypto Assets. Regulation Crypto Assets seeks to provide primary-market pathways for projects that cannot comfortably use existing offering exemptions. It would not, however, address the regulatory status of intermediaries that trade crypto assets in the secondary market (e.g., their status as brokers, dealers or exchanges) or hold substantial amounts of crypto asset (e.g., their status as investment companies). At this stage, Regulation Crypto Assets is a proposed rule only; it is not final. The SEC may change it before it becomes a final rule in response to public comment or otherwise.

There have been several bills introduced in Congress that propose to establish additional regulation and oversight of the digital asset markets.There have also been several bills introduced in Congress that propose to establish additional regulation and oversight of the digital asset markets. Certain of these bills passed out of relevant committees and were passed in the House of Representatives in the last Congress, though not the Senate. Some of these bills have since been reintroduced with changes, and continue to be contemplated in the relevant committees, as well as the full House of Representatives and Senate. For example, in July 2025, the GENIUS Act was signed into law and the House of Representatives passed the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act of 2025 (“Clarity Act”) in an effort to pass laws relating to digital asset market structure. For example, in July 2025, the GENIUS Act was signed into law and the House of Representatives passed the CLARITY Act in an effort to pass laws relating to digital asset market structure. It is difficult to predict whether, or when, any of these developments will lead to Congress granting additional authorities to the SEC or other regulators, what the nature of such additional authorities might be, how additional legislation and/or regulatory oversight might impact the ability of digital asset markets to function or how any new regulations or changes to existing regulations might impact the value of digital assets. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Regulation of Digital Assets, the Fund and the Shares—Changes in the securities-law treatment of Fund Components or transactions involving Fund Components under federal or state law could adversely affect the value of the Fund Components and the Shares and require the Fund to change its operations or terminate,” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Regulation of Digital Assets, the Fund and the Shares—Regulatory changes or other events in foreign jurisdictions may affect the value of the Shares or restrict the use of one or more digital assets, mining activity or the operation of their networks or the Digital Asset Markets in a manner that adversely affects the value of the Shares. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Regulation of Digital Assets, the Fund and the Shares—Changes in U.S. or foreign laws, regulations or regulatory actions may prohibit or restrict the use of one or more Fund Components or the operation of their Digital Asset Networks or the Digital Asset Markets, increase the Fund’s costs, impair its ability to operate or require its termination, any of which could adversely affect the value of the Shares.”

Various foreign jurisdictions have, and may continue to, in the near future, adopt laws, regulations or directives that affect a Digital Asset Network, the Digital Asset Markets, and their users, particularly Digital Asset Trading Platforms and service providers that fall within such jurisdictions’ regulatory scope. For example:

There remains significant uncertainty regarding foreign governments’ future actions with respect to the regulation of digital assets and Digital Asset Trading Platforms. Such laws, regulations or directives may conflict with those of the United States and may negatively impact the acceptance of one or more digital assets by users, merchants and service providers outside the United States and may therefore impede the growth or sustainability of the digital asset economy in the United States and globally, or otherwise negatively affect the value of the digital assets held by the Fund. The effect of any future regulatory change on the Fund or the digital assets held by the Fund is impossible to predict, but such change could be substantial and adverse to the Fund and the value of the Shares.

See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Regulation of Digital Assets, the Fund and the Shares—Regulatory changes or other events in foreign jurisdictions may affect the value of the Shares or restrict the use of one or more digital assets, validating or mining activity or the operation of their networks or the Digital Asset Trading Platform Market in a manner that adversely affects the value of the Shares. Regulatory changes or other events in foreign jurisdictions may affect the value of the Shares or restrict the use of one or more digital assets, validating or mining activity or the operation of their networks or the Digital Asset Trading Platform Market in a manner that adversely affects the value of the Shares. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Regulation of Digital Assets, the Fund and the Shares—Regulatory changes or other events in foreign jurisdictions may affect the value of the Shares or restrict the use of one or more digital assets, mining activity or the operation of their networks or the Digital Asset Markets in a manner that adversely affects the value of the Shares. ”

Cayman Islands

Anti-Money Laundering and Countering of Terrorist and Proliferation Financing

In order to comply with legislation or regulations aimed at the prevention of money laundering and the countering of terrorist and proliferation financing the Fund is required to adopt and maintain procedures, and may require prospective investors to provide evidence to verify their identity, the identity of their beneficial owners/controllers (where applicable), and source of funds. Where permitted, and subject to certain conditions, the Fund may also rely upon a suitable person for the maintenance of these procedures (including the acquisition of due diligence information) or otherwise delegate the maintenance of such procedures to a suitable person (a “Relevant AML Person”).

The Fund, or the Relevant AML Person on the Fund’s behalf, reserve the right to request such information as is necessary to verify the identity of a prospective investor (i.e. a subscriber for or a transferee of interests in the Fund) and the identity of their beneficial owners/controllers (where applicable), and their source of subscription funds. Where the circumstances permit, the Fund, or the Relevant AML Person on the Fund’s behalf, may be satisfied that full due diligence is not required upon subscription where a relevant exemption applies under applicable law. However, detailed verification information may be required prior to the payment of any proceeds in respect of, or any transfer of, an interest in the Fund.

In the event of delay or failure on the part of the prospective investor in producing any information required for verification purposes, the Fund, or the Relevant AML Person on the Fund’s behalf, may refuse to accept the application, or if the application has already occurred, may suspend or redeem the interest, in which case any funds received will, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, be returned without interest to the account from which they were originally debited.

The Fund or the Relevant AML Person on the Fund’s behalf, also reserves the right to refuse to make any redemption or distribution payment to a holder of Fund interests if the Fund or the Relevant AML Person on the Fund’s behalf suspect or are advised that the payment of redemption or distribution proceeds to such interest holder may be non-compliant with applicable laws or regulations, or if such refusal is considered necessary or appropriate to ensure the compliance by the Fund or the Relevant AML Person with any applicable laws or regulations.

The Authority has a discretionary power to impose substantial administrative fines upon the Fund in connection with any breaches by the Fund of prescribed provisions of the Anti-Money Laundering Regulations (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands, as amended and revised from time to time, and upon any manager or officer of the Fund who either consented to or connived in the breach, or to whose neglect the breach is proved to be attributable. To the extent any such administrative fine is payable by the Fund, the Fund will bear the costs of such fine and any associated proceedings.

If any person in the Cayman Islands knows or suspects or has reasonable grounds for knowing or suspecting that another person is engaged in criminal conduct or money laundering or is involved with terrorism or terrorist financing and property and the information for that knowledge or suspicion came to their attention in the course of business in the regulated sector, or other trade, profession, business or employment, the person will be required to report such knowledge or suspicion to (i) the Financial Reporting Authority of the Cayman Islands (“FRA”), pursuant to the Proceeds of Crime Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands if the disclosure relates to criminal conduct or money laundering, or (ii) a police officer of the rank of constable or higher, or the FRA pursuant to the Terrorism Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands if the disclosure relates to involvement with terrorism or terrorist financing and property. Such a report shall not be treated as a breach of confidence or of any restriction upon the disclosure of information imposed by any enactment or otherwise.

Investors may obtain details (including contact details) of the current AML Compliance Officer, Money Laundering Reporting Officer and Deputy Money Laundering Reporting Officer of the Fund, by contacting the Manager.

Sanctions

The Fund is subject to laws that restrict it from dealing with entities, individuals, organizations and/or investments which are subject to applicable sanctions regimes.

Accordingly, the Fund will require the subscriber to represent and warrant, on a continuing basis, that it is not, and that to the best of its knowledge or belief its beneficial owners, controllers or authorized persons (“Related Persons”) (if any) are not; (i) named on any list of sanctioned entities or individuals maintained by the US Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control or the United Nations or pursuant to European Union (“EU”) and/or United Kingdom (“UK”) Regulations (as the latter are extended to the Cayman Islands by Statutory Instrument) and/or Cayman Islands legislation; (ii) operationally based or domiciled in a country or territory in relation to which sanctions imposed by the United Nations, OFAC, the EU, the UK and/or the Cayman Islands apply; or (iii) otherwise subject to sanctions imposed by the United Nations, OFAC, the EU or the UK (including as the latter are extended to the Cayman Islands by Statutory Instrument) or the Cayman Islands (collectively, a “Sanctions Subject”).

Where the subscriber or a Related Person is or becomes a Sanctions Subject, the Fund may be required immediately and without notice to the subscriber to cease any further dealings with the subscriber and/or the subscriber’s interest in the Fund until the subscriber or the relevant Related Person (as applicable) ceases to be a Sanctions Subject, or a license is obtained under applicable law to continue such dealings (a “Sanctioned Persons Event”). The Fund and the Manager shall have no liability whatsoever for any liabilities, costs, expenses, damages and/or losses (including but not limited to any direct, indirect or consequential losses, loss of profit, loss of revenue, loss of reputation and all interest, penalties and legal costs and all other professional costs and expenses) incurred by the subscriber as a result of a Sanctioned Persons Event.

In addition, should any investment made on behalf of the Fund subsequently become subject to applicable sanctions, the Fund may immediately and without notice to the subscriber cease any further dealings with that investment until the applicable sanctions are lifted or a license is obtained under applicable law to continue such dealings.

Private Funds Act Regulation

Prior to December 28, 2025, the Fund was registered and regulated as a private fund under the Private Funds Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands (the “Private Funds Act”). On December 28, 2025, the Authority approved the Fund’s application to de-register, and the Fund was de-registered as a private fund under the Private Funds Act.

Beneficial Ownership Regime

Under the Beneficial Ownership Transparency Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands (the “BOTA”), unless a Cayman Islands entity is able to avail itself of an alternative route to compliance, it is required to take reasonable steps to identify its beneficial owners and certain intermediate holding entities, and to maintain a beneficial ownership register at its registered office in the Cayman Islands.

The Fund (or its subsidiaries) may be required to provide beneficial ownership information to its corporate services provider or other authorized contact of the Fund which, in turn, will provide such information to the competent authority in the Cayman Islands. Subscribers will be required, upon request by or on behalf of the Fund (or its subsidiaries), to provide such information and supporting documentation as is required in respect of the subscriber, its owners and/or controllers to satisfy the requirements, present or future, of the BOTA and to update such information and supporting documentation should any relevant change occur thereto.

As a listed entity, in lieu of maintaining a beneficial ownership register, the Fund is permitted to supply the name of the stock exchange on which the Shares are listed, being NYSE Arca.

The Index Prices

The Fund values its digital assets for operational purposes by reference to Index Prices and weightings within the Fund, plus any cash held by the Fund and reduced by the Fund’s expenses and other liabilities. Each Index Price (or Digital Asset Reference Rate, prior to July 1, 2025) is a U.S. dollar-denominated composite reference rate for the price of the applicable digital asset. The Index Prices are designed to (1) mitigate the effects of fraud, manipulation and other anomalous trading activity from impacting the applicable digital asset reference rate, (2) provide a real-time, volume-weighted fair value of the applicable digital asset and (3) appropriately handle and adjust for non-market related events.

The Index Prices are determined by the Index Provider through a process in which trade data is cleansed and compiled in such a manner as to algorithmically reduce the impact of anomalistic or manipulative trading. This is accomplished by adjusting the weight of each data input based on price deviation relative to the observable set, as well as recent and long-term trading volume at each venue relative to the observable set. The Index Prices are calculated using non-GAAP methodology and are used in the Fund’s financial statements.

Constituent Trading Platform Selection

Digital Asset Trading Platforms are selected for inclusion in the Index based on a methodology developed by the Index Provider in alignment with the International Organization of Securities Commissions (“IOSCO”) Principles for Financial Benchmarks. To qualify as a Constituent Trading Platform, a platform is evaluated across the following core criteria listed below (the “Inclusion Criteria”):

Trading platforms that meet these Inclusion Criteria are also required to be licensed and able to serve customers in one or more of the following jurisdictions:

A Digital Asset Trading Platform is removed from the Constituent Trading Platforms when it no longer satisfies the Inclusion Criteria. The Index Provider may also exclude certain trading platforms that require additional support from such contributing trading platforms at its discretion. The Index Provider does not currently include data from over-the-counter markets or derivatives platforms among the Constituent Trading Platforms. Over-the-counter data is not currently included because of the potential for trades to include a significant premium or discount paid for larger liquidity, which creates an uneven comparison relative to more active markets. Over-the-counter data is not currently included because of the potential for trades to include a significant 24 premium or discount paid for larger liquidity, which creates an uneven comparison relative to more active markets. There is also a higher potential for over-the-counter transactions to not be arms-length, and thus not be representative of a true market price. Digital asset derivative markets are also not currently included. While the Index Provider has no plans to include data from over-the-counter markets or derivative platforms at this time, the Index Provider will consider IOSCO principles for financial benchmarks, the

management of trading venues of digital asset derivatives and the aforementioned Inclusion Criteria when considering whether to include over-the-counter or derivative platform data in the future.

The Index Provider may change the trading venues that are used to calculate an Index Price or otherwise change the way in which an Index Price is calculated at any time. For example, the Index Provider has scheduled monthly reviews in which it may add or remove Constituent Trading Platforms that satisfy or fail the Inclusion Criteria, as well as other requirements detailed in the Index Methodology. For example, the Index Provider has scheduled quarterly reviews in which it may add or remove Constituent Trading Platforms that satisfy or fail the criteria described above. The Index Provider does not have any obligation to consider the interests of the Manager, the Fund, the shareholders, or anyone else in connection with such changes. While the Index Provider is not required to publicize or explain the changes or to alert the Manager to such changes, it has historically notified the Fund of certain changes to the Constituent Trading Platforms, including any additions or removals of the Constituent Trading Platforms, in addition to issuing press releases in connection with the same. While the Index Provider is not required to publicize or explain the changes or to alert the Manager to such changes, it has historically notified the Fund of any material changes to the Constituent Trading Platforms, including any additions or removals of the Constituent Trading Platforms, in addition to issuing press releases in connection with the same in accordance with its index review and index change communication policies. The Manager will provide updates of such changes in the Fund’s quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. Although the Index Price methodology is designed to operate without any manual intervention, rare events would justify manual intervention. Intervention of this kind would be in response to non-market-related events, such as the halting of deposits or withdrawals of funds on a Digital Asset Trading Platform, the unannounced closure of operations on a Digital Asset Trading Platform, insolvency or the compromise of user funds. In the event that such an intervention is necessary, the Index Provider would issue a public announcement through its website, API and other established communication channels with its clients.

Determination of the Index Prices

The Index Price for each Fund Component will be calculated through the application of an algorithm to the price of each Fund Component on the Constituent Trading Platforms calculated every 5 seconds over a 24-hour period. The Index Price algorithm is expected to reflect a five-pronged methodology to calculate the Index Price from the Constituent Trading Platforms for each Fund Component:

The Index Provider re-evaluates the weighting algorithm on a periodic basis, but maintains discretion to change the way in which an Index Price is calculated based on its periodic review or in extreme circumstances. The Index Prices are designed to limit exposure to trading or price distortion of any individual Digital Asset Trading Platform that experiences periods of unusual activity or limited liquidity by discounting, in real-time, anomalous price movements at individual Digital Asset Trading Platforms.

The Manager believes the Index Provider’s selection process for Constituent Trading Platforms as well as the methodology of the Index Price algorithm provides a more accurate picture of Fund Component price movements than a simple average of Digital Asset Trading Platform spot prices, and that the weighting of Fund Component prices on the Constituent Trading Platforms limits the inclusion of data that is influenced by temporary price dislocations that may result from technical problems, limited liquidity or fraudulent activity elsewhere in the Fund Component spot market.The Manager believes the Index Provider’s selection process for Constituent Trading Platforms as well as the methodology of the Index Price’s algorithm provides a more accurate picture of Fund Component price movements than a simple average of Digital Asset Trading Platform spot prices, and that the weighting of Fund Component prices on the Constituent Trading Platforms limits the inclusion of data that is influenced by temporary price dislocations that may result from technical problems, limited liquidity or fraudulent activity elsewhere in the Fund Component spot market.

By referencing multiple trading venues and weighting them based on trade activity, the Manager believes that the impact of any potential fraud, manipulation or anomalous trading activity occurring on any single venue is reduced. By referencing multiple trading venues and weighting them based on trade activity, the Manager believes that the impact of any potential fraud, manipulation or anomalous trading activity occurring on any single venue is reduced.

If an Index Price becomes unavailable, or if the Manager determines in good faith that such Index Price does not reflect an accurate price for a Fund Component, then the Manager will contact the Index Provider to obtain the Index Price directly from the Index Provider. If an Index Price becomes unavailable, or if the Manager determines in good faith that such Index Price does not reflect an accurate price for a Fund Component, then the Manager will, on a best-efforts basis, contact the Index Provider to obtain such Index Price directly from the Index Provider.

If after such contact such Index Price remains unavailable or the Manager continues to believe in good faith that such Index Price does not reflect an accurate price for the Fund Component, then the Manager will employ a cascading set of rules to determine the Index Price, as described below in “—Determination of the Index Prices When the Index Prices are Unavailable.”

The Fund values each Fund Component for operational purposes by reference to the applicable Index Price. The Index Price is the value of each Fund Component as represented by the Index, calculated at 4:00 p.m., New York time, on each business day.

Illustrative Example

For the purposes of illustration, outlined below are examples of how the attributes that impact weighting and adjustments in the aforementioned methodology may be utilized to generate the Index Price for a digital asset. For example, the Constituent Trading Platforms used to calculate the Index Price of the digital asset may include trading platforms such as Crypto. For example, Constituent Trading Platforms used to calculate the Index Price of the digital asset may include trading platforms such as Bitstamp, Kraken, LMAX Digital and Crypto. com, Kraken, LMAX Digital and Bitstamp by Robinhood.

The Index Price algorithm, as described above, is designed to account for manipulation at the outset by only including data from executed trades on Constituent Trading Platforms that charge trading fees. The Index Price algorithm, as described above, is designed to account for manipulation at the outset by only including data from executed trades on Constituent Trading Platforms. Then, the below-listed elements may impact the weighting of the Constituent Trading Platforms on the Index Price as follows:

Determination of the Index Prices When the Index Prices are Unavailable

The Manager uses the following cascading set of rules to calculate the Index Price for a Fund Component. For the avoidance of doubt, the Manager will employ the below rules sequentially and in the order as presented below, should one or more specific rule(s) fail:

In the event of a fork, the Index Provider may calculate the Index Price based on a digital asset that the Manager does not believe to be the appropriate asset that is held by the Fund. In this event, the Manager has full discretion to use a different index provider or calculate the Index Price itself using its best judgment.

The Manager may, in its sole discretion, select a different index provider, select a different index price provided by the Index Provider, calculate the Index Price by using the cascading set of rules set forth above, or change the cascading set of rules set forth above at any time. The Manager will provide notice of any such changes in the Fund’s periodic or current reports and, if the Manager makes such a change other than on an ad hoc or temporary basis, will file a proposed rule change with the SEC.

Index License Agreement

The Manager and CoinDesk Indices, Inc. (the “Index Provider”) have entered into the Index License Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2022 (as amended, the “Index License Agreement”), governing the Manager’s use of the Index and the Index Prices. The Index Provider and the Manager have entered into the index license agreement, dated as of February 1, 2022 (as amended, the “Index License Agreement”), governing the Manager’s use of the Index Prices. The Index Provider may adjust the calculation methodology for an Index Price without notice to, or consent of, the Fund or its shareholders. Under the Index License Agreement, the Manager pays a monthly fee and a fee based on the NAV of the Fund to the Index Provider in consideration of its license to the Manager of Index Price-related intellectual property. The Index License Agreement automatically renews on an annual basis, unless a notice of non-renewal is provided. The Index License Agreement is terminable by either party upon written notice in the event of a material breach that remains uncured for thirty days after initial written notice of such breach. Further, either party may terminate the Index License Agreement immediately upon notice under certain circumstances, including with respect to the other party’s (i) insolvency, bankruptcy or analogous event or (ii) violation of money transmission, taxation or trading regulations that materially adversely affect either party’s ability to perform under the Index License Agreement.

COINDESK® and COINDESK 5 INDEX (the “Index”) are trade or service marks of CoinDesk Indices, Inc. (with its affiliates, including CC Data Limited, “CDI”) and/or its licensors. CDI or CDI’s licensors own all proprietary rights in the Data.

CDI is not the issuer or producer of the Fund and has no responsibilities, obligations, or duties to investors in or holders of the Fund. The Index is licensed for use by the Manager as the manager of the Fund. The only relationship that CDI has with the Manager in respect of the Fund is the licensing of the Index, which is administered and published by CDI, or any successor thereto, without regard to the Manager or the owners or holders of Shares of the Fund.

Investors or holders acquire shares of the Fund offered by the Manager and investors and holders neither acquire any interest in the Index nor enter into any relationship of any kind whatsoever with CDI upon making an investment in or acquisition of the Fund. The Fund is not managed, endorsed, sold, or promoted by CDI. CDI makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, regarding the advisability of investing in or otherwise acquiring the Fund or the advisability of investing in securities or digital assets generally or the ability of the Index to track corresponding or relative market performance. CDI has not passed on the legality or suitability of the Fund with respect to any person or entity. CDI is not responsible for, nor has participated in, the determination of the timing of, prices at, or quantities of the Fund to be issued. CDI has no obligation to take the needs of the Manager or the owners or holders of the Fund or any other third party into consideration in administering, composing, calculating, or publishing the Index. CDI has no obligation or liability in connection with administration, marketing, or trading of the Fund.

The licensing agreement between the Manager and CDI is solely for the benefit of the Manager and CDI and not for the benefit of the owners or holders of Shares of the Fund or any other third parties.

CDI shall have no liability to the Manager, the Fund, investors, holders or other third parties for the quality, accuracy and/or completeness of the Index or any data included therein or for interruptions in the delivery of the data. CDI hereby expressly disclaims all warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or use with respect to the Index or any other data included therein. CDI reserves the right to change the methods of calculation or publication, or to cease the calculation or publication of the Index and shall not be liable for any miscalculation of or any incorrect, delayed, or interrupted publication with respect to the Index. CDI shall not be liable for any damages, including, without limitation, any special, indirect or consequential damages, or any lost profits, even if advised of the possibility of such, resulting from the use of the Index or any other data included therein or with respect to the Fund.

Description of the Fund

The Fund was constituted on January 25, 2018 as a Cayman Islands limited liability company under the Limited Liability Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands (as amended or any successor statute thereto) (the “LLC Act”). A Cayman Islands limited liability company is constituted by the filing with the Registrar of Limited Liability Companies a registration statement signed by or on behalf of any person forming the limited liability company and the payment of a registration fee.

From the date of registration, a limited liability company such as the Fund is considered a body corporate (with legal personality separate from that of its members from time to time) having the name contained in the certificate of registration, capable of exercising all the functions of a natural person of full capacity irrespective of any questions of corporate benefit and, without limitation, having perpetual succession, the capacity to sue and to be sued, defend legal proceedings in its name, and with power to acquire, hold and dispose of property and to incur liabilities and obligations but with such liability on the part of the members to contribute to the assets of the limited liability company in the event of its being wound up as provided pursuant to the LLC Act.

The Fund operates pursuant to the LLC Agreement. The Shares represent units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in, and ownership of, the Fund, with such relative rights and terms as set out in the LLC Agreement. In general, the Fund holds Fund Components, and cash in U.S. dollars and is expected from time to time to issue Baskets in exchange for contributions of Fund Components and cash and to distribute Fund Components and cash in connection with redemptions of Baskets.

The Fund is not a registered investment company under the Investment Company Act and the Manager believes that the Fund is not required to register under the Investment Company Act. The Fund will not hold, trade, buy, sell or hold digital asset derivatives, including digital asset futures contracts, on any futures trading platform.Not a Regulated Commodity Pool The Fund will not trade, buy, sell or hold digital asset derivatives, including digital asset futures contracts, on any futures trading platform. The Fund is authorized solely to take immediate delivery of actual digital assets or cash. The Manager does not believe the Fund’s activities are required to be regulated by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) under the Commodity Exchange Act of 1936, as amended (“CEA”), as a “commodity pool” under current law, regulation and interpretation, and the Manager is not subject to regulation as a commodity pool operator or a commodity trading adviser in connection with the operation of the Fund. Investors in the Fund will not receive the regulatory protections afforded to investors in regulated commodity pools, nor may the COMEX division of the New York Mercantile Exchange or any futures trading platform enforce its rules with respect to the Fund’s activities. In addition, investors in the Fund will not benefit from the protections afforded to investors in digital asset futures contracts on regulated futures trading platforms.

For information regarding the determination and publication of the Fund’s NAV and NAV per Share, see “—Valuation of Digital Assets and Determination of NAV.”

The Fund has no fixed termination date.

Employees / Human Capital

The Fund has no employees, officers or directors and is managed by the Manager. All of the Fund’s activities are conducted on its behalf by the Manager and the Fund’s other service providers, each as described under “—Service Providers of the Fund.” The Manager and its affiliates, and not the Fund, employ the personnel who arrange for and oversee the Fund’s operations. The Manager is generally responsible for the day-to-day administration of the Fund under the provisions of the LLC Agreement.

Staking, Governance and Lending Activities

In addition, the Fund may engage in any lawful activity necessary or desirable in order to facilitate shareholders’ access to Forked Assets (subject to NYSE Arca obtaining regulatory approval from the SEC), or for Staking Activities or lending the Fund Property, provided that such activities do not conflict with the terms of the LLC Agreement. At this time, however, the Fund is not permitted to engage in Staking and does not currently engage in, nor does it intend to engage in, any lending activities related to the Fund Property. At this time, however, the Fund does not currently engage in, nor does it intend to engage in, any Staking or lending activities related to the Fund Property. In the future, any value created from such activities will be included in the Principal Market NAV or NAV calculation, or will be used to pay the Fund’s expenses.

“Staking” means (i) using, or permitting to be used, in any manner, directly or indirectly, through an agent or otherwise
(including, for the avoidance of doubt, through a delegation of rights to any third party with respect to any portion of the Fund's digital assets, by making any portion of the Fund's digital assets available to any third party or by entering into any similar arrangement with a

third party), any portion of the Fund's digital assets in a PoS validation protocol and (ii) accepting any Staking Consideration. For the avoidance of doubt, Staking does not include the mere act of transferring units of virtual currency on a peer-to-peer virtual currency network that utilizes a PoS validation protocol.

Although it has no current plans to do so, in the future the Fund may engage in Staking Activities, Governance Activities or lending activities involving the lending of Fund Components or Fund assets in a manner consistent with the LLC Agreement. Although it has no current plans to do so, in the future the Fund may engage in Staking Activities, Governance Activities or lending activities involving the lending of Fund Components or Fund assets in a manner consistent with the LLC Agreement.

The mere act of transferring units of virtual currency on a peer-to-peer virtual currency network that allows for token holders to participate in governance shall not be considered to be Staking Activities or Governance Activities.

Any value created from Staking Activities, Governance Activities or lending activities involving the lending of Fund Components or Fund assets would be included in the Principal Market NAV or NAV calculation, or used to pay the Fund’s expenses.

Service Providers of the Fund

The Manager

Grayscale Investments Sponsors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and an indirect consolidated subsidiary of DCG, is the manager of the Fund. The Manager’s principal place of business is 290 Harbor Drive, 4th Floor, Stamford, Connecticut 06902, and its telephone number is (212) 668-1427. Under the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act and the governing documents of the Manager, DCG, the indirect parent company of the Manager, is not responsible for the debts, obligations and liabilities of the Manager solely by reason of being the indirect parent company of the Manager. The Manager’s principal place of business is 290 Harbor Drive, 4th Floor, Stamford, Connecticut 06902, and its telephone number is (212) 668-1427. Under the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act and the governing documents of the Manager, DCG, the sole equity holder of the Manager, is not responsible for the debts, obligations and liabilities of the Manager solely by reason of being the sole equity holder of the Manager.

The Manager is neither an investment adviser registered with the SEC nor a commodity pool operator registered with the CFTC, and will not be acting in either such capacity with respect to the Fund, and the Manager’s provision of services to the Fund will not be governed by the Investment Advisers Act or the CEA.

The Manager arranged for the creation of the Fund and listing of the Shares on NYSE Arca (the Shares were previously quoted on the OTCQX, OTCQB and OTCID tiers of OTC Markets Group, Inc. (the “OTC Markets”). As partial consideration for its receipt of the Manager’s Fee from the Fund, the Manager is obligated to pay the Manager-paid Expenses. The Manager also paid the costs of the Fund’s organization and the costs of the initial sale of the Shares.

The Manager is generally responsible for the day-to-day administration of the Fund under the provisions of the LLC Agreement. This includes (i) preparing and providing periodic reports and financial statements on behalf of the Fund to investors, (ii) processing orders to create Baskets and coordinating the processing of such orders with the Custodian and the Transfer Agent, (iii) calculating and publishing the NAV and the NAV per Share of the Fund each business day as of 4:00 p.m., New York time, or as soon thereafter as practicable, (iv) selecting and monitoring the Fund’s service providers and from time to time engaging additional, successor or replacement service providers, (v) instructing the Custodian to transfer the Fund’s digital assets, and/or cash, as needed to pay the Manager’s Fee and any Additional Fund Expenses, (vi) upon dissolution of the Fund, distributing the Fund’s remaining digital assets (including Fund Components and/or Forked Assets) or the cash proceeds of the sale of digital assets, as well as any of the cash held by the Fund at such time, to the owners of record of the Shares and (vii) establishing the principal market for each Fund Component of the Fund for U.S. GAAP purposes. In addition, if there is a fork in the network of any Fund Component held by the Fund, the Manager will use its discretion to determine, in good faith, which peer-to-peer network, among a group of incompatible forks of such network, is generally accepted as the network for such Fund Component and should therefore be considered the appropriate network for such Fund Component for the Fund’s purposes.

The Manager does not store, hold, or maintain custody or control of the Fund’s digital assets but instead has entered into the Prime Broker Agreement with the Custodian to facilitate the security of the Fund’s digital assets.

The Manager may transfer all or substantially all of its assets to an entity that carries on the business of the Manager if at the time of the transfer the successor assumes all of the obligations of the Manager under the LLC Agreement. In such an event, the Manager will be relieved of all further liability under the LLC Agreement.

The Manager’s Fee is paid by the Fund to the Manager as compensation for services performed under the LLC Agreement and as partial consideration for the Manager’s agreement to pay the Manager-paid Expenses. See “—Expenses; Sales of Digital Assets.”

The Manager has sole discretion to replace the CD5 with a different Large Cap index and sole discretion to replace the Index Provider with a different Large Cap index provider, and may replace either the CD5 or the Index Provider from time to time. The Index Provider has sole discretion over the CD5 Methodology and may change it from time to time. The current CD5 Methodology and current Index Components are available at the Index Provider’s public website, at https://indices.coindesk.com/indices/cd5. The Index Provider has sole discretion over the determination of Index Prices and may change the methodologies for determining the Index Prices from time to time.

Marketing Agent Agreement

The Manager, on behalf of the Fund, is party to a marketing agent agreement dated August 25, 2025 (as amended, the “Marketing Agent Agreement”) with Foreside Fund Services, LLC (the “Marketing Agent”). Under the Marketing Agent Agreement, the Marketing Agent will provide the following services to the Manager: (i) assist the Manager in facilitating Participation Agreements between and among Authorized Participants, the Manager, on behalf of the Fund, and the Transfer Agent; (ii) provide prospectuses to Authorized Participants; (iii) work with the Transfer Agent to review and approve orders placed by the Authorized Participants and transmitted to the Transfer Agent; (iv) review and file applicable marketing materials with FINRA and (v) maintain, reproduce and store applicable books and records related to the services provided under the Marketing Agent Agreement. The Manager will pay the Marketing Agent an annual fee, as well as certain out-of-pocket fees and expenses of the Marketing Agent incurred in connection with its assistance in the marketing of the Fund and its Shares.

As of September 18, 2025, the Manager amended, solely with respect to the Fund, the Distribution and Marketing Agreement, dated as of October 3, 2022, among the Manager, the Fund and Grayscale Securities, LLC (“Grayscale Securities”), an affiliate of the Manager and an affiliate and related party of the Fund, to remove the Fund as an entity covered by the Distribution and Marketing Agreement. In its capacity as distributor and marketer, Grayscale Securities assisted the Manager in developing an ongoing marketing plan for the Fund, preparing marketing materials regarding the Shares, including the content on the Fund’s website, and executing the marketing plan for the Fund. In its capacity as distributor and marketer, Grayscale Securities assists the Manager in developing an ongoing marketing plan for the Fund; preparing marketing materials regarding the Shares, including the content on the Fund’s website, www.

The Transfer Agent and the Co-Transfer Agent

The Bank of New York Mellon serves as the Transfer Agent of the Fund pursuant to the terms and provisions of the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement (the “Transfer Agency and Service Agreement”). The Transfer Agent: (1) facilitates the issuance and redemption of Shares of the Fund; (2) responds to correspondence by Fund shareholders and others relating to its duties; (3) maintains shareholder accounts; and (4) makes periodic reports to the Fund. The Transfer Agent has its principal office at 240 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10286. A copy of the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement is available for inspection at the Manager’s principal office identified herein. The Transfer Agent has its principal office at 1 State Street, 30th Floor, New York, NY 10004. A copy of the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement is available for inspection at the Manager’s principal office identified herein.

Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, a Delaware corporation, serves as a co-transfer agent for the Fund (the “Co-Transfer Agent”) pursuant to the terms and provisions of the Co-Transfer Agency Agreement (the “Co-Transfer Agency Agreement”). The Co-Transfer Agent has its principal office at 1 State Street, 30th Floor, New York, New York 10004. A copy of the Co-Transfer Agency Agreement is available for inspection at the Manager’s principal office identified herein. The Transfer Agent has its principal office at 1 State Street, 30th Floor, New York, NY 10004. A copy of the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement is available for inspection at the Manager’s principal office identified herein.

Fees paid to the Transfer Agent and Co-Transfer Agent are a Manager-paid Expense.

Administrator

BNY Mellon Asset Servicing, a division of The Bank of New York Mellon, a New York corporation authorized to do a banking business also serves as the administrator for the Fund, pursuant to the Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement, dated October 9, 2025, between the Manager and BNY (the “Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement”). Under the Fund Administration and Accounting Agreement, BNY provides certain administrative and accounting services to the Fund.

Authorized Participants

An Authorized Participant must enter into a “Participant Agreement” with the Manager and the Fund to govern its placement of orders to create and redeem Baskets. The Participant Agreement sets forth the procedures for the creation and redemption of Baskets

and for the delivery of digital assets required for creations. A copy of the form of Participant Agreement is available for inspection at the Manager’s principal office identified herein.

Each Authorized Participant (i) is a registered broker-dealer and (ii) has entered into a Participant Agreement with the Manager and the Transfer Agent and (iii) in the case of any creation or redemption pursuant to which the Authorized Participant (or its AP
Designee) will deliver or receive digital assets directly from the Fund’s Digital Assets Account (“In-Kind Orders”), own, or their designee in connection with In-Kind Orders (“AP Designee”), must own, a digital asset wallet address that is known to the Custodian as belonging to the Authorized Participant or its AP Designee and maintain an account with the Custodian.

The Fund issues Shares to, and redeems Shares from, Authorized Participants on an ongoing basis, but only in one or more Baskets. See “—Description of Creation and Redemption of Shares. See “—Description of Creation of Shares. See “—Description of Creation of Shares. ”

As of the date of this Annual Report, the Manager, on behalf of the Fund, and the Transfer Agent entered into Participant Agreements with Jane Street Capital, LLC, Virtu Americas LLC, Macquarie Capital (USA) Inc., and ABN AMRO Clearing USA LLC, pursuant to which such entities have agreed to act as Authorized Participants. The Manager may engage additional Authorized Participants who are unaffiliated with the Fund in the future. The Manager intends to engage additional Authorized Participants that are unaffiliated with the Fund in the future.

No Authorized Participant has any obligation or responsibility to the Manager or the Fund to effect any sale or resale of Shares.

Liquidity Providers

Liquidity Providers facilitate the purchase and sale of digital assets in connection with Cash Orders for creations or redemptions of Baskets. The Liquidity Providers with which Grayscale Investments Sponsors, LLC (in such capacity, the “Liquidity Engager”), will engage in digital asset transactions are third parties that are not affiliated with the Manager or the Fund and are not acting as agents of the Fund, the Manager, or any Authorized Participant. Except for the contractual relationships between each Liquidity Provider and Grayscale Investments Sponsors, LLC in its capacity as the Liquidity Engager, there is no contractual relationship between each Liquidity Provider and the Fund, the Manager, or any Authorized Participant.

As of the date of this Annual Report, the Liquidity Engager has engaged JSCT, LLC, Virtu Financial Singapore Pte. Ltd., Flow Traders B.V., Flowdesk, Cumberland DRW LLC, and Galaxy Digital Trading Cayman LLC as Liquidity Providers. The Liquidity Engager may engage additional Liquidity Providers who are unaffiliated with the Fund in the future.

Jane Street Capital, LLC, one of the Authorized Participants, is an affiliate of JSCT, LLC, one of the Liquidity Providers. Virtu Americas LLC, one of the Authorized Participants, is an affiliate of Virtu Financial Singapore Pte., Ltd, one of the Liquidity Providers.

The Custodian and Prime Broker

Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC is a fiduciary under § 100 of the New York Banking Law and a qualified custodian for
purposes of Rule 206(4)-2(d)(6) under the Investment Advisers Act. The Custodian is authorized to serve as the Fund’s custodian
under the LLC Agreement and pursuant to the terms and provisions of the Coinbase Prime Broker Agreement, dated as of June 25,
2025, by and between the Manager, on behalf of itself and the Fund, and Prime Broker, on behalf of itself and as agent for the
Custodian and Coinbase Credit, Inc. (the “Prime Broker Agreement”). The Custodian has its principal office at 200 Park Avenue
South, Suite 1208, New York, NY 10003. A copy of the Prime Broker Agreement is available for inspection at the Manager’s
principal office identified herein.

Under the Prime Broker Agreement, the Fund’s Vault Balance is in a segregated custody account (the "Custodial Account"), and the Custodian controls the private keys that allow for the transfer of ownership or control of the Fund’s digital assets, on the Fund’s behalf. The Custodian’s services (i) allow digital assets to be deposited from a public blockchain address to the Fund’s Custodial Account and (ii) allow the Fund or Manager to withdraw digital assets from the Fund’s Custodial Account to a public blockchain address the Fund or Manager controls. The Custodian’s services (i) allow Fund Components to be deposited from a public blockchain address to the Fund’s Digital Asset Account and (ii) allow the Fund or Manager to withdraw Fund Components from the Fund’s Digital Asset Account to a public blockchain address the Fund or Manager controls (the “Custodial Services”). The Custodial Account uses offline storage, or “cold” storage, mechanisms to secure the Fund’s private keys. The Digital Asset Account uses offline storage, or “cold” storage, mechanisms to secure the Fund’s private keys. The term cold storage refers to a safeguarding method by which the private keys corresponding to digital assets are disconnected. The term cold storage refers to a safeguarding method by which the private keys corresponding to digital assets are disconnected and/or deleted entirely from the internet.

The Custodian will withdraw from the Fund’s Vault Balance the amount of digital assets necessary to pay the Fund’s expenses.

Fees paid to the Custodian are a Manager-paid Expense.

Under the Prime Broker Agreement, each of the Custodian and the Fund has agreed to indemnify and hold harmless the other party from any third-party claim or third-party demand (including reasonable and documented attorneys’ fees and any fines, fees or penalties imposed by any regulatory authority) arising out of or related to the Custodian’s or the Fund’s, as the case may be, breach of the Prime Broker Agreement, inaccuracy in any of the Custodian’s or the Fund’s, as the case may be, representations or warranties in the Prime Broker Agreement, or the Fund’s violation, or the Custodian’s knowing violation, of any law, rule or regulation, or the rights of any third party, except where such claim directly results from the negligence, fraud or willful misconduct of the other such party.

The Custodian and its affiliates may from time to time purchase or sell digital assets for their own accounts and as agent for their customers or Shares for their own accounts. The foregoing notwithstanding, digital assets in the Vault Balance are not treated as general assets of the Custodian and cannot be commingled with any other digital assets held by the Custodian. The foregoing notwithstanding, Fund Components in the Digital Asset Account are not treated as general assets of the Custodian and cannot be commingled with any other digital assets held by the Custodian. The Custodian serves as a

fiduciary and custodian on the Fund’s behalf, and the digital assets in the Vault Balance are considered fiduciary assets that remain the Fund’s property at all times.

Once each calendar year, the Manager or the Fund may request that the Custodian deliver a certificate signed by a duly authorized officer to certify that all representations and warranties made by the Custodian in the Prime Broker Agreement are true and correct on and as of the date of such certificate, and have been true and correct throughout the preceding year. In addition, the Custodian has agreed to allow the Fund and the Manager to take any necessary steps to verify that satisfactory internal control system and procedures are in place, and to visit and inspect the systems on which the Custodian’s coins are held.

If the Custodian resigns in its capacity as custodian, the Manager may appoint an additional or replacement custodian and enter into a custodian agreement on behalf of the Fund with such custodian. Furthermore, the Manager and the Fund may use digital asset custody services or similar services provided by entities other than Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC at any time without prior notice to Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC. Furthermore, the Manager and the Fund may use Fund Components custody services or similar services provided by entities other than Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC at any time without prior notice to Coinbase Custody Trust Company, LLC.

Marketing Agent

Since June 25, 2025, Foreside Fund Services, LLC is the Marketing Agent of the Shares. Foreside is a registered broker-dealer with the SEC and is a member of FINRA. Grayscale Securities is a registered broker-dealer with the SEC and is a member of FINRA.

In its capacity as Marketing Agent, Foreside provides the following services to the Manager: (i) assist the Manager in facilitating Participant Agreements between and among Authorized Participants, the Manager, on behalf of the Fund, and the Transfer Agent; (ii) provide prospectuses to Authorized Participants; (iii) work with the Transfer Agent to review and approve orders placed by the Authorized Participants and transmitted to the Transfer Agent; (iv) review and file applicable marketing materials with FINRA and (v) maintain, reproduce and store applicable books and records related to the services provided under the Marketing Agent Agreement. Under the Marketing Agent Agreement, the Marketing Agent will provide the following services to the Manager: (i) assist the Manager in facilitating Participation Agreements between and among Authorized Participants, the Manager, on behalf of the Fund, and the Transfer Agent; (ii) provide prospectuses to Authorized Participants; (iii) work with the Transfer Agent to review and approve orders placed by the Authorized Participants and transmitted to the Transfer Agent; (iv) review and file applicable marketing materials with FINRA and (v) maintain, reproduce and store applicable books and records related to the services provided under the Marketing Agent Agreement.

The Manager has entered into a Marketing Agent Agreement with Foreside. The Manager may engage additional or successor Marketing Agents in the future. The Manager may engage additional or successor distributors and marketers in the future.

Custody of the Fund’s Digital Assets

Digital assets and digital asset transactions are recorded and validated on blockchains, the public transaction ledgers of a Digital Asset Network. Each digital asset blockchain serves as a record of ownership for all of the units of such digital asset, even in the case of certain privacy-preserving digital assets, where the transactions themselves are not publicly viewable. All digital assets recorded on a blockchain are associated with a public blockchain address, also referred to as a digital wallet. Digital assets held at a particular public blockchain address may be accessed and transferred using a corresponding private key.

Key Generation

Public addresses and their corresponding private keys are generated by the Custodian in secret key generation ceremonies at secure locations inside faraday cages, which are enclosures used to block electromagnetic fields and thus mitigate against attacks. The Custodian uses quantum random number generators to generate the public and private key pairs.

Once generated, private keys are encrypted, separated into “shards” and then further encrypted. After the key generation ceremony, all materials used to generate private keys, including computers, are destroyed. All key generation ceremonies are performed offline. No party other than the Custodian has access to the private key shards of the Fund, including the Fund itself.

Key Storage

Private key shards are distributed geographically in secure vaults around the world, including in the United States. The locations of the secure vaults may change regularly and are kept confidential by the Custodian for security purposes.

The Custodial Account uses offline storage, or “cold storage,” mechanisms to secure the Fund’s private keys. The term cold storage refers to a safeguarding method by which the private keys corresponding to digital assets are disconnected and/or deleted entirely from the internet. Cold storage of private keys may involve keeping such keys on a non-networked (or “air-gapped”) computer or electronic device or storing the private keys on a storage device (for example, a USB thumb drive) or printed medium (for example, papyrus, paper or a metallic object). A digital wallet may receive deposits of digital assets but may not send digital assets without use of the digital assets’ corresponding private keys. In order to send digital assets from a digital wallet in which the private keys are kept in cold storage, either the private keys must be retrieved from cold storage and entered into an online, or “hot,” digital asset software program to sign the transaction, or the unsigned transaction must be transferred to the cold server in which the private keys are held for signature by the private keys and then transferred back to the online digital asset software program. At that point, the user of the digital wallet can transfer its digital assets.

Security Procedures

The Custodian and the Prime Broker hold the Fund’s private keys in accordance with the terms and provisions of the Prime Broker Agreement. Transfers from the Custodial Account require certain security procedures, including but not limited to, multiple encrypted private key shards, usernames, passwords and 2-step verification. Transfers from the Fund’s Digital Asset Account require certain security procedures, including but not limited to, multiple encrypted private key shards, usernames, passwords and 2-step verification. Multiple private key shards held by the applicable Custodial Entity or Entities must be combined to reconstitute the private key to sign any transaction in order to transfer the Fund’s assets. Multiple private key shards held by the Custodian must be combined to reconstitute the private key to sign any transaction in order to transfer the Fund’s digital assets. Private key shards are distributed geographically by the Custodial Entities in secure vaults around the world, including in the United States. Private key shards are distributed geographically in secure vaults around the world, including in the United States.

As a result, if any one secure vault is ever compromised, this event will have no impact on the ability of the Fund to access its assets, other than a possible delay in operations, while one or more of the other secure vaults is used instead. These security procedures are intended to remove single points of failure in the protection of the Fund’s assets.

Transfers of Fund Components to the Custodial Account will be available to the Fund once processed on the relevant blockchain.

The process of accessing and withdrawing Fund Components from the Fund to redeem a Basket by an Authorized Participant follows the same general procedure as transferring Fund Components to the Fund to create a Basket by an Authorized Participant, only in reverse. See “—Description of Creation and Redemption of Shares. See “—Description of Creation of Shares. See “—Description of Creation of Shares. ”

Description of the Shares

The Fund is authorized under the LLC Agreement to create and issue an unlimited number of Shares. Shares will be issued only in Baskets (a Basket equals a block of 10,000 Shares) in connection with creations. The Shares represent units of fractional, undivided beneficial interest in and ownership of the Fund and have no par value. The Shares represent units of fractional undivided beneficial interest in, and ownership of, the Fund, with such relative rights and terms as set out in the LLC Agreement. The Shares are listed on NYSE Arca under the ticker symbol “GDLC. The Shares are quoted on OTCQX under the ticker symbol “GDLC. ”

Description of Limited Rights

The Shares do not represent a traditional investment and should not be viewed as similar to “shares” of a corporation operating a business enterprise with management and a board of directors. A shareholder will not have the statutory rights normally associated with the ownership of shares of a corporation. Each Share is transferable, is fully paid and non-assessable and entitles the holder to vote on the limited matters upon which shareholders may vote under the LLC Agreement. For example, shareholders do not have the right to remove the Manager. The Shares do not entitle their holders to any conversion or pre-emptive rights or, except as discussed below, any redemption rights or rights to distributions.

Voting and Approvals

The shareholders take no part in the management or control of the Fund. Under the LLC Agreement, shareholders have limited voting rights. Under the LLC Agreement, shareholders have limited voting rights, and the Fund will not have regular shareholder meetings. For example, in the event that the Manager withdraws, a majority of the shareholders may elect and appoint a successor manager to carry out the affairs of the Fund. In addition, no amendments to the LLC Agreement that materially adversely affect the interests of shareholders may be made without the vote of at least a majority (over 50%) of the Shares (not including any Shares held by the Manager or its affiliates). However, the Manager may make any other amendments to the LLC Agreement in its sole discretion without shareholder consent, provided that the Manager provides 20 days’ notice of any such amendment.

Distributions

Pursuant to the terms of the LLC Agreement, the Fund may make distributions on the Shares in-cash or in-kind, including in such form as is necessary or permissible for the Fund to facilitate its shareholders’ access to any Forked Assets.

In addition, if the Fund is wound up, liquidated and dissolved, the Manager will distribute to the shareholders any amounts of the cash proceeds of the liquidation of the Fund’s assets remaining after the satisfaction of all outstanding liabilities of the Fund and the establishment of reserves for applicable taxes, other governmental charges and contingent or future liabilities as the Manager will determine. See “—Description of the LLC Agreement—Termination of the Fund.” Shareholders of record on the record date fixed by the Transfer Agent for a distribution will be entitled to receive their pro rata portions of any distribution.

Book-Entry Form

Shares are held primarily in book-entry form by the Transfer Agent. The Manager or its delegate will direct the Transfer Agent to credit or debit, as applicable, the number of Baskets to the applicable Authorized Participant. The Manager or its delegate will direct the Transfer Agent to credit the number of Creation Baskets to the applicable Authorized Participant. The Transfer Agent will issue or cancel Baskets, as applicable. The Transfer Agent will issue Creation Baskets. Transfers will be made in accordance with standard securities industry practice. The Manager may cause the Fund to issue Shares in certificated form in limited circumstances in its sole discretion.

Share Splits

In its discretion, the Manager may direct the Transfer Agent to declare a share split or consolidation in the number of Shares outstanding and to make a corresponding change in the number of Shares constituting a Basket. For example, if the Manager believes that the per Share price in the secondary market for Shares has risen or fallen outside a desirable trading price range, it may declare such a share split or consolidation.

Description of Creation and Redemption of Shares

General

Shares are redeemable only in accordance with the provisions of the LLC Agreement and the relevant Participant Agreement. The Fund issues Shares to and redeems Shares from Authorized Participants on an ongoing basis, but only in one or more Baskets. The Fund will not issue fractions of a Basket. The Manager believes that the creation and redemption order size of 10,000 Shares will enable Authorized Participants to manage inventory and facilitate an effective arbitrage mechanism for the Fund. However, the Manager may in the future adjust the creation and redemption order size in order to improve the effectiveness of the activities of Authorized Participants in the secondary market for the Shares if the Manager determines it to be necessary or advisable. As such, the Manager does not expect that the size of the Baskets will have an impact on the arbitrage mechanism.

The creation and redemption of Baskets will be made only upon the delivery to the Fund, or the distribution or other disposition by the Fund, of the amount of whole and fractional tokens of each Fund Component represented by each Basket being created or redeemed, plus cash representing the Cash Portion, if any. The amount of tokens of each Fund Component required to be delivered in connection with a Basket is determined by dividing (x) the total amount of tokens of such Fund Component held by the Fund at 4:00 p. The amount of tokens of each Fund Component required to be delivered in connection with a Basket is calculated by dividing the total amount of tokens of such Fund Component held by the Fund at 4:00 p. m., New York time, on the trade date of a creation or redemption order, after deducting the amount of tokens of such Fund Component payable in respect of accrued but unpaid fees and expenses of the Fund (in each case, determined using the applicable Index Price), by (y) the number of Shares outstanding at such time (with the quotient so obtained calculated to one one-millionth (i., New York time, on the trade date of a creation or redemption order, after deducting all accrued but unpaid Fund Component Fee Amounts for such Fund Component and the amount of tokens of such Fund Component payable as a portion of Additional Fund Expenses (in each case, determined using the applicable Index Price), by the number of Shares outstanding at such time (with the quotient so obtained calculated to one one-hundred-millionth (i. e., carried to the sixth decimal place)), and multiplying such quotient by 10,000. We refer to the amount of tokens of each Fund Component so obtained as the “Fund Component Basket Amount., carried to the eighth decimal place)), and multiplying such quotient by 100. We refer to the amount of tokens of each Fund Component so obtained as the “Fund Component Basket Amount. ”

If the Fund holds any cash in U.S. dollars or other fiat currency, the Cash Portion for each Basket created or redeemed will be determined by dividing the amount of cash held by the Fund at 4:00 p.m., New York time, on the trade date by the total number of Shares outstanding at such time (with the quotient so obtained calculated to one one-millionth (i.e., carried to the sixth decimal place)), and multiplying such quotient by 10,000. We refer to the sum of the Fund Component Basket Amounts for all Fund Components then held by the Fund and the Cash Portion, if any, as the “Basket Amount.”

The U.S. dollar value of a Basket is equal to the sum of (x) each Fund Component Basket Amount multiplied by the applicable Index Price and (y) the Cash Portion, if any (the “Basket NAV”). The Basket NAV multiplied by the number of Baskets being created or redeemed is referred to as the “Total Basket NAV. The Basket Amount multiplied by the number of Baskets being created or redeemed is the “Total Basket Amount. ” All questions as to the calculation of the Basket Amount will be conclusively determined by the Manager and will be final and binding on all persons interested in the Fund. The Basket Amount multiplied by the number of Baskets being created or redeemed is the “Total Basket Amount.” One or more major market data vendors may provide an intra-day indicative value (“IIV”) per Share updated every 15 seconds, as calculated by NYSE Arca or a third-party financial data provider during NYSE Arca’s Core Trading Session (9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p. until 5:00 p. m., New York time)., New York time, on such day. Such IIV will be calculated using the same methodology as the NAV per Share of the Fund, specifically by using the prior day’s closing NAV per Share as a base and updating that value during the NYSE Arca Core Trading Session to reflect changes in the value of the Fund’s NAV during the trading day. The IIV on a per Share basis disseminated during the Core Trading Session should not be viewed as a real-time update of the NAV, which is calculated once a day. The amount of digital assets represented by a Share will gradually decrease over time as the Fund’s digital assets are used to pay the Fund’s expenses.

Authorized Participants are the only persons that may place orders to create and redeem Baskets. Each Authorized Participant must (i) be a registered broker-dealer and (ii) enter into a Participant Agreement with the Manager and the Transfer Agent, and (iii) in the case of any creation or redemption pursuant to In-Kind Orders own a digital asset wallet address that is known to the Custodian as belonging to the Authorized Participant and maintain an account with the Custodian (or if the Authorized Participant does not itself trade in digital assets, a designee of such Authorized Participant (each, an “AP Designee”) must own a digital asset wallet address that is known to the Custodian as belonging to such AP Designee and maintain an account with the Custodian.

An Authorized Participant may act for its own account or as agent for broker-dealers, custodians and other securities market participants that wish to create or redeem Baskets. Shareholders who are not Authorized Participants will only be able to create or redeem their Shares through an Authorized Participant.

The creation of Baskets requires the delivery to the Fund of the Total Basket Amount (or cash to acquire the Total Basket Amount) and the redemption of Baskets requires the distribution or other disposition by the Fund of the Total Basket Amount. Although the Fund creates Baskets only upon the receipt of Fund Components plus cash representing the Cash Portion, if any, and redeems Baskets only by distributing or otherwise disposing of Fund Components plus cash representing the Cash Portion, if any, at this time an Authorized

Participant can only submit Cash Orders, pursuant to which the Authorized Participant will deposit cash into, or accept cash from, a segregated account maintained by the Transfer Agent in the name of the Fund for purposes of receiving cash from, and distributing cash to, Authorized Participants in connection with creations and redemptions of Baskets (the “Cash Account”).

Cash Orders will be facilitated by the Transfer Agent and Grayscale Investments Sponsors, LLC. On an order-by-order basis, Grayscale Investments Sponsors, LLC, acting in its capacity as Liquidity Engager will engage one or more Liquidity Providers to obtain or receive digital assets in exchange for cash in connection with such order, as described in more detail below. Each Liquidity Provider must enter into a Liquidity Provider Agreement with the Liquidity Engager and the Manager (on behalf of the Fund), which will obligate it to obtain or receive digital assets in connection with creations and redemptions pursuant to Cash Orders.

Unless the Manager requires that a Cash Order be effected at actual execution prices (an “Actual Execution Cash Order”), each Authorized Participant that submits a Cash Order to create or redeem Baskets will pay a fee (the “Variable Fee”) based on the Total Basket NAV (a “Variable Fee Cash Order”), and any price differential between (x) the Total Basket NAV on the trade date and (y) the price realized in acquiring or disposing of the corresponding Total Basket Amount, as the case may be, will be borne solely by the Liquidity Provider until such digital assets have been received or liquidated by the Fund. The Variable Fee is intended to cover all of a Liquidity Provider’s expenses in connection with the creation or redemption order, including any exchange fees that the Liquidity Provider incurs in connection with buying or selling digital assets. The amount may be changed by the Manager in its sole discretion at any time, and Liquidity Providers will communicate to the Manager in advance the Variable Fee they would be willing to accept in connection with a Variable Fee Cash Order, based on market conditions and other factors existing at the time of such Variable Fee Cash Order.

Alternatively, the Manager may require that a Cash Order be effected as an Actual Execution Cash Order, in its sole discretion based on market conditions and other factors existing at the time of such Cash Order, and under such circumstances, any price differential between (x) the Total Basket NAV on the trade date and (y) the price realized in acquiring or disposing of the corresponding Total Basket Amount, as the case may be, will be borne solely by such Authorized Participant until such digital assets have been received or liquidated by the Fund. See “—Creation Procedures—Actual Execution Cash Orders” and “—Redemption Procedures—Actual Execution Cash Orders.”

In the case of creations pursuant to Cash Orders, to transfer the Fund Components included in the Total Basket Amount to the Fund’s Vault Balance, the Liquidity Provider will transfer Fund Components to one of the public key addresses associated with the Vault Balance and as provided by the Manager. In the case of redemptions pursuant to Cash Orders, the same procedure is conducted, but in reverse, using the public key addresses associated with the wallet of the Liquidity Provider, and as provided by such party. All such transactions will be conducted on the blockchain and parties acknowledge and agree that such transfers may be irreversible if done incorrectly. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Fund and the Shares—Transactions in digital assets are irrevocable and stolen or incorrectly transferred digital assets may be irretrievable. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Fund and the Shares—There is no guarantee that an active trading market for the Shares will continue to develop. As a result, any incorrectly executed digital asset transactions could adversely affect the value of the Shares.”

The Fund is not at this time, able to create and redeem Shares via in-kind transactions with Authorized Participants. Subject to the Manager causing the Fund to create and redeem Shares via in-kind transactions with Authorized Participants, in the future the Fund may also create and redeem Baskets via In-Kind Orders, pursuant to which an Authorized Participant or its AP Designee would deposit digital assets directly with the Fund or receive digital assets directly from the Fund. However, at this time Baskets will not be created or redeemed through In-Kind Orders and will only be created or redeemed through Cash Orders. There can be no assurance as to when the Fund will be permitted to create and redeem Shares via in-kind transactions with Authorized Participants. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Fund and the Shares—The lack of ability to facilitate in-kind creations and redemptions of Shares could have adverse consequences for the Fund. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Fund and the Shares—There is no guarantee that an active trading market for the Shares will continue to develop. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Fund and the Shares—There is no guarantee that an active trading market for the Shares will continue to develop. ”

Authorized Participants do not pay a transaction fee to the Fund in connection with the creation or redemption of Baskets, but there may be transaction fees associated with the validation of the transfer of digital assets by Digital Asset Networks, which will be paid by the Custodian in the case of redemptions and an Authorized Participant, its AP Designee or the Liquidity Provider in the case of creations. Service providers may charge Authorized Participants or AP Designees administrative fees for order placement and other services related to the creation or redemption of Baskets. As discussed above, Authorized Participants will also pay the Variable Fee in connection with Variable Fee Cash Orders. As discussed in further detail below under “—Creation Procedures—Actual Execution Cash Orders” and “—Redemption Procedures—Actual Execution Cash Orders”, under certain circumstances Authorized Participants may also be required to deposit additional cash in the Cash Account, or be entitled to receive excess cash from the Cash Account, in connection with creations and redemptions pursuant to Actual Execution Cash Orders. Authorized Participants will receive no fees, commissions or other form of compensation or inducement of any kind from either the Manager or the Fund and no such person has any obligation or responsibility to the Manager or the Fund to effect any sale or resale of Shares. The Participant Agreements and the related procedures attached thereto may be amended by the Manager and the relevant Authorized Participant. Under the Participant Agreements, the Manager has agreed to indemnify each Authorized Participant against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Under the Participant Agreement, the Manager has agreed to indemnify each Authorized Participant against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

The following description of the procedures for the creation and redemption of Baskets is only a summary and shareholders should refer to the relevant provisions of the LLC Agreement and the form of Participant Agreement for more detail.

Creation Procedures

On any business day, an Authorized Participant may place an order with the Transfer Agent to create one or more Baskets. Cash Orders for creation must be placed with the Transfer Agent no later than 1:59:59 p.m., New York time., New York time, on such day.

The Manager may in its sole discretion limit the number of Shares created pursuant to Cash Orders on any specified day without notice to the Authorized Participants and may direct the Marketing Agent to reject any Cash Orders in excess of such capped amount. In exercising its discretion to limit the number of Shares created pursuant to Cash Orders, the Manager expects to take into consideration a number of factors, including (i) the availability of Liquidity Providers to facilitate Cash Orders and (ii) to the extent the Fund is permitted to create and redeem Shares via in-kind transactions with Authorized Participants, the cost of processing Cash Orders relative to the cost of processing In-Kind Orders. If the Manager decides to limit Cash Orders and the Fund is otherwise unable to satisfy creation orders made in cash, the Fund’s ability to create new Shares could be negatively impacted or, if the Fund is not permitted to create and redeem Shares via in-kind transactions with Authorized Participants as of such time, which could impact the Shares’ liquidity and/or cause the Shares to trade at premiums to the NAV per Share, and otherwise have a negative impact on the value of the Shares. In addition, if the Manager decides to limit Cash Orders at a time when the Shares are trading at a premium to the NAV per Share, and the Fund is not permitted to create and redeem Shares via in-kind transactions with Authorized Participants as of such time or the in-kind creation is otherwise unavailable for any reason, the arbitrage mechanism may fail to effectively function, which could impact the Shares’ liquidity and/or cause the Shares to trade at premiums to the NAV per Share, or otherwise have a negative impact on the value of the Shares. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Fund and the Shares—The lack of ability to facilitate in-kind creations and redemptions of Shares could have adverse consequences for the Fund. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Fund and the Shares—There is no guarantee that an active trading market for the Shares will continue to develop. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Fund and the Shares—There is no guarantee that an active trading market for the Shares will continue to develop. ”

Creations pursuant to Cash Orders will take place as follows, where “T” is the trade date and each day in the sequence must be a business day. Before a creation order is placed, the Manager determines if such creation pursuant to a Cash Order will be a Variable Fee Cash Order or an Actual Execution Cash Order, which determination is communicated to the Authorized Participant.

Variable Fee Cash Orders

Unless the Manager determines otherwise in its sole discretion based on market conditions and other factors existing at the time of such Cash Order, all creations pursuant to Cash Orders are expected to be executed as Variable Fee Cash Orders, and any price differential between (x) the Total Basket NAV on the trade date and (y) the price realized in acquiring the corresponding Total Basket Amount will be borne solely by the Liquidity Provider until such digital assets have been received by the Fund.

The Manager anticipates that the Fund’s cost to acquire the Total Basket Amount in connection with a Variable Fee Cash Order will equal the sum of the corresponding Total Basket NAV and Variable Fee to be delivered by the Authorized Participant to the Fund. In the event that, by 12:00 p.m., New York time on the settlement date of a creation pursuant to a Variable Fee Cash Order, either (x) the Fund’s Vault Balance has not been credited with Fund Components in an amount equal to the Fund Components included in the Total Basket Amount or (y) the Cash Account has not been credited with the Total Basket NAV, plus any Variable Fee, such Cash Order will be deemed a failed trade, with any consideration that has been delivered by the Authorized Participant or the Liquidity Provider in respect of such Cash Order being returned by the Fund.

The Transfer Agent shall under no circumstances cause the Fund to issue Shares in respect of a Variable Fee Cash Order until such time as each of (x) the Total Basket Amount and (y) the Total Basket NAV, plus any Variable Fee, has been delivered to the Fund, and the Fund is in simultaneous possession of both.

Actual Execution Cash Orders

With respect to a creation pursuant to an Actual Execution Cash Order, as between the Fund and an Authorized Participant, the Authorized Participant is responsible for the dollar cost of the difference between the digital asset prices utilized in calculating Total Basket NAV on the trade date and the price at which the Fund acquires the digital assets on the settlement date. If the price realized in acquiring the corresponding Total Basket Amount is higher than the Total Basket NAV, the Authorized Participant will bear the dollar cost of such difference by delivering cash in the amount of such difference (the “Additional Creation Cash”) to the Cash Account. If the price realized in acquiring the corresponding Total Basket Amount is lower than the Total Basket NAV, the Authorized Participant will benefit from such difference, with the Fund promptly returning cash in the amount of such excess (the “Excess Creation Cash”) to the Authorized Participant.

In the event that, by 12:00 p.m., New York time on the settlement date of a creation pursuant to an Actual Execution Cash Order, either (x) the Fund’s Vault Balance has not been credited with digital assets in an amount equal to the Total Basket Amount or (y) the Cash Account has not been credited with the Total Basket NAV (net of any Additional Creation Cash or Excess Creation Cash, if applicable), such Cash Order will be deemed a failed trade, with any consideration that has been delivered by the Authorized Participant or the Liquidity Provider in respect of such Cash Order being returned by the Fund.

The Transfer Agent shall under no circumstances cause the Fund to issue Shares in respect of a Cash Order until such time as each of (x) the Total Basket Amount and (y) the Total Basket NAV (net of any Additional Creation Cash or Excess Creation Cash, if applicable) has been delivered to the Fund, and the Fund is in simultaneous possession of both.

Redemption Procedures

The procedures by which an Authorized Participant can redeem one or more Baskets mirror the procedures for the creation of Baskets. On any business day, an Authorized Participant may place a redemption order specifying the number of Baskets to be redeemed.

The redemption of Shares pursuant to Cash Orders will only take place if approved by the Manager in writing, in its sole discretion and on a case-by-case basis. In exercising its discretion to approve the redemption of Shares pursuant to Cash Orders, the Manager expects to take into consideration a number of factors, including (i) the availability of Liquidity Providers to facilitate Cash Orders and (ii) to the extent the Fund is permitted to create and redeem Shares via in-kind transactions with Authorized Participants, the cost of processing Cash Orders relative to the cost of processing In-Kind Orders. If the Manager decides to limit Cash Orders and the Fund is unable to satisfy redemption orders made in cash, the Fund’s ability to redeem new Shares could be negatively impacted or, if the Fund is not permitted to create and redeem Shares via in-kind transactions with Authorized Participants as of such time, would be unavailable, which could impact the Shares’ liquidity and/or cause the Shares to trade at discounts, and could have a negative impact on the value of the Shares. In addition, if the Manager decides to limit Cash Orders at a time when the Shares are trading at a discount to the NAV per Share, and the Fund is not permitted to create and redeem Shares via in-kind transactions with Authorized Participants as of such time or the in-kind redemption of Shares is otherwise unavailable, the arbitrage mechanism may fail to effectively function, which could impact the Shares’ liquidity and/or cause the Shares to trade at discounts to the NAV per Share, and otherwise have a negative impact on the value of the Shares. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Fund and the Shares—The lack of ability to facilitate in-kind creations and redemptions of Shares could have adverse consequences for the Fund” for more information. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Fund and the Shares—The restrictions on transfer and redemption may result in losses on the value of the Shares.

Cash Orders for redemption must be placed no later than 1:59:59 p.m., New York time on each business day. The Authorized Participants may only redeem Baskets and cannot redeem any Shares in an amount less than a Basket.

Redemptions pursuant to Cash Orders will take place as follows, where “T” is the trade date and each day in the sequence must be a business day. Before a redemption pursuant to a Cash Order is placed, the Manager determines if such redemption order will be a Variable Fee Cash Order or an Actual Execution Cash Order, which determination is communicated to the Authorized Participant.

Variable Fee Cash Orders

Unless the Manager determines otherwise in its sole discretion based on market conditions and other factors existing at the time of such Cash Order, all redemptions pursuant to Cash Orders are expected to be executed as Variable Fee Cash Orders, and any price differential between (x) the Total Basket NAV on the trade date and (y) the price realized in disposing of the corresponding Total Basket Amount will be borne solely by the Liquidity Provider.

The Manager anticipates that the Fund’s proceeds from liquidating the Total Basket Amount in connection with a Variable Fee Cash Order will equal the corresponding Total Basket NAV less the Variable Fee to be delivered by the Liquidity Provider to the Fund. In the event that, by 12:00 p.m. (New York time) on the settlement date of a redemption pursuant to a Variable Fee Cash Order, either (x) the Transfer Agent’s account at The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) has not been credited with the total number of Shares corresponding to the total number of Baskets to be redeemed or (y) the Cash Account has not been credited with the Total Basket NAV, less any Variable Fee, such Cash Order will be deemed a failed trade, with any consideration that has been delivered by the Authorized Participant or the Liquidity Provider in respect of such Cash Order being returned by the Fund.

The Transfer Agent shall under no circumstances deliver the Required Redemption Cash to the Authorized Participant in respect of a Variable Fee Cash Order until such time as (x) the Baskets to be redeemed have been delivered to the Transfer Agent and (y) the Total Basket NAV, less any Variable Fee, has been delivered to the Cash Account, and the Fund and/or the Transfer Agent is in simultaneous possession of both.

Actual Execution Cash Orders

With respect to a redemption pursuant to an Actual Execution Cash Order, as between the Fund and an Authorized Participant, the Authorized Participant is responsible for the dollar cost of the difference between the digital asset prices utilized in calculating Total Basket NAV on the trade date and the price at which the Fund disposes of the digital assets on the settlement date. If the price realized in disposing the corresponding Total Basket Amount on the settlement date is lower than the Total Basket NAV on the trade date, the Authorized Participant will bear the dollar cost of such difference (the “Redemption Cash Shortfall”), with the amount of cash to be delivered to the Authorized Participant being reduced by the amount of such Redemption Cash Shortfall. If the price realized in disposing the corresponding Total Basket Amount on the settlement date is higher than the Total Basket NAV on the trade date, the Fund will deliver cash in the amount of such excess (the “Additional Redemption Cash”) to the Authorized Participant.

In the event that, by 12:00 p.m. (New York time) on the settlement date of a redemption pursuant to an Actual Execution Cash Order, either (x) the Transfer Agent’s account at DTC has not been credited with the total number of Shares corresponding to the total number of Baskets to be redeemed or (y) the Cash Account has not been credited with the Total Basket NAV (plus any Additional Redemption Cash or net of any Redemption Cash Shortfall), such Cash Order will be deemed a failed trade, with any consideration that has been delivered by the Authorized Participant or the Liquidity Provider in respect of such Cash Order being returned by the Fund.

The Transfer Agent shall under no circumstances deliver the Required Redemption Cash to the Authorized Participant in respect of a Cash Order until such time as (x) the Total Basket Amount has been delivered to the Transfer Agent and (y) the Total Basket NAV (plus any Additional Redemption Cash or net of any Redemption Cash Shortfall, if applicable) has been delivered to the Fund, and the Fund and/or the Transfer Agent is in simultaneous possession of both.

Suspension or Rejection of Orders and Total Basket Amount

The creation or redemption of Shares may be suspended generally, or refused with respect to particular requested creations or redemptions, during any period when the transfer books of the Transfer Agent are closed or if circumstances outside the control of the Manager or its delegates make it for all practical purposes not feasible to process creation orders or redemption orders or for any other reason at any time or from time to time. The Marketing Agent may reject an order or, after accepting an order, may cancel such order, if: (i) such order is not presented in proper form as described in the Participant Agreement, (ii) to the extent the Fund is permitted to create and redeem Shares via in-kind transactions with Authorized Participants, in the case of In-Kind Orders, the transfer of the Total Basket Amount comes from an account other than a digital asset wallet address that is known to the Custodian as belonging to the Authorized Participant or its AP Designee or (iii) the fulfillment of the order, in the opinion of counsel, might be unlawful, among other reasons. The Manager may reject an order or, after accepting an order, may cancel such order by rejecting the Total Basket Amount, in the case of creations, or the Baskets to be redeemed, if (i) such order is not presented in proper form as described in the Participant Agreement, (ii) the transfer of the Total Basket Amount comes from an account other than a digital wallet address that is known to the Custodian as belonging to the Authorized Participant or a Liquidity Provider, or (iii) the fulfillment of the order, in the opinion of counsel, might be unlawful, among other reasons. None of the Manager or its delegates will be liable for the suspension, rejection or acceptance of any creation order or redemption order.

The Manager will notify investors of any suspension of creations or redemptions of Shares by filing a current report on Form 8-K. Suspension of the creation or redemption of Shares could negatively impact the Shares’ liquidity and/or cause the Shares to trade at premiums and discounts, and otherwise have a negative impact on the value of the Shares.

Tax Responsibility

Authorized Participants are responsible for any transfer tax, sales or use tax, stamp tax, recording tax, value-added tax or similar tax or governmental charge applicable to the creation of Baskets, regardless of whether such tax or charge is imposed directly on the

Authorized Participants, and agree to indemnify the Manager and the Fund if the Manager or the Fund is required by law to pay any such tax, together with any applicable penalties, additions to tax or interest thereon.

Valuation of Digital Assets and Determination of NAV

The Manager will evaluate the digital assets held by the Fund and determine the NAV of the Fund in accordance with the relevant provisions of the LLC Agreement and the Prime Broker Agreement (collectively, the “Fund Documents”). The following is a description of the material terms of the Fund Documents as they relate to valuation of the Fund’s digital assets and the NAV calculations, which is calculated using non-GAAP methodology and is not used in the Fund’s financial statements.

At 4:00 p.m., New York time, on each business day, or as soon thereafter as practicable (the “Evaluation Time”), the Manager will evaluate the digital assets held by the Fund and calculate and publish the NAV of the Fund., New York time, on each business day, or as soon thereafter as practicable, the Manager will evaluate the digital assets held by the Fund and calculate and publish the NAV of the Fund. The Evaluation Time will generally last up to three hours following 4:00 p.m., New York time, each day or as soon as practicable thereafter., New York time, or as soon thereafter as practicable. Upon the completion of the Evaluation Time, the NAV is released to the public typically by 5:30 p.m. ET and generally no later than 8:00 p.m. ET. The Evaluation Time provides an opportunity for the Manager to detect, flag, investigate, and correct unusual pricing should it occur. Any such correction could adversely affect the value of the Shares. To calculate the NAV, the Manager will:

Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that the Manager determines that the primary methodology used to determine any of the Index Prices is not an appropriate basis for valuation of the Fund’s digital assets, the Manager will utilize the cascading set of rules as described in “Overview of the Digital Asset Industry and Market—Fund Component Value—Digital Asset Trading Platform Valuation.”

The Manager will publish the Fund’s NAV and the NAV per Share on the Fund’s website as soon as practicable after its determination by the Manager. If the NAV and NAV per Share have been calculated using a price for a Fund Component or Forked Asset other than an Index Price, the publication on the Fund’s website will note the valuation methodology used and the price per digital asset held by the Fund resulting from such calculation.

In the event of a hard fork of the network for any Fund Component, the Manager will use its discretion to determine, in good faith, which peer-to-peer network, among a group of incompatible forks of such network, is generally accepted as such network for such Fund Component and should therefore be considered the appropriate network for such Fund Component for the Fund’s purposes. The Manager will base its determination on a variety of then relevant factors, including (but not limited to) the following: (i) the Manager’s beliefs

regarding expectations of the core developers, users, services, businesses, miners or validators and other constituencies and (ii) the actual continued acceptance of, mining or validating power on, and community engagement with the relevant network.

The shareholders may rely on any evaluation furnished by the Manager. The determinations that the Manager makes will be made in good faith upon the basis of, and the Manager will not be liable for any errors contained in, information reasonably available to it. The Manager will not be liable to the Authorized Participants, the shareholders or any other person for errors in judgment. However, the preceding liability exclusion will not protect the Manager against any liability resulting from gross negligence, willful misconduct or bad faith in the performance of its duties.

Expenses; Sales of Digital Assets

The Fund’s only ordinary recurring expense is expected to be the Manager’s Fee. From January 1, 2021 to September 18, 2025, the Manager’s Fee was 2.5%. Effective September 19, 2025, the Manager’s Fee was lowered to 0.59%. The Manager’s Fee will accrue daily in U.S. dollars at an annual rate of 0.59% of the Fund’s NAV Fee Basis Amount as of 4:00 p.m., New York time, and will generally be paid in the tokens of the Fund Components then held by the Fund in proportion to their respective Fund Weightings. For any day that is not a business day or in a Fund Rebalancing Period, the Manager’s Fee will accrue in U.S. dollars at a rate of 0.59% of the NAV Fee Basis Amount of the Fund from the most recent business day, reduced by the accrued and unpaid Manager’s Fee for such most recent business day and for each day after such most recent business day and prior to the relevant calculation date. The U.S. dollar amount of the Manager’s Fee will be converted into Fund Components on a daily basis by multiplying such U.S. dollar amount by the Fund Weighting for each Fund Component and dividing the resulting product for each Fund Component by the Index Price for such Fund Component on such day. We refer to the amount of tokens of each Fund Component payable as the Manager’s Fee for any day as a “Fund Component Fee Amount.” For any day that is not a business day or during a Fund Rebalancing Period for which the NAV Fee Basis Amount is not calculated, the amount of each Fund Component payable in respect of such day’s U.S. dollar accrual of the Manager’s Fee will be determined by reference to the Fund Component Fee Amount from the most recent business day. Payments of the Manager’s Fee will be made monthly in arrears.

Expenses to Be Paid by the Manager

The Fund pays the Manager’s Fee to the Manager. As partial consideration for its receipt of the Manager’s Fee from the Fund, the Manager shall assume and pay the following fees and other expenses incurred by the Fund in the ordinary course of its affairs, excluding taxes, but including: (i) the fee payable to the marketer for services it provides to the Fund (the “Marketing Fee”); (ii) the fee payable to any administrator of the Fund for services it provides to the Fund, which the Manager will pay such administrator as a Manager-paid Expense (the “Administrator Fee”); (iii) the fee payable to the Custodian and Prime Broker for services they provide to the Fund (the “Custodian Fee”) and fees for any other security vendor engaged by the Fund; (iv) the fee payable to the Transfer Agent for services it provides to the Fund; (v) the fees and expenses related to the listing, quotation or trading of the Shares on any secondary market (including customary legal, marketing and audit fees and expenses) in an amount up to $600,000 in any given fiscal year; (vi) ordinary course legal fees and expenses; (vii) audit fees; (viii) regulatory fees, including, if applicable, any fees relating to the registration of the Shares under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act and fees relating to registration and any other regulatory requirements in the Cayman Islands; (ix) printing and mailing costs; (x) costs of maintaining the Fund’s website; and (xi) applicable license fees (the “Manager-paid Expenses”). As partial consideration for its receipt of the Manager’s Fee from the Fund, the Manager shall assume and pay the following fees and other expenses incurred by the Fund in the ordinary course of its affairs, excluding taxes, but including: (i) the Marketing Fee; (ii) the Administrator Fee; (iii) the Custodian Fee and fees for any other security vendor engaged by the Fund; (iv) the Transfer Agent fee; (v) the fees and expenses related to the listing, quotation or trading of the Shares on any secondary market (including customary legal, marketing and audit fees and expenses) in an amount up to $600,000 in any given fiscal year; (vi) ordinary course legal fees and expenses; (vii) audit fees; (viii) regulatory fees, including, if applicable, any fees relating to the registration of the Shares under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act and fees relating to registration and any other regulatory requirements in the Cayman Islands; (ix) printing and mailing costs; (x) costs of maintaining the Fund’s website; and (xi) applicable license fees (the “Manager-paid Expenses”).

The Manager’s Fee will generally be paid in Fund Components. If the Fund holds any Forked Assets or cash, the Fund may also pay all or a portion of the Manager’s Fee in Forked Assets and/or cash in lieu of paying the Manager’s Fee in Fund Components, in which case, the Fund Component Fee Amounts in respect of such payment will be correspondingly and proportionally reduced.

After the payment of the Manager’s Fee to the Manager, the Manager may elect to convert any digital assets it receives into U.S. dollars. The rate at which the Manager converts such digital assets into U.S. dollars may differ from the rate at which the Manager’s Fee was initially determined. The Fund will not be responsible for any fees and expenses incurred by the Manager to convert digital assets received in payment of the Manager’s Fee into U.S. dollars. The Manager, from time to time, may temporarily waive all or a portion of the Manager’s Fee at its sole discretion. Presently, the Manager does not intend to waive any of the Manager’s Fee and there are no circumstances under which the Manager has determined it will definitely waive the fee. The Manager is under no obligation to waive any portion of its fees and any such waiver shall create no obligation to waive any such fees during any period not covered by the waiver.

The Manager has not assumed the obligation to pay Additional Fund Expenses. The Manager has not assumed the obligation to pay Additional Fund Expenses.

Extraordinary and Other Expenses

In certain extraordinary circumstances, the Fund may incur certain extraordinary, non-recurring expenses that are not Manager-paid Expenses, including, but not limited to: taxes and governmental charges; expenses and costs of any extraordinary services performed by the Manager (or any other service provider) on behalf of the Fund to protect the Fund or the interests of shareholders (including in connection with any Forked Assets); any indemnification of the Custodian or other agents, service providers or

counterparties of the Fund; the fees and expenses related to the listing, quotation or trading of the Shares on any secondary market (including legal, marketing and audit fees and expenses) to the extent exceeding $600,000 in any given fiscal year; and extraordinary legal fees and expenses, including any legal fees and expenses incurred in connection with litigation, regulatory enforcement or investigation matters (collectively, “Additional Fund Expenses”).

If Additional Fund Expenses are incurred, the Manager will (i) withdraw Fund Components from the Custodial Account in proportion to their respective Fund Weightings at such time and in such quantity as may be necessary to permit payment of such Additional Fund Expenses and (ii) may either (x) cause the Fund to convert such Fund Components into U.S. dollars or other fiat currencies at the price per single unit of such Fund Component, determined net of any associated fees, at which the Fund is able to sell such Fund Component for U.S. dollars (or other applicable fiat currency) at such time to enable the Fund to timely pay any Additional Fund Expenses, through use of the Manager’s commercially reasonable efforts to obtain the highest such price (the “Actual Exchange Rate”) or (y) cause the Fund (or its delegate) to deliver such Fund Components in kind in satisfaction of such Additional Fund Expenses. If the Fund holds cash and/or Forked Assets, the Fund may also pay all or a portion of the Additional Fund Expenses in cash or Forked Assets instead of Fund Components, in which case, the amount of Fund Components that would otherwise have been used to satisfy such Additional Fund Expenses will be correspondingly and proportionally reduced.

The fractional amount of Fund Components, or the amount of Forked Assets and/or cash, represented by each Share will decline each time the Fund pays the Manager’s Fee or any Additional Fund Expenses by transferring or selling Fund Components, Forked Assets and/or cash.

Forked Assets; Appointment of Agent

The Fund may from time to time hold positions in assets other than Fund Components arising as a result of a fork, airdrop or similar event (“Forked Assets”).

Pursuant to the terms of the LLC Agreement, the Fund may take any lawful action necessary or desirable in connection with its ownership of Forked Assets. Pursuant to the terms of the LLC Agreement, the Fund may take any lawful action necessary or desirable in connection with its ownership of Forked Assets. These actions may include (i) selling in the Digital Asset Markets Forked Assets and distributing the cash proceeds to shareholders, (ii) distributing Forked Assets in kind to the shareholders or to an agent acting on behalf of the shareholders for sale by such agent if an in-kind distribution would otherwise be infeasible, (iii) irrevocably abandoning Forked Assets and (iv) holding Forked Assets until the subsequent Fund Rebalancing Period, at which point the Manager may take any of the foregoing actions.

On July 29, 2019, the Manager delivered to the Custodian a notice (the “Pre-Creation Abandonment Notice”) stating that the Fund is abandoning irrevocably for no direct or indirect consideration, effective immediately prior to each time at which the Fund creates Shares (any such time, a “Creation Time”), all Forked Assets to which it would otherwise be entitled as of such time. The Prime Broker Agreement provides that the Fund also will abandon irrevocably for no direct or indirect consideration, effective immediately prior to each Creation Time and each time at which the Fund redeems Shares (any such time, a “Redemption Time”), all Forked Assets to which it would otherwise be entitled as of such time (such provision, as amended or supplemented from time to time, the “Pre-Redemption Abandonment Notice” and, together with the Pre-Creation Abandonment Notice, the “Pre-Creation/Redemption Abandonment Notices”). An abandonment made pursuant to a Pre-Creation/Redemption Abandonment Notice is referred to herein as a “Pre-Creation/Redemption Abandonment.” Pursuant to the Pre-Creation/Redemption Abandonment Notices, provided that a Pre-Creation Abandonment Notice would not apply to any Forked Assets if (i) the Fund has taken, or is taking at such time, an “Affirmative Action” to acquire or abandon such Forked Assets at any time prior to the relevant Creation Time or Redemption Time or (ii) such Forked Assets has been subject to a previous Pre-Creation/Redemption Abandonment. An Affirmative Action is a written notification from the Manager to the Prime Broker, the Custodian or Coinbase Credit of the Fund’s intention (i) to acquire and/or retain a Forked Asset or (ii) to abandon any Forked Assets with effect prior to the relevant Creation time or Redemption Time (“Affirmative Action”). An Affirmative Action is a written notification from the Manager to the Custodian of the Fund’s intention (i) to acquire and/or retain any Forked Assets or (ii) to abandon any Forked Assets with effect prior to the relevant Creation Time.

As a result of the Pre-Creation/Redemption Abandonment Notices, since July 29, 2019, the Fund has irrevocably abandoned, prior to the Creation Time of any Shares (and, after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, prior to the Redemption Time of any Shares), any Forked Assets that it may have any right to receive at such time. The Fund has no right to receive any Forked Assets abandoned pursuant to either the Pre-Creation/Redemption Abandonment Notices or Affirmative Actions. The Fund has no right to receive any Forked Asset abandoned pursuant to either the Pre-Creation Abandonment Notice or an Affirmative Action. Furthermore, the Prime Broker, the Custodian and Coinbase Credit have no authority, pursuant to the Prime Broker Agreement or otherwise, to exercise, obtain or hold, as the case may be, any such abandoned Forked Assets on behalf of the Fund or to transfer any such abandoned Forked Assets to the Fund if the Fund terminates its custodial arrangement with the Prime Broker, the Custodian. Furthermore, the Custodian has no authority, pursuant to the Custodian Agreement or otherwise, to exercise, obtain or hold, as the case may be, any such abandoned Forked Asset on behalf of the Fund or to transfer any such abandoned Forked Asset to the Fund if the Fund terminates its custodial agreement with the Custodian. and Coinbase Credit. In addition, in connection with the Fund’s listing on the NYSE Arca, the Manager has committed to cause the Fund not to take any Affirmative Action to acquire any Forked Assets, thereby irrevocably abandoning any Forked Assets to which the Fund may become entitled in the future.

Because the Manager has now committed to causing the Fund to irrevocably abandon all Forked Assets to which the Fund otherwise would become entitled in the future, and causing the Fund not to take any Affirmative Actions, the Fund will not receive any direct or indirect consideration for the Forked Assets and thus the value of the Shares will not reflect the value of the Forked Assets. Although the methodology the Manager uses for the valuation of digital assets and calculation of the Fund’s NAV includes the aggregate U.S. dollar value of any Forked Assets then held by the Fund, Forked Assets will not impact the calculation because they will have been

irrevocably abandoned. In addition, in the event the Manager seeks to change the Fund’s policy with respect to Forked Assets, an application would need to be filed with the SEC by NYSE Arca seeking approval to amend its listing rules to permit the Fund to distribute the Forked Assets in-kind to an agent of the shareholders for resale by such agent. However, there can be no assurance as to whether or when the Manager would make such a decision, or when NYSE Arca will seek or obtain this approval, if at all. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Fund and the Shares—Shareholders will not receive the benefits of any forks or airdrops. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Fund and the Shares—The restrictions on transfer and redemption may result in losses on the value of the Shares. ”

The Manager has controls in place to monitor for material hard forks or airdrops. The Manager will notify investors of any material change to its policy with respect to Forked Assets by filing a current report on Form 8-K. The Manager will notify investors of any such material event by filing a current report on Form 8-K.

Dispositions of Fund Components

The Fund will pay the Manager’s Fee to the Manager in Fund Components held by the Fund, in cash. In addition, the Fund will sell Fund Components to raise the funds needed for the payment of any Additional Fund Expenses or will pay Additional Fund Expenses in Fund Components held by the Fund in cash. Fund Components, as well as the value of any cash held by the Fund, will be the Fund’s sole source of funds to cover the Manager’s Fee and any Additional Fund Expenses. Fund Components, as well as the value of any cash or Forked Assets held by the Fund, will be the Fund’s sole source of funds to cover the Manager’s Fee and any Additional Fund Expenses. To cause the Fund to pay the Manager’s Fee, the Manager shall, instructing the Custodian as necessary, withdraw from the relevant Custodial Account the amount of tokens of each Fund Component equal to the Fund Component Fee Amount for such Fund Component and transfer such tokens of all Fund Components to the Manager’s account at such times as the Manager determines in its absolute discretion. To cause the Fund to pay the Manager’s Fee, the Manager shall, instructing the Custodian as necessary, withdraw from the 45 relevant Digital Asset Account the amount of tokens of each Fund Component equal to the Fund Component Fee Amount for such Fund Component and transfer such tokens of all Fund Components to the Manager’s account at such times as the Manager determines in its absolute discretion. To cause the Fund to pay the Additional Fund Expenses, if any, the Manager or its delegates shall, instructing the Custodian as necessary, (i) withdraw Fund Components from the Custodial Accounts in proportion to their respective Weightings at such time and in such quantity as may be necessary to permit payment of such Additional Fund Expenses and (ii) may either (x) cause the Fund (or its delegate) to convert such Fund Components into U.S. Dollars or other fiat currencies at the Actual Exchange Rate or (y) when the Manager incurs such expenses on behalf of the Fund, cause the Fund (or its delegate) to deliver such Fund Components in kind to the Manager in satisfaction of such Additional Fund Expenses.

Because the amount of Fund Components and/or cash, held by the Fund will decrease when Fund Components are used to pay the Manager’s Fee or any Additional Fund Expenses, it is expected that the fractional amount of Fund Components and/or cash, represented by each Share will gradually decrease over the life of the Fund. Accordingly, the shareholders will bear the cost of the Manager’s Fee and Additional Fund Expenses. New digital assets that are transferred into the Custodial Accounts in exchange for new Baskets issued by the Fund will not reverse this trend. New digital assets that are transferred into the Digital Asset Accounts in exchange for new Baskets issued by the Fund will not reverse this trend.

Discretion of the Manager and Index Provider

The Manager has sole discretion to replace the CD5 with a different Large Cap index and sole discretion to replace the Index Provider with a different Large Cap index provider, and may replace either the CD5 or the Index Provider from time to time. The Index Provider has sole discretion over the CD5 Methodology and may change it from time to time. The current CD5 Methodology and current Index Components are available at the Index Provider’s public website, at https://indices.coindesk.com/indices/cd5. The Index Provider has sole discretion over the determination of Index Prices and may change the methodologies for determining the Index Prices from time to time.

Description of the LLC Agreement

The following is a description of the material terms of the LLC Agreement. The LLC Agreement establishes the roles, rights and duties of the Manager, the Fund and the Shareholders. The LLC Agreement establishes the roles, rights and duties of the Manager and the Fund.

The Manager

Under the LLC Agreement, the management of the Fund is vested exclusively in the Manager. The Manager may appoint such officers of the Fund on such terms as may be determined by the Manager and with such powers and authorities as may be delegated to such officers. The Manager may appoint any person, firm or corporation to act as an authorized person or service provider to the Fund and may entrust to and confer upon any such authorized persons or service providers any of the functions, duties, powers and discretions exercisable by the Manager, upon such terms and conditions (including as to remuneration payable by the Fund) and with such powers of delegation, but subject to such restrictions, as the Manager thinks fit.

Liability of the Manager and Indemnification

Neither the Manager nor the Fund insures the Fund’s digital assets. The Manager and its affiliates (each a “Covered Person”) will not be liable to the Fund or any shareholder for any loss suffered by the Fund which arises out of any action or inaction of such Covered Person if such Covered Person determined in good faith that such course of conduct was in the best interests of the Fund. However, the preceding liability exclusion will not protect any Covered Person against any liability resulting from its own actual fraud, willful misconduct, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties.

Each Covered Person will be indemnified by the Fund against any loss, judgment, liability, expense incurred or amount paid in settlement of any claim sustained by it in connection with the Covered Person’s activities for the Fund, provided that (i) such Covered

Person was acting on behalf of, or performing services for, the Fund and had determined, in good faith, that such course of conduct was in the best interests of the Fund and such liability or loss was not the result of actual fraud, gross negligence, bad faith, willful misconduct or a material breach of the LLC Agreement on the part of such Covered Person and (ii) any such indemnification will be recoverable only from the property of the Fund. Any amounts payable to an indemnified party will be payable in advance under certain circumstances.

Fiduciary and Regulatory Duties of the Manager

The Manager has duties (including fiduciary duties) and liabilities relating thereto to the Fund. In fulfilling its duties, the Manager may take into account such factors as the Manager deems appropriate or necessary. In fulfilling their duties, the Manager may take into account such factors as the Manager deems appropriate or necessary. The general fiduciary duties that apply to the Manager are defined and limited in scope by the LLC Agreement.

In addition to any other requirements of applicable law, Section 6.4 of the LLC Agreement provides that no shareholder will have the right, power or authority to bring or maintain a derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of the Fund unless two or more shareholders who (i) are not affiliates of one another and (ii) collectively hold at least 10.0% of the outstanding Shares join in the bringing or maintaining of such action, suit or other proceeding.

This provision applies to any derivative action brought in the name of the Fund other than claims brought under the federal securities laws or the rules and regulations thereunder, to which Section 7.4 does not apply. Due to this additional requirement, a shareholder attempting to bring a derivative action in the name of the Fund will be required to locate other shareholders with which it is not affiliated and that have sufficient Shares to meet the 10.0% threshold based on the number of Shares outstanding on the date the claim is brought and thereafter throughout the duration of the action, suit or proceeding.

Any shareholders seeking to bring a derivative action may determine whether the 10.0% ownership threshold required to bring a
derivative action has been met by dividing the number Shares owned by such shareholders by the total number of Shares outstanding.
Shareholders may determine the total number of Shares outstanding by reviewing the Fund’s annual filings on Form 10-K, quarterly
filings on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K reporting sales of unregistered securities pursuant to Item 3.02 thereof, or by
requesting the number of Shares outstanding at any time from the Manager pursuant to Sections 7.2 and 8.1 of the LLC Agreement.
The Fund offers Shares on a periodic basis at such times and for such periods as the Manager determines in its sole discretion. The Fund offers Shares on a periodic basis at such times and for such periods as the Manager determines in its sole discretion. As a
result, in order to maintain the 10.0% ownership threshold required to maintain a derivative action, shareholders may need to increase
their holdings or locate additional shareholders during the pendency of a claim.

Actions Taken to Protect the Fund

The Manager may prosecute, defend, settle or compromise actions or claims at law or in equity that it considers necessary or proper to protect the Fund or the interests of the shareholders. The expenses incurred by the Manager in connection therewith (including the fees and disbursements of legal counsel) will be expenses of the Fund and are deemed to be Additional Fund Expenses. The Manager will be entitled to be reimbursed for the Additional Fund Expenses it pays on behalf of the Fund.

Successor Managers

In the event that the filing of a certificate of dissolution or revocation of the Manager’s charter (and the expiration of 90 days after the date of notice to the Manager of revocation without a reinstatement of its charter) or the withdrawal, removal, adjudication or admission of bankruptcy or insolvency of the Manager has occurred, shareholders holding Shares representing at least a majority (over 50%) of the Shares may vote to appoint one or more successor managers. If the Manager withdraws and a successor manager is named, the withdrawing manager shall pay all expenses as a result of its withdrawal and make such filings with the Registrar as are necessary to appoint the successor manager. If the Manager withdraws and a successor Manager is named, the withdrawing Manager shall pay all expenses as a result of its withdrawal and make such filings with the Registrar as are necessary to appoint the successor Manager.

Possible Repayment of Distributions Received by Shareholders; Indemnification by Shareholders

The Shares are limited liability investments. Investors may not lose more than the amount that they invest plus any profits recognized on their investment. Although it is unlikely, the Manager may, from time to time, make distributions to the shareholders. However, shareholders could be required, as a matter of bankruptcy law, to return to the estate of the Fund any distribution they received at a time when the Fund was in fact insolvent or in violation of its LLC Agreement. In addition, the LLC Agreement provides that shareholders will indemnify the Fund for any harm suffered by it as a result of shareholders’ actions unrelated to the activities of the Fund. In addition, the LLC Agreement provides that 48 shareholders will indemnify the Fund for any harm suffered by it as a result of shareholders’ actions unrelated to the activities of the Fund.

Holding of Fund Property

The Fund will hold and record the ownership of the Fund’s assets in a manner such that it will be owned for the benefit of the shareholders for the purposes of, and subject to and limited by the terms and conditions set forth in, the LLC Agreement. The Fund will not create, incur or assume any indebtedness or borrow money from or loan money to any person. The Manager may not commingle the Fund’s assets with those of any other person, provided that any delay between the sale of assets to a third party and transfer of such

assets from the Cash Account or Custodial Account to such third party in settlement of such sale will not be deemed to be a contravention of this prohibition.

Amendments to the LLC Agreement

In general, the Manager may amend the LLC Agreement without the consent of any shareholder. However, no amendments to the LLC Agreement that materially adversely affect the interests of shareholders may be made without the vote of at least a majority (over 50%) of the Shares (not including any Shares held by the Manager or its affiliates). A shareholder will be deemed to have consented to a modification or amendment of the LLC Agreement if the Manager has notified the shareholders in writing of the proposed modification or amendment and the shareholder has not, within 20 calendar days of such notice, notified the Manager in writing the shareholder objects to such modification or amendment.

Termination of the Fund

Pursuant to the terms of the LLC Agreement, the Fund is required to dissolve under certain circumstances. In addition, the Manager may, in its sole discretion, dissolve the Fund for a number of reasons, including if the Manager determines, in its sole discretion, that it is desirable or advisable for any reason to discontinue the affairs of the Fund.

Upon dissolution of the Fund and surrender of Shares by the shareholders, shareholders will receive a distribution in U.S. dollars or in digital assets, at the sole discretion of the Manager, after the Manager has sold the Fund’s Digital Assets, if applicable, and has paid or made provision for the Fund’s claims and obligations.

Governing Law

The LLC Agreement and the rights of the Manager and shareholders under the LLC Agreement are governed by the laws of the Cayman Islands.

Description of the Prime Broker Agreement

The Prime Broker Agreement establishes the rights and responsibilities of the Custodian, the Prime Broker, the Manager and the Fund with respect to the Fund’s digital assets which are held in accounts maintained and operated by the Custodian, as a fiduciary with respect to the Fund’s assets, and the Prime Broker (together with the Custodian, the “Custodial Entities”) on behalf of the Fund. For a general description of the Custodian’s obligations, see “—Service Providers of the Fund—The Custodian and Prime Broker. For a general description of the Custodian’s obligations, see “The Custodian. ”

Account; Location of Digital Assets

All of the Fund’s digital assets, other than those credited to a settlement balance maintained with the Prime Broker (the “Settlement Balance”), are held in the Custodial Account maintained on the books of the Custodian, as to which the Custodian controls the private keys which allow for the transfer of ownership or control of the Fund’s digital assets on the Fund’s behalf and are allocated to the Vault Balance. The Prime Broker Agreement provides that the Fund’s Vault Balance will be held by the Custodian in segregated wallets or accounts. The Custodian will keep all of the private keys associated with the Fund’s digital assets held in the Vault Balance in an offline manner. For additional information regarding cold and hot storage, see “—Custody of the Fund’s Digital Assets. For additional information, see “—Custody of the Fund’s Digital Assets. ”

Additionally, at the Manager’s discretion, a portion of the Fund’s digital asset holdings may be credited to the Settlement Balance, which will be reflected in a ledger maintained on the books of the Prime Broker. The Prime Broker Agreement provides that any digital assets credited to the Fund’s Settlement Balance will be held (i) in omnibus cold storage wallets; (ii) in omnibus hot storage wallets; or (iii) in omnibus accounts with one of the third-party venues to which Coinbase has established connections (each, a “Coinbase Connected Venue”). The Settlement Balance shall be separate from the Vault Balance and any other account(s) the Fund or the Manager maintain with the Custodian. From time to time, the Prime Broker may temporarily keep a portion of the private keys associated with the digital assets credited to the Fund’s Settlement Balance in hot storage for purposes of facilitating the receipt and distribution of digital assets in connection with the creation and redemption of Baskets.

The Prime Broker Agreement states that the Custodian serves as a fiduciary and custodian on the Fund’s behalf with respect to the Fund’s digital assets held in the Vault Balance and the digital assets in the Vault Balance are considered fiduciary assets that remain the Fund’s property at all times and are not treated as general assets of the Custodian. Under the Prime Broker Agreement, the Custodian represents and warrants that it has no right, interest, or title in the digital assets in the Fund’s Vault Balance, and agrees that it will not, directly or indirectly, lend, pledge, hypothecate or rehypothecate such digital assets. Under the Custodian Agreement, the Custodian represents and warrants that it has no right, interest, or title in the digital assets held in the Digital Asset Accounts, and agrees that it will not, directly or indirectly, lend, pledge, hypothecate or rehypothecate such digital assets. With respect to the Fund’s digital assets credited to the Settlement Balance, the Prime Broker maintains an internal ledger that specifies the digital assets credited to the Fund’s Settlement Balance. The Prime Broker Agreement states that the Prime Broker treats such digital assets as custodial assets held for the benefit of the Fund, and shall not be considered the property of the Prime Broker. Additionally, under the Prime Broker Agreement, the Prime Broker represents and warrants that it will not, directly or indirectly, sell, transfer, loan, rehypothecate or otherwise alienate the Fund’s digital assets credited to the Settlement Balance.

The Prime Broker Agreement also contains an agreement by the parties to treat the digital assets credited to the Fund’s Vault Balance and Settlement Balance as “financial assets” under Article 8 of the New York Uniform Commercial Code (“Article 8”) and to treat the Vault Balance and Settlement Balance as “securities accounts” with respect to which the Fund is the “entitlement holder” within the meaning of Article 8. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risk Factors Related to the Fund and the Shares—The Fund relies on third-party service providers to perform certain functions essential to the affairs of the Fund and the replacement of such service providers could pose challenges to the safekeeping of the Fund’s digital assets and to the operations of the Fund.”

Digital assets credited to the Fund’s Settlement Balance may be held in omnibus wallets maintained by the Prime Broker and/or at Coinbase Connected Venues. While the digital assets credited to the Fund’s Settlement Balance could be commingled with other assets, the digital assets in the Fund’s Settlement Balance will represent entitlement to a pro-rata share of the digital assets held in such omnibus wallets and/or at Coinbase Connected Venues. In all circumstances the Prime Broker will keep an internal ledger that specifies the assets credited to the Settlement Balance such that the Fund, its auditors and regulators can identify the Fund’s pro-rata share of the digital assets held in omnibus wallets and/or at Coinbase Connected Venues. Neither the Fund nor the Manager have a contractual relationship with the Coinbase Connected Venues utilized by the Custodial Entities.

Insurance

Pursuant to the terms of the Prime Broker Agreement, the Custodian is required to maintain insurance in such types and amounts as are commercially reasonable for the custodial services it provides. The Custodian has advised the Manager that it has insurance coverage pursuant to policies held by the Custodian ultimate parent Coinbase Global, Inc. The Custodian has advised the Manager that it has insurance coverage pursuant to policies held by Coinbase Global, Inc. (“Coinbase Global”), which procures fidelity (or crime) insurance coverage at commercially reasonable amounts for the custodial services provided. (“Coinbase”), which procures fidelity (or crime) insurance coverage at commercially reasonable amounts for the custodial services provided. This insurance coverage is limited to losses of the digital assets the Custodian custodies on behalf of its clients, including the Fund’s digital assets, resulting from theft, including internal theft by employees of Coinbase and its subsidiaries and theft or fraud by a director of Coinbase if the director is acting in the capacity of an employee of Coinbase or its subsidiaries. This insurance coverage is limited to losses of the digital assets the Custodian custodies on behalf of its clients, including the Fund Components, resulting from theft, including theft by employees of Coinbase or its subsidiaries and theft or fraud by a director of Coinbase if the director is acting in the capacity of an employee of Coinbase or its subsidiaries. Although the Prime Broker is not required to maintain insurance under the terms of the Prime Broker Agreement, the Custodial Entities have also advised the Manager that they maintain insurance coverage pursuant to such policies held by Coinbase Global.

Moreover, while the Custodian maintains certain capital reserve requirements depending on the assets under custody and to the extent required by applicable law, and such capital reserves may provide additional means to cover client asset losses, the Manager does not know the amount of such capital reserves, and neither the Fund nor the Manager has access to such information. The Fund cannot be assured that the Custodian will maintain capital reserves sufficient to cover losses with respect to the Fund’s digital assets. Furthermore, Coinbase has represented in securities filings that the total value of crypto assets in its possession and control is significantly greater than the total value of insurance coverage that would compensate Coinbase in the event of theft or other loss of funds.

Deposits, Withdrawals and Storage

The Custodian and the Prime Broker provide for: (i) holding of the Fund’s digital assets in the Vault Balance and the Settlement Balance; (ii) transfer of the Fund’s digital assets between the relevant Vault Balance and the Settlement Balance; (iii) the deposit of digital assets from a public blockchain address into the respective account or accounts in which the Vault Balance or the Settlement Balance are maintained; and (iv) the withdrawal of digital assets from the Vault Balance to a public blockchain address the Fund controls (each such transaction is a “Custody Transaction”) (collectively, the “Custodial and Prime Broker Services”).

The Custodian reserves the right to refuse to process or to cancel any pending Custody Transaction as required by law or in response to a subpoena, court order, or other binding government order or to enforce transaction, threshold, and condition limits, in each case as communicated to the Fund as soon as reasonably practicable where the Custodian is permitted to do so, or if the Custodian reasonably believes that the Custody Transaction may violate or facilitate the violation of an applicable law, regulation or applicable rule of a governmental authority or self-regulatory organization. The Custodial Entities may suspend, restrict or terminate the Fund’s and the Manager’s access to the Custodial and Prime Broker Services, and/or suspend, restrict or close the accounts associated with the Fund’s Vault Balance and Settlement Balance (the “Accounts”) if the Fund or Manager has taken certain actions, including any prohibited use or prohibited business as set forth in the Prime Broker Agreement or if either or both of the Custodial Entities are required to do so by a subpoena, court order, or other binding government order.

Standard of Care; Limitations of Liability

The Custodian will use commercially reasonable efforts to keep in safe custody on behalf of the Fund all digital assets received by the Custodian. The Custodial Entities are liable to the Manager and the Fund for the loss of any digital assets to the extent such loss resulted from the negligence, fraud or willful misconduct of the Custodial Entities. To the extent any loss is caused by a Custodial Entity’s negligence, fraud or willful misconduct, the Custodial Entities are required to return to the Fund a quantity of digital assets equal to the quantity of any such lost digital assets.

The Custodial Entities’ or Fund’s total liability under the Prime Broker Agreement will not exceed the greater of: (i) the value of the digital assets or cash involved in the event, including but not limited to transactions or deliveries, giving rise to such liability at the

time of the event giving rise to such liability; (ii) the aggregate amount of fees paid by the Fund to the Custodial Entities in respect of the Custodial and Prime Broker Services in the 12-month period prior to the event giving rise to such liability; or (iii) five million U.S. dollars. The Custodian’s total liability under the Prime Broker Agreement will not exceed the greater of: (i) the aggregate amount of fees paid by the Fund to the Custodian in respect of the custodial services in the 12-month period prior to the event giving rise to such liability; or (ii) the value of the digital assets on deposit in the Vault Balance at the time of the events giving rise to the liability occurred, the value of which will be determined in accordance with the Prime Broker Agreement. In addition, the Custodian’s maximum liability in respect of each cold storage address that holds digital assets shall be limited to $100 million (the “Cold Storage Threshold”). The Manager monitors the value of digital assets deposited in cold storage addresses for whether the Cold Storage Threshold has been met by determining the U.S. dollar value of digital assets deposited in each cold storage address on business days. Although the Cold Storage Threshold has to date not been met for a given cold storage address, to the extent it is met the Fund would not have a claim against the Custodian with respect to the digital assets held in such address to the extent the value exceeds the Cold Storage Threshold. Although the Cold Storage Threshold has never been met for a given cold storage address, to the extent it is met and not reduced within five business days, each Fund would not have a claim against the Custodian with respect to the digital assets held in such address to the extent the value exceeds the Cold Storage Threshold.

The Custodial Entities and the Fund are not liable to each other for any special, incidental, indirect, punitive, or consequential damages, whether or not the other party had been advised of such losses or knew or should have known of the possibility of such damages. In addition, the Custodial Entities are not liable to the Fund for circumstances resulting from certain force majeure events.

Indemnity

The Fund and the Custodial Entities have agreed to indemnify one another from and against certain claims or losses, subject to customary exceptions and limitations.

Fees and Expenses

The Manager will pay an annualized fee to the Coinbase Entities, covering the Fund’s use of the Custodial and Prime Broker Services, that is accrued on a monthly basis as a percentage of the Fund’s monthly assets under custody. The Manager will also pay a monthly fee to the Prime Broker, covering withdrawals and deposits to or from the Settlement Balance in connection with the creation and redemption of Shares.

Term; Termination and Suspension

The Prime Broker Agreement will remain in effect until either party terminates the Prime Broker Agreement; provided, however, that the Coinbase Entities shall not restrict, suspend, or modify any Prime Broker Services following termination of the Prime Broker Agreement by a Custodial Entity without Cause (as defined in the Prime Broker Agreement) or by the Fund until the end of the applicable notice period and neither party’s termination of the Prime Broker Agreement will be effective until the Fund and/or the Custodial Entities, as the case may be, have fully satisfied their obligations thereunder.

The Fund may terminate the Prime Broker Agreement in whole or in part upon thirty days’ prior written notice to the applicable Custodial Entity; and (ii) for Custodian Cause (as defined in the Prime Broker Agreement) at any time by written notice to the Prime Broker, effective immediately, or on such later date as may be specified in such notice. The Fund will also be entitled to terminate the Prime Broker Agreement in the event that the Custodial Entities do not deliver a SOC 1 Report or SOC 2 Report, as applicable.

The Custodial Entities may terminate the Prime Broker Agreement (i) upon one hundred eighty days’ prior written notice to the Fund; and (ii) for Cause at any time by written notice to the Fund, effective immediately, or on such later date as may be specified in the notice.

In the event that either the Fund or the Custodial Entities terminate the Prime Broker Agreement without Cause, the Custodial Entities shall use reasonable efforts to assist the Fund with transferring any digital assets, fiat currency or funds associated with the Fund’s Accounts to another custodial services provider within ninety days of receipt of the applicable termination notice.

Governing Law

The Prime Broker Agreement is governed by New York law.

Certain CAYMAN ISLANDS AND U.S. FEDERAL INCOME Tax considerations

The following discussion of Cayman Islands and U.S. federal income tax considerations is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. It does not address all of the relevant tax principles that will apply to the Fund and its shareholders. In particular, it does not discuss the tax principles of countries other than the Cayman Islands and the United States or any state or local tax principles. Prospective investors in the Fund are urged to consult their professional advisers regarding the possible tax consequences of an investment in the Fund in light of their own situations.

Certain Cayman Islands Tax Considerations

Taxation—Cayman Islands

The Government of the Cayman Islands will not, under existing legislation, impose any income, corporate or capital gains tax, estate duty, inheritance tax, gift tax or withholding tax upon the Fund or the shareholders. Interest, dividends and gains payable to the Fund and all distributions by the Fund to shareholders will be received free of any Cayman Islands income or withholding taxes. The Fund has received an undertaking from the Financial Secretary of the Cayman Islands to the effect that, for a period of 50 years from the date of the undertaking, no law which is enacted in the Cayman Islands imposing any tax to be levied on profits or income or gains or appreciations shall apply to the Fund or to any shareholder in respect of the operations or assets of the Fund or the Shares of a shareholder; and that any such taxes or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax shall not be payable in respect of the obligations of the Fund or the interests of the shareholders therein. The Cayman Islands are not party to a double tax treaty with any country that is applicable to any payments made to or by the Fund.

Cayman Islands—Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information

The Cayman Islands has signed an inter-governmental agreement to improve international tax compliance and the exchange of information with the United States (the “U.S. IGA”). The Cayman Islands has also signed, along with over 100 other countries, a multilateral competent authority agreement to implement the OECD Standard for Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information—Common Reporting Standard (“CRS” and together with the U.S. IGA, “AEOI”).

Cayman Islands regulations have been issued to give effect to the U.S. IGA and CRS (collectively, the “AEOI Regulations”). Pursuant to the AEOI Regulations, the Cayman Islands Tax Information Authority (the “TIA”) has published guidance notes on the application of the U.S. IGA and CRS.

All Cayman Islands “Financial Institutions” are required to comply with the registration, due diligence and reporting requirements of the AEOI Regulations, unless they are able to rely on an exemption that allows them to become a “Non-Reporting Financial Institution” (as defined in the relevant AEOI Regulations) with respect to one or more of the AEOI regimes, in which case only the registration requirement would apply under CRS. The Fund does not propose to rely on any Non-Reporting Financial Institution exemption and therefore intends to comply with all of the requirements of the AEOI Regulations.

The AEOI Regulations require the Fund to, amongst other things (i) register with the IRS to obtain a Global Intermediary Identification Number (in the context of the U.S. IGA only), (ii) register with the TIA, and thereby notify the TIA of its status as a “Reporting Financial Institution,” (iii) adopt and implement written policies and procedures setting out how it will address its obligations under CRS, (iv) conduct due diligence on its accounts to identify whether any such accounts are considered “Reportable Accounts,” (v) report information on such Reportable Accounts to the TIA, and (vi) file a CRS Compliance Form with the TIA. The TIA will transmit the information reported to it to the overseas fiscal authority relevant to a reportable account (e.g., the IRS in the case of a US Reportable Account) annually on an automatic basis.

For information on any potential withholding tax that may be levied against the Fund, see also “—Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders.”

By investing in the Fund and/or continuing to invest in the Fund, investors shall be deemed to acknowledge that further information may need to be provided to the Fund, the Fund’s compliance with the AEOI Regulations may result in the disclosure of investor information, and investor information may be exchanged with overseas fiscal authorities. Where an investor fails to provide any requested information (regardless of the consequences), the Fund may be obliged, and/or reserves the right to take any action and/or pursue all remedies at its disposal including, without limitation, compulsory redemption of the investor concerned and/or closure of the investor’s account.

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders

The following discussion addresses the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership of Shares by U.S. Holders (as defined below). This discussion does not describe all of the tax consequences that may be relevant to beneficial owners of Shares in light of their particular circumstances, including tax consequences applicable to beneficial owners subject to special rules, such as:

This discussion applies only to Shares that are held as capital assets and does not address any minimum tax consequences or consequences of the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income.

If an entity or arrangement that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds Shares, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partnership, the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships holding Shares and partners in those partnerships are urged to consult their tax advisers about the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning Shares.

This discussion is based on the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), administrative pronouncements, judicial decisions and final, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations as of the date hereof, changes to any of which subsequent to the date hereof may affect the tax consequences described herein. For the avoidance of doubt, this summary does not discuss any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or foreign taxing jurisdiction.

Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisers about the application of the U.S. federal income tax laws to their particular situations, as well as any tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, local or foreign taxing jurisdiction.

Uncertainty Regarding the U.S. Federal Income Tax Treatment of Digital Assets

Due to the new and evolving nature of digital assets and the absence of comprehensive guidance with respect to digital assets, many significant aspects of the U.S. federal income tax treatment of digital assets are uncertain. The Manager does not intend to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) on these issues. Rather, the Manager will cause the Fund to take positions that it believes to be reasonable. There can be no assurance that the IRS will agree with the positions the Fund takes, and it is possible that the IRS will successfully challenge the Fund’s positions.

In 2014, the IRS released a notice (the “Notice”) discussing certain aspects of the treatment of “convertible virtual currency” (that is, digital assets that have an equivalent value in fiat currency or that act as substitutes for fiat currency) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In the Notice, the IRS stated that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, such digital assets (i) are “property,” (ii) are not “currency” for purposes of the provisions of the Code relating to foreign currency gain or loss and (iii) may be held as a capital asset. The IRS subsequently has released two revenue rulings (the “Rulings”) and a set of “Frequently Asked Questions” (the “FAQs”) that provide some additional guidance, including guidance to the effect that, under certain circumstances, hard forks of digital assets are taxable events giving rise to ordinary income, guidance with respect to the timing of recognition of staking rewards and guidance with respect to the determination of the tax basis of digital assets. However, the Notice, the Rulings and the FAQs do not address other significant aspects of the U.S. federal income tax treatment of digital assets. For example, there is no guidance directly addressing whether or in what circumstances, trading in digital assets might give rise to income that is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States (“effectively connected income”). For example, there is no guidance directly addressing whether, and in what circumstances, trading in digital assets might give rise to income that is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United 56 States (“effectively connected income”). In addition, although the Notice contemplates that rewards earned from “mining” will constitute taxable income, there is no guidance directly addressing amounts received in connection with digital asset lending activities, including with respect to whether and when engaging in digital asset lending might rise to the level of a trade or business. In addition, although the Notice contemplates that rewards earned from “mining” will constitute taxable income to the miner, there is no guidance directly addressing amounts received in connection with digital asset lending activities, including with respect to whether and when engaging in it might rise to the level of a trade or business. It is likely, however, that the IRS would assert that lending digital assets gives rise to current, ordinary income with respect to any compensation received for such lending activities. More generally, there also is no guidance directly addressing the U.S. federal income tax consequences of lending digital assets, and it is possible that a lending transaction could be treated as a taxable disposition of the lent digital assets. Because the treatment of digital assets is uncertain, it is possible that the treatment of ownership of any particular digital asset may be adverse to the Fund. For example, ownership of a digital asset could be treated as ownership in an entity, in which case the consequences of ownership of that digital asset would depend on the type and place of organization of the deemed entity. Moreover, although the FAQs and one of the Rulings address the treatment of hard forks, there continues to be uncertainty with respect to the timing and amount of the income inclusions. While the Rulings and the FAQs do not address most situations in which

airdrops occur, it is clear from the reasoning of the Rulings and the FAQs that the IRS generally would treat an airdrop as a taxable event giving rise to ordinary income. Therefore, although the Manager has committed to causing the Fund to abandon all Forked Assets to which the Fund otherwise might become entitled, it is possible that the IRS could treat the Fund’s receipt of digital assets as a result of a fork, airdrop or similar occurrence as ordinary income.

There can be no assurance that the IRS will not alter its position with respect to digital assets in the future or that a court would uphold the treatment set forth in the Notice, the Rulings and the FAQs. There can be no assurance that the IRS will not alter its position with respect to digital assets in the future or that a court would uphold the treatment set forth in the Notice, the Rulings and the FAQs. There can be no assurance that the IRS will not alter its position with respect to digital assets in the future or that a court would uphold the treatment set forth in the Notice, the Rulings and the FAQs. There can be no assurance that the IRS will not alter its position with respect to digital assets in the future or that a court would uphold the treatment set forth in the Notice, the Rulings and the FAQs. It is also unclear what additional guidance on the treatment of digital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes may be issued in the future. Any such alteration of the current IRS positions or additional guidance could result in adverse tax consequences for investors in the Fund and could have an adverse effect on the value of digital assets. Future developments that may arise with respect to digital assets may increase the uncertainty with respect to the treatment of digital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For example, the Notice addresses only digital assets that are “convertible virtual currency,” and it is conceivable that, as a result of a fork, airdrop or similar occurrence, the Fund could hold certain types of digital assets that are not within the scope of the Notice, in the event the Manager seeks to change the Fund’s policy with respect to Forked Assets, subject to NYSE Arca obtaining regulatory approval from the SEC. For example, the Notice addresses only digital assets that are “convertible virtual currency,” and it is conceivable that, as a result of a fork, airdrop or similar occurrence, the Fund could hold certain types of digital assets that are not within the scope of the Notice. For example, the Notice addresses only digital assets that are “convertible virtual currency,” and it is conceivable that, as a result of a fork, airdrop or similar occurrence, the Fund could hold certain types of digital assets that are not within the scope of the Notice.

The remainder of this discussion assumes that any digital assets that the Fund may hold are properly treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as property that may be held as a capital asset and that is not currency for purposes of the rules with respect to foreign currency gain and loss.

U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding the tax consequences of an investment in the Fund and in digital
assets in general.

U.S. Entity-Level Taxation of the Fund

The Fund has elected to be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

The Manager believes that the Fund will not be treated as engaged in a trade or business in the United States and thus will not derive income that is treated as effectively connected income. There can, however, be no complete assurance in this regard. In particular, as discussed above, there is no guidance directly addressing whether or in what circumstances, trading in digital assets might give rise to effectively connected income. In particular, as discussed above, there is no guidance directly addressing whether, and in what circumstances, trading in digital assets might give rise to effectively connected income. Although the Manager expects to take the position that the Fund is an investor, rather than a trader, in digital assets, and investing in commodities for one’s own account generally does not give rise to effectively connected income, there is some uncertainty regarding the application of these rules to digital assets and the Fund. As discussed above, there also is no guidance directly addressing the U.S. federal income taxation of lending digital assets or with respect to whether and when engaging in digital asset lending might rise to the level of a trade or business. If the Fund were treated as engaged in a trade or business in the United States, it would be subject to U.S. federal income tax, at the rates applicable to U.S. corporations (currently, at the rate of 21%), on its net effectively connected income. Any such income might also be subject to U.S. state and local income taxes. In addition, the Fund would be subject to a 30% U.S. branch profits tax in respect of its “dividend equivalent amount,” as defined in Section 884 of the Code, attributable to its effectively connected income (generally, the after-tax amount of certain effectively connected income that is not treated as reinvested in the trade or business). If the Fund were treated as engaged in a trade or business in the United States during any taxable year, it would be required to file a U.S. federal income tax return for that year, regardless of whether it recognized any effectively connected income. If the Fund did not file U.S. federal income tax returns and were later determined to have engaged in a U.S. trade or business, it would generally not be entitled to offset its effectively connected income and gains against its effectively connected losses and deductions (and, therefore, would be taxable on its gross, rather than net, effectively connected income). If the Fund recognizes any effectively connected income, the imposition of U.S. taxes on such income may have a substantial adverse effect on the return to shareholders.

Provided that it does not constitute effectively connected income, any U.S.-source “fixed or determinable annual or periodical” (“FDAP”) income received, or treated as received, by the Fund would generally be subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (subject to statutory exemptions such as the portfolio interest exemption). Although there is no guidance on point, ordinary income recognized by the Fund as a result of a fork, airdrop or similar occurrence, in the event the Manager seeks to change the Fund’s policy with respect to Forked Assets, subject to NYSE Arca obtaining regulatory approval from the SEC would presumably constitute FDAP income. Although there is no guidance on point, ordinary income recognized by the Fund as a result of a fork, airdrop or similar occurrence would presumably constitute FDAP income. If, in the future, the Fund engages in staking or digital asset lending activities, it is also possible that the receipt of Staking Consideration or compensation received in respect of digital assets lending activities will be considered FDAP income. If, in the future, the Fund engages in Staking or digital asset lending activities, it is also possible that the receipt of Staking Consideration or compensation received in respect of digital assets lending activities will be considered FDAP income. It is unclear, however, whether any such FDAP income would be properly treated as U.S.-source or foreign-source FDAP income. In the absence of guidance, it is possible that a withholding agent will withhold 30% from any income derived by the Fund as a consequence of a fork, airdrop or similar occurrence, or from staking or digital asset lending activities.

Tax Consequences to U.S. Holders

The discussion that follows applies to only U.S. Holders. As used herein, the term “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of a Share for U.S. federal income tax purposes that is:

Although there is no certainty in this regard, the Fund may be a “passive foreign investment company,” as defined in Section 1297 of the Code (a “PFIC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The material consequences of the PFIC rules are set forth below. In addition, under certain circumstances, the Fund may be a “controlled foreign corporation” (a “CFC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the Fund is a CFC, the CFC rules, rather than the PFIC rules discussed below, will apply to a U.S. Holder that is a 10% U.S. Shareholder, as defined below, of the Fund. A “10% U.S. Shareholder” is a United States person that owns, directly or under applicable constructive ownership rules, at least 10% of the value or voting power of the non-U.S. corporation’s stock. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers to determine if they are or may become a 10% U.S. Shareholder, as the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Fund may differ materially from the discussion below if the Fund is a CFC and a U.S. Holder is a 10% U.S. Shareholder of the Fund.

U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers concerning the Fund’s potential PFIC status and CFC status, and the tax considerations relevant to an investment in a PFIC or CFC. U.S. Holders should also read the discussion under the headings “—Information Reporting and Backup Withholding,” “—Information Reporting by Shareholders” and “—FATCA Tax” below.

Taxation of Distributions

Subject to the PFIC rules described below, distributions paid on Shares, other than certain pro rata distributions of Shares, will be treated as dividends to the extent paid out of the Fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). Subject to applicable limitations including the PFIC rules discussed below, dividends paid to certain non-corporate U.S. Holders may be “qualified dividend income” and therefore may be taxable at rates applicable to long-term capital gains. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the availability of these favorable tax rates on dividends in their particular circumstances. Dividends paid by the Fund would not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally available to U.S. corporations under the Code. The dividend income will generally be treated as foreign-source income for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. However, depending on the composition of the Fund’s income and whether the Fund is a “United States-owned foreign corporation” (generally, a foreign corporation more than 50% of the stock of which (by vote or value) is owned or, under certain constructive ownership rules, treated as owned by United States persons), a portion of any dividends paid by the Fund may be treated as U.S.-source income for purposes of determining a U.S. Holder’s foreign tax credit limitation. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding these rules.

Risk of Constructive Distributions

The Fund issues Shares to, and redeems Shares from, Authorized Participants on an ongoing basis. In certain circumstances, redemption proceeds delivered to an Authorized Participant could be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, in that case, it is possible that other shareholders of the Fund whose percentage interests in the Fund increase as a result of such redemption will be treated as having received a taxable distribution (generally treated as described above in “—Taxation of Distributions”) from the Fund to the extent of such increase.

Sale or Other Disposition of Shares

Subject to the PFIC rules described below, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, gain or loss realized on the sale or other taxable disposition of Shares will be capital gain or loss, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if a U.S. Holder held the Shares for more than one year. The amount of gain or loss will equal the difference between the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Shares and the amount realized on the disposition. This gain or loss generally will be U.S. source gain or loss for foreign tax credit purposes.

PFIC Rules

It is not clear whether the Fund is a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and the guidance in the Rulings and the FAQs has increased the uncertainty in this regard, and Davis Polk expresses no opinion regarding the Fund’s PFIC status. However, because it is possible that the Fund is a PFIC, the Fund will provide to each U.S. Holder, and to any other shareholder upon request, PFIC Annual Information Statements that will include the required information and representations to permit such U.S. Holder (or any direct or indirect beneficial owner of an interest in any shareholder) to make a “qualified electing fund” election (a “QEF Election”) or “mark to market” election (an “MTM Election”) with respect to the Fund. Each U.S. Holder should consult its tax adviser as to whether it should make a QEF Election or MTM Election. Assuming that the Fund is a PFIC, failure to make a QEF Election or MTM Election with respect to an investment in the Fund could result in materially adverse tax consequences to a U.S. Holder, as described below.

For simplicity of presentation, it is assumed for purposes of the following disclosure that the Fund is a PFIC.

Consequences in Absence of QEF Election or MTM Election

If a U.S. Holder does not make a QEF Election or MTM Election with respect to the Fund, any “excess distribution” received by the U.S. Holder from the Fund, and any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on a sale or other disposition (including, under certain circumstances, a pledge) of Shares, will be treated as having been earned ratably (on a straight-line basis) over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for its Shares. The portion allocated to the taxable year of the “excess distribution,” or to the year of the sale or other disposition, will be treated as ordinary income. The portion allocated to each prior taxable year will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the highest marginal rate applicable to a U.S. Holder (as a corporate or individual taxpayer, as the case may be) for such taxable year, and an interest charge for the deemed deferral benefit will be imposed on the resulting tax liability for each prior taxable year.

If a U.S. Holder does not make a QEF Election or MTM Election, distributions by the Fund to the U.S. Holder, other than “excess distributions,” will be taxable as ordinary income (and not as “qualified dividend income” as discussed above) to the extent such distributions are made out of the Fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To the extent that a distribution (other than an “excess distribution”) exceeds the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distribution will be treated, first, as a return of capital that will reduce the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its Shares and, after such tax basis has been reduced to zero, as gain from a sale or exchange of the U.S. Holder’s Shares, which will be subject to U.S. federal income tax as described above. Although the Manager has committed to causing the Fund to abandon all Forked Assets to which the Fund otherwise might become entitled, these rules would apply to any in-kind distribution of a Forked Asset that the Fund makes to the U.S. Holder in the future, with the amount of the distribution equal to the fair market value of such Forked Asset on the date of the distribution.

Consequences Pursuant to QEF Election

A U.S. Holder can mitigate the consequences described above by making a QEF Election with respect to the Fund. A U.S. Holder can make a QEF Election by attaching a properly executed IRS Form 8621 to its U.S. federal income tax return for the first taxable year in which it wishes the election to apply. However, if a U.S. Holder does not make a QEF Election with respect to the Fund for the first taxable year in which it holds any Shares, a later QEF Election with respect to the Fund will not apply with respect to its investment in the Fund unless the U.S. Holder elects to recognize gain, if any, as if it sold its Shares on the first day of the first taxable year to which the QEF Election applies. Any gain that a U.S. Holder recognizes as a consequence of such an election will be subject to U.S. federal income tax as described above under “—Consequences in Absence of QEF Election or MTM Election.”

If a U.S. Holder makes a valid QEF Election with respect to its Shares, the U.S. Holder will be required to report on its U.S. federal income tax return, and thus to take into account in determining its U.S. federal income tax liability, its pro rata share of the Fund’s ordinary earnings and net capital gain for the taxable year of the Fund ending within or with such U.S. Holder’s taxable year, regardless of whether the Fund makes any distributions to the U.S. Holder. A U.S. Holder will include its pro rata share of the Fund’s ordinary earnings (which includes net short-term capital gains) as ordinary income, and will include its pro rata share of the Fund’s net capital gain (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) as long-term capital gain. A U.S. Holder will not be entitled to claim deductions for any net losses incurred by the Fund, and the Fund will not be entitled to carry its net losses for any taxable year back or forward in computing its ordinary earnings and net capital gain for other taxable years. In addition, a U.S. Holder will not be entitled to claim a foreign tax credit for any non-U.S. taxes borne by the Fund, but these taxes will reduce the amount of income that the U.S. Holder would otherwise be required to include pursuant to the QEF Election. A U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its Shares will be increased by the amounts the U.S. Holder includes in income as a consequence of the QEF Election and decreased by the amount of distributions the U.S. Holder receives from the Fund out of earnings that the U.S. Holder previously included in income as a consequence of the QEF Election.

The Manager believes that, in general, gains and losses recognized by the Fund from the sale or other disposition of digital assets will be treated as capital gains or losses pursuant to the Notice. The Fund may sell digital assets for U.S. dollars or other fiat currency to fund redemptions, in connection with rebalancings, in order to pay Additional Fund Expenses and in connection with its liquidation. In addition, the Fund’s payment of the Manager’s Fee or any Additional Fund Expenses through a transfer of digital assets will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a sale of the relevant digital assets for their fair market value on the date of such transfer or distribution, except that, solely in the case of a distribution to the shareholders (or their agent), the Fund will not recognize any loss realized by it on such deemed sale. In addition, any gain or loss the Fund recognizes on a disposition of a fiat currency other than the U.S. dollar will generally be treated as ordinary income or loss. Accordingly, if a U.S. Holder makes a QEF Election with respect to the Fund, it may be required to include significant amounts of taxable income or gain each taxable year with respect to its investment in the Fund, even if it receives no distributions from the Fund during that taxable year.

As discussed above, there is uncertainty with respect to many significant aspects of the U.S. federal income tax treatment of digital assets, including the timing and character of income earned as a result of lending activities. If the IRS successfully challenges the Fund’s determination of its income, the Fund may be required to issue revised PFIC Annual Information Statements for prior taxable years, and U.S. Holders may be required to amend their tax returns for those years.

Assuming that a U.S. Holder makes a QEF Election with respect to its Shares, a distribution by the Fund to the U.S. Holder will be taxable as ordinary income (and not as “qualified dividend income”) to the extent such distributions are made out of the Fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, except to the extent that the U.S. Holder

can establish that the distributions are made out of earnings that were previously included in income by any U.S. person as a consequence of a QEF Election. The portion of any such distribution that the U.S. Holder can establish as being made out of earnings that were previously included in a U.S. person’s income pursuant to a QEF Election will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. To the extent that a distribution exceeds the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distribution will be treated, first, as a return of capital that will reduce the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its Shares and, after such tax basis has been reduced to zero, as gain from a sale or exchange of the U.S. Holder’s Shares.

Upon a sale or other exchange of Shares, a U.S. Holder will generally recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized and the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in its Shares. Assuming that the U.S. Holder has made a QEF Election with respect to its Shares, any such gain or loss will constitute capital gain or loss, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Shares was more than one year as of the date of the sale or other exchange.

A U.S. Holder that makes a QEF Election with respect to its Shares may also elect to defer the payment of the taxes in respect of its share of the Fund’s undistributed ordinary earnings and net capital gain, subject to the payment of an interest charge on the deferred tax liability. If a U.S. Holder makes this election, the deferred tax liability with respect to the undistributed earnings attributable to its Shares will generally become payable on the due date (determined without regard to extensions) of the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax return for the taxable year in which the U.S. Holder sells or pledges such Shares. If the Fund makes a distribution, however, the deferred tax liability with respect to the U.S. Holder’s share of the distributed earnings will become payable on the due date (determined without regard to extensions) of the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax return for the taxable year in which the distribution occurs.

Consequences Pursuant to MTM Election

If the Shares are “regularly traded” on a “qualified exchange” (such as NYSE Arca), a U.S. Holder may make an MTM Election that would result in tax treatment different from the general tax treatment for PFICs described above. The Shares will be treated as “regularly traded” in any calendar year in which more than a de minimis quantity of the Shares is traded on a qualified exchange on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter.

If a U.S. Holder makes an MTM Election, the U.S. Holder generally will recognize as ordinary income any excess of the fair market value of the Shares at the end of each taxable year over their adjusted tax basis, and will recognize an ordinary loss in respect of any excess of the adjusted tax basis of the Shares over their fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of income previously included as a result of the MTM Election). If a U.S. Holder makes the MTM Election, the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Shares will be adjusted to reflect the income or loss amounts recognized. Any gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of Shares in a year when the Fund is a PFIC will be treated as ordinary income and any loss will be treated as an ordinary loss (but only to the extent of the net amount of income previously included as a result of the MTM Election). Distributions paid on Shares will be treated as described in “—Taxation of Distributions” above, except that they will not be eligible to be treated as “qualified dividend income.”

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Payments of Fund dividends, and of proceeds from sales of Shares, that are made to a U.S. Holder within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries will generally be subject to U.S. information reporting, and may be subject to U.S. backup withholding, unless (i) the U.S. Holder is a corporation or other exempt recipient or (ii) in the case of backup withholding, the U.S. Holder provides a correct taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is not subject to backup withholding. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. Holder will be allowed as a credit against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the U.S. Holder to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

Information Reporting by Shareholders

U.S. Holders may be subject to various information reporting requirements as a consequence of an investment in the Fund. Failure to satisfy these requirements may result in substantial penalties. Certain U.S. federal information reporting requirements are summarized below, but this summary does not purport to provide an exhaustive list of such requirements. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisers concerning the information reporting requirements to which they may be subject as a consequence of an investment in the Fund.

Unless a U.S. Holder who is an individual holding their Shares in a financial account maintained by a financial institution, the U.S. Holder will be required to report information relating to their ownership of Shares on IRS Form 8938 for each taxable year in which they holds interests in “specified foreign financial assets,” as defined in Section 6038D of the Code, including Shares, with an aggregate value in excess of an applicable threshold amount. Certain U.S. Holders that are entities may be subject to similar rules.

If the Fund is a PFIC, a U.S. Holder will generally be required to file IRS Form 8621 with respect to the Fund for each year in which it holds its Shares. Additional reporting requirements will apply to any U.S. Holder that owns (actually or constructively) a 10% or greater interest in the Fund.

FATCA Tax

Under certain provisions of the Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder (commonly referred to as “FATCA”), as well as certain intergovernmental agreements between the United States and certain other countries (including the Cayman Islands) together with expected local country implementing legislation, certain payments made in respect of the Shares may be subject to withholding (“FATCA withholding”).

The Fund (or a relevant intermediary) may be required to impose FATCA withholding on payments in respect of the Shares to the extent that such payments are “foreign passthru payments,” made to non-U.S. financial institutions (including intermediaries) that have not entered into agreements with the IRS pursuant to FATCA or otherwise established an exemption from FATCA, and other shareholders that fail to provide sufficient identifying information to the Fund or any relevant intermediary. The term “foreign passthru payment” is not yet defined. It is not clear whether and to what extent payments on the Shares will be considered foreign passthru payments subject to FATCA withholding or how intergovernmental agreements will address foreign passthru payments (including whether withholding on foreign passthru payments will be required under such agreements). Withholding on foreign passthru payments will not apply prior to the date that is two years after the publication of the final regulations defining “foreign passthru payments.” U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers as to how these rules may apply to payments they receive under the Shares.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The following risks, some of which have occurred and any of which may occur in the future, can have a material adverse effect on our business or financial performance, which in turn can affect the price of the Shares. These are not the only risks we face. There may be other risks we are not currently aware of or that we currently deem not to be material but may become material in the future.

The risk factors below should be read in conjunction with the other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the Fund’s financial statements and related notes thereto, and our other filings with the SEC.

Risk Factors Related to Digital Assets

The trading prices of many digital assets, including the Fund Components, have experienced extreme volatility in recent periods and may continue to do so. Extreme volatility in the future, including declines in the trading prices of Fund Components, could have a material adverse effect on the value of the Shares and the Shares could lose all or substantially all of their value. Extreme volatility in the future, including declines in the trading prices of digital assets, could have a material adverse effect on the value of the Shares and the Shares could lose all or substantially all of their value.

Negative perceptions, instability and the absence of standardized regulation in the digital asset economy may reduce confidence in digital assets and result in greater volatility in, or declines in, the prices of the Fund Components. Changes in U.S. political leadership or economic policies, or actions or omissions by U.S. government authorities with respect to the Fund Components or other digital assets, may also create uncertainty and materially affect the prices of the Fund Components and the value of the Shares. The Fund is not actively managed and will not take any actions to take advantage of or mitigate the impacts of volatility in the prices of the Fund Components. The Fund is not actively managed and will not take any actions to take advantage, or mitigate the impacts, of volatility in the prices of the Fund Components. Accordingly, any of these factors could increase volatility in or cause a decline in the prices of the Fund Components and materially adversely affect the value of the Shares.

Digital assets have a limited history and the value of the Shares is subject to a number of factors relating to the capabilities and development of blockchain technologies, including the dependence of Digital Asset Networks on the internet and other technologies, the role of users, developers, miners and validators and the potential for malicious activity. Although the Manager expects to take the position that the Fund is an investor, rather than a trader, in digital assets, and investing in commodities for one’s own account generally does not give rise to effectively connected income, there is some uncertainty regarding the application of these rules to digital assets and the Fund.

The value of the Shares is directly related to the value of the Fund Components held by the Fund, and the prices of the Fund Components have fluctuated significantly. The following factors may affect the prices of the Fund Components and the value of the Shares:

Because the Fund Components and their Digital Asset Networks have a limited history and continue to develop, additional risks may arise that are difficult to predict. The Fund Components may not maintain their value or achieve or sustain broader acceptance. A decline in the prices of the Fund Components would reduce the Fund’s NAV per Share and may adversely affect the trading price of the Shares.

Digital assets represent a relatively new and rapidly evolving industry, and the value of the Shares depends on the acceptance of digital assets. Digital assets represent a new and rapidly evolving industry, and the value of the Shares depends on the acceptance of digital assets.

Digital Asset Networks, including the networks of the Fund Components and related protocols, represent a relatively new and rapidly evolving industry that is subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to evaluate. The realization of one or more of the following risks could materially adversely affect the value of the Shares:

Layer 2 solutions and smart contract functionality developed for use with certain Digital Asset Networks underlying the Fund Components may introduce additional technical and security risks that could adversely affect the value of the relevant Fund Components and the Shares.Layer 2 solutions underlying certain of the Fund Components were only recently conceived and may not function on their underlying, base-layer smart contract platforms as intended which could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund Components and an investment in the Shares.

Layer 2 solutions have been developed for use with certain Digital Asset Networks underlying the Fund Components to increase transaction capacity or efficiency or expand network functionality. These solutions may not function as intended or achieve widespread use. Smart contracts are typically immutable once deployed. Vulnerabilities in their coding, such as logic errors or security flaws, can lead to significant financial losses if exploited.

Layer 2 solutions and smart contracts may not be interoperable with one another, which could fragment activity and liquidity among applications, limit their use or reduce transaction efficiency. Layer 2 solutions and sidechains may also depend on the continued operation and security of the underlying Digital Asset Network. A disruption of that network could impair the relevant Layer 2 solution or sidechain. These solutions may also introduce centralized control risks, such as admin key holders who may possess the ability to modify key functions or extract funds. Even decentralized governance of these solutions can concentrate power in the hands of a few core participants, allowing changes to smart contracts that could harm users and the value of associated digital assets. Any major breach, failure or loss of confidence in smart contracts, Layer 2 solutions or sidechains associated with a Digital Asset Network underlying a Fund Component could adversely affect the value of the relevant Fund Component and the value of the Shares.A substantial majority of the Fund Components is concentrated in two digital assets, Bitcoin and Ether, and any loss in value of Bitcoin or Ether could have an adverse effect on the value of the Shares and shareholders may suffer a loss on their investment.

Changes in the governance of a Digital Asset Network or protocol may not receive sufficient support from users, miners, or validators, which may negatively affect that Digital Asset Network’s or protocol’s ability to grow and respond to challenges.

The governance of some Digital Asset Networks and protocols underlying the Fund Components is generally by voluntary consensus and open competition. For such networks and protocols, there may be a lack of consensus or clarity on that network’s or protocol’s governance, which may stymie such network’s or protocol’s utility, adaptability and ability to grow and face challenges.

The foregoing notwithstanding, the underlying software for some Digital Asset Networks and protocols, is informally or formally managed or developed by a group of core developers that propose amendments to the relevant network’s or protocol’s source code. If a significant majority of users, miners, and/or validators were to adopt amendments to a decentralized network based on the proposals of such core developers, such network would be subject to new source code that may adversely affect the value of the relevant Fund Component and, consequently, the value of the Shares.

As a result of the foregoing, it may be difficult to find solutions or marshal sufficient effort to overcome any future problems, especially long-term problems, on Digital Asset Networks.

Foundations or founding teams may disproportionately influence the development or governance of certain Digital Asset Networks and protocols, which could adversely affect the value of the relevant Fund Component and, consequently, the value of the Shares.

Certain Digital Asset Networks and protocols, including certain of the Fund Components’ Digital Asset Networks and protocols, underlying the Fund Components are supported by foundations and/or founding teams. In contrast to Digital Asset Networks and protocols where governance decisions are largely made by a decentralized group of individuals, the development of such Digital Asset Network or protocol may be disproportionately influenced by these foundations and/or founding teams. To the extent foundations and/or founding teams propose any amendments to the network’s source code that are adopted by users of the Solana network, the Solana network will be subject to new source code that may adversely affect the value of the relevant digital asset. To the extent Solana Labs and/or the Solana Foundation propose any amendments to the Solana network’s source code that are adopted by users of the Solana network, the Solana network will be subject to new source code that may adversely affect the value of SOL. In addition to SOL, certain of the other Fund Components also have Foundations and/or founding teams that support the development of the Fund Components’ Digital Asset Networks or protocols and may have interests that are different than a shareholder’s and the decisions made by such foundations and/or founding teams could have an adverse effect on the value of the Fund Component whose influence over development or governance may be disproportionate to that of other network participants. In addition to SOL, certain of the other Fund Components also have Foundations and/or founding teams that support the development of the Fund Components’ Digital Asset Networks or protocols and may have interests that are different than a shareholder’s and the decisions made by such foundations and/or founding teams could have an adverse effect on the value of the Fund Component. If users, miners or validators adopt such changes, or if the actions or inaction of a foundation or founding team reduce confidence in or the utility of a Digital Asset Network or protocol, the value of the relevant Fund Component and, consequently, the value of the Shares could be adversely affected.

Digital Asset Networks face significant scaling challenges and efforts to increase the volume and speed of transactions may not be successful.

Many Digital Asset Networks face significant scaling challenges due to the fact that public, permissionless blockchains generally face a tradeoff between security and scalability. Many Digital Asset Networks face significant scaling challenges due to the fact that public, permissionless blockchains generally face a tradeoff between security and scalability. One means through which Digital Asset Networks that utilize public, permissionless blockchains achieve security is decentralization, meaning that no intermediary is responsible for securing and maintaining these systems. For example, a greater degree of decentralization of a public permissionless blockchain generally means a given Digital Asset Network is less susceptible to manipulation or capture. In practice, this typically means that every single node on a given Digital Asset Network is responsible for securing the system by processing every transaction and maintaining a copy of the entire state of the network. As a result, a digital asset network that utilizes a public permissionless blockchain may be limited in the number of transactions it can process by the computing capabilities of each single fully participating node. As a result, a Digital Asset Network that utilizes a public, permissionless blockchain may be limited in the number of transactions it can process by the computing capabilities of each single fully participating node. Many developers are actively researching and testing scalability solutions for public blockchains such as off-chain payment channels and Layer 2 networks. Many developers are actively researching and testing scalability solutions for public blockchains that do not necessarily result in lower levels of security or decentralization, such as off-chain payment channels and sharding.

To increase the volume of transactions that can be processed on the Digital Asset Networks underlying the Fund Components, various features have been introduced to increase speed and throughput. These and other mechanisms for increasing the scale of settlement or throughput of Digital Asset Network transactions may not be effective, may not achieve wide-scale use or may not achieve their intended results in a timely manner. If corresponding increases in throughput lag behind growth in the use of digital asset networks, average transaction fees and settlement times may increase considerably, which could preclude certain uses for the Fund Components and reduce demand for, and the prices of, the Fund Components, which could adversely impact the value of the Shares.

Digital assets may have concentrated ownership, and large sales or distributions by holders of a Fund Component could adversely affect the market price of the applicable Fund Component and the value of the Shares.

For certain Fund Components, the largest wallets are believed to hold, in aggregate, a significant percentage of the applicable Fund Component in circulation. Moreover, it is possible that one or more persons or entities control multiple wallets that collectively hold a significant amount of a Fund Component, even if those wallets individually hold only small amounts. As a result of this

concentration of ownership, large sales or distributions by one or more holders could have an adverse effect on the market price of the applicable Fund Component and, consequently, the value of the Shares.

If the digital asset reward for mining or validating blocks and transaction fees for recording transactions on the Digital Asset Network underlying a Fund Component are not sufficiently high to incentivize miners or validators, or if certain jurisdictions continue to limit or otherwise regulate mining or validating activities, miners or validators may reduce or cease mining or validating activity or demand high transaction fees, which could negatively impact the value of the relevant Fund Component and the value of the Shares.If the digital asset awards or transaction fees for recording transactions on the Digital Asset Network underlying a Fund Component are not sufficiently high to incentivize miners or validators, or if certain jurisdictions continue to limit or otherwise regulate mining or validating activities, miners and validators may cease expanding processing power or demand high transaction fees, which could negatively impact the value of the Fund Components and the value of the Shares.

If the digital asset rewards for mining or validating blocks or the transaction fees for recording transactions on the Digital Asset Network underlying a Fund Component are not sufficiently high to incentivize miners or validators, as applicable, or if certain jurisdictions limit or otherwise regulate mining or validating activities, miners or validators may reduce or cease mining or validating activity and confirmations of transactions on the relevant Digital Asset Network could be slowed.If the digital asset awards or the transaction fees for recording transactions on the Digital Asset Network of a Fund Component are not sufficiently high to incentivize miners or validators, as applicable, or if certain jurisdictions continue to limit or otherwise regulate mining or validating activities, miners and validators may cease expending processing power to mine blocks and confirmations of transactions on the digital asset’s underlying Digital Asset Network could be slowed. The realization of one or more of the following risks could materially adversely affect the value of the Shares: