a three-dimensional (3d) printer includes a nozzle and a camera configured to capture a real image or a real video of a liquid metal while the liquid metal is positioned at least partially within the nozzle. the 3d printer also includes a computing system configured to perform operations. the operations include generating a model of the liquid metal positioned at least partially within the nozzle. the operations also include generating a simulated image or a simulated video of the liquid metal positioned at least partially within the nozzle based at least partially upon the model. the operations also include generating a labeled dataset that comprises the simulated image or the simulated video and a first set of parameters. the operations also include reconstructing the liquid metal in the real image or the real video based at least partially upon the labeled dataset.
printing methods and devices identify distortable ink colors in a print job. these distortable ink colors interact with one another when printed in the same printing pass on the same area of a sheet. these methods and devices control printheads and sheet feeders to separately print the distortable ink colors in different print passes.
embodiments described herein provide a supervisor for fault management at a production system. during operation, the supervisor can obtain a set of sensor readings and a state of the production system. a respective sensor reading is an output of a sensor in the production system. the supervisor can then determine, using an artificial intelligence (ai) model, whether the set of sensor readings accommodates a fault associated with a corresponding sensor. subsequently, the supervisor can determine an action that mitigates an effect of the fault and modify the set of sensor readings based on the action. here, the modified set of sensor readings is used by a controller that controls the production system.
a method for improving z-axis strength of a 3d printed object is disclosed. for example, the method includes printing a three-dimensional (3d) object with a polymer and magnetic particles, heating the 3d object to a temperature at approximately a melting temperature of the polymer, and applying a magnetic field to the 3d object to locally move the magnetic particles in the polymer to generate heat and fuse the polymer around the magnetic particles to improve a z-axis strength of the 3d object.
compositions are provided which may comprise a plurality of organic additive particles, the particles comprising a polymerization product of reactants comprising a dioxane/dioxolane monomer and a vinyl co-monomer, wherein the dioxane/dioxolane monomer is an ester of (meth)acrylic acid with an alcohol comprising a dioxane moiety, an ester of (meth)acrylic acid with an alcohol comprising a dioxolane moiety, or both. toner and additive manufacturing compositions comprising the organic additive particles are also provided.
latexes are provided which may comprise water and resin particles comprising a polymerization product of reactants comprising a dioxane/dioxolane monomer and an additional monomer, wherein the dioxane/dioxolane monomer is an ester of (meth)acrylic acid with an alcohol comprising a dioxane moiety, an ester of (meth)acrylic acid with an alcohol comprising a dioxolane moiety, or both.
fluorescent orange latexes are provided which comprise water and fluorescent agent-incorporated resin particles, the particles comprising a resin, solvent red 49 as a red fluorescent agent, and solvent yellow 98 as a yellow fluorescent agent, wherein the fluorescent orange latex has a weight ratio of the solvent yellow 98 to the solvent red 49 in a range of from 20:1 to 0.5:1. fluorescent orange toners and methods of making and using the fluorescent orange toners are also provided.
an image has pixels arranged in perpendicular rows/columns. the size of the image is changed to produce a changed-size image and the changed-size image is output. the process of changing the size of the image adds at least one row/column as at least one inserted row/column. the inserted row/column is made up of data from generating adjacent rows/columns of the perpendicular rows/columns. embodiments that reduce the size of the image remove the generating adjacent rows/columns that were used to form the inserted row/column and, in such reduction processing the inserted row/column is added where the (now removed) generating adjacent rows/columns were previously positioned. in embodiments that increase the size of the image, instead of removing the generating adjacent rows/columns, the inserted row/column is merely inserted between the adjacent rows/columns.
the present disclosure discloses methods and systems for detecting tampering of an infrared (ir) security mark in a document. the method includes receiving the document including the ir security mark, wherein the ir security mark further includes one or more security texts and/or images. the document is scanned to generate scanned data. a portion of the scanned data including the ir security mark is segmented into a plurality of blocks such as blocks of size 32*32. thereafter, a ratio of white to black pixels is calculated for each block. the calculated ratio is compared with a known threshold for each block. upon comparison, the ir security mark is detected as a tampered security mark.
embodiments described herein provide a system for facilitating dynamic content distribution in an enterprise environment. during operation, the system determines a set of logical groups based on a set of grouping criteria. a respective logical group can include one or more devices managed by a controller and a network that provides connections among the one or more devices. the system categorizes the set of logical groups based on exogenous information associated with a respective logical group and determines a corresponding condition of measurement for a respective category of links in the enterprise environment. the system then schedules a link for measurement based on the condition of measurement and the categorization of the set of logical groups.
a primary amine polymer aerogel comprising greater than 5 wt. % of primary amine monomers covalently bound to cross-linking monomers, wherein the primary amine monomers are selected from vinyl amine. a secondary amine polymer aerogel comprising secondary amine monomers covalently bound to cross-linking monomers, the secondary amine monomers being a result of substituting a hydrogen atom from a primary amine polymer aerogel, the primary amine polymer aerogel comprising vinyl amine monomers covalently bound to the cross-linking monomers. a tertiary amine polymer aerogel comprising tertiary amine monomers covalently bound to cross-linking monomers, the tertiary amine monomers being a result of substituting hydrogen atoms from a primary amine polymer aerogel, the primary amine polymer aerogel comprising vinyl amine monomers covalently bound to the cross-linking monomers.
a 3d printer includes a nozzle configured to jet a drop of liquid metal therethrough. the 3d printer also includes a light source configured to illuminate the drop with a pulse of light. a duration of the pulse of light is from about 0.0001 seconds to about 0.1 seconds. the 3d printer also includes a camera configured to capture an image, video, or both of the drop. the 3d printer also includes a computing system configured to detect the drop in the image, the video, or both. the computing system is also configured to characterize the drop after the drop is detected. characterizing the drop includes determining a size of the drop, a location of the drop, or both in the image, the video, or both.
at least one input image comprising curvilinear features is received. latent representations of the input images are learned using a trained deep neural network. at least one boundary estimate is determined based on the latent representations. at least one segmentation estimate of the at least one input image is determined based on the latent representations. the at least one image is mapped to output segmentation maps based on the segmentation estimate and the at least one boundary estimate.
a 3d printing system and methods to selectively pattern dense feedstock based on selective inhibition sintering (sis). a sintering selectivity agent (inhibitor or promoter) is selectively deposited on a build layer according to the pattern boundary. when the layers are built-up and the part is sintered, the inhibited region remains unbound, thus defining the edge of the part. the material contain powder embedded in cohesive binder that make the adjacent layer adhere together. the build process involves forming the sheets of dense feedstock embedded binder, followed by depositing ink to promote selective sintering onto the layer. once the build is complete, the process continues with the binder removal, sintering and finishing processes.
the present disclosure is directed to a metallic ink composition for use in digital offset printing, comprising: metallic effect pigment particles, wherein an average equivalent sphere diameter of at least about 90% of the metallic effect pigment particles ranges from greater than 1 micrometer (μm) to 150 μm; at least one dispersant; at least one curable oligomer; and a photo initiator, wherein the metallic ink composition has a viscosity ranging from 150,000 to 1,000,000 millipascal seconds (mpa·s) at 0.1 rad/s at 25° c. also provided is a method of digital offset printing using the metallic ink composition of the present disclosure.
the present disclosure discloses methods and systems for detecting an ir security mark in a document based on known color information and halftone frequency information. the method includes receiving a document from a user, including an ir security mark. then, location information, color information and halftone frequency information are received from the user. the document is scanned. based on the color information and the location information, the ir security mark is extracted from the scanned document. after this, halftone frequency information of the extracted ir security mark is verified. based on the verification, text in the extracted ir security mark is identified and is then compared with one or more pre-stored ir security marks to ascertain whether the ir security mark in the document is an authentic security mark.
an ejector for a printing system is disclosed. the ejector body may include an internal cavity, a nozzle in communication with the internal cavity, one or more segmented solenoid coils wrapped at least partially around the ejector body, and a piston disposed within the internal cavity of the ejector body. a method of ejecting liquid from an ejector is also disclosed, including introducing a material for ejection into an ejector cavity. the method of ejecting liquid from an ejector may include advancing a piston configured for translational motion within an ejector towards an ejector nozzle which may further include de-energizing a first segment of a segmented solenoid wrapped partially around the ejector, energizing a second solenoid segment of a segmented solenoid wrapped partially around the ejector. the method of ejecting liquid from an ejector may also include ejecting a drop of the material for ejection from the ejector nozzle.
a valve assembly for controlling airflow along sheet edges on a vacuum transport assembly including a platen including one or more holes arranged in rows in a cross process direction, and a belt displaceable with respect to the platen in a process direction, the valve assembly including a flexible plate, including a first end, a second end, a first top surface, and a first bottom surface, and a first actuator connected to the second end and operatively arranged to displace the flexible plate.
a method of inkjet printer operation produces a sneeze pattern having a uniform sneeze pattern portion and a tapered area portion within the uniform sneeze pattern to operate inkjets in the printer to eject ink drops within an image area of media sheets passing through the printer to maintain the operational status of the inkjets. a dynamic threshold is applied to a portion of an uniform sneeze pattern to produce the tapered area within the uniform sneeze pattern. the dynamic threshold is changed as a function of distance between a pixel in the portion of the uniform sneeze pattern and the closest edge of an image area of the media sheet on which the tapered area of the sneeze pattern is to be printed. a second threshold can also be changed to alter a volume of ink associated with a pixel in the tapered area within the uniform sneeze pattern.
a membraneless electrochemical device comprises a fluid feed stream input to the membraneless electrochemical cell, a first electrode, and a second electrode. the first electrode comprises a first redox-active material configured to have a proton-coupled oxidation reaction with a first portion of the fluid feed stream, and the second electrode comprises a second redox-active material configured to have a proton-coupled reduction reaction with a second portion of the fluid feed stream. the first portion and the second portion of the fluid feed stream are separated. a first effluent stream comprises the first portion and has a first ph, and a second effluent stream comprises the second portion and has a second ph, different from the first ph.
high spherical particles for use in piezoelectric applications may be produced mixing a mixture comprising a graphene oxide-polyvinylidene fluoride (go-pvdf) composite, a carrier fluid that is immiscible with the pvdf, and optionally an emulsion stabilizer at a temperature equal to or greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the pvdf to disperse the go-pvdf composite in the carrier fluid, wherein the go-pvdf composite has a transmission ftir minimum transmittance ratio of β-phase pvdf to α-phase pvdf of about 1 or less; cooling the mixture to below the melting point or softening temperature of the pvdf to form go-pvdf particles; and separating the go-pvdf particles from the carrier fluid, wherein the go-pvdf particles comprise the graphene oxide dispersed in the pvdf, and wherein the go-pvdf particles have a transmission ftir minimum transmittance ratio of β-phase pvdf to α-phase pvdf of about 1 or less.
a printable flexible overcoat ink composition that can be digitally printed is disclosed. for example, the printable flexible overcoat ink composition includes a mixture of a thermoplastic polyurethane (tpu) and a solvent. the mixture is mixed to have a viscosity of 1 centipoise to 2,000 centipoise to allow the mixture to be digitally printed via an inkjet printhead or an aerosol jet printhead.
methods and systems for generating a secure copy of content associated with a non-fungible token (nft) are disclosed. the system will receive a print request to print digital content that is associated with an nft, access a blockchain to identify a current owner of the nft, and generate a print job that with instructions to print the nft content. if and only if the current owner of the nft is the requesting entity, the system will print a unique authentication code with the digital content. the system will cause a print engine to print the digital content on a substrate or as a 3d object. in some embodiments, the system may be included in a print device that includes the print engine. other aspects include a system that verifies whether a printed copy of content is an authorized copy, using the unique authentication code and the nft described above.
a method of automatically diagnosing media handling defects on sheets, the method including receiving a first image of a first sheet, determining that the first image includes a detected media handling defect, determining that the detected media handling defect matches one or more known media handling defects in a database, and displaying a rectifying action.
a method for redirecting a print job request for electronic transmission is disclosed. for example, a method is executed by a processor and includes receiving a print job request for a document, analyzing the document to identify a document type, determining that the document type is a candidate for electronic transmission, causing a notification to be displayed to transmit the document electronically without executing the print job request, receiving a confirmation to transmit the document electronically, and transmitting the document electronically to a network storage device.
the disclosure discloses methods and systems for allowing a user to print multiple documents stored over multiple and/or different cloud locations. a pre-defined file is received from a user, where the file includes multiple urls such that each url represents a cloud url for accessing a document stored over that cloud location. then, each url is analyzed to segregate the url into a cloud location url and a document name. a pre-defined user-friendly view is generated based on the cloud locations, where the pre-defined view includes a common cloud urls, corresponding document names, and print options, for user's selection. based on the user's selection, one or more documents stored at corresponding cloud locations are printed without requiring the user to access any cloud location url.
a component library having a plurality of design components is received. designs are predicted using the plurality of components using a machine learning model. the predicted designs comprise a subset of all possible designs using the plurality of components. a set of design criteria is received. at least one design solution is generated based on the set of design criteria and the predicted designs.
a system includes an electrochemical regenerator configured to receive a first solution having a first salt concentration and output a second solution having a second salt concentration lower than the first salt concentration and a third solution having a third salt concentration higher than the first salt concentration. the first and second solutions are sent to first and second reservoirs respectively absorb and emit heat in response to a phase change of one of the solutions. the absorption or emission of heat can be used in a heat pump system.
a three-dimensional object model is divided into slices that are targeted for an additive manufacturing process operable to deposit material at a variable deposition size ranging between minimum and maximum printable feature sizes. for each of the slices, a thinning algorithm is applied to contours of the slice to form a meso-skeleton. topological features of the thinned slice are reduced over a number of passes such that a portion of the meso-skeleton is reduced to a single pixel wide line. based on the number of passes, a slice-specific printable feature size within the range of the minimum and maximum printable feature sizes is determined. an adjusted slice is formed by sweeping the meso-skeleton with the slice-specific printable feature size. the adjusted slices are assembled into an object model which is used to create a manufactured object.
a system is provided for determining vulnerability metrics for graph-based configuration security. during operation, the system generates a multi-layer graph for a system with a plurality of interconnected components. the system determines, based on the multi-layer subgraph, a model for a multi-step attack on the system by: calculating, based on a first set of variables and a first set of tunable parameters, a likelihood of exploiting a vulnerability in the system; and calculating, based on a second set of variables and a second set of tunable parameters, an exposure factor indicating an impact of exploiting a vulnerability on the utility of an associated component. the system determines, based on the model, a set of attack paths that can be used in the multi-step attack and recommends a configuration change in the system, thereby facilitating optimization of system security to mitigate attacks on the system while preserving system functionality.
a method of printing a three-dimensional object. the method includes: supplying a print material to a plurality of ejector conduits arranged in an array, the ejector conduits comprising first ends configured to accept the print material and second ends comprising ejector nozzles; advancing the print material in one or more of the ejector conduits of the array until the print material is disposed in the ejector nozzle of the one or more ejector conduits; heating the print material positioned in at least one of the ejector nozzles using radiant energy, the heating causing at least a portion of the print material to be ejected from the at least one of the ejector nozzles and onto a print substrate; and repeating both the advancing the print material and the heating the print material to form a three-dimensional object on the print substrate.
a method is disclosed for designing a nozzle for jetting printing material in a printing system including selecting a surface tension and viscosity of a printing material at a jetting temperature, selecting a drop volume of the printing material, and constructing a constricted axisymmetric dissipative section of the nozzle, which may include defining a length of the constricted axisymmetric dissipative section and defining a cross-sectional area of the constricted axisymmetric dissipative section. other methods are disclosed involving receiving an input for a drop volume of the printing material, constructing a simulation of a constricted dissipative section of the nozzle by defining a length of the constricted dissipative section with respect to an orifice length and defining a cross-sectional area of the constricted dissipative section, and outputting the simulation of the constricted dissipative section to a display device and displaying on the display device an image representing the constricted dissipative section.
a color changing expiration indicator includes a reactive layer and a first barrier layer that covers at least a portion of the reactive layer. the color changing expiration indicator also includes a transmission layer that covers at least a portion of the first barrier layer, and a second barrier layer that covers at least a portion of the transmission layer. the color changing expiration indicator further includes a reactant layer that covers at least a portion of the second barrier layer. the reactant layer changes color responsive to a reaction that occurs between the reactant layer and the reactive layer.
system and method that to shape micro-object density distribution (how densely the micro-objects are assembled in particular spatial regions) are provided. a high speed camera tracks existing object density distribution. an array of photo-transistor-controlled electrodes is used to generate a dynamic potential energy landscape for manipulating objects with both dep and ep forces, and a video projector is used actuate the array. one or more computing devices are used to: process images captured by the camera to estimate existing density distribution of objects; receive a desired density distribution of micro-objects; define a model describing a variation of micro-object density over time due to capacitance-based interactions; generate a sequence of electrode potential that when generated would minimize error between the existing density distribution and a desired density distribution; and use the sequences of electrode potentials to actuate the electrodes.
ink-based digital printing systems useful for ink printing include a rotatable charge-retentive reimageable surface layer configured to receive a layer of fountain solution. the fountain solution is carried to the charge retentive surface by a fog or mist including fountain solution aerosol particles, dispersed gas particles, and charge directors that impart charge to the fountain solution aerosol particles. the charge-retentive reimageable surface may be charged to a uniform potential, and selectively discharged using an ros according to image data to form an electrostatic latent image. the charged fountain solution adheres to portions of the charge-retentive reimageable surface according to the electrostatic latent image to form a fountain solution image thereon. the fountain solution image can be partially transferred to an imaging blanket, where the fountain solution image is inked. the resulting ink image may be transferred to a print substrate.
a method of operating a printer evaluates the effect of printing a print job with two different orientations of the image content data for the print job. the orientation that produces the least increase in the cross-process direction displacement error for the inkjets in the printer is selected for printing the print job. by attenuating the increase in cross-process direction displacement error, the interval between printhead maintenance operations is increased.
a printed structure, and systems and methods for creating the printed structure are disclosed. the printed structure includes a substrate, a first printed image layer, and a second printed image layer printed at least partially over the first printed image layer. the first printed image layer includes a first variable image printed using a first electrophoretic ink and the second printed image layer includes a second variable image printed using a second electrophoretic ink. the first variable image and the second variable image are configured to selectively change their display states upon application of an electric field.
a redox-active compound is disclosed that is the reaction product of an electron-withdrawing monomer, a cross-linker, and a redox-active moiety. the cross-linker may be connected to the redox-active moiety through the electron-withdrawing functional group. the redox-active compound has a reduced form and an oxidized form and neither the reduced form nor the oxidized form is decomposed by oxygen. the redox-active compound may be used to create a ph gradient in a fluid stream. a redox-active composition may include the redox-active compound, a binder, and a current collector. the redox-active composition may be part of a membraneless electrochemical cell.
a classification-based diagnosis for detecting and predicting faults in physical system (e.g. an electronic circuit or rail switch) is disclosed. some embodiments make use of partial system model information (e.g., system topology, components behavior) to simplify the classifier complexity (e.g., reduce the number of parameters). some embodiments of the method use a bayesian approach to derive a classifier structure.
a system is provided which obtains images of a physical object captured by an ar recording device in a 3d scene. the system measures a level of diversity of the obtained images, for a respective image, based on at least: a distance and angle; a lighting condition; and a percentage of occlusion. the system generates, based on the level of diversity, a first visualization of additional images to be captured by projecting, on a display of the recording device, first instructions for capturing the additional images using the ar recording device. the system trains a model based on the collected data. the system performs an error analysis on the collected data to estimate an error rate for each image of the collected data. the system generates, based on the error analysis, a second visualization of further images to be captured. the model is further trained based on the collected data.
the present specification relates to image capture. more specifically, it relates to selective image capture for sensor carrying devices or floats deployed, for example, on the open sea. in one form, data is generated on the sensor carrying devices or floats by an on-board inertial measurement unit (imu) and is used to automatically predict the wave motion of the sea. these predictions are then used to determine an acceptable set of motion parameters that are used to trigger the on-board camera(s). the camera(s) then capture images. one consideration is that images captured at or near the peak of a wave crest with minimal pitch and roll will contain fewer obstructions (such as other waves). such images provide a view further into the horizon to, for example, monitor maritime sea traffic and other phenomenon. therefore, the likelihood of capturing interesting objects such as ships, boats, garbage, birds, . . . etc. is increased. these images may then be further processed and/or transmitted in a variety of manners.
a method of dispensing a graded material includes generating droplets of a first working material, the droplets having a size in the range of 10 nanometers to 10 micrometers, adding the droplets of the first working material into a carrier fluid to create a first emulsion, wherein addition of the droplets of the first working material is controlled to create gradient in the emulsion, mixing the first emulsion to create a homogenous, graded mixture, and dispensing the homogenous, graded mixture onto a surface.
an apparatus includes a structure comprising a predetermined breakable region and a mechanical actuator disposed at or proximate the predetermined breakable region. the mechanical actuator comprises an impact member coupled to a spring arrangement, and a restraint member operably coupled to the spring arrangement. a trigger source is operably coupled to an electrical power source. the trigger source, in response to receiving current from the electrical power source, is configured to release or break the restraint member so as to allow the spring arrangement to forcibly move the impact member into contact with, and break, the predetermined breakable region.
a method for producing polyimide microparticles may comprise: combining a diamine and a dianhydride in a first dry, high boiling point solvent; reacting the diamine and the dianhydride to produce a mixture comprising poly(amic acid) (paa) and the first dry, high boiling point solvent; emulsifying the mixture in a matrix fluid that is immiscible with the first dry, high boiling point solvent using an emulsion stabilizer to form a precursor emulsion that is an oil-in-oil emulsion; and heating the precursor emulsion during and/or after formation to a temperature sufficient to polymerize the paa to form the polyimide microparticles.
a method of producing functionalized graphene oxide includes mixing graphene oxide with a reactive monomer containing at least one epoxy functional group and a secondary functional group that is selected from vinyl, acrylate, methacrylate, and epoxy to form a mixture, adding an activation agent, heating and stirring the mixture, cooling the mixture, separating the particles from the mixture, and drying the particles to produce functionalized graphene oxide. a method of manufacturing a cured polymer resin using functionalized graphene oxide includes mixing functionalized graphene oxide with a resin precursor to produce a functionalized graphene mixture, wherein the particles contain functional groups nearly identical to, or identical to, a polymer precursor material, adding a curing initiator to the functionalized graphene mixture and mixing to produce a formulation, depositing the formulation into a desired shape, and curing the formulation to form a polymer having functionalized graphene oxide groups in a base polymer material.
a composition of matter includes macroparticles comprising particles of one or more continuous phase matrix materials and functionalized microparticles contained at least partially in the one or more matrix material. a method of manufacturing includes producing macroparticles comprising a continuous phase thermoset matrix material mixed with a thermal initiator, depositing a layer of the matrix material onto a powder bed, applying a focused heat source to the layer of matrix material to selectively cure portions of the layer, repeating the depositing and applying until a final shape is formed, and removing uncured powder from the final shape.
provided herein is a composition for eutectic metal alloy nanoparticles having an average particle size ranging from about 0.5 nanometers to less than about 5000 nanometers and at least one organoamine stabilizer. also provided herein is a process for preparing eutectic metal alloy nanoparticles comprising mixing at least one organic polar solvent, at least one organoamine stabilizer, and a eutectic metal alloy to create a mixture; sonicating the mixture at a temperature above the melting point of the eutectic metal alloy; and collecting a composition comprising a plurality of eutectic metal alloy nanoparticles having an average particle size ranging from about 0.5 nanometers to less than about 5000 nanometers. further disclosed herein are hybrid conductive ink compositions comprising a component comprising a plurality of metal nanoparticles and a component comprising a plurality of eutectic metal alloy nanoparticles.
printing apparatuses include a photoreceptor adapted to print an image by applying marking material to print media, a fuser adapted to heat the marking material on the print media, and a controller. the controller determines the amount of marking material per unit area of the image before the fuser heats the marking material on the print media. the controller rasterizes the image to produce a bitmap of the image, but the amount of marking material per unit area for the image is determined before completion of rasterization and marking of the image. the controller also adjusts the operating temperature of the fuser to a fusing temperature based on the amount of marking material per unit area of the image, causes the photoreceptor to print the image on the print media using the bitmap of the image, and causes the fuser to fuse the marking material to the print media.
an electronic assembly and methods of making the assembly are disclosed. the electronic assembly includes a substrate with an elastic member having an intrinsic stress profile. the elastic member has an anchor portion on the surface of the substrate; and a free end biased away from the substrate via the intrinsic stress profile to form an out of plane structure. the substrate includes one or more spacers on the substrate. the electronic assembly includes a chip comprising contact pads. the out of plane structure on the substrate touches corresponding contact pads on the chip, and the spacers on the substrate touch the chip forming a gap between the substrate and the chip.
a method and apparatus are described for forming a multilayer assembly. the method includes adhering first and second catalyst layers to opposed sides of a polymer membrane. at least one of the first catalyst layer, the second catalyst layer, and the polymer membrane is formed by filament extension atomization of a fluid material to form atomized droplets that are sprayed to form the respective membrane or layer.
a co-extrusion die is configured to produce a multilayer extrusion comprising component layers of an electrochemical cell. the die comprises a plurality of inlet ports configured to receive a plurality of pressurized fluids comprising at least a first metallic ink, a second metallic ink, and a polymeric ink. a plurality of channels are configured to separately transport and shape the plurality of fluids from the plurality of inlet ports to a merge section, such that the plurality of fluids flow together in the merge section to form the multilayer extrusion comprising a polymeric membrane layer disposed between and in contact with a first metallic layer and a second metallic layer. a thickness of each layer within the merge section is controllable by adjustment of a pressure of the plurality of pressurized fluids. an outlet port is configured to output the multilayer extrusion onto a substrate.
a support structure for placement on or about a subject's head supports an ultrasound transducer array configured to deliver transcranial stimulation to a specified region or regions of the subject's brain using pre-recorded neurostimulation data. the pre-recorded neurostimulation data comprises patterns of stimulation of the specified region or regions of the subject's brain or other person's brain developed to recreate a response by one or more of a sensing organ or sensing organs, a vestibular system, and a memory of the subject. a magnetic sensor array is mounted to the support structure and configured to transcranially sense local magnetic fields emanating from the specified region or regions of the subject's brain caused by delivery of the transcranial stimulation and produce contemporaneous neurostimulation data developed using the transcranially sensed local magnetic fields. electronic circuitry comprising a controller is configured to control operation of the respective arrays.
a method of printing on fabric includes: (a) loading a thermoplastic material into a nozzle of an extruder, such as an extruder of a three dimensional (3d) printer; (b) positioning a substrate that includes fabric in a print area proximate to the nozzle; (c) heating the thermoplastic material in the nozzle to a temperature that is equal to or greater than a melting point temperature of the fabric; and (d) extruding the heated thermoplastic material from the nozzle as a filament onto the fabric to yield a printed pattern on the fabric.
the techniques disclosed herein help designers find interesting designs for small electrical, mechanical, and/or hydraulic mechanisms by exhaustively enumerating the design space given a library of components and a maximum number of components allowed per design. some embodiments work by creating a design space grammar of designs, solving the equations associated with parts of the grammar, and putting the solutions into equivalence classes. this dramatically reduces the number of designs that have to be evaluated to see if they satisfy the design criteria. the result is often a small number of base designs that show the range of possible solutions to the design problem.
an image based correction system compensates for the image quality artifacts induced by thermal ghosting on evolving imaging member surfaces. with thermal ghosting directly tied to previous image content, a feed forward system determines thermal ghosting artifacts based on images previously rendered and generates an open loop gray-level correction to a current image that mitigates undesirable ghosting. for example, the correction system compensates for the thermal ghosting by making the current image “lighter” in areas that will be imaged onto warmer blanket regions, thereby cancelling out trc differences between different temperature regions. a temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of the imaging blanket due to the stresses induced by the image. this data is used to learn the parameters of the temperature model periodically during operation, and used in subsequent corrections to mitigate thermal ghosting in spite of changes in blanket properties over use and time.
a metal object manufacturing apparatus is configured to eject melted metal drops to form a continuous metal line over a line of spatially separated pillars in a single pass. the ejection frequency for forming the continuous metal line is different than the frequency used to form the pillars. in one embodiment, the ejection frequency for forming the pillars is about 100 hz and the frequency used to form the continuous metal line over the line of spatially separated pillars is about 300 hz with a drop spacing of about 0.2 mm. continuous metal lines are formed to extend the continuous metal lines over the pillars laterally to fill the gaps between the continuous metal lines over the pillars. these continuous metal lines that fill the gaps are formed while operating the ejection head at the 300 hz frequency with a drop spacing of 0.28 mm.
an embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to a method of additive manufacturing. the method comprises: i) forming a first layer, the first layer comprising at least one material chosen from an article material, a support structure material and a fracturable material; ii) forming an additional layer on the first layer, the additional layer comprising at least one material chosen from the article material, the support structure material and the fracturable material; and iii) repeating ii) one or more times to form a three-dimensional build comprising an article and at least one support structure attached to the article at an interface, the interface comprising the fracturable material formed during one or more of i), ii) or iii), the fracturable material being formed by exposing a print material with a gas reactant. a three-dimensional build is also disclosed.
a printing system comprises an ink deposition assembly and a media transport device. the ink deposition assembly comprises printheads to deposit a print fluid, such as ink, on print media, such as paper. the media transport device holds the print media against a movable support surface, such as a belt, by vacuum suction platen and transports the print media though a deposition region. the vacuum suction is communicated to the movable through platen holes and platen channels in a vacuum platen. at least some of the platen channels have a high impedance region that has a reduced open cross-sectional area as compared to another region of the platen channel.
an inkjet printer detects vibrations within the printer and compensates for the detected vibrations by adjusting a gap between the printheads and the media transport. additionally, the inkjet printer detects media sheet heights that may cause damage as they pass through the print zone of the printer and adjusts the gap to enable the media sheets to pass through the print zone without contacting the printheads. a method of operating an inkjet printer so configured is also disclosed.
disclosed are methods and systems of controlling the placement of micro-objects on the surface of a micro-assembler. control patterns may be used to cause phototransistors or electrodes of the micro-assembler to generate dielectrophoretic (dep) and electrophoretic (ep) forces which may be used to manipulate, move, position, or orient one or more micro-objects on the surface of the micro-assembler. a set of micro-object may be analyzed. geometric properties of the set of micro-objects may be identified. the set of micro-objects may be divided into multiple sub-sets of micro-objects based on the one or more geometric properties and one or more control patterns.
a downloaded app controls a device to recognize whether a connected card reader is an unsupported card reader or whether an unsupported card is supplied to the connected card reader. the app automatically generates support for the unsupported card reader or unsupported card by reading the identifying information from the unsupported card reader or unsupported card, modifying an existing driver support file by adding the identifying information to the existing driver support file to create a modified driver support file, and testing the unsupported card reader or unsupported card using the modified driver support file. if the tests are successful, the app then supplies the modified driver support file to other devices separate from the printer.
system and method that allow utilize machine learning algorithms to move a micro-object to a desired position are described. a sensor such as a high speed camera or capacitive sensing, tracks the locations of the objects. a dynamic potential energy landscape for manipulating objects is generated by controlling each of the electrodes in an array of electrodes. one or more computing devices are used to: estimate an initial position of a micro-object using the sensor; generate a continuous representation of a dynamic model for movement of the micro-object due to electrode potentials generated by at least some of the electrodes and use automatic differentiation and gauss quadrature rules on the dynamic model to derive optimum potentials to be generated by the electrodes to move the micro-object to the desired position; and map the calculated optimized electrode potentials to the array to activate the electrodes.
a method is disclosed. for example, the method executed by a processor of a shared device includes receiving an identification of a user, connecting to a remote server that stores authentication modules and applications, requesting an authentication module and an application stored on the remote server that is associated with the identification of the user, storing the authentication module and the application temporarily on a non-resident memory of the shared device, and executing the application in response to authentication of the user based on log-in information that was received via the authentication module.
a slicer in a material drop ejecting three-dimensional (3d) object printer determines the number of material drops to eject to form a perimeter in an object layer and distributes a quantization error over the layers forming the perimeter. the slicer also identifies the location for the first material drop ejected to form the perimeter using a blue noise generator.
a method of operating a multi-nozzle extruder in an additive manufacturing system enables support structure to be formed while an object is also being formed. the method includes opening more than one nozzle in the multi-nozzle extruder, and operating an actuator with a controller to move the multi-nozzle extruder along a path to form a first group of multiple parallel ribbons of support structure simultaneously with material extruded from the more than one open nozzle.
a color inkjet printer includes an electrode that emits an electric field into a gap between a printhead and a media transport that carries media past the printhead. image data generated by an optical sensor after an ink image is printed on the media is analyzed to measure at least one image quality metric. when the measured image quality metric is outside of a tolerance range, the voltage of a voltage source electrically connected to the electrode is adjusted to improve the wetting of the media type with the ink ejected by the printhead.
an aqueous inkjet printer also ejects drops of uv material on an aqueous ink image and exposes the aqueous ink image and the uv material to uv radiation before passing the aqueous ink image and uv material through a thermal dryer. the exposure to uv radiation pins the uv material to the aqueous ink image and underlying substrate and the thermal dryer fixes the aqueous ink image to the substrate while releasing free radicals from the uv material. thus, the printer produces textured prints that do not have free radicals that can irritate skin or produce noxious odors.
a nonlimiting example method of forming highly spherical carbon nanomaterial-graft-polyolefin (cnm-g-polyolefin) particles may comprising: mixing a mixture comprising: (a) a cnm-g-polyolefin comprising a polyolefin grafted to a carbon nanomaterial, (b) a carrier fluid that is immiscible with the polyolefin of the cnm-g-polyolefin, optionally (c) a thermoplastic polymer not grafted to a cnm, and optionally (d) an emulsion stabilizer at a temperature greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the polyolefin of the cnm-g-polyolefin and the thermoplastic polymer, when included, and at a shear rate sufficiently high to disperse the cnm-g-polyolefin in the carrier fluid; cooling the mixture to below the melting point or softening temperature to form the cnm-g-polyolefin particles; and separating the cnm-g-polyolefin particles from the carrier fluid.
a transfer member for a printing device includes a shaft, a rigid cylindrical core member, mounted on the shaft, an outer layer supported on the rigid cylindrical core member, and optionally a conformable intermediate layer, spacing the cylindrical core member from the outer layer. the outer layer defines an outer surface of the transfer member, and is configured for receiving a toner image thereon. the cylindrical core and outer layer have a same axis of rotation as the shaft. the rigid cylindrical core and/or the conformable intermediate layer, where present may be electrically biased, relative to a photoconductor drum of the printing device.
a method operates a three-dimensional (3d) metal object manufacturing system to compensate for displacement errors that occur during object formation. in the method, image data of a metal object being formed by the 3d metal object manufacturing system is generated prior to completion of the metal object and compared to original 3d object design data of the object to identify one or more displacement errors. for the displacement errors outside a predetermined difference range, the method modifies machine-ready instructions for forming metal object layers not yet formed to compensate for the identified displacement errors and operates the 3d metal object manufacturing system using the modified machine-ready instructions.
a three-dimensional (3d) metal object manufacturing apparatus is equipped with two solid metal moving mechanisms that are independently operated to move two different metals into the receptacle of a vessel in a melted metal drop ejecting apparatus. the ejector is operated to form object features with melted metal drops of one of the two different metals and to form support features with melted metal drops of the other of the two different metals. the thermal expansion coefficients of the two metals are sufficiently different that the support features easily separate from the object features after the object and support features cool.
a method of inkjet printer operation indicates a need for printhead purging without requiring analysis of printed images to detect streakiness in the images. the method compares terms of a histogram of a filtered response of an inkjet status vector to a streakiness metric to determine whether the distribution of inoperative inkjets in a printhead enables missing ink techniques to be used to compensate for inoperative inkjets in the printhead.
a system and method for content creation via interactive layers is provided. a mutable general object on which to build an artefact is stored. the mutable general object includes a plurality of n-dimensional data units capable of being rendered in a multi-dimensional display. an environment represented by the artefact is displayed. the artefact includes layers that each represent a different characteristic of the environment. each layer includes a generator and layer parameters. a unique identifier is assigned to each layer. the identifiers for the layers of the artefact are composited and the composited identifiers are stored. upon accessing the composited identifiers, the artefact is reconfigured for display using the generator and layer parameters from each of the layers.
an electrochemical system has a first reservoir receiving a feed stream. the feed stream includes a solvent and a solute different than the salt. a second reservoir receives a brine stream with a higher salt concentration higher than the feed stream. electrodes contact a loop of redox-active electrolyte material causing reversible redox reactions. the reactions cause the loop to accept a first ion from the salt in the first reservoir and drive a second ion into the brine stream in the second reservoir. three ionic exchange membranes of alternating type define the first and second reservoirs. a concentrate stream is output from the first reservoir, the concentrate stream having a second solute concentration greater than the first solute concentration.
a three-dimensional (“3d”) printer. the 3d printer comprises a plurality of ejector conduits arranged in an array, each ejector conduit comprising a first end positioned to accept a print material, a second end comprising an ejector nozzle, and a passageway defined by an inner surface of the ejector conduit for allowing the print material to pass through the ejector conduit from the first end to the second end. the 3d printer further comprises: a plurality of radiant energy sources, the plurality of radiant energy sources being positionable so that a path of radiant energy emitted from one or more of the plurality of radiant energy sources is capable of striking the ejector nozzle of each of the plurality of ejector conduits during operation of the 3d printer; and a positioning system for controlling the relative position of the array with a print substrate in a manner that would allow the print substrate to receive print material jettable from the plurality of ejector conduits during operation of the 3d printer.
an mfd is disclosed. for example, the mfd includes a color printhead to dispense color printing fluid, an enhancement printhead to dispense a three-dimensional (3d) print material, a processor and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a plurality of instructions. the instructions when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform operations that include printing a two-dimensional (2d) image on a substrate and printing a 3d object on the 2d image printed on the substrate such that colors of the 2d image provide a desired color for a desired portion of the 3d object.
methods and system for creating an infrared effect that can survives copying, can involve providing a metameric pair of pattern inks, wherein a first pattern ink reflects higher in an infrared spectrum as compared to a second pattern ink among the metameric pair of pattern inks, wherein the second pattern ink is less reflective than the first pattern ink. for the second pattern ink that is less reflective than the first pattern ink, a pattern can be created for the second pattern ink that is larger and less scattered than an existing design for a pattern ink. a color of media can be used as a common color for the metameric pair of patterns and inks to create an infrared effect from the metameric pair of pattern inks that survives copying on the media.
the present disclosure discloses methods and systems for transferring rights, to release a secure print job from one user to another user. the rights to release the secure print job can be transferred based on a request from a primary user i.e., the user who submits the secure print job or based on a request from a secondary user i.e., the user who wants to release the secure print job on behalf of the primary user. based on the request from any user, a multi-function device transfers rights to release the secure print job from the primary user to the secondary user. here, transferring rights includes changing ownership of the secure print job from the primary user to the secondary user. upon successful changing the ownership, the secondary user releases the secure print job originally submitted by the primary user.
a polymer electrolyte membrane includes an ion-conducting polymeric electrolyte material and platelets, distributed through the polymeric electrolyte material. the platelets have an aspect ratio of length to thickness of at least 2:1. the platelets are aligned generally parallel to a length of the membrane. the platelets can be functionalized with free radical scavengers, or other moieties, to extend the lifetime of the membrane or of a membrane electrode assembly incorporating the membrane.
a method for producing polyamide particles may include: mixing a mixture comprising a polyamide, a carrier fluid that is immiscible with the polyamide, and nanoparticles at a temperature greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the polyamide and at a shear rate sufficiently high to disperse the polyamide in the carrier fluid; cooling the mixture to below the melting point or softening temperature of the polyamide to form solidified particles comprising polyamide particles having a circularity of 0.90 or greater and that comprise the polyamide and the nanoparticles associated with an outer surface of the polyamide particles; and separating the solidified particles from the carrier fluid.
a method of manufacturing includes producing a powder resin comprising a polymer precursor and a thermal initiator, packing a fiber structure with the powder resin, resulting in a resin-packed structure, and heating the resin-packed structure to a curing temperature high enough to melt and cure the resin-packed structure to form a final structure.
melt emulsification may be employed to form elastomeric particulates in a narrow size range when nanoparticles are included as an emulsion stabilizer. such processes may comprise combining a polyurethane polymer and nanoparticles with a carrier fluid at a heating temperature at or above a melting point or a softening temperature of the polyurethane polymer, applying sufficient shear to disperse the polyurethane polymer as liquefied droplets in the presence of the nanoparticles in the carrier fluid at the heating temperature, cooling the carrier fluid at least until elastomeric particulates in a solidified state form, and separating the elastomeric particulates from the carrier fluid. in the elastomeric particulates, the polyurethane polymer defines a core and an outer surface of the elastomeric particulates and the nanoparticles are associated with the outer surface. the elastomeric particulates may have a d50 of about 1 μm to about 1,000 μm.
a method for producing highly spherical polymer particles comprising a polyamide having an optical absorber in a backbone of the polyamide (iboa-polyamide) may comprise: mixing a mixture comprising the iboa-polyamide, a carrier fluid that is immiscible with the iboa-polyamide, and optionally an emulsion stabilizer at a temperature greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the iboa-polyamide and at a shear rate sufficiently high to disperse the iboa-polyamide in the carrier fluid; and cooling the mixture to below the melting point or softening temperature of the iboa-polyamide to form particles comprising the iboa-polyamide and the emulsion stabilizer, when present, associated with an outer surface of the particles.
a computer-implemented system and method for object tracking via identifier-tracker pairings is provided. at least one tracker-identifier pair is maintained. the tracker is associated with an entity, including a person or object. the identifier is accessed to locate the entity. the tracker associated with the identifier is identified and a location of the entity is determined based on a location of the tracker. the location of the entity is provided to the user.
an apparatus and method for compensating for variation of the image placement for each color station in an intermediate transfer drum system. a sensor detects the image placed by the previous station and triggers the imaging on the drum such that it properly registered to the previous image. however, the variation of the drum's radius results in runout which creates an error in the image placement, since the surface drum travel will be larger or smaller than expected. the method to correct for a lead edge offset for radial runout involves dividing the drum into regions and calculating an offset center of each region. as the drum transitions from region to region the offset value is updated to determine when to start imaging for proper placement on the sheet. the offset can be derived from the image runout to find the distance traveled from the transfer point or can be measured directly from color-to-color registration variation.
methods for synthesizing a polyamide having the optical absorber in the backbone of the polyamide may comprise: polymerizing polyamide monomers in the presence of an optical absorber selected from the group consisting of a polyamine optical absorber, a polyacid optical absorber, an amino acid optical absorber, and any combination thereof to yield the polyamide having the optical absorber in the backbone of the polyamide. said polyamides having the optical absorber in the backbone of the polyamide may be useful in producing objects by methods that include melt extrusion, injection molding, compression molding, melt spinning, melt emulsification, spray drying, cryogenic milling, freeze drying polymer dispersions, and precipitation of polymer dispersions.
a nonlimiting example method for synthesizing a pigment-pendent polyamide (pp-polyamide) may comprise: functionalizing metal oxide particles bound to a pigment particle with a compound having an epoxy to produce a surface treated pigment having a pendent epoxy; and reacting the pendent epoxy with a polyamide to yield the pp-polyamide. another nonlimiting example method for synthesizing a pp-polyamide may comprise: functionalizing metal oxide particles bound to a pigment particle with a silica particle having a carboxylic acid surface treatment to produce a surface treated pigment having a pendent carboxylic acid; converting the pendent carboxylic acid to a pendent acid chloride; and reacting the pendent acid chloride with a polyamide to yield the pp-polyamide. said pp-polyamide may be useful in producing objects by methods that include melt extrusion, injection molding, compression molding, melt spinning, melt emulsification, spray drying, cryogenic milling, freeze drying polymer dispersions, and precipitation of polymer dispersions.
polymer particles that comprise a thermoplastic polymer and a nucleating agent may be useful in additive manufacturing methods where warping may be mitigated. for example, a method of producing said polymer particles may comprise: mixing a mixture comprising a thermoplastic polymer, a nucleating agent, a carrier fluid, and optionally an emulsion stabilizer at a temperature at or greater than a melting point or softening temperature of the thermoplastic polymer to emulsify a thermoplastic polymer melt in the carrier fluid; cooling the mixture to form polymer particles; and separating the polymer particles from the carrier fluid, wherein the polymer particles comprise the thermoplastic polymer, the nucleating agent, the emulsion stabilizer, if included, and wherein the polymer particles have a crystallization temperature that is substantially the same as a crystallization temperature of the thermoplastic polymer prior to mixing.
a monitoring system for a power grid includes one or more power transformer monitors. each power transformer monitor includes a plurality of optical sensors disposed on one or more optical fibers that sense parameters of the power transformer. each optical sensor is configured to sense a power transformer parameter that is different from a power transformer parameter sensed by at least one other sensor of the plurality of optical sensors. an optical coupler spatially disperses optical signals from the optical sensors according to wavelength. a detector unit converts optical signals of the optical sensors to electrical signals representative of the sensed power transformer parameters.
the techniques discussed herein generally relate to a method and system for qualitative modeling of and reasoning about the behavior of spatio-temporal physical systems. in some embodiments, qualitative representations based on tonti diagrams are used to describe lumped or distributed parameter systems. using a topological structure of the physical system, some embodiments generate qualitative governing equations as symbolic constraints on qualitative state variables. the qualitative constraints may be used to produce a qualitative simulation of the physical system. the qualitative simulation may be used to guide conceptual design iterations with given design criteria, or for instantiation of quantitative or hybrid (qualitative and quantitative) models and simulations.
a printing system comprises a print fluid deposition assembly, a media transport device, and an air flow control system. the print fluid deposition assembly comprises a carrier plate and a printhead arranged to eject a print fluid through an opening of the carrier plate to a deposition region. the media transport device holds a print medium against the movable support surface by vacuum suction and transports the print medium through the deposition region. the air flow control system comprises an air supply unit comprising air flow guide structure extending into the opening of the carrier plate between the carrier plate and the printhead to flow air through the opening. the air flow control system controls the air supply unit to selectively flow the air based on a location of a print medium relative to the printhead.
a method analyzes image data of a test pattern printed on an image receiving member by a printer to identify split inkjets in the printheads of the printer. the test pattern is formed by operating each inkjet of a printhead to form a dash and the areas of the dashes are compared to an average dash area to identify split inkjets. firing signal parameters for the split inkjets are adjusted and subsequent firing signals are generated using the adjusted parameters. image data of the pixels formed by the split inkjets are analyzed after the split inkjets have been operated using the adjusted firing signal parameters. if the pixel size for a split inkjets indicates that the split inkjet has been remediated, then the firing signal parameters are returned to their nominal values.
a method includes printing, by one or more printer heads of the printing system, a reactive layer onto print media. the method also includes printing, by the one or more printer heads, a determined number of transmission layers and a determined number of barrier layers in alternation with one another. at least a portion of the reactive layer is configured to migrate through the transmission layers. the method further includes printing, by the one or more printer heads, a reactant layer that is configured to change color responsive to a reaction that occurs between the reactant layer and the reactive layer upon migration of the reactive layer through the determined number of transmission layers. the reaction is configured to occur on a received expiration date.
a tensioner assembly for a belt of a device useful in printing, the tensioner assembly including a bracket, including a first plate including at least one slot, and a second plate, a third plate slidably connected to the first plate, a connector engaged with the at least one slot and connected to the third plate, and a resilient member including a first end engaged with the third plate and a second end engaged with the second plate, wherein the resilient member is operatively arranged to bias the third plate away from the second plate.
a process including combining polystyrene and a first solvent to form a polystyrene solution; heating the polystyrene solution; adding a second solvent to the polystyrene solution with optional stirring whereby polystyrene microparticles are formed via microprecipitation; optionally, cooling the formed polystyrene microparticles in solution; and optionally, removing the first solvent and second solvent. a polystyrene microparticle formed by a microprecipitation process, wherein the polystyrene particle has a spherical morphology, a particle diameter of greater than about 10 micrometers, and a weight average molecular weight of from about 38,000 to about 200,000 daltons. a method of selective laser sintering including providing polystyrene microparticles formed by a microprecipitation process; and exposing the microparticles to a laser to fuse the microparticles.
a method of producing a polymer aerogel includes dissolving precursors into a solvent, wherein the precursors include monomers, crosslinkers, a controlling agent and an initiator to form a precursor solution, wherein at least one of the monomers or at least one of the crosslinkers has a refractive index of 1.5 or lower, polymerizing the precursor solution to form a gel polymer, and removing the solvent from the gel polymer to produce the polymer aerogel. a method of producing a polymer aerogel include dissolving precursors into a solvent, wherein the precursors include monomers, crosslinkers, a controlling agent and an initiator to form a precursor solution, polymerizing the precursor solution to form a gel polymer, removing the solvent from the gel polymer to produce the polymer aerogel, and reducing a refractive index of one of either the gel polymer or the polymer aerogel.
a sun exposure sensor for disposable or single use including a substrate having an upper surface and a lower surface; a sun exposure sensing portion disposed on the upper surface of the substrate, the sun exposure sensing portion comprising a fluorescent toner image, wherein the fluorescent toner image increasingly fades upon exposure to sunlight; a sun exposure scale disposed on the upper surface of the substrate, the sun exposure scale comprising an evaluation image for evaluating an amount of fading of the fluorescent toner image; an optional coating layer disposed over all or a portion of the upper surface of the substrate; an optional backing layer disposed over all or a portion of the lower surface of the substrate. a process for preparing the sensor using xerographic toner printing.
